Marne Index
NAME INDEX
A
Adler, Emma (née Braun) (1858-1935)—Victor Adler's wife.—87-88, 223, 331, 359, 500, 502, 503, 511, 540, 548
Adler, Victor (1852-1918) — a leader of Austrian Social-Democrats, correspond-ed with Engels in 1889-95, editor of the Arbeiter-Leitung, delegate to the international socialist workers' congresses of 1889, 1891 and 1893.—5, 24, 55, 69, 71-73, 87-89, 103, 117, 118, 126, 129, 206-07, 220, 221, 226, 229, 232, 236, 253, 287, 299, 331, 335, 359-61, 389, 419-20, 423, 427, 500-02, 503, 510-14, 539-41, 547, 548
Ahlwardt, Hermann (1846-1914) — German journalist and politician, deputy to the Reichstag (1892-1903); author of the anti-Semitic pamphlet Neue Enthüllungen. Judenflinten. — 448
Albert (pseudonym of Martin, Alexandre) (1815-1895) — French worker, a leader of secret revolutionary societies during the July monarchy; member of
the Provisional Government (1848).— 516
Albert Victor Christian Edward, Duke of Clarence and Avondale and Earl of Ath-lone (1864-1892) —Queen Victoria's grandson.— 347
Alexander HI (1845-1894)— Emperor of Russia (1881-94).—92, 228, 235, 244, 257, 270, 289, 292, 295, 298, 307, 374, 375, 472
Alexandra (1844-1925) — daughter of King Christian IX of Denmark; wife (from 1863) of Prince of Wales (King Edward VII of England from 1901); mother of Duke of Clarence.— 347
Allemane, Jean (1843-1935) — French socialist; printer; member of the Paris Commune, served a penal sentence after its suppression, was granted an amnesty in 1880; Possibilist in the 1880s, leader (1890) of the semi-anarchist syndicalist Parti ouvrier socialiste révolutionnaire, which separated from the Possibilists.—47, 51, 74, 98, 193, 224, 229 Annie — Engels' housemaid.— 92, 124, 146, 155
Anseele, Edouard ( 1856-1938) — Belgian socialist, a founder and leader of the Parti ouvrier belge, was active in the cooperative movement, journalist, a Vice-President of the International Socialist Workers' Congress of 1889.— 74
Anzengruber, Ludwig (1839-1889) Austrian playwright and man of letters.—450, 501
Argyriades, Panayottis {Paul) (1849-1901 ) — French socialist, Blanquist, lawyer and journalist, native of Macedo-nia; publisher of the annual Almanack de la Question Sociale, delegate to the international socialist workers' congresses of 1891 and 1893.—282, 401, 411, 472-73
Arndt, Paul — German journalist, Paris correspondent of the Vorwärts newspaper in the 1890s, member of the Blanquist Comité Révolutionnaire Central.— 544
Audorf, Jacob (1835-1898)—German Social-Democrat, Lassallean, mechanic, later journalist and poet; a founder of the General Association of German Workers (1863), author of the Lied der deutschen Arbeiter (so-called Arbeiter-Marseillaise) (1864) which extolled Lassalle; an editor of the Hamburger Echo in 1887-98.—180, 316
Auer, Ignaz (1846-1907) — German Social-Democrat, saddlemaker, a leader of the Social-Democratic Party, was repeatedly elected to the Reichstag.— 266, 267, 273
August — see Bebel, Ferdinand August
Aveling, Edward Bibbins (1851-1898) — English journalist, socialist; a translator of Volume I of Capital into English; member of the Social Democratic Federation from 1884, later a founder of the Socialist League,
an organiser of mass movement of the unskilled workers and unemployed in the late 1880s-early 1890s, delegate to the international socialist workers' congresses of 1889, 1891 and 1893; Eleanor Marx's husband.— 10, 23, 29, 32-33, 41, 44, 52, 71, 72, 87, 98, 108, 110, 120, 123, 124, 126-27, 131, 138, 140, 150, 155, 159, 166, 167, 184-86, 189, 191, 193, 219, 225, 227, 232, 237-38, 248-49, 251, 252, 265, 274, 313, , 322-23, 326, 330, 331, 332, 333, 336, 338, 347, 349, 357-58, 366, 367, 369, 372, 380, 386, 398, 399, 402, 403, 411, 435, 437, 438, 448, 449, 482-84, 495-97, 515, 516, 521, 523, 526, 531, 540, 542, 545, 546, 552, 559, 561
Aveling, Eleanor— see Marx-Aveling, Eleanor
B
Bachofen, Johann Jacob (1815-1887) — Swiss historian and lawyer, author of Das Mutterrecht.— 201, 202, 204
Baginsky, Richard— German Social-Democrat, member of the Jungen opposition group, a leader of the Union of Independent Socialists (1891-94).—497
Bahlmann, Ignatz Bernhard Maria — German public figure, sided with the Social-Democratic Party, man of means.— 14
Bakunin, Mikhail Alexandrovich (1814-1876) — Russian democrat, journalist, took part in the 1848-49 revolution in Germany; an ideologist of Narodism (Populism) and anarchism in later years, opposed Marxism in the First International, was expelled from the International at the Hague Congress of 1872 for his splitting activities.— 265, 300
Banes, G.— English Conservative M. P.
(1886-92), candidate at the parliamentary elections of 1892.— 471
Banner, Robert—Scottish socialist, member of the Fabian Society, founder of the Edinburgh branch of the Social Democratic Federation (1882).— 515
Banting, William (1797-1878) — English entrepreneur, the author of A Letter on Corpulence, Addressed to the Public, which was first published in 1863 and then went through several editions; system of diet recommended in it is known as 'banting'.— 166
Baring Brothers and C°— an English banking-house.—92-93
Barondess, Joseph (1867-1928) — American Jewish labour organiser and Zionist leader.— 264
Barth, Ernst Emil Paul (1858-1922)—German philosopher, sociologist and pedagogue, taught at Leipzig University from 1890.—7, 8, 63, 213, 286
Bax, Ernest Belfort (1854-1926) — English socialist, historian, philosopher and journalist; was among the first to disseminate Marxism in England; Left-wing activist of the Social Democratic Federation, a founder of the Socialist League; was on friendly terms with Engels from 1883.— 211, 434, 448, 449, 475, 484, 493, 494, 497
Bebel, Ferdinand August (1840-1913) — a leading figure in the German and international working-class movement, turner; President of the Union of German Workers' Associations from 1867; member of the First International, deputy to the Reichstag from 1867, a founder ( 1869) and leader of the Social-Democratic Workers' Party, opposed the Lassalleans, took an internationalist stand during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, came out in support of the Paris Commune, friend and associate of Marx and Engels.— 5,
11, 20, 22, 25, 29, 40, 42, 47, 54-56, 64, 73, 76, 77, 89, 107, 116, 118, 129-32, 134, 142, 145, 146, 157-58, 164, 166, 174, 175-84, 200, 201, 216, 220, 226, 229, 232, 236, 239, 242-49, 252-59, 265-72, 282, 287, 291-96, 299, 301-03, 306-12, 315, 316, 333, 335, 336, 343-47, 348, 362-66, 372-77, 386-88, 395, 397-98, 401, 412-13, 415, 420, 423, 427-28, 430-32, 434, 436, 445-50, 458-61, 464-65, 467-69, 479-81, 490-91, 495-98, 502-04, 505, 507, 509-12, 515, 519, 521-25, 529, 533, 542-47, 549, 553, 557, 563
Bebel, Frieda — see Simon, Frieda
Bebel, Johanna Caroline Julie (1843-1910)—August Bebel's wife.— 157, 184, 249, 254, 272, 303, 310, 346, 365, 377-79, 388, 397, 450, 461, 465, 469, 481, 491, 498, 504, 525, 547
Beesly, Edward Spencer (1831-1915)—British historian and politician, Radical, positivist philosopher, professor at London University, supported the International and the Paris Commune in 1870-71.—510
Bère — French politician, moderate republican.—269, 277
Bernstein, Eduard (1850-1932)— German Social-Democrat, journalist, editor of the Sozialdemokrat (1881-90), contributor to Die Neue £eit (the 1890s), after Engels' death came out with the reformist revision of Marxism (second half of the 1890s).—5, 7, 12, 26, 30, 41, 44, 47, 48, 55, 63, 98, 108, 115, 118, 138, 150, 155, 184, 189, 191, 199-201, 203-05, 232, 240, 246, 247, 253, 274, 287, 310, 313, 316, 321, 324, 326, 331, 333, 347, 375, 411, 418, 424, 435, 445, 462, 474-76, 481-82, 497, 499, 502, 514, 517, 528, 530-33, 543, 552, 553, 559
Bernstein, Regina (Gine) (née %adek; Schattner by her first husband) — Eduard Bernstein's wife.—184, 189, 232, 274, 313, 326, 411, 418, 424, 445, 462, 476, 481-82, 498-99, 530-33, 552
Besant, Annie (1847-1933) —English bourgeois-radical politician; member of the Fabian Society and the Social Democratic Federation in the 1880s, withdrew from the socialist movement in the 1890s, headed the London Theosophical Society from 1891 .J— 175, 237, 274
Bethmann — banker in Frankfurt-am-Main.— 262
Beust, Anna von (née Lipka) (1827-1900) — Frederick Engels' cousin, Friedrich von Beust's wife.— 479, 505
Beust, Friedrich von (1817-1899) — Prussian army officer, took part in the 1849 Baden-Palatinate uprising, emigrated to Switzerland, member of the local Zurich section of the International, professor of pedagogics.— 479, 505
Bigeault, P.—91
Bismarck-Schönhausen, Otto, Prince von (1815-1898)—statesman of Prussia and Germany, diplomat, Ambassador to St Petersburg (1859-62) and Paris (1862), Prime Minister of Prussia (1862-72, 1873-90), Chancellor of the North German Confederation (1867-71) and of the German Empire (1871-90), carried through the unification of Germany, introduced the Anti-Socialist Law in 1878.— 47, 84, 94, 121, 123, 135, 162, 173, 255, 278, 297, 307, 330, 378, 383, 464
Blank, Rudolf—Frederick Engels' relative.—340
Blanqui, Louis Auguste (1805-1881) — French revolutionary, Utopian communist; organised several secret societies and plots, sided with the extreme Left of the democratic and workers' movement during the 1848
revolution, sentenced to imprisonment several times.—520, 524, 533, 544, 547
Blatchford, Robert Peel Glanville (1851-1943) — English socialist, journalist; an editor of the Workman's Times, The Clarion and other workers' newspapers, a founder and leader of the Independent Labour Party (1893).—329
Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna (née Hahn)
