Name Index

A

Alhazen (Abu Ali AI-Hasan Ibn Alhasan) (965-c. 1039)—Arab scholar, famous for his works on geometry, optics, medicine and philosophy.—405

Anne (1665-1714)—Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1702-14).—21

Appold, John George (1800-1865) — English engineer and inventor.—455, 456 Archimedes (c. 287-212 B.C.)—Greek mathematician and mechanical engineer.—399, 402, 457

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)—Greek philosopher.— 71

Arkwright, Sir Richard (1732-1792)— English industrialist, invented the cotton-spinning machine named after him.—350, 352

Augustus (Gains Julius Caesar Oc-tavianus) (63 B.C.-A.D. 14)—Roman Emperor (27 B.C.-A.D. 14).—394, 395

B

Babbage, Charles (1792-1871)—English mathematician, mechanical engineer and economist.—140, 153, 350, 351, 352, 388

Bacon, Roger (c. 1214-c. 1294)—English philosopher and scientist.—405

Baker, Robert—factory inspector in Britain.—475, 476

Barker—English mechanical engineer of the 18th century, inventor of a water-mill.— 399

Barlee—founder of a seamstresses' association in London.—350

Barlow, A.— English inventor.—411

Barry, Sir David (1780-1835)—English physician and physiologist.—489

Baynes, John—member of the Blackburn municipal council, in 1857 delivered two lectures on cotton trade and then had them published.—474

Beckmann, Johann (1739-1811)— German scholar, author of a number of works on economics and technology.—407

Belisarius (Belisar) (c. 505-565)—a general of the Byzantine emperor Jus-tinian I.—396

Bell, Henry (1767-1830)—Scottish engineer and inventor.—449

Bernier, François (1625-1688)—French physician, traveller and writer.—357

Bernoulli, Daniel (1700-1782)—Swiss mathematician and physicist, founder

35-613 of theoretical hydrodynamics and creator of the kinetic theory of gases; Johann Bernoulli's son.—398, 401

Bernoulli, Johann (1667-1748)—Swiss mathematician and physicist.—398, 401

Blake, William (end of the 18th-c. middle of the 19th cent.)—English economist, wrote on money circulation and poverty.—92

Boileau or Boilesve, Etienne (c. 1200-c. 1270)—mayor of Paris, compiler of Livre des métiers, in which he sys-tematised guild regulations for Parisian artisans.—406

Bossut, Charles (1730-1814)—French mathematician, author of several fundamental works on the theory and history of mathematics.— 398

Bo(u)lton, Matthew ( 1728-1809)— English engineer and manufacturer.— 449, 500 Brunei, Sir Marc Isambard (1769-1849)—English engineer and inventor, French by birth.—453

Buchanan, David (1779-1848)—English journalist and economist, follower and commentator of Adam Swith.— 324

C

Caesar, Gaius Julius (c. 100-44 B.C.)— Roman general and statesman.—394

Carbutt— 496

Carey, Henry Charles (1793-1879)— American vulgar economist, believed in harmony of class interests in capitalist society.—108, 151, 346, 348, 349

Cassini, Giovanni Domenico (Jean-Domenique) (1625-1712)—French astronomer of Italian descent, the first director of the Paris Observatory.— 399

Cawley (Calley), John—one of the inven-tors of the steam engine in England.—446

Chalmers, Thomas (1780-1847)— Scottish Protestant theologian, economist, follower of Malthus.— 114

Charlemagne (Charles the Great, Charles I) (742-814)—King of the Franks (768-800) and Emperor of the Romans (800-814).—17 Charles II (1630-1685)—King of Great Britain and Ireland (1660-85).—21

Cherbuliez, Antoine Elisée (1797-1869) — Swiss economist, tried to combine Sismondi's doctrine with elements of the Ricardian theory.—78, 106, 285-88, 292-98, 300, 303-04, 318-19, 373, 375 Child, Sir Josiah (Josias) (1630-1699)— English economist, banker, and merchant, mercantilist; President of the Court of Directors of the East India Company (1681-83 and 1686-88).— 22, 224 Cicero (Marcus Tullius Cicero) (106-43 B.C.)—Roman statesman, orator and philosopher.— 394 Claussen, Pieter—Belgian inventor of the circular loom.—411

