NOTES AND INDEXES

Notes

Residual editorial notes

47 editorial note entries had no resolved in-text occurrence and remain here so no source note definition is discarded.

[22] Cf. the exposition below on pp. 17-18 and the corresponding passages in Capital, Vol. Ill, Chapter XXXVI (present edition, Vol. 37).—17

[44] The concept "capital in general" is central to the economic manuscript of 1857-58 (see present edition, vols 28 and 29) and is used repeatedly in Marx's correspondence (see present edition, Vol. 40, pp. 287, 298-303). On the whole, Marx viewed this manuscript as representing a stage in his efforts to work out the substance of the said concept (see Note 1).—41

[80] The original has "6a", which is evidently a mistake.—91

[81] In this connection Marx referred to William Blake's Observations on the Effects Produced by the Expenditure of Government... also on p. XII — 688 of the manuscript (see present edition, Vol. 32, p. 93). He reproduced the pertinent passages from the said work back in the manuscript of 1857-58 (see present edition, Vol. 29, pp. 168-69).—92

[85] The text on p. 999 is the direct continuation of that on p. 994. The sheet which makes up pp. 995-998 (they are twice the size of the other pages in Notebook XVI) was evidently inserted into the notebook at a later date, following which Marx numbered all the pages. The text on the inserted pages is published immediately before the text marked in the margins as "Continuation of the last page of the inserted sheet", and begins on p. XVI —1009 (see this volume, p. 129).—103

[95] Cf. the corresponding passage in the manuscript of 1857-58 (present edition, Vol. 29, pp. 92-93).—108

[99] Marx quotes the pertinent statement by Ricardo on p. XIII — 670 of the manuscript (see present edition, Vol. 32, pp. 67-68).—109

[103] Cf. the critique of Chalmers' views on p. IX — 416 and of those of Malthus on pp. XIII — 767-773 of the manuscript (present edition, Vol. 31, pp. 195-96, Vol. 32, pp. 232-45).—114

[105] What follows in the manuscript is crossed out: "= >y'2:3/4=2U'-3'I'*• =2h< Dv 2/9-Consequently the surplus value should grow only by 2/3 and not treble. 120/3=40. 2/3 of 120=80. 120+2/3x 120+80 = 200. 200/6oo=1/3=331/3% Ss'. But 200/i,200=2/i2=,/6. 5U of 20C."—116

[110] In the margins of p. XVI — 998, Marx made the following addition, which has only survived in part and cannot therefore be placed with certainty at a definite point in the text: "... that the sum of surplus value not only does not fall, but rises [...] to the actual rate [of surplus value] depends on the number of workers employed, that with the use of machinery, due to the action of the laws inherent in machine production, the more productive application [...], the better division and combination of labour due to fixed capital, grows."—129

[114] Marx means that in the consumption of a worker the proportion of agricultural products (the organic composition of capital in agriculture being lower than in industry) is greater than that of industrial products.—131

[115] The calculations below contain arithmetical errors which do not, however, affect the course of Marx's reasoning.—132

[118] Cf. p. IV — 166 of the manuscript of 1861-63 (present edition, Vol. 30, p. 288).—140

[119] Cf. pp. XIII — 726, 727 of the manuscript (present edition, Vol. 32, p. 165).— 144

[123] The heading for this part of the manuscript had been preceded by another which was deleted: "Increase in Absolute Surplus Labour Time by Means of Machinery and Fixed Capital."—151

[127] On p. XVII — 1029 there is a note by Marx: "Continuation of Notebook XV." At the end of p. XV — 973, the final one of this notebook, Marx wrote: "Continued in Notebook XVII." See Note 53.—154

[131] Cf. Marx's analysis of Tooke's views on this question in Capital, Volume III, Chapter XXVIII (present edition, Vol. 37).—172

[137] In his previous calculations, Marx assumed that the ratio of variable to constant capital in this sphere was 1:5, and not 1:6, as he now assumes.—201

[138] On the events which Marx describes here as "Manchester distress", see also his articles "Workers' Distress in England" and "Garibaldi Meetings.—The Distressed Condition of Cotton Workers", written around September 20 and 30, 1862, respectively (present edition, Vol. 19, pp. 239-42, 245-47); they are also mentioned in his letter to Engels of November 17, 1862 (ibid., Vol. 41, p. 430).—209

[139] Marx quotes the pertinent excerpt from The Morning Star on pp. XII — 611, 612 of the manuscript of 1861-63 (see present edition, Vol. 31, p. 538).—209

[142] T h e currency principle—one of the varieties of the quantitative theory of money, which emerged in England in the 1840s. Marx deals with the theoretical views of the Currency School in Capital, Vol. Ill , Chapter X X X I V (see present edition, Vol. 37).—215

[148] The reference is to Lauderdale's book from which Marx familiarised himself with Pitt's speech of February 17, 1792 (see Note 147).—223

[151] In the manuscript of 1861-63 Marx uses the term "cost price" ("Kostenpreis" or "Kostpreis") in three different meanings: 1) in the sense of the price of production, as here; 2) in the sense of the "immanent cost of production" of the commodity, which is identical to the value of the commodity (see present edition, Vol. 30, p. 401); and 3) in the sense of the cost of production.—232

[152] The excerpts from Newman which Marx gives below contain minor digressions of excerpts compiled in London in 1851-52.—239

[154] Below Marx reproduces some of Corbet's propositions, partly verbatim and partly in his own summarised rendering, according to Notebook XVI of excerpts compiled in London in 1851.—242