(pen-name Radda Baj) (1831-1891) — Russian authoress, lived in New York from 1873, founded theosophical societies in various countries.— 175
Bloch, Joseph (1871-1936)—student at Berlin University in the early 1890s, journalist, publisher and editor of the
Sozialistische Monatshefte (from 1897).—33-37
Blondeau — French soldier, Marie Blondeau's brother.— 293
Blondeau, Marie ( 1873(4?}-1891 ) — French working girl shot dead by the government troops during the May Day demonstration at Fourmies. — 293
Bios, Wilhelm (1849-1927) —German Social-Democrat, journalist and historian; an editor of Der Volksstaat (1872-74), deputy to the Reichstag (1877-78, 1881-87, 1890-1907), belonged to the Right wing of its Social-Democratic group, an editor of the Vorwärts in the 1890s.— 247
Blowitz, Henri Georges Stephan Adolphe Opper de (1825-1903)—French journalist, Austrian by birth; Paris correspondent of The Times from 1871.— 293
Blume, G.— German Social-Democrat, Chairman of the Congress of the Free Registered Mutual Aid Banks held in Berlin on 8-11 December 1890.—99
Boelling — see Engels, Hedwig Boenigk, Otto, Baron von — German public figure.—18-20
Boisguillebert, Pierre le Pesant, sieur de
(1646-1714)—French economist, predecessor of the Physiocrats, founder of classical bourgeois political economy in France.—141, 383
Bonald, Louis Gabriel Ambroise, vicomte de
(1754-1840) — French politician and writer, monarchist, an ideologist of aristocratic and clerical reaction during the Restoration.— 549
Bonaparte — see Napoleon I
Bonnemains, Marguerite de (née Rouget)
(d. 1891)—Boulanger's sweetheart.— 252
Bonnier, Charles (b. 1863) — French socialist, journalist, active member of the Workers' Party; lived in England for a long time, contributed to the socialist press, took part in preparations for the international socialist workers' congresses of 1889 and 1891, delegate to the congresses of 1891 and 1893.—23, 24, 29, 30, 40, 116, 221, 229, 402, 411, 471, 517, 518, 561
Boulanger, Georges Ernest Jean Marie (1837-1891) —French general, War Minister (1886-87), strove to establish military dictatorship in France.— 22, 30, 162, 183, 252, 254, 289-92, 381, 400
Bovio, Giovanni (1841-1903)— Italian idealist philosopher and politician, republican and anti-clerical, M. P. from 1876, professor at Naples University.— 354, 361, 365, 380, 388
Bracke, Wilhelm (1842-1880) — German Social-Democrat, journalist, publisher of socialist literature in Brunswick; a founder (1869) and leader of the Social-Democratic Workers' Party (Eisenachers), deputy to the Reichstag (1877-79).—129
Bradlaugh, Charles (1833-1891) — English journalist and politician,
radical; editor of The National Reformer weekly.—120, 126, 131, 248, 249
Braun, Adolf (1862-1929)—German Social-Democrat, journalist, took part in the working-class movement in Germany and Austria-Hungary, an editor of the Vorwärts and other German and Austrian Social-Democratic newspapers in the 1890s, author of several works on the trade union movement.— 126, 129
Braun, Heinrich ( 1854-192 7 ) — German Social-Democrat, journalist, a founder of Die Neue Zßit, editor of the Archiv für soziale Gesetzgebung und Statistik and other publications.— 7, 552
Brentano, Lujo (Ludwig Joseph) (1844-1931) —German economist; one of the major representatives of armchair socialism.—25-26, 85, 90, 93, 95, 103, 141, 146, 148, 158, 163, 172
Brett—English wine merchant.— 37
Bright, John ( 1811 -1889) — English manufacturer and politician, a leader of the Free Traders and founder of the Anti-Corn Law League; M. P. (from 1843), leader of the Left wing of the Liberal Party from the early 1860s, held several ministerial posts.— 459
Brissac, Henri (1826-1906) — French socialist, journalist, member of the Paris Commune, was exiled to New Caledonia after its defeat, returned to France after amnesty in 1879, member of the French Workers' Party.— 396
Brousse, Paul Louis Marie (1844-1912) — French socialist; physician; took part in the Paris Commune, sided with the anarchists, member of the French Workers' Party from 1879, a leader of the Possibilists.— 46-47, 52, 53, 56, 74, 97-99, 108, 155-56, 224, 229, 269, 324, 333, 381, 449
Buffenoir, Hippolyte François Philibert (1847-1928) — French journalist and writer, contributed to the Vorwärts in the 1870s.—162
Bunte, Friedrich — German Social-Democrat, a leader of the Ruhr miners' strike in 1889.— 448
Burgess, Joseph (pseudonym Autolycus) (b. 1853) — prominent figure in the English working-class movement, knit-ter; an editor of The Workman's Times newspaper in 1891-94, a founder of the Independent Labour Party (1893).— 404, 494, 508, 529, 532, 542, 545, 560
Burleigh — workers' candidate for Glasgow at the parliamentary elections in 1892.—468
Burns, John Elliott (1858-1943) — prominent figure in the English working-class movement, a leader of the New Trade Unions in the 1880s, leader of the London dockers' strike ( 1889), adopted the liberal trade union stand in the 1890s, M. P. from 1892, held ministerial posts in Liberal cabinets. — 77, 190, 225, 323, 333, 335, 461, 466, 468, 471, 475, 494, 529, 532, 546, 557
Burns, Lydia (Lizzy, Lizzie) (1827-1878) — Irish working woman, Frederick Engels' second wife.— 334, 378
Burrows, Herbert (1845-1922) — English official, radical, a founder of the Social Democratic Federation, organised the trade union movement of the unskilled workers in the 1880s-1890s.—175, 207, 208, 219, 237
.Burt, Thomas (1837-1922) — English miner, prominent figure in the English trade union movement, secretary of the Northumberland Miners' Association, delegate to international miners' congresses, M.P. (1874-1918), secretary of the Board of Trade.—429
Byford, William — treasurer of the National Gas Workers and General Labour-
ers Union of Great Britain and Ireland.—557
C
Cahan, Abraham (1860-1951) — American socialist, Russian émigré, edited the New York Jewish workers' newspaper, delegate to the International Socialist Workers' Congress of 1891, wrote several books on the life of Jewish immigrants in the USA.—238, 532
Calonne, Charles Alexandre de (1734-1802) — French statesman, Controller-General of Finance (1783-87), retired after abortive attempts to reduce the deficit of the national budget.— 444
Caprivi, Leo, count of (1831-1899) — German statesman, military figure, general, Chancellor of the German Empire (1890-94).—268, 371, 464
Caria, Gustave (pseudonym Leopold) (b. 1841) —French adventurer, took part in the Paris Commune, was involved in robberies, emigrated to England after the defeat of the Commune, member of the French section of 1871 in London, slandered the participants of the Commune, was expelled for this from the Société des Réfugiés in 1872.— 56
Carnot, Marie François Sadi (1837-1894) — French statesman, moderate republican, held ministerial posts several times, President of the Republic (1887-94).—254, 298
Caron, Charles — French publisher.— 29, 31-32
Carré—owner of a publishing house in Paris.—203
Champion, Henry Hyde (1859-1928) — English socialist, publisher and journalist; member of the Social Democratic Federation till 1887, later a leader of the Labour Electoral Association in London, edited and published the newspaper Labour Elector, emigrated to Australia in the 1890s.— 124, 127, 208, 449, 532
Chassepot, Antoine Alphonse (1833-1905) — French military inventor.— 483
Churchill, Lord Randolph Henry Spencer (1849-1895) —English statesman, a Conservative leader, Secretary of State for India (1885-86), Chancellor of the Exchequer (1886), favoured active colonial policy, opposed Home Rule for Ireland and official party leadership.—181
Clarens, Duke of—see Albert Victor Christian Edward, Duke of Clarence and Avondale and Earl of Athlone
Clemenceau, Georges Benjamin (1841-1929) — French politician and journalist, Radical leader from the 1880s, founded La Justice, premier (1906-09, 1917-20).—191, 281, 290, 292
Clément, Jean Baptiste (1836-1903) — French socialist, Blanquist, poet; member of the Paris Commune, later émigré in England and Belgium, returned to France after the amnesty, Possibilist, turned Allemanist after the split in the party.— 51
Cobden, Richard ( 1804-1865) — English manufacturer and politician, a leader of the Free Traders and founder of the Anti-Corn Law League, M. P.— 459
Colbert, Jean Baptiste (1619-1683) — French statesman, Controller-General of Finance (1665-83), virtually directed France's home and foreign policy.— 383, 441
Conner—delegate to the Trades Union Congress in Glasgow (1892).—534
Conrad, Johannes Ernst (1839-1915)—German economist, professor, publisher of the Handwörterbuch der Staatswissenschaft (1889-94), Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik and
other publications containing economic and Statistical information.— 241
Constans, Jean Antoine Ernest (1833-1913) — French statesman, moderate republican, Home Minister (1880-81, 1889-92).—107, 116, 117, 191-92,215, 220, 234, 254, 255, 259, 288-89, 291-93, 297, 298, 361, 391
Coulombeau — French socialist, member of the French Workers' Party.— 32
Crawford, Emily (née Johnson) (1831-1915) — Irish journalist, Paris correspondent of several English newspapers.—232, 289
Cremer, Sir William Randal ( 1838-1908) — active participant in the British trade union and pacifist movement, reformist, member of the General Council of the International (1864-66) and its General Secretary, opposed revolutionary tactics, Liberal M. P. (1885-95 and 1900-08).—520
Croesel—German refugee in London, took part in the English socialist movement.—333, 504
Croesel—Croesel's wife.— 504
Culine, Hippolyte (b. 1849) — French socialist, secretary of the socialist organisation in Fourmies, sentenced to 6-year imprisonment in 1891, released in 1892, later anarchist.—220