Cobden, Richard (1804-1865)—English manufacturer, a leader of the Free Traders and founder of the Anti-Corn Law League.—209

Copernicus, Nicolaus (Mikolaj Kopernik) (1473-1543)—Polish astronomer, founder of the heliocentric theory.— 442 Corbet, Thomas (19th cent.)—English economist, follower of Ricardo.— 240, 241, 250

Cot« (Caus), Salomon de (1576-1626)— French engineer and architect.—397

Crompton, Samuel (1753-1827)—English inventor of the mule machine.—453

Culpeper, Sir Thomas (1578-1662)— English economist, mercantilist.—22

Cunard, Sir Samuel (1787-1865)— British merchant and shipowner, founder of a shipping company which ran a postal service between Britain and the USA.—449 D

Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mandé (1787-1851)—French painter and de-corator, inventor of the diorama and the daguerreotype.—457

D'Alembert, Jean Le Rond (1717-1783)— French philosopher and mathematician, Encyclopaedist and leading figure of the French Enlightenment.— 398, 401

Darwin, Charles Robert (1809-1882)— English naturalist, founder of the theory of natural selection of species —387, 388

Deparcieix, Antoine (1703-1768)— French designer, mathematician and physi.ist.—399

De Quincey, Thomas (1785-1859)— English writer and economist, corn-men :ator of Ricardo's works.—492

Didot, Saint-Leger (1767-1829)—French inventor of the paper-making machine.—453

Dombaüe, Christophe Joseph Alexandre Mathieu de (1777-1843)—French ag-ronomist.—104

Du Host—18-century French designer.—399

E

Ellikott, Thomas (b. 1777)—American industrialist and financier.— 399, 402

Enfer— French inventor.—456

Epicuru- (c. 341-c. 270 B.C.)—Greek materialist philosopher, atheist.—12, 20

Ericsson, John (1803-1889)—American engineer of Swedish descent, inventor of the heat engine.—410

Euler, Leonhard (1707-1783)—Swiss mathematician, physicist and expert in mechanics, worked at the !>t. Petersbu-g (1727-41 and 1766-S3) and Berlin (1741-66) Academies of Sciences.—398, 401, 404

Evans, Oliver (1755-1819)—American engineer and inventor.—396, 448

Everet (Everett)—18th-century English inventor.—408

F

Fairbairn, Sir William (1789-1874)— Scottish engineer, owner of a factory in Manchester.—363, 451

Faulhaber, Johann (1580-1635)— German mathematician and engineer.—397

Fourier, François Marie Charles (1772-1837)—French Utopian socialist.— 442, 497

Frederick I (Barbarossa or Redbeard) (c. 1123-1190)—King of Germany from 1152, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (1155-90).—399, 400, 406 Frederick II (1194-1250)—King of Sici-ly since 1208; King of Germany since 1212, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (1220-50).—406

Fullarton, John (1780-1849)—British economist, wrote on money circulation and credit, opposed the quantitative theory of money.—105, 112

Fulton, Robert (1765-1815)—American engineer and inventor; designed and built early steamboats.—448

G

Galilei, Galileo (1564-1642)—Italian physicist and astronomer, founder of mechanics.—405

Garforth, W. J.—English inventor.—452

George III (1738-1820)—King of Great Britain and Ireland (1760-1820).— 223

Gilbart, James William (1794-1863)— British banker and economist, wrote a number of works on banking.—21

GiUott, Joseph (1799-1873)—English manufacturer.—413

35* Greenhow, Edward Headlam (1814-1888)—English physician, author of a number of works on medicine.— 475