[157] The passages from Hodgskin's work which Marx gives below are presented partly in a summarised form according to Notebook IX of excerpts compiled in London in 1851.—253

[158] Below Marx partly quotes and partly interprets the pertinent passages from Hodgskin's anonymously published work Labour Defended..., London, 1825, according to Notebook XI of excerpts compiled in London in 1851.—253

[160] Here Marx returns to an analysis of Ramsay's thesis which he criticised earlier, on pp. II — 72-74 of the manuscript (see present edition, Vol. 30, pp. 137-42). The passages from Ramsay below are given by Marx partly in a summarised form according to Notebook IX of excerpts compiled in London in 1851.—256

[171] Cherbuliez gave the name "commercial profit" (profit mercantile) to the profit of the individual capitalist.—292

[179] The cottiers—a category of the rural population consisting of poor or landless peasants. In Ireland, the cottiers rented small plots of land and cottages from the landlords or real estate agents on extremely onerous terms. Their position resembled that of farmhands.—322

[182] Marx is referring to Roscher's book System der Volkswirthschaft, Vol. 1: Die Grundlagen der Nationalökonomie, Stuttgart and Augsburg, 1858, p. 385, where Roscher, discussing the division of profit into profit of enterprise and interest, refers to An Outline... by Senior, who, along with George Read, was among the first to draw attention to this fact. In Notebook VII of excerpts compiled in London in 1859-63, p. 229, Marx remarks that this division was discernible back in the anonymous pamphlet An Inquiry into those Principles, respecting the Nature of Demand and the Necessity of Consumption, London, 1821, pp. 52-53, and also in Thomas Hopkins' Economical Enquiries Relative to the Laws Which Regulate Rent, Profit, Wages, and the Value of Money, London, 1822, pp. 43-44.—333

[185] Marx made a detailed conspectus of this work by Jones in Notebook VII of excerpts compiled in London in 1859-63, pp. 119-23, from where the quotations below are taken.— 337

[186] The supporters of this viewpoint included Nassau William Senior (Principes fondamentaux de l'économie politique..., Paris, 1836, pp. 342-43); Alonzo Potter (Political Economy, New York, 1841, p. 133); Gustave de Molinari (Etudes économiques, Paris, 1846, p. 36) and other economists.—338

[187] Marx discusses revenue and its sources on pp. XV — 891-944 of the manuscript (see present edition, Vol. 32, pp. 449-541). This "Episode", as Marx describes it on the inside front cover of Notebook XIV, is a supplement to the main text of the Theories of Surplus Value. It may be seen from the plan for the third section (see Note 4) of Capital drawn up on p. XVIII — 1139 that he intended it to be subsequently included as point 9 in this third chapter (see this volume, p. 346).—340

[189] See article "Connection between the Rate of Interest and the Abundance or Scarcity of the Precious Metals" in the indicated issue of The Economist. This quotation had previously been given by Marx in the economic manuscript of 1857-58 (see present edition, Vol. 29, p. 236).—348

[190] Cf. the corresponding passage in the economic manuscript of 1857-58 (present edition, Vol. 29, p. 227).—348

[191] The quotation from the book by J. D. Tuckett is taken from the economic manuscript of 1857-58 (see present edition, Vol. 29, p. 230).—349

[195] Cf. p. I — 23 of the manuscript (present edition, Vol. 30, p. 46).—355

[198] Cf. the analysis of Ricardo's example on pp. XIII — 735-736 of the manuscript (present edition, Vol. 32, pp. 179-81).—363

[199] T h e report in question was delivered on December 7, 1859, and published in The Journal of the Society of Arts, and of the Institutions in Union, December 9, 1859, pp. 53-61. Here Marx quotes from the account of this report, "Agricultural Progress and Wages", published in The Economist, January 21, 1860, p. 64, in the "Agriculture" column.—365

[202] See Th. Hodgskin, Popular Political Economy..., London, 1827, p. 72. Notebook IX of excerpts, compiled in London in 1851, contains the following: "In 1826, the various machinery used in manufacturing cotton enabled 1 man to perform the work of 150. Now 280,000 men are supposed to be employed in it, whereas half a century ago 42,000,000 were required."—374

[206] See Marx's letter to Engels of January 28, 1863 (present edition, Vol. 41, pp. 449-51). This letter sets out in generalised form what Marx wrote on the first thirty pages of Notebook XIX. The most probable direct reason for this description of the essential differences between a tool and a machine was his study of Richard Jones' views.—387

[207] Marx is most likely referring to the statements made by Charles Hutton in his book A Course of Mathematics, London, 1841, p. 810, and also by Francis Wayland in The Elements of Political Economy, Boston, 1843, p. 61 et seq.—389

[214] T h e manuscript continues with notes later crossed out by Marx: "VII) SILK FACTORIES "a) SPINNING AND WEAVING." There follow a number of figures. Adjacent to "Silk Factories" is the reference "(on the next page)". It is on this basis that the text has been rearranged.—432

[216] Marx is referring here to the Crimean War of 1853-56, waged by Russia against Turkey, from 1854 also against Britain and France, and from 1855 against Sardinia for domination in the Middle East.—439

[218] Acta Lipsiensia (Leipzig Chronicles) was the unofficial name of the Acta Eruditorum (Scholars' Chronicles), the first German scientific journal, which was published in Leipzig between 1682 and 1782 (in Latin).—445

[223] The edition Marx used has not been identified. The first edition of Hutton's book came out in 1798-1801. Marx referred to the elements of machines named by Hutton on the front cover of Notebook I of his manuscript of 1861-63.—483