Cunninghame-Graham, Gabrielle [Gabrie-la) Marie (née de la Balmondière) (1859-1906) —Robert Bontine Cunninghame-Graham's wife.— 411
Cunninghame-Graham, Robert Bontine (1852-1936) — English aristocrat, writer, took part in the working-class and socialist movement in the 1880s-90s, M. P., delegate to the International Socialist Workers' Congress of 1889, later active in the Scottish national movement.—77, 189, 190, 192, 376, 468, 471, 557
Cuno, Alphonse.— 247, 253 Cunow, Heinrich Wilhelm Karl (1862-1936) — German Social-Democrat, historian, sociologist and ethnographer.—368
Curran, Peter (Pete) Francis (1860-1910)—prominent figure in the English working-class movement, a leader of new trade unions, took part in the foundation of the Independent Labour Party (1893).—411
D
Dahn, Julius Sophus Felix (1834-1912) —German historian of law, writer, author of works on the history of the early Middle Ages.— 145
Danielson, Nikolai Frantsevich (pseudonym Nikolai —on) (1844-1918) — Russian economist and writer, an ideologist of Narodism (Populism) in the 1880s-90s, translated into Russian volumes I ( together with Hermann Lopatin and Nikolai Lubavin), II and III of Marx's Capital, correspond-ed with Marx and Engels for several years.—228, 230-31, 278-80, 382-85, 440-44, 535-38
Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)— Italian poet.—44, 234
Davitt, Michael (1846-1906) —Irish revolutionary democrat, a founder (1879) and leader of the Land League of Ireland, championed Home Rule for Ireland, M. P. (1895-99), founded and edited The Labour World newspaper (1890-91), member of the Independent Labour Party.—128, 203
Debenham — photographer in London.— 112, 170
Delecluze, Mark Louis Alfred (1857-1923) — French socialist, founded an organisation of the French Workers' Party in Calais (1882), delegate to the international socialist workers' congresses of 1889, 1891 and 1896, later
joined the Fédération des socialistes in-dépendants.— 534, 561
Delory, Gustave Emile (1857-1925) — French socialist, member of the Workers' Party, textile-worker, took active part in the socialist and trade union movement in the department of Nord.— 254
Demuth.— 86
Demulh, Frederick Henry Lewis (1851-1929) — English mechanic, Helene Demuth's son, close friend of Eleanor Marx-Aveling, took an active part in the English working-class movement.— 70
Demuth, Helene (Lenchen, Nim) (1820-1890) — housemaid and devoted friend of the Marx family; after Marx's death lived in the Engels family.— 18, 23, 30, 41, 44, 49, 51-53, 55, 65, 67-71, 73, 81, 82, 120, 125, 219-20, 380, 435
Dépasse, Lucien Hector (1843-1911) — French journalist and writer, moderate republican, member of the Paris City Council (1881, 1884 and 1887).—269, 277, 287, 288
Dervillers, Prudent (1849-1896) — French socialist, Possibilist, tai-lor; member of the Paris City Council (1889), member of the Chamber of Deputies (from 1893).—411
Descarles (Cartesius), René (1596-1650) — French philosopher, mathe-matician and naturalist.— 7
Deville, Gabriel Pierre (1854-1940) — French socialist, member of the French Workers' Party, journalist, author of the popular synopsis of the first volume of Capital and of other works on philosophy, economics and history, withdrew from the working-class movement in the early 1900s.— 23, 29, 32, 333
Dietz, Johann Heinrich Wilhelm (1843-1922) — German book-publisher, Social-Democrat, founded the Social-Democratic publishing house, deputy to the Reichstag from 1881.— 4-5, 50, 74, 76, 89, 91, 95, 107, 118, 119, 134, 136, 199, 210, 220, 254, 273, 299-300, 329, 335, 345, 360, 365, 389, 406-08, 410, 414, 419, 435, 446-47, 453, 507, 511
Dilke, Sir Charles Wentworth (1843-1911) — English politician and writer, republican, a leader of the radical wing of the Liberal Party, M. P., Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs (1880-82), President of the Local Government Board (1882-85).—295, 449
Disraeli, Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield (1804-1881) — British statesman and author, a Tory leader, Chancellor of the Exchequer (1852, 1858-59 and 1866-68) and Prime Minister (1868 and 1874-80).—375, 459
Döblin, Emil (1853-1918)— prominent figure in the German working-class movement, a leader of the compositors' strike in Berlin (1891) and President of the Union of German Book-binders (1888-1918).—323, 559
D'Odiardi, £.— 91
Dreschfeld, Julius — German physician, lived in England from 1883, professor of medicine at Owens College in Manchester.—430, 431
Dronke, Ernst ( 1822-1891 ) — German journalist and writer, 'true socialist', later member of the Communist League, an editor of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung (1848-49), emigrated to Switzerland after the revolution of 1848-49, and later to England, subsequently withdrew from politics.— 296
Duc-Quercy, Albert (1856-1934) —journalist, prominent figure in the French working-class and socialist movement, a founder of the French Workers' Party (1879), took an active
part in major strikes (1885, 1886, 1892).—219
Dühring, Eugen Karl (1833-1921) — German petty-bourgeois socialist, vulgar economist and philosopher whose views were a mixture of ide-alism, vulgar materialism, positivism and metaphysics; also concerned himself with the problems of natural science and literature, a lecturer at Berlin University (1863-77).—36
Dumas, Alexandre (Dumas pire) (1802-1870)—French writer.—501
Dumay, Jean Baptiste (1841-1926) — French mechanic, leader of the Creusot Commune in 1871; sentenced to exile, moved to Switzerland; returned to France after amnesty; member of the Paris City Council from 1887, member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1889, Possibilist.— 193, 320
E
Ede — see Bernstein, Eduard
Edward—see Aveling, Edward
Ellis, Benjamin — English socialist, candidate at the parliamentary elections of 1892.—532
Enders, August (d. 1914) — German Social-Democrat, compositor, manager of the Leipzig party printing house (1888-90), later editor of several Social-Democratic newspapers.— 559
Engels, August (1797-1874)—Frederick Engels' uncle, co-owner of the firm Caspar Engels and Sons in Barmen.— 86
Engels, Benjamin ( 1751 -1820) — brother of Johann Caspar Engels (Frederick Engels' grandfather).— 86
Engels, Caspar (1792-1863) —Frederick
Engels' uncle, manufacturer in Barmen.— 86 Engels, Caspar (1816-1889)— Frederick
Engels' cousin, manufacturer in Barmen.— 86
Engels, Elisabeth Franziska Mauritia (née
van Haar) (1797-1873)—Frederick Engels' mother.—487-88
Engels, Emma (née Croon) (1834-1916) — Hermann Engels' wife, Frederick Engels' sister-in-law.— 340, 341, 352, 358, 474, 489
Engels, Friedrich ( 1796-1860) — Frederick Engels' father.— 488
Engels, Hedwig (in marriage: Boelling) (1830-1904) —Frederick Engels' sister.—340-41, 352
Engels, Hermann (1822-1905) — Frederick Engels' brother, manufacturer in Barmen, a partner in the firm Ermen & Engels in Engelskirchen.— 37-38, 87, 339-41, 352-54, 358, 473-74, 489, 492
Engels, Johann Caspar (1753-1821)—Frederick Engels' grandfather, manufacturer in Barmen.— 86
Engels, Luise Friederike (née Noot) (1762-1822) — Frederick Engels' grand-mother.— 86
Engels, Rudolf (1831-1903) —Frederick Engels' brother, manufacturer in Barmen, a partner in the firm Ermen & Engels in Engelskirchen.— 86, 339, 340, 492
Ernst—see Schattner, Ernst
Ernst, Paul (1866-1933)—German journalist, critic, writer and playwright; sided with the Social-Democrats in the late 1880s, a leader of the Jungen in the early 1890s, editor of the Berliner Volks-Tribüne (mid-December 1890 to mid-November 1891); withdrew from the Social-Democratic Party in 1891;
later he took Rightist, anti-Marxist stand.—63, 94, 109, 210, 527
F
Faulet, Marius Eugene (pseudonym Du-mont) (1840-1912)—prominent figure in the French working-class movement, took part in the Paris Commune, delegate to the Hague Congress of the International (1872), subsequently member of the French Workers' Party.—51
Fantuzzi, Romualdo — brother of Flami-nio Fantuzzi (Italian publisher).— 159-61, 405
Fenwick, Charles ( 1850-1918) — miner, prominent figure in the English working-class movement, a leader of the Miners' National Union, M. P. (from 1885), secretary of the Parliamentary Committee of the Trades Union Congress (1890-94), championed liberal labour policy.—429, 529
Fergus—see Lafargue, Paul
Ferroul, Joseph Antoine Jean Frédéric Ernest (pseudonym Léon Stern) (1853-1921) — French physician, socialist, member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1888, delegate to the international socialist workers' congresses of 1889 and 1891.—367
Ferry, Jules François Camille (1832-1893) — French lawyer, journalist and politician, a leader of moderate republicans, member of the Government of National Defence, Mayor of Paris (1870-71), premier (1880-81 and 1883-85), pursued a policy of colonial expansion.— 214
Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas von (1804-1872) — German materialist philosopher.—36, 63
Field, Arthur (b. 1869) — English journalist, socialist, member of the Social Democratic Federation.— 207, 208, 219
Fireman, Peter (b. 1863) — Russian-born American chemist, lived in Germany.—322, 525
Fischer, Richard (1855-1926) —German compositor, Social-Democrat, journalist, Secretary of the Party Executive (1890-93), deputy to the Reichstag (1893-1926).—4, 30, 41, 54, 74, 85, 98, 116, 121, 136, 145, 146, 150, 184,216, 266, 267, 268, 273, 547
Fleckles, Ferdinand (died c. 1894) — German physician in Karlsbad, Marx's acquaintance.— 398
Fleischmann, Adolf.—198
