Contents ← All Spain’s revolution against Franco: The great betrayalHome / Marxist Corpus / Wellred Catalogue / Spain’s revolution against Franco: The great betrayal Acknowledgements Preface Foreword A personal note 1. The Long Night of Francoism The iron heel Fear and misery under the Franco regime The Church and the Dictatorship A religious, moral and cultural dictatorship Fascism and culture, or giving Franco a hand The Death of a Poet Education: One Law for the Rich, Another for the Poor Life in the Factories The Rural Areas: Andalusia A Vale of Tears Early Signs of Revolt The ‘Years of Development’ Appetite Comes with Eating 2. The Reawakening – 1960-73 The Asturian Miners Solidarity The Birth of the Workers’ Commissions The Game of Thrones, Part I: The Road to Estoril The Game of Thrones Part II: A Murky Affair A Modern Bourbon Franco Names His Successor The Assassination of Admiral Carrero Blanco Negative Consequences 3. The International Context Pamplona 1973: The Anatomy of a Strike The Authi Strike 14 July 1973: The General Strike Begins Impact of the Pamplona Strikes Walking on a Tightrope Revolution in Portugal – 1974 Impact of the Portuguese Revolution in Spain To Invade or Not to Invade? Morocco and the Sahara Question A Hated Regime My first visit to Spain The Underground in Barcelona Explosive mood A May Day march in Barcelona A hard school 4. The Death of a Dictator: The Church in Self-Preservation Mode The Church Asks for Forgiveness Interview with a Worker Priest The new heroes of democracy A Macabre Episode Death of a Dictator The Game of Thrones Part III: At Franco’s Bedside 5. March 1976: The Floodgates Open In Madrid The Madrid Metro The mood in Madrid Revolt of the students Intellectuals and Artists Against Franco The Arias Government Fraga and Areilza Torcuato Fernández-Miranda Feet of Clay ‘Reform’ Torture The Game of Thrones IV: Checkmate The King’s New Suit of Clothes The Regime Looks to Europe 6. Vitoria: The Turning Point Activists Remember How it All Began Lock-out Vertical Union Versus Representative Committees The Assemblies Demonstrations Solidarity: The Role of Women Call to Action An Eventful Journey “A small-scale Soviet” 3 March as I Saw it The massacre “A Massacre? Ok, That’s Good. Over.” A Grim Aftermath In Carabanchel Who Gave the Order? The Policy of Social Anaesthesia 7. The Irresistible Rise of Adolfo Suárez 1976-77: “A normal Man” The Office Makes the Man The King Goes to Washington Arias Reform Shipwrecked A Government Suspended in Mid-air The Éminence Grise The Dismissal of Arias The “Man of the Moment” The Triumph of Mediocrity “What a Mistake, What a Terrible Mistake!” The Law of Political Reform Unrest Among the Generals Suárez and the opposition The December Referendum 8. Seven Days in January: “A Superficial, Controlled Democracy” The Murder of María Luz The Atocha Massacre Mood of Anger Operation Gladio: the Italian Connection Right-Wing Terror in Italy The return of Carrillo “Come Into my Parlour, Said the Spider to the Fly” Suárez Drags His Feet Legal, at Last! Fury of the Generals Who Was the Winner? 9. The Communist Party An interlude in Moscow Eurocommunism and National Reconciliation The Democratic Junta The ‘Democratic Platform’ The ‘Platajunta’ The reforma pactada The ABC of Politics Carrillo’s bombshell How the Leaders Justified the Sell-out Rallying to the Flag The Correlation of Forces 10. The Socialists: The PSOE The Toulouse Congress The German Connection Insurrection in Athens Alarm in Washington – and in Bonn The SPD Changes Horses The Friedrich-Ebert Foundation And What Do We Do? Dealing With Dictatorship Discretion! Discretion! And Yet More Discretion! He Who Pays the Piper Calls the Tune The Young Socialists Sixth Congress The Destruction of the Young Socialists The Role of ‘Seminars’: Preparing the Ground Felipe: I Am Not a Marxist The Twenty-eighth Congress: González Blackmails The Party The PSOE Abandons Marxism 11. The National Question The Reconquista Spain’s Slow and Ignoble Decline The Basques Under Franco The Birth of ETA The Burgos Trial Basque Autonomy In Prison The Barcelona Bombing Marxism and Terrorism Andalusia Catalonia ‘Operation Tarradellas’ The Right of Self-Determination The Only Solution 12. The Strange Birth of a ‘Parliamentary Monarchy’: The Fascists Ferment in The Police The Armed Forces What Was the UCD? King and Shah: The Missing Millions The General Elections of 1977 Setback for the PCE The Line of Least Resistance Suárez Gains a Breathing Space The Moncloa Pacts The New Constitution: The Suárez Reform Made Flesh Did the People of Spain Vote for a Monarchy? 13. The Turn of the Tide: The Sick Man of Europe A Death in Andalusia… …And Terror in San Fermín The Workers’ Movement The PCE in Parliament Throwing Lenin Overboard Crisis of the Centre The General Election of 1979 The PSOE and the Election The PCE and the Elections The National Question and the Election The Workers’ Statute and the AMI The Unions Legalised The Workers’ Movement Begins to Ebb Right, Turn! The Problem of Leadership 14. Decline and Fall: Demoralisation Disillusionment The PCE Deadlock The King and Queen The King’s Speech A Nest of Reaction The Offensive Against Suárez Carlos Ferrer Salat The tipping point The Church Declares War The death of Arregi The Fall of Suárez Calvo-Sotelo: The Final Agony of the UCD 15. The 23 February Coup Who was Tejero? General Milans del Bosch Alfonso Armada and the King Why the Delay? Sabino Remembers Sabino’s Testimony The Masses Take to the Streets Lahn’s Conversation With Juan Carlos The Trial of the Coup Leaders All’s well that ends well… 16. The Aftermath The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party Parliamentary Cretinism Victory of the PSOE The Death of Carrillo The PSOE in Power NATO and GAL How Felipe González Prospered Venezuela Chávez and the King Hunting Elephants can Seriously Damage Your Crown Abdication Corruption The Cifuentes Affair, or How the PP Acquires Intellect ‘A Criminal Organisation’ 17. Deconstructing a Mythology: Spain’s ‘Democratic Transition’: The Fraud of the Century The Myth of Juan Carlos and Democracy The Constitution ‘Terrorism’ in Alsasua, Rape in Pamplona Freedom of Speech in Spain Today Attacks on Artistic Freedom Don’t Laugh! It May Injure Your Health The Church Today An Affront to Democracy Just Like the Good Old Days Spain’s Buried Shame The Valley of the Fallen Darkness and Light A New Awakening Postscript to the Reader of this Book Chronology Glossary Organisations Individuals Previous chapterDedicationBack toSpain’s revolution against Franco: The great betrayalNext chapterAcknowledgements