Gumey, Sir Golds-worthy (1793-1875)— English inventor and designer.—455

H

Haller, Karl Ludwig von (1768-1854)— Swiss lawyer and historian.—394

Henry VIII (1491-1547)—King of England (1509-47) and Ireland (from 1541).—21

Hobhouse, John Cam, 1st Baron Brough-ton (1786-1869)—British statesman, M. P.—492

Hodgskin, Thomas (1787-1869)— English economist and journalist; Utopian socialist, drew socialist con-clusions from the Ricardian theory.— 7, 253-55, 366, 374

Homer—British stocking manufacturer in Leicestershire (1859).—349

Hook (Hooke), Robert (1635-1703)— English naturalist, mathematician and physicist.—405

Hopkins, Thomas—English economist of the early 19th century.— 324

Homer, Leonard (1785-1864)—English geologist and public figure, factory inspector (1833-56), member of the Factories Inquiry Commission in 1833 and of the Children's Employment Commission in 1841; took the side of the workers.—470-73

Hutton, Charles (1737-1823)—English mathematician.—483

J

Jacquard, Joseph Marie (1752-1834)— French inventor of a power-loom for the manufacture of silk.— 411, 453

James I (1566-1625) — King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1603-25).—21

Jansen (Janse), Zacharias (c. 1580)— Dutch optician.—405

Jones, Richard (1790-1855)—English economist, adherent of classical bourgeois political economy.—75, 82, 104, 112, 320-47, 352-59, 364-71

Joynson, W.— English manufacturer.— 418

Jürgens, Johann—16th-century German inventor.—408

K

Kay-Shuttleworth, Sir James Phillips (1804-1877)—British politician, physician in a poor district of Manchester.—494

Kepler, Johannes (1571-1630)—German astronomer.—-405, 442

Kincaid, Sir John (1787-1862)—British official, inspector of prisons (from 1847) and of factories (from 1850) in Scotland.—471, 473

L

La Hire, Philippe de (1640-1718)— French astronomer, physicist, mathematician and artist.—399

Lambert, Johann Heinrich (Jean Henri) (1728-1777)—German mathematician, astronomer and philosopher, French by birth.—399

Lauderdale, James Maitland, 8th Earl of (1759-1839)—British politician and economist, criticised Adam Smith's theory.—223

Leduc, Pierre Etienne Denis, called Saint-Germain-Leduc (b. 1799)—French writer and journalist.—350

Lee, William (d. 1610?)—English inventor of the hosiery knitter.—409

Leigh-— 476

Lewis, Sir George Cornewall (1806-1863)—British statesman, Whig; Secretary to the Treasury (1850-52), Chancellor of the Exchequer (1855-58), Home Secretary (1859-61), Secretary for War (1861-63).—350

Lister (Masham, Samuel Cunliffe Lister, Baron) (1815-1906)—English manufacturer and inventor.—467

Livingston, Robert R. (1746-1813)— American statesman, farmer and inventor.—448

Louis IX (Saint) (1214-1270)—King of France (1226-70).—406 Luther, Martin (1483-1546)—leader of the Reformation, founder of Protes-tantism (Lutheranism) in Germany, ideologist of the German burghers.— 7, 72

M

Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Baron (1800-1859)—English historian and politician, Whig, M.P.—471

M(a)cCulloch (M'Culloch), John Ramsay (1789-1864)—Scottish economist, vulgarised David Ricardo's doctrine.—76, 214, 241

Macnab, Henry Grey (1761 or 1762-1823)—English journalist, adherent and populariser of Robert Owen's ideas.—352

Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766-1834)— English clergyman and economist, founder of a theory of population.— 70, 71, 73, 76, 100, 103, 113-14, 128, 223, 244, 253, 258, 278, 333, 345, 346

Manley, Thomas (1628-1690)—English writer and economist, mercantilist.— 22

Mare, C. J.—English manufacturer.— 450 Mariotte, Edme (c. 1620-1684)—French

physicist.—398, 401 Martin—French inventor.—399

Maudslay, Henry (1771-1831)—English engineer, inventor and manufacturer.—453

Mill, James (1773-1836)—British historian, economist and positivist philosopher, follower of Ricardo's theory.—76, 259, 319