Floquet, Charles Thomas (1828-1896) — French statesman, radical; member of the Chamber of Deputies (1871-93), was repeatedly elected its chairman, premier (1888-89); was compelled to withdraw from active political activities after his implication in the Panama scandal was exposed in 1892.—320
Fortin, Edouard—French socialist, journalist, member of the French Workers' Party.—92
Foster—English miner, delegate to the Trades Union Congress in Glasgow (1892).—534
Foster-Amery, Rachel—American public figure, secretary of the National Women's Suffrage Association.— 265
Fould, Achille (1800-1867)— French banker and politician, Orleanist, later Bonapartist, repeatedly Finance Minister between 1849 and 1867, Minister of State and Minister of the Imperial Court (1852-60).—309
Francis Joseph I (1830-1916) — Emperor of Austria (1848-1916), King of Hungary (1848-49, 1849-1916).—259
Frankel, Leo {Léo) (1844-1896) — prominent figure in the Hungar-
ian and international working-class movement, jeweller; member of the Paris Commune and the General Council of the International (1871-72), a founder of the General Workers' Party of Hungary (1876-78), delegate to the International Socialist Workers' Congress of 1891, associate of Marx and Engels.—76, 96-99, 171-72
Franklin, Benjamin (1706-1790) — American politician and diplomat, took part in the War of Independence, scientist, physicist and economist.— 141
Frederick II (the Great) (1712-1786) —King of Prussia (1740-86).—182, 387, 474
Freycinet, Charles Louis de Saulces de
(1828-1923) —French statesman and diplomat, moderate republican; repeatedly held ministerial posts, premier (1879-80, 1882, 1886, 1890-92), had to withdraw from active political activities for a time after exposure in 1892 of his involvement in the Panama affair.—254, 292, 298
Fullarton, John ( 1780-1849) — British economist, author of works on money circulation and credit.— 526
G
Galiani, Ferdinando (1728-1787) — Italian economist, criticised Physiocrats.— 141
Garibaldi, Giuseppe (1807-1882) — Italian revolutionary, democrat, led the struggle of the Italian people for national liberation and the unification of the country in the 1850s and the 1860s, and the revolutionary march to Southern Italy in 1860.— 259, 307
Gégout, Ernest (c. 1854-1936)—French anarchist, fought duel with Vaillant in late 1891.—332 Geiser, Bruno (1846-1898)— German Social-Democrat, journalist, editor of the Neue Welt, deputy to the Reichstag in 1881 -87 where he belonged to the Right wing of the Social-Democratic group; Wilhelm Liebknecht's son-in-law.—196, 232, 247, 268, 315, 345
Gély, André—French socialist, Possibilist.— 47
Gene — see Bernstein, Regina
Georg(e) (1832-1904)— Prince of Saxony, German field marshal-general, took part in the Franco-Prussian War, King of Saxony (1902-04).—346, 348
George, Henry (1839-1897)—American journalist and economist.— 75
Gier s, Nikolai Karlovich (1820-1895) — Russian diplomat, envoy to Teheran (from 1863), Berne (from 1869), Stockholm (from 1872); Deputy Foreign Minister (1875-82); Foreign Minister (1882-95).—295
Gilles, Ferdinand (born c. 1856) — German journalist, Social-Democrat, moved to London in 1886, contributed to the Londoner Arbeiter-Leitung, took part in the work of the German Workers' Educational Society in London; exposed as a police agent in the 1890s.—3, 237-38, 241, 248-49, 251-53, 269, 273, 294, 310, 323, 324, 333, 335, 345, 347, 381, 386, 449, 484, 504
Giraud- Teuton, Alexis (b. 1839) — professor of history at Geneva, wrote several works on the history of the primitive society.— 193, 194, 202
Gladstone, William Ewart (1809-1898) — British statesman, Tory, a leader of the Liberal Party in the latter half of the 19th century, Chancellor of the Exchequer (1852-55 and 1856-66) and Prime Minister (1868-74, 1880-85, 1886 and 1892-94).—85, 90, 172, 225, 228, 243, 375, 460, 463, 467, 468, 470, 475-76, 482, 501, 511
Goegg, Amand (1820-1897)—German journalist, democrat, member of the Baden Provisional Government in 1849, emigrated after the Revolution; later member of the First International; joined the German Social-Democrats in the 1870s.— 81
Gompers, Samuel (1850-1924) — prominent figure in the trade union movement, a founder and president (from 1886) of the American Federation of Labor, pursued a policy of collaboration with bourgeoisie.— 113, 114, 224, 328, 557-58
Gori, Pietro (1867-1911) — Italian lawyer and poet, anarchist; translated the Manifesto of the Communist Party into Italian (1891) and wrote the Preface to its first edition in that language.— 159
Gould, Jay (1836-1892)—American millionaire, railway industrialist and financier.— 59
Graham — see Cunninghame-Graham, Robert Bontine
Granger, Ernest Henri (1844-1914) — French socialist, Blanquist, journalist, took part in the Paris Commune, later émigré in England, returned to France after amnesty where he sided with the Boulangists, member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1889.— 381, 400
Granville, George Leveson-Gower, Earl of (1815-1891)—British statesman, Whig and later Liberal Party leader, Foreign Secretary (1851-52, 1870-74, 1880-85), President of the Council (1852-54, 1855-58, 1859-65), Secretary of State for the Colonies (1868-70, 1886).—295
Greenwood, A.— prominent figure in the English working-class movement, secretary of the Glass Workers' Union (1891), delegate to the International Socialist Workers' Congress of 1893.— 312
Greulich., Hermann (1842-1925) — German book-binder, member of the Swiss section of the International from 1867, founder and editor of the newspaper Tagwacht (1869-80), a founder of the Swiss Social-Democratic Party (1888), leader of its Right wing.— 45, 495-97, 505
Grillenberger, Karl (1848-1897) — German worker, later journalist, Social-Democrat; deputy to the Reichstag from 1881, belonged to the opportunist wing of the German Social-Democratic Party.— 199
Grunzig, Julius (b. 1855)—German Social-Democrat, emigrated to the USA during the operation of the Anti-Socialist Law, contributed to the New Torker Volkszeitung.— 45
Guesde, Jules (real name Mathieu, Jules Bazile) (1845-1922) —prominent figure in the French and the international working-class and socialist movement, initially republican, sided with the anarchists in the first half of the 1870s, later a founder of the French Workers' Party (1879); for a number of years a leader of the revolutionary wing in the French socialist movement.— 23, 29,30,32,40-41,49,51, 117, 130, 155, 193, 221, 270, 400, 401, 424, 432, 477, 508, 517, 544
Guillaume-Schack, Gertrud (née Countess of
Schock) (1845-1903)—German socialist, prominent figure in the German women's movement.— 248, 451-52
Gumpert, Eduard (d. 1893) — German physician, resident in Manchester, a friend of Marx and Engels.—154, 162, 418, 424-26, 430-39, 448, 454-56, 470, 485, 486
Guttentag — book publisher in Berlin.— 285
H
Hall, Leonard (b. 1866)—English socialist, worker, later journalist, member of the Social Democratic Federation, subsequently of the Independent Labour Party.—468, 471
Haller, Karl Ludwig von (1768-1854) — Swiss lawyer and historian, absolutist.— 549
Hardie, James Keir (1856-1915)—miner, prominent figure in the English working-class movement, journalist, founder and leader of the Scottish Labour Party (from 1888) and of the Independent Labour Party (from 1893), first workers' independent candidate elected to Parliament (1892).—376, 460, 461, 463, 468, 471, 475, 494, 529, 532, 542, 545-46
Harney, George Julian (1817-1897)—prominent figure in the English labour movement, a leader of the Chartist Left wing, edited The Northern Star, Democratic Review, Red Republican and Friend of the People, lived in the USA from 1862 to 1888 with intervals, member of the First International; associate of Marx and Engels.— 192, 194, 209, 211, 331-32, 358, 382
Hartmann, Lev Nikolayevich (1850-1913) — Russian revolutionary, Na-rodnik, took part in a terroristic act of the Narodnaya Volya organisation against Alexander II in 1879, after which emigrated to France, later to England and to the USA in 1881.— 369
Hasselmann, Wilhelm (b. 1844)—a leader of the Lassallean General Association of German Workers; editor of the Neuer Social Demokrat in 1871-75, member of the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany from 1875, expelled from the party as anarchist in 1880.— 53, 97, 119, 126
Hatzfeld(l), Sophie, Countess of (1805-1881) — friend and supporter of Ferdinand Lassalle.— 134
Havas, Auguste (1814-1889) — a proprie-tor of the Agence Havas.— 189, 191
Headingley — see Smith , (Smith Headingley), Adolphe (Adolphus)
Heath, Christopher (1835-1905)— English surgeon.— 66
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770-1831) — German philosopher.— 62, 63, 213, 286, 287, 351
Heidfield, Oscar—German merchant in Liverpool.— 296
Heine, Heinrich (1797-1856) — German poet.—22, 500
Henning, Leopold von (1791-1866)—German philosopher, professor at Berlin University, Hegel's pu-pil — 286
Hepner, Adolf (1846-1923)— German Social-Democrat, an editor of Der Volksstaat (1869-73), delegate to the Hague Congress of the International (1872), emigrated to the USA (1882), returned to Germany in 1908.— 509
Herkner, Heinrich (1863-1932) — German vulgar economist, a representative of the armchair socialism.— 172, 344
Hirsch, Carl (1841-1900)— German Social-Democrat, journalist, edited several Social-Democratic newspapers.— 293, 299, 308, 309, 416
Hobbes, Thomas ( 1588-1679) — English philosopher.— 62
Ho'chberg, Karl (pseudonym Dr Ludwig Richter) (1853-1885)—German socialist, reformist; founded and financed a number of Social-Democratic newspapers and journals.— 14
Hochgürtel—German worker, émigré in London.— 497
Hodgskin, Thomas (1787-1869)—English economist and journalist, Utopian socialist, drew socialist conclusions from the Ricardian theory.— 368
Holmes, David (1843-1906)—prominent figure in the English working-class movement, delegate to the Trades Union Congress in Glasgow (1892).—531, 534
Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus) (65-8 B.C.)—Roman poet.—212
Hovelacque, Abel Alexandre (1843-1896) — French linguist, anthropolo-gist and politician, radical socialist, Chairman of the Paris City Council, member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1889.—281, 298
Howell, George ( 1833-1910) — British mason, a reformist leader of the British trade unions, former Chartist, Secretary of the London Trades Council (1861-62), member of the General Council of the International (October 1864 to 1869), Secretary of the Parliamentary Committee of the British Trade Union Congress (1871-75), M. P. (1885-95).—520
Hugo, Victor Marie (1802-1885)—French writer and poet.— 354
Hütten, Ulrich von (1488-1523) — German poet, supporter of the Reformation, participant in and ideological leader of the knights' uprising of 1522-23.—236, 380
Hyndman, Henry Mayers (1842-1921) — English socialist, founder (1881) and leader of the London Democratic Federation transformed into the Social Democratic Federation in 1884, later a leader of the British Socialist Party, was expelled from it for propaganda of the imperialist war (1916).—12, 30, 52, 53, 74, 98, 108, 124, 126-28, 138, 140, 155, 161-62, 166, 167, 175, 186, 198, 207-08, 211, 219, 221, 224, 229, 232, 237, 238, 241, 249, 251, 252, 273, 323, 333, 356-57, 367, 381, 386, 448, 449, 475, 484, 524, 529, 532, 540, 544, 545, 560
I
Ibsen, Henrik (1828-1906)—Norwegian playwright.—10, 27
Ihrer, Emma (1857-1911) — prominent figure in the German women's and trade union movement, founded the Arbeiterin journal (1891), delegate to the international socialist workers' congresses of 1889 and 1891.—334
Itzig— see Lassalle, Ferdinand
J
Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich (1743-1819) — German fideist philosopher.—286
Jakins — houseowner in London.— 38-39
Janssen, Johannes ( 1829-1891 ) — German historian and theologian, author of works on German history.— 342
Jean — see Longuet, Jean Laurent Frederic
Jevons, William Stanley (1835-1882) — English economist and philosopher.—526, 553
Jodko-Narkiewicz, Tomasz Witold (Rabin) (1864-1924) —Polish journalist, a founder of the Polish Socialist Party and leader of its revolutionary wing, member of the Proletariat Party in the 1880s, contributor to the magazine Przedswit in the 1890s, its editor in 1893-1906.—106, 110
Joffrin, Jules Louis Alexandre (1846-1890) — French mechanic, socialist; member of the Paris Commune; later emigre in England, on his return to France a Possibilist leader, member of the Paris City Council from 1882, mem-
ber of the Chamber of Deputies from 1889.—30, 47
Jollymeier—see Schorlemmer, Carl
Jonas, Alexander (c. 1839-1912) — German-born American journalist, socialist, editor-in-chief of the New Yorker Volkszeitung from 1878.— 20, 45, 250
K
Kablukov, Nikolai Alexeyevich (1849-1919)—Russian economist and statis-tician, Narodnik, professor at Moscow University, author pf several works on economy and statistics.— 443
Kampffmeyer, Paul (1864-1945) — German journalist, Social-Democrat from the late 1880s, a leader of the Jungen group and the Union of Independent Socialists in the early 1890s; later revisionist.— 526
Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804) — German philosopher.—62, 286
Karlstadt, Andreas Rudolf (real name Bo-denstein) ( 1480-1541 ) — German theologian, Reformer.— 342
Karyshev, Nikolai Alexandrovich (1855-1905) — Russian economist, statisti-cian and public figure, professor at Yu-riev (Tartu) University (1891-93) and Moscow Agricultural Institute (1895-1904), wrote several works on economy and statistics which propagated views of Liberal Narodniks.— 443
Kasprowicz, E. L.— publisher of the first volume of Capital in Polish.— 75
Kate — see Schattner, Kale
Kautsky, Felix (1891-1953)— Karl Kautsky's son by his second wife.— 131, 324
Kautsky, Karl (1854-1938) —German Social-Democrat, journalist, editor of Die Neue Zeit (1883-1917), adhered to Marxism in the 1880s, author of several works on Marxist theory which, despite certain mistakes, played an important role in dissemination of Marxism, later went over to opportunists and became an ideologist of Centrism in German Social-Democracy and the Second International, strongly opposed revolution in Russia.— 4-6, 12, 25-27, 49-50, 68, 73-75, 90-91, 103-04, 107-08, 118-19, 126, 129-36, 140-41, 145-47, 158-59, 163-64, 172-75, 198-201, 204-05, 209-12, 239-42, 246, 261-63, 266, 268, 273-75, 314-17, 322-24, 329, 334-37, 342-43, 367-69, 387, 389-90, 402-04, 416-17, 435, 436-38, 451-
54, 461-63, 493-95, 497, 502, 503, 514-17, 528-30, 532, 542-43, 545, 547, 549, 552-53
Kautsky, Karl (b. 1892) —Karl Kautsky's son by his second wife.— 336
Kautsky, Louise (née Strasser, by second marriage Freyberger) (1860-1950) — Austrian socialist, Engels' secretary from 1890, member of the editorial board of the Arbeiterinnen-Leitung, delegate to the international socialist workers' congresses of 1891 and 1893, Karl Kautsky's first wife.— 55, 68-69, 71, 72, 73, 76, 88-89, 91, 92, 95, 99, 101, 102, 106, 111, 113, 114, 117, 120, 139, 145, 146, 151, 155-57, 163, 170, 172, 173, 184, 185, 190, 192-95, 198, 203, 204, 207, 216, 219-20, 222-23, 226, 230, 231, 237, 238, 242, 247-50, 252-55, 259, 261, 264, 274, 276, 277, 281, 288, 290, 295, 300, 303, 310, 314, 320, 325, 326, 328, 329, 332, 333-34, 336, 346-48, 356, 360, 361, 364, 367, 372, 376, 378, 382, 387, 390, 394, 395, 397, 398, 401, 402, 409, 412-13, 415-17, 419, 424, 428, 430, 432, 434, 436, 439, 451-52, 458, 461-63, 465-66, 469, 471, 476, 479, 481-82, 487, 491, 496, 501, 503, 505-08, 510-11, 519, 522, 525, 530, 532, 539-41, 545, 547, 548, 559, 562
Kautsky, Luise (née Ronsperger) (1864-1944) —Austrian socialist, Karl Kautsky's second wife (from 1890).— 73, 131, 324, 336, 417, 452
Kautsky, Minna (née Jaich) (1837-1912)—German authoress of several novels on social themes, Karl Kautsky's mother.— 452, 462
Kelley-Wischnewetzky, Florence (1859-1932)—American socialist, translated Engels' The Condition of the Working-Class in England into English.— 250, 265, 273-74, 337-39, 404, 447, 452
Kinkel, Gottfried (1815-1882) —German poet and journalist, democrat; took part in the Baden-Palatinate uprising of 1849, sentenced to life imprisonment by a Prussian court, escaped from the prison and emigrated to England (1850); a leader of the petty-bourgeois refugees in London; opposed Marx and Engels.— 451
Kinkel, Johanna (née Meckel, by first marriage Matthieux) (1810-1858) — German writer, Gottfried Kinkel's wife.— 451
Klepsch, Philipp — one of Carl Schorlemmer's executors.— 433, 455-57, 465, 485
Knapp, Georg Friedrich (1842-1926) —German economist and statis-tician.— 6
Knies, Karl (1821-1898)—German vulgar economist, opposed classical bourgeois political economy.— 526
Kock, Charles Paul de (1793-1871) — French novelist and dramatist.—202
Koller, Ernst Matthias von (1841-1928) — German Conservative statesman, deputy to the Reichstag (1881-88), Prussian Home Minister (1894-95).—344
Kovalevsky, Maxim. Maximovich (1851-1916) — Russian sociologist, historian, ethnographer and lawyer, author of a number of works on history of the primitive society.—22-23, 124, 528, 552
Kravchinsky, Sergei Mikhailovich (pen-name Stepnyak) ( 1851 -1895) — Russian writer and journalist, prominent figure in the revolutionary Narodnik movement of the 1870s; emigrated after committing a terrorist act against the chief of gendarmes in St Petersburg in 1878; lived in England from 1884.— 144, 411, 539, 540
Kugelmann, Ludwig (1828-1902) — German physician; took part in the 1848-49 revolution in Germany, member of the First International, Marx's regular correspondent (1862-74). — 518-19, 543-45
Kunert, Fritz (1850-1931)—German Social-Democrat, journalist, edited several Social-Democratic newspapers in the 1880s-90s, an editor of the Vorwärts (1894-1917), repeatedly elected deputy to the Reichstag (from 1890), delegate to the Erfurt Party Congress of 1891.—268
L
Labouchire, Henry de Pré (1831-1912) — French-born English politician, diplomat and journalist, Liberal M. P., one of the owners of The Daily News (from the late 1860s).—323, 449
Labriola, Antonio (1843-1904) — Italian philosopher and journalist, one of the first to disseminate Marxism in Italy.—136, 205, 317, 342, 405
Labruyère, Georges de — French journalist, contributor to Le Cri du Peuple; Boulangist in the late 1880s.—92, 107
Lafargue, Laura (Lahr) (1845-1911) — Karl Marx's second daughter, Paul Lafargue's wife from 1868, participant in the French working-class move-
ment.—21, 23, 25, 29, 30, 41-42, 44-45, 52-55, 66, 70, 76-77, 91-93, 117, 120, 125, 141, 154-56, 161-63, 172, 185-90, 192, 195, 199, 201-04, 208, 209, 215-16, 227-30, 251-53, 260-61, 263-64, 270, 275-76, 281, 282, 288-90, 301, 304-06, 311-12, 318-20, 328-34, 347-48, 366-67, 379-82, 394-95, 399-402, 411-12, 413, 416, 424, 426-28, 434-36, 469-71, 478, 486-87, 505-06, 519-21, 523, 543, 544, 561-62
Lafargue, Paul (1842-1911) — prominent figure in the international and French working-class movement, member of the General Council of the International, Corresponding Secretary for Spain (1866-69); a founder of the Workers' Party in France; disciple and associate of Marx and Engels; husband of Marx's daughter Laura.—12, 21-25, 28-33, 42-43, 47, 49, 53-55, 65-66, 92, 93, 108, 115-17, 121-25, 129, 140-42, 144, 154, 156, 159, 161-63, 164, 165, 167, 174, 183, 189-95, 200, 204, 207-09, 215, 216, 218, 219-21, 227, 229, 234-36, 251, 252, 253-55, 259, 260, 264, 265, 266, 269, 270, 274-77, 281-85, 288-89, 291-93, 297, 298, 301-07, 311-12, 317-20, 328, 330-33, 348, 366-67, 370, 381, 392, 395, 400, 401, 412, 420-28, 432, 434, 436, 471, 476-78, 506, 508, 533-35, 544, 546, 548, 560-62