Mithridates VI Eupater (132-63 B.C.)— King of Pontus.—394

Morton, John Chalmers (1821-1888)— English agronomist.—365, 443

Müller, Adam Heinrich, Ritter von Nitter-dorf (1779-1829)—German journalist and economist, representative of the so-called Romantic school, which expressed the interests of the feudal aristoracy.— 225

Murdoch, William (1754-1839)— Scottish engineer and inventor.—449

N

Nancarrow, John—English mathematician.—404

Napier, David (1790-1869)—Scottish inventor and marine engineer.— 449

Nasmyth, James (1808-1890)—Scottish engineer and inventor.—450, 451, 470

Newcomen, Thomas (1663-1729)—one of the English inventors of the steam engine.—446

Newman, Samuel Phillips (1797-1842)— American philologist and economist.—239

Newton, Sir Isaac (1643-1727)—English physicist, astronomer and mathematician.—398, 401

O

Oersted, Hans Christian (1777-1851)— Danish physicist.—457, 462

Owen, Robert (1771-1858)—English Utopian socialist.—491 P

Papin, Denis (1647-1714)—French physicist, an inventor of the steam engine.—446

Parent, Antoine (1666-1716)—French inventor, mathematician and physicist.—399

Peel, Sir Robert (1750-1830)—English cotton manufacturer, Tory M.P.— 496

Peel, Sir Robert (1788-1850)—British statesman, moderate Tory, Home Secretary (1822-27 and 1828-30), Prime Minister (1834-35 and 1841-46).—493

Pindar (Pindaros) (c. 522-c. 442 B.C.)— Greek poet, wrote triumphal odes.— 496

Pinto, Isaac (1715-1787)—Dutch stock-jobber and economist.—241

Pitot, Henri (1695-1771)—French mathematician, physicist and hyd-rodynamical engineer.— 399

Pitt, William (1759-1806)—British statesman, a Tory leader, Prime Minister (1783-1801 and 1804-06).— 71, 223, 224

Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus) (A.D. 23 or 24-79)—Roman scholar, author of Natural History in 37 volumes.—407

Poleni, Giovanni (1683-1761)—Italian mathematician, astronomer and hyd-rodynamical engineer.—398

Poppe, Johann Heinrich Moritz von (1776-1854)—German scholar, author of a number of works on the history of technology.— 393, 394, 396, 403-07

Potter, Humphry—English worker, improved Newcomen's steam engine.— 446

Price, Richard (1723-1791)—English radical journalist, economist and philosopher.—71, 222-25

R

Raguet, Condy (19th cent.)—American economist.—371

Ramazzini, Bernardino (1633-1714)— Italian physician, generalised and sys-tematised data on occupational dis-eases.—407

Ramsay, Sir George (1800-1871)— English economist, one of the last classical bourgeois political economists.—73, 103, 255-66, 268, 273-74, 276, 278-84, 286-87, 293, 332, 344-45

Ravenstone, Piercy (d. 1830)—English Ricardian economist; opponent of Malthus; upheld the workers' interests.—7, 381

Reaumur, René Antoine Ferchault de (1683-1757)—French physicist and naturalist.—407

Redgrave, Alexander—English inspector of factories.—471, 472, 474, 475

Renner, Georg (16th cent.)—German inventor.—404

Ricardo, David (1772-1823)—English economist.—7, 33, 34, 64, 76, 101, 108, 112, 114, 144,231,253,262,265, 277, 278, 299, 302, 303, 319, 322-27, 329, 346, 363, 367, 482, 492

Robinson (Robison), John (1739-1805)— Scottish mathematician, physicist and inventor.—448

Röscher, Wilhelm Georg Friedrich (1817-1894)—German economist, founder of the historical school in political economy.—333, 351