Lassalle, Ferdinand (1825-1864) — German journalist and lawyer, socialist; took part in the democratic movement of the Rhine Province ( 1848-49); founder of the General Association of German Workers (1863-64) and its president.—130, 134-35, 138, 145, 180, 181, 203-05, 210, 247, 253, 274, 287, 316, 331, 423, 499, 502
Laura — see Lafargue, Laura
Lavergne-Peguilhen, Moritz von (1801-1870) — German historian and economist, belonged to the so-called Romantic School.—549, 551 Lavigerie, de.— 32
Lavrov, Pyolr Lavrovich (1823-1900) — Russian philosopher, sociologist and journalist; an ideologist of revolutionary Narodism (Populism); emigrated in 1870; member of the First International; took part in the Paris Commune; editor of the journal Vpe-ryod! (Forward!) (1873-76) and the newspaper Vperyod! (1875-76); associate of Marx and Engels.— 84, 193
Lavy, Jean Baptiste Aimé (1850-1921) — French journalist, socialist, Possibilist; member of the Paris City Council (from 1887) and of the Chamber of Deputies (1890-98).—47, 562
Lejjler-Edgren, Anne Charlotte, Countess of Cajanello (1849-1892)— Swedish authoress.— 506
Leibfried, W.— notary in Luxemburg, Social-Democrat.— 247, 253
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Baron von (1646-1716)—German philosopher and mathematician.— 286
Lenchen — see Demuth, Helene
Leopold, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1676-1747) — Prussian field marshal.— 176
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim ( 1729-1781) — German writer, critic and philosopher of the Enlightenment.— 387, 553
Létourneau, Charles Jean Marie (1831-1902) — French sociologist and ethnographer.—193, 202, 203
Levraut—member of the Paris City Council, Chairman of the Education Commission (1890).—92
Liebknecht, Natalie (1835-1909) — Wilhelm Liebknecht's wife from 1868.—17, 18, 51, 312-14
Liebknecht, Theodor Karl (1870-1948)—Wilhelm Liebknecht's son, lawyer.—17, 51, 314
Liebknecht, Wilhelm (1826-1900)
— prominent figure in the German and international working-class movement, participant in the 1848-49 revolution, member of the Communist League and of the International, fought against Lassalleanism for the principles of the International in the German working-class movement; deputy to the Reichstag from 1867, a founder and leader of the German Social-Democratic Party, editor of the Volksstaat (1869-76) and Vorwärts (1876-78 and 1890-1900); delegate to the international socialist congresses of 1889, 1891 and 1893, friend and associate of Marx and Engels.— 3,11-18,22, 42, 50-51, 53, 56-57, 73-76, 85, 89, 93-95, 97, 107, 108, 117, 119, 123, 126, 129, 130, 134, 135, 137, 156, 161, 166, 173, 174, 176, 179, 180, 182-84, 196, 200, 203, 205, 210, 216, 232, 238, 240, 247, 250, 259, 266, 268, 271, 292, 300, 309, 314-15, 323, 326, 336, 345, 365, 372, 427, 446, 480, 512, 517, 521, 533, 546, 557, 559
Locke, John ( 1632-1704) — English philosopher and economist.— 62
Lahr—see Lafargue, Laura
Longuet, Charles (1839-1903) — journalist, socialist, member of the General Council of the International (1866-67 and 1871-72); member of the Paris Commune, later emigrated to England; subsequently joined the Possibilists, a member of the Paris City Council in the 1880s-90s, husband of Marx's daughter Jenny.— 203, 208, 331
Longuet, Edgar (1879-1950)— Karl Marx's grandson; son of Jenny and Charles Longuet.—29, 91, 203
Longuet, Henri (Harry) (1878-1883) — Karl Marx's grandson, son of Jenny and Charles Longuet.— 220
Longuet, Jean Laurent Frederic (Johnny) (1876-1938) —Karl Marx's grandson, son of Jenny and Charles Longuet.— 29, 91, 203
Longuet, Jenny (Même) (1882-1952) — Karl Marx's granddaughter, daughter of Jenny and Charles Longuet.—23, 29, 77, 91, 93, 203
Longuet, Marcel ( 1881 -1949) — Karl Marx's grandson, son of Jenny and Charles Longuet.—29, 91, 203
Lopatin, Hermann Alexandrovich (1845-1918)—Russian revolutionary, Na-rodnik; member of the General Council of the International (1870); translated into Russian a sizable part of Volume I of Capital, friend of Marx and Engels.— 385
Loria, Achille (1857-1943) — Italian sociologist and economist.—146
Louis XIV (1638-1715) — King of France (1643-1715).—383
Louis Bonaparte — see Napoleon III
Louis Philippe I (1773-1850)— Duke of Orleans, King of the French (1830-48).—202, 309
Louise—see Kautsky, Louise
Luce — French capitalist with whom fi-nancing of the daily of the French Workers' Party was discussed in 1892.—519
Ludwig II (1845-1886) — King of Bavaria (1864-86); deposed as mentally un-sound.— 371
Luther, Martin (1483-1546)—leader of the Reformation, founder of Protestantism (Lutheranism) in Germany.— 342, 368
M
MacCarthy, Justin (1830-1912)— Irish writer and politician, Liberal M. P. (1879-1900), Vice-Chairman of the Irish Home Rule Party in the House of Commons.—128
Mackay, John Henry (1864-1933) — English-born German poet and writer, adherent to the Young He-gelians' philosophy, anarchist.—136
Mac Vey — American socialist, delegate to the International Socialist Workers' Congress of 1891.—232, 238
Maistre, Joseph Marie, comte de (1753-1821) — French writer, monarchist, an ideologist of aristocratic and clerical reaction.— 549
Mahn, Benoit (1841-1893)— French socialist, member of the International and of the Paris Commune; emigrated to Italy, then to Switzerland where he sided with anarchists; returned to France after the amnesty of 1880; later a leader of the opportunist trend of the Possibilists.—260, 282
Mann, Thomas {Tom) (1856-1941) — prominent figure in the British working-class movement, mechanic; belonged to the Left wing of the Social Democratic Federation (from 1885) and to the Independent Labour Party (from 1893); took an active part in the organisation of a mass movement of unskilled workers and in the formation of their trade unions in the late 1880s-early 1890s; leader of several strikes.—203, 225, 411, 529
Manteuffel, Otto Theodor, Baron von (1805-1882) — Prussian statesman, Minister of Interior (1848-50), Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs (1850-58).— 20
Martignetti, Pasquale (1844-1920) — Italian socialist, translator of Marx's and Engels' works into Italian.—104-05, 142-43, 159-60, 205-06, 391, 404-05, 483, 506
Marwitz, Friedrich August Ludwig von der
(1777-1837) — Prussian general and politician, author of war memoirs.— 549
Marx, Jenny Caroline (née von Westphalen) (1814-1881) —Karl Marx's wife.— 19, 70, 220
Marx, Karl (1818-1883) (biographical data).—52, 55, 67, 90, 97, 109, 112-14, 117, 123, 126, 132-37, 141, 143-44, 145, 161, 164, 168, 179, 181, 213, 216-17, 220, 236, 239, 247, 263, 287, 308, 315, 322, 381, 544
Marx-Aveling, Eleanor (Tussy) (1855-1898) — Karl Marx's youngest daughter, prominent figure in the British and international working-class movement; married Edward Aveling in 1884; took an active part in the organisation of a mass movement of unskilled workers, a leader of the dockers' strike in London (1889); delegate to the international socialist workers' congresses of 1889 and 1891.— 10, 20, 23-24, 29, 32, 41, 45, 46, 49, 51-52, 54-55, 70, 71, 73, 77,98, 108, 110, 120-21, 124, 128, 140, 150, 153, 159, 166, 167, 184-86, 189, 191, 194, 197, 198, 209, 216, 219-21, 225, 226, 230, 237, 249, 252, 274, 300, 307, 312-13, 317, 326, 328, 330, 331-33, 335, 337, 342, 366, 372, 380, 398, 403, 411, 416, 417, 428-29, 435, 437, 438, 462, 471, 476, 479, 481-82, 484, 486, 493, 495-97, 504-06, 508, 515, 516, 522, 524, 529, 534, 540, 543, 552, 557-58, 559, 560-62
Massard, Nicolas Emile (1857-1932)—French journalist, London correspondent of the newspaper L'Éclair (1892).—394
Massingham, Henry William (1860-1924) — English journalist, publisher and editor of The Star (1890) and The Labour World (1891).—203
Matkin, William — prominent figure in the English trade union movement, leader of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners.— 522-23, 531
Matthieux—Johanna Kinkel's first husband.— 451
Maurer, Georg Ludwig (1790-1872)
— German historian, studied the social system of ancient and medieval Germany.— 9
Mayall — photographer in London.— 112
McKinley, William (1843-1901) — American statesman, a leader of the Republican Party; since 1877, repeatedly elected to Congress; author of the general tariff bill in the interests of the monopolists (1890); President of the USA (1897-1901).—278
McLennan, John Ferguson (1827-1881) —Scottish lawyer and historian, author of a number of works on the history of marriage and family.^ 194, 204
Mehring, Franz (1846-1919)—prominent figure in the German socialist and working-class movement; historian and journalist; became Marxist in the 1880s; author of a number of books on the history of Germany, German Social-Democracy, and Karl Marx's biography; an editor of the journal Die .Neue £eit; a leader and theoretician of the German Social-Democrats (Left wing); one of the founders of the Communist Party of Germany.— 195, 375, 376, 387, 549-53
Meissner, Otto Karl (1819-1902) — publisher in Hamburg; printed Capital and other works by Marx and Engels.—29, 44, 146, 148, 158, 163, 216
Même—see Longuet, Jenny
Mendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich (1834-1907) — Russian chemist; discovered the periodic law in 1869.— 385
Mendelson, Marya (née ^a/eiifl, by first marriage Jankowska) (1850-1909) — Polish socialist, active figure among the Polish revolutionary emigres, delegate to the international socialist workers' congresses of 1889, 1891 and 1893; Stanislaw Mendelson's wife.
— 106, 110, 157, 313, 356, 411, 413, 415, 458
Mendelson, Stanislaw (1858-1913) — Polish socialist, journalist, one of the founders of the Polish Socialist Party (1892); publisher and editor of the journal Przedswit, delegate to the international socialist workers' congresses of 1889, 1891 and 1893; abandoned working-class movement in the mid-1890s.—106-07, 110, 156-57, 169, 197, 270, 313, 355, 411, 413, 415, 445, 458, 553
Menger, Anton (1841-1906)—Austrian lawyer, professor at Vienna University.—368, 526, 553
Meyer, Hermann (1821-1875)—German merchant, socialist; took part in the 1848-49 revolution in Germany, emigrated to the USA in 1852; an organiser of Section No. 1 of the International in St Louis; Joseph Weydemeyer's friend.— 544
Meyer, Rudolf Hermann (1839-1899) — German economist and journalist, Conservative; contributed to Die Neue Z"l in the 1890s.—323, 361, 416
Michel, Louise (pseudonym Enjolras) (1830-1905) — French teacher, revolutionary; was close to the Blanquists during the Second Empire; took part in the Paris Commune (1871); exiled to New Caledonia; back from exile after the amnesty of 1880, participated in the working-class movement in France, Belgium and Holland; sided with anarchists; emigrated to England (1890).—237
Millerand, Etienne Alexandre (1859-1943) — French politician and statesman, lawyer and journalist; petty-bourgeois radical in the 1880s, member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1885, headed opportunist trend in the French socialist movement in the
1890s, held a number of high posts in the state.—215, 281, 289, 297, 298, 367, 477
Miquel, Johannes (1828-1901) — German lawyer, politician and banker; member of the Communist League up to 1852, later a National-Liberal; Finance Minister of Prussia in the 1890s.—371, 510
Mockel, Johanna — see Kinkel, Johanna
Mohrhenn — German socialist, participant in the working-class movement in Wuppertal.—86-87
Moltke, Helmuth Karl Bernhard, Count von (1800-1891) — Prussian military leader and writer; general from 1871, field marshal; Chief of the Prussian (1857-71) and the Imperial (1871-88) General Staff.— 182
Moore, Samuel ( 1838-1911 ) — English lawyer, member of the International; translated into English Volume I of Karl Marx's Capital (in collaboration with Edward Aveling) and The Manifesto of the Communist Party; friend of Marx and Engels.—27, 29, 49, 102, 104, 109, 149, 154, 162, 168, 185, 186, 198, 204, 211, 219, 223, 312, 330, 452
More {Morus), Sir Thomas (1478-1535)—English politician, Lord Chancellor (1529-32), humanist writer, an early representative of Utopian communism, author of Utopia.— 164, 172, 343
Moreau, Emile André (1837-1903) — French politician, radical, anti-Boulangist, member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1889.—281, 298
Morgan, Lewis Henry (1818-1881) — American ethnographer, ar-chaeologist and historian of primitive society.—10, 193, 194, 202, 204
Morgan, O.W.— British Liberal, M.P. (1885-92).—471
Morrier, Pierre — prominent figure in the French trade union movement, representative of the Glass Workers' Trade Union in Lyons (1891).—312
Morris, William (1834-1896)— English poet, writer and artist; participant in the working-class and socialist movement in the 1880s-90s, a leader of the Socialist League (1884-89); shared anarchist views (from the late 1880s).—411
Motteler, Emilie—Julius Motteler's wife.—41, 150, 313, 345, 434, 540
Motteler, Julius (1838-1907) —German Social-Democrat; member of the Reichstag (1874-79), émigré in Zurich and then in London during the operation of the Anti-Socialist Law; super-vised the delivery of Der Sozialdemokrat and illegal Social-Democratic literature to Germany.—13, 30, 41, 115, 150, 236, 313, 335, 345, 380, 397, 434, 438, 540, 543-44
Mudie, Charles Edward (1818-1890) — English publisher and founder of Mudie's lending library (1842).— 300
Müller, Adam Heinrich, von Nitterdorf (1779-1829) — German journalist and economist, representative of the so-called Romantic School.— 549
Müller, Hans (1867-1950)— German journalist and writer, studied in Zurich in the late 1880s and sided with the German Social-Democrats, a leader of the Jungen in the early 1890s, contributed to a number of Social-Democratic papers.— 294, 527
N
Napoleon I (Bonaparte) (1769-1821) — Emperor of the French ( 1804-14 and 1815).—61
Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte) (1808-1873)—Napoleon I's nephew, President of the Second Re-
public (1848-51), Emperor of the French (1852-70).—218, 288
Nash — English Christian socialist, member of The Workman's Times editorial board from 1892.—404
Necker, Jacques (1732-1804)—French banker and politician, several times Controller-General of Finance in the 1770s and 1780s, attempted to carry out reforms.— 444
Nicholas Alexandrovich (1868-1918) — heir to the Russian throne, then Emperor Nicholas II (1894-1917). — 192
Nieuwenhuis — Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis's son.— 78
Nieuwenhuis, Ferdinand Domela (1846-1919) — prominent figure in the Dutch working-class movement; a founder of the Dutch Social-Democratic Party; became an anarchist in the 1890s.— 24, 49, 77-78, 232, 234, 250, 521, 524
Nim, Nimmy — see Demuth, Helene
Nonne, Heinrich — German student, resident in Paris; was exposed as a Prussian agent provocateur in 1884.— 295
O
Oppenheim, Max — Ludwig Kugelmann's
brother-in-law.—151-53
Oswald, Eugen (1826-1912) —German democratic journalist; took part in the 1848-49 revolution in Baden; emigrated to England after its defeat.— 76, 326
Ottenbruch — houseowner, neighbour of the Engels family in Bruch.— 86
Owens, John (1790-1846) — English merchant, founder of the Owens College in Manchester.— 431, 456 P
Packard—English physician.— 66
Padlewski, Stanislaw (1856-1891) — Polish socialist, assassinated in Paris Nikolai Seliverstov, Russian general and chief of the gendarmes, in 1890; emigrated to London and then to the USA where committed suicide. — 91-92, 102, 107, 127, 129, 138, 147, 197, 198, 224, 355, 369, 415
Parnell, Charles Stewart ( 1846-1891) — Irish politician and statesman, Liberal; M. P. from 1875; leader of the Home Rule Party from 1877.— 128, 259, 295, 468
Parnell, William—English trade union figure, joiner, leader of the Cabinet-Makers' Union, delegate to the International Socialist Workers' Congress of 1891.—522, 531
Paul—see Lafargue, Paul
Pauli, Ida — Philipp Victor Pauli's wife.— 76
Pauli, Philipp Victor (1836-d. after 1916)—German chemist, Carl Schorlemmer's friend.— 76
Pelletan, Charles Camille (1846-1915) — French politician, journalist, editor-in-chief of La Justice (from 1880), belonged to the Left wing of the Radical Party.—281
Percy — see Rosher, Percy White
Peschel, Oskar (1826-1875)— German geographer and historian, professor at Leipzig University.—146
Petersen, Nikolai (1854-c. 1916) — a prominent figure in the Danish working-class movement; a leader of the Left wing of the Social-Democratic Party of Denmark, delegate to the International Socialist Workers' Congress of 1889.—408-09
Petty, Sir William (1623-1687) — English economist and statisti-
cian, founder of English classical political economy.—141
Peus, Heinrich Wilhelm (1862-1937)—German writer, Social-Democrat (from 1890), later revisionist, was condemned for lèse-majesté
(1892).—364, 369
Philostratus (c. 170-245)—Greek rheto-rician, sophist philosopher and writer.—501
Pieper, Wilhelm (born c. 1826-1899) — German philologist and journalist, member of the Communist League; emigrated to London; was close to Marx and Engels in 1850-53.— 544
Plekhanov, Georgi Valentinovich ( 1856-1918) — prominent figure in the Russian and international working-class movement, philosopher and propagandist of Marxism in Russia, founder of the first Russian Marxist organisation — Emancipation of Labour group (1883), delegate to the International Socialist Workers' Congress of 1889 and to a number of other congresses of the Second International.— 235, 317
Praslin, Altarice Rosalba Fanny (née iSè-bastianï) (1807-1847)—wife of Charles Praslin, Duke of Choiseul.— 309
Praslin, Charles Laure Hugues Theobald,
duc de Choiseul (1805-1847)—French aristocrat; Peer of France; was accused of murdering his wife (1847); committed suicide.— 309
Proudhon, Pierre Joseph (1809-1865) — French writer, economist and sociologist, a founder of anarchism.— 389, 499, 517
Ptolemy — name of the Macedonian Kings who ruled Egypt for three hundred years (305-30 B.C.).—33
Pumps — see Rosher, Mary Ellen
Pushkin, Alexander Sergeyevich (1799-1837) —Russian poet.—280 Puttkamer, Robert Victor von (1828-1900) — Prussian statesman, Minister of the Interior (1881-88), an organiser of the persecution of Social-Democrats during the/operation of the Anti-Socialist Law.— 181
Q.