Rothschilds—dynasty of bankers with banks in many European countries.— 369

Ryder, W.—English manufacturer and inventor.—451

S

Savery, Thomas (c. 1650-1715)—English engineer, an inventor of the steam engine.—446 Say, Jean Baptiste (1767-1832)—French economist, one of the founders of the theory of "three production factors", an apologia of capitalist exploitation.—76, 82, 482

Segner, Johann Andreas von (Jdnos An-dreis) (1704-1777)—German physicist and mathematician, Hungarian by birth.—399

Senior, Nassau William (1790-1864)— English economist, vulgarised Ricardo's theory, opposed shortening the working day.—73, 74, 332, 378 Shaw, Peter (1694-1763)—English physicist, physician and writer.— 407 Sismondi, Jean Charles Léonard Simonde

de (1773-1842)—Swiss historian and economist, representative of economic romanticism.—71, 108, 285, 303, 304, 318-19, 324, 341, 346

Smith, Adam (1723-1790)—Scottish economist, one of the founders of classical bourgeois political economy.—19, 20, 64, 92, 93, 102, 103, 104, 108, 130, 213-16, 223-24, 263, 265, 278, 302, 330, 333, 343, 346, 354, 363, 366, 404, 489, 497

Spinola, Ambrosio, Marquis of Balbases (1569-1630)—Spanish general, Italian by birth.—397

Stephenson, George (1781-1848)— English engineer, one of the inven-tors of the steam locomotive.—448, 449

Steuart, Sir James, afterwards Denham (1712-1780)—Scottish economist, one of the last representatives of mercan-tilism.—20, 21, 320

Storch, Heinrich Friedrich von (1766-1835)—Russian economist, statisti-cian and historian, German by birth.—82, 279

Strutt, Jedediah (Anthony) (1726-1797)— English inventor and manufacturer.—498

T

Targone, Pompeo (late 16th-early 17th cent.)—Italian engineer, architect and jeweller.—397

Taunton—editor of Midland Express in Leicestershire (1859).—349

Titus—see Vespasian (Titus Flavius Ves-pasianus)

Tooke, Thomas (1774-1858)—English economist, adherent of the classical school in political economy.—172, 214-17

Torrens, Robert (1780-1864)—English economist, vulgarised Ricardo's theory.—73, 74, 82, 103

Trevithick, Richard (1771-1833)— English inventor, designer of the first steam locomotive.—448, 449 Tuckett, John Debell (d. 1864)—English journalist.—348, 349

Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, baron de

VAune (1727-1781)—French economist and statesman, Physiocrat, Controller-General of Finance (1774-76).—72, 355, 394

U

Vre, Andrew (1778-1857)—English chemist and economist, Free Trader.—363, 410, 412, 441, 489, 490, 494, 496-501

V

Vespasian (Titus Flavius Vespasianus) (9-79)—Roman Emperor (69-79).— 492

Vidal, François (1814-1872)—French economist, petty-bourgeois socialist, supporter of Louis Blanc.—240

Vitruvius (Marcus Vitruvius Pollio) (1st cent. B.C.)—Roman architect, engineer and writer.— 394 448, 449

W

Wakefield, Edward Gibbon (1796-1862)—English journalist, statesman and economist, author of a theory of colonisation.—72, 347

Waring, William—English inventor.— 399

Warwick, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and Salisbury ("the Kingmaker") (1428-1471)—English feudal lord;

Heracles (Hercules) (Gr. and Rom. Myth.)—son of Zeus, famous for his strength and courage.—497

Moses (Bib.)—400

(1455-85).—335

Watt, James (1736-1819)—Scottish engineer, inventor of the steam engine.—352, 445-50, 453, 500

Wayland, Francis (1796-1865)— American clergyman and economist, author of popular textbooks on ethics and political economy.—130

Williams, Philip—English inventor.— 399

Woolf, Arthur (1766-1837)—English engineer and inventor.—447

Sisyphus (Gr. Myth.)—King of Corinth, for cheating the gods was condemned to push a rock to the top of a hill, from which it constandy rolled down again.—494

INDEX OF LITERARY AND MYTHOLOGICAL NAMES