Quelch, Harry (1858-1913) — prominent figure in the British working-class movement, a leader of new trade unions, delegate to the international socialist workers' congresses of 1891 and 1893.—449, 531
R
Ranc, Arthur ( 1831 -1908) — French politician and journalist; moderate republican; played a significant role in the republican press in the 1880s-90s; a member of the Chamber of Deputies, later Senator.—289, 301, 304, 307, 311, 318
Rave, Henri — French journalist, translator of Engels' works into French.— 142, 144, 145, 154, 164, 165, 173, 192, 199, 201-04, 211, 215, 251
Read—English physician.— 65-66
Reaumur, René Antoine Ferchault de (1683-1757) — French naturalist, inventor of a spirit thermometer.— 489
Reeves, William Dobson (c. 1827-1907)
— English publisher and bookseller.—338-39
Reinicke, Paul René (1860-1926) — German artist.— 89
Renan, Joseph-Ernest (1823-1892) — French philologist and historian of Christianity, idealist philosopher.— 501
Renard, Victor Charles (1864-1914) — prominent figure in the French working-class movement, shoe-
maker, founded an organisation of the French Workers' Party in Lyons, delegate to the International Socialist Workers' Congress of 1889 — 219
Reuß, Karl Theodor—German journalist, agent of the German political police in the 1880s, exposed in December 1887.—109
Ribot, Alexandre Félix Joseph (1842-1923) — French statesman, lawyer; a leader of the Right Republicans, member of the Chamber of Deputies, opposed Boulangism; Minister of Foreign Affairs (1890-93), premier (1893-95).—292
Ricardo, David (1772-1823)—English economist.—141, 159
Richter, Eugen ( 1838-1906) — German politician, leader of the Party of Free Thinkers, deputy to the Reichstag.— 362, 375
Riefer, Adolf (born after 1852) — Helene Demuth's nephew, son of her sister Katharina and Peter Riefer.— 69-71
Roche, Ernest Jean (1850-1917)—French socialist, engraver, then journalist; as an editor of L'Intransigeant took part in organising a number of strikes; member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1889; was close to the Boulangists and the Fédération des socialistes indépen-dants in the late 1880s.—289, 291
Roche, Eugène—French lawyer, radical.—269, 274, 277, 297
Rochefort, Victor Henri, marquis de Rochefort-
Luçay (c. 1831-1913)— French journalist, writer and politician; Left-wing republican; member of the Government of National Defence; after the suppression of the Commune was exiled to New Caledonia; fled to England; returned to France after the amnesty (1880), published L'Intransigeant; monarchist from the late 1880s; for participation in the Boulangist movement was condemned to imprisonment (1889) and, to avoid it, lived in London till 1895.—252, 347, 401
Rodbertus-Jagetzow, Johann Karl (1805-1875) — German economist, theoretician of 'state socialism'.— 389
Rogers, James Edwin Thorold (1823-1890) — English economist, author of several works on the national economy of England.—337, 343, 526
Romm, Julie (née <We£) (d. 1920) — German socialist, contributed to Die Neue Z,eit, later emigrated to the USA, worked in the New Yorker Volkszeitung; Maxim Romm's wife.—48, 109, 127
Romm, Maxim (d. 1921) — physician, Russian by birth, studied in Zurich, then emigrated to the USA.— 48, 109, 127
Roscoe, Sir Henry Enfield (1833-1915) —English chemist.—430-31, 456, 470, 485
Rosebery, Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of (1847-1929) —English statesman, a leader of the Liberal Party in the late 1880s-early 1890s; Foreign Secretary (1886 and 1892-94), Prime Minister (1894-95).—501
Rosenberg, Wilhelm Ludwig (pseudonym
von der Mark) (b. 1850) — German-born American socialist, journalist, secretary of the National Executive Committee of the Socialist Labor Party in the 1880s, leader of the Lassallean group in the party; expelled from the party together with other Lassalleans in 1889.—75, 138, 166
Rosenkranz, Johann Karl Friedrich (1805-1879) — German Hegelian philosopher and literary historian.— 286
Rosher—Percy White Rosher's mother.—124, 150, 154
Rosher, Charles H.— Percy White Rosher's father — 124, 150, 154
Rosher, Howard—Percy White Rosher's brother.— 124
Rosher, Mary Ellen Catherine (Pumps) (née Burns) (born c. 1860) — niece of Frederick Engels' wife.— 18, 23, 76, 92, 150, 154-55, 191, 207, 209, 211, 212, 214, 224, 229, 232, 237, 250, 253, 256, 261, 313, 319, 332, 336, 379, 395, 412, 416, 419, 435, 479, 481, 488, 491, 495, 498, 499, 504, 506-07, 511, 518, 525
Rosher, Mary Lilian Georgiana (Lili, Lily) (b. 1882)—daughter of Mary Ellen and Percy White Rosher.— 252, 256
Rosher, Percy White — English merchant, Mary Ellen Burns' husband from 1881.—92, 124, 147, 150, 154-55, 189, 191, 209, 211, 212, 214, 224, 252, 313, 336, 347, 366, 379, 395, 412, 495, 498, 499, 504, 506, 518
Rothschilds — family of bankers with branches in many European countries.—92-93, 544
Rothwell, Richard R., Marquis de (d. 1890) — owner of the house in London, where Frederick Engels lived from 1870 to 1894.—38, 39, 44
Roussel, Ferdinand François (1839-1914) —French socialist and^rade union leader, secretary of the Paris Labour Stock Exchange in the early 1890s.—411
Rouvier, Pierre Maurice (1842-1911) — French statesman, moderate republican; repeatedly held posts of minister and premier; after his involvement in the Panama swindle had been exposed in 1892, he was forced to retire and abandon political activity for a time.—117, 254, 292, 298
Roy, Joseph — translator of Volume I of Marx's Capital and Feuerbach's works into French.— 427
Ruge, Arnold (1802-1880)—German radical journalist and philosopher, Young Hegelian; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848; a leader of German petty-bourgeois refugees in England in the 1850s; became a National-Liberal after 1866.—94, 377, 520
S
Salisbury, Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, Marquis de (1830-1903)—British statesman, leader of the Conservatives; Secretary of State for India (J866-67 and 1874-78), Foreign Secretary (1878-80), Prime Minister (1885-86, 1886-92, 1895-1902).—295
Sam — see Moore, Samuel
Sanders, William Stephen (b. 1871) — English socialist, a leader of the Legal Eight Hours and International Labour League, member of the Fabian Society; delegate to the International Socialist Workers' Congress of 1891.— 225, 323
Sanial, Lucien Delabarre (1835-d. after 1925) —American socialist, member of the Socialist Labor Party, editor and publisher of several socialist papers, delegate to the international socialist workers' congresses of 1891 and 1893.—224, 232
Say, Jean Baptiste (1767-1832)— French economist, representative of vulgar political economy.— 141
Schack — see Guillaume-Schack, Gertrud
Scharnhorst, Gerhard Johann David von (1755-1813) — Prussian general and politician; after the defeat of the Prussian army by Napoleon I in 1806, head of the commission for a reform of the army; War Minister (1807-10) and Chief of Staff (1810-13); took an active part in the liberation war of the Ger-
man people against Napoleonic rule.— 478
Schattner, Ernst (born c. 1879) — Regina
Bernstein's son by first husband.— 498, 499
Schattner, Kate (born c. 1881) — Regina
Bernstein's daughter by first husband.—321, 530
Scheu, Andreas (1844-1927)— a leader of the Austrian and British socialist movement, editor of the newspaper Gleichheit (1870-74); member of the International; emigrated to England in 1874; a founder of the Social Democratic Federation.— 540
Scheu, Heinrich (1845-1926)—Austrian Social-Democrat, member of the International; delegate to the Hague Congress (1872), emigrated to England in 1873, artist, delegate to the International Socialist Workers' Congress of 1891, Andreas Scheu's brother.— 112, 125, 170
Schewitsch, Serge von — Russian-born American socialist; member of the Mew
Torker Volkszeitung editorial board in the 1870s-80s; editor of The Leader from 1886.—20, 45
Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich von
(1759-1805) —German poet.—309
Schippet, Max (1859-1928) —German economist and journalist, Social-Democrat from 1886, was close to the Jungen opposition group; delegate to the International Socialist Workers' Congress of 1893.—11, 129, 130, 174
Schlüter, Anna — Hermann Schlüter's wife.—12, 67, 109, 113-15, 150, 151, 231, 237, 300, 325
Schlüter, Hermann (1851-1919) — German Social-Democrat, leader of the Social-Democratic publishing house in Zurich in the 1880s, a founder of the archives of German Social-Democracy; in 1889 emigrated to the USA where he joined socialist movement; author of several works on the history of the working-class movement in Great Britain and America — 12, 67, 74, 95, 109, 113-15, 146, 149-51, 168, 196-98, 226, 231, 237, 325, 392-94, 509
Schmidt — Conrad Schmidt's wife.— 285, 288, 349
Schmidt, Conrad (1863-1932) —German economist and philosopher, Social-Democrat, was close to Marxism in the 1880s-90s, later became a Neo-Kantian and a revisionist.— 6-9, 25, 57-65, 109, 163, 172, 212-14, 241, 285-88, 323, 349-52, 469, 525-28, 553
Schoemann, Georg Friedrich (1793-1879)—German philologist and historian, author of several works on the history of Ancient Greece.— 36
Schönlank, Bruno ( 1859-1901 ) — German Social-Democrat, journalist; deputy to the Reichstag (1893); contributed to the Vorwärts in the 1890s.—95, 309
Schorlemmer—Carl and Ludwig Schor-
lemmer's mother.—425, 426, 432, 434, 436, 455, 458, 470, 486, 487
Schorlemmer, Carl (Jollymeier) ( 1834-1892) — German organic chemist, professor in Manchester; member of the German Social-Democratic Workers' Party; friend of Marx and Engels.— 5, 6, 10, 12, 27, 30, 41, 44, 48-50, 96, 104, 111, 154, 159, 163, 168,204,211, 219, 220, 221, 224, 226, 227, 229, 232, 313, 319-20, 364, 370, 418, 425, 426, 430-33, 435, 436, 439, 447, 448, 453-58, 461, 464-65, 469, 470, 484-87
Schorlemmer, Johanna — Ludwig Schorlemmer's daughter.— 488
Schorlemmer, Ludwig — Carl Schorlemmer's brother.—81-82, 418-19, 425-26, 431-34, 439, 454-58, 484-88
Schramm, Carl August (1830-1905 ) — German Social-Democrat,
economist, criticised Marxism, withdrew from the party in the 1880s.— 132
Schröder, Ludwig ( 1849-1914) — German Social-Democrat, one of the organisers and leaders of the miners' movement in the Ruhr area.—376, 429, 448
Schumacher, Georg Gerber (1844-1917) — German Social-Democrat, tanner, later businessman; deputy to the Reichstag from 1884, adhered to the party's opportunist wing, delegate to the International Socialist Workers' Congress of 1891; expelled from the Social-Democratic Party in 1898.— 100
Schuster—professor of physics in Manchester, Carl Schorlemmer's student.— 455
Schweinitz, Hans Lothar ( 1822-1901) — German general, diplomat and military writer, Ambassador to Vienna (1869-76) and St Petersburg (1876-92); advocated rapprochement between Germany and Russia.— 374
Schweitzer, Johann Baptist von (1833-1875)—German lawyer; a Lassallean leader; editor of Der Social-Demokrat (1864-67), President of the General Association of German Workers (1867-71), supported unification of Germany under Prussia's supremacy; fought against the Social-Democratic Workers' Party; expelled from the General Association for his contacts with the Prussian authorities (1872).— 11, 97
Seidel, Robert (1850-1933)— Swiss Social-Democrat, teacher, editor of the Arbeiterstimme in the 1890s, delegate to the International Socialist Workers' Congress of 1893.—495, 496, 505
Seliverstov, Nikolai Dmitrievich (1830-1890)—Russian general, chief of gendarmes, murdered in Paris by the Polish socialist Stanislaw Padlewski.— 92, 102 Shajer—representative of Jewish workers, emigrants from Russia, at the May Day demonstration in London (1892).—411
Shakespeare, William (1564-1616) — English poet and dramatist.— 348
Shaw, George Bernard (1856-1950) — English dramatist and writer, a leader of the Fabian Society from 1884. — 335, 469, 515, 563
Shipton, George (1839-1911) — trade union leader; founder and secretary of the Amalgamated Society of Housepaint-ers and Decorators; secretary of the London Trades Council (1872-96).—185, 386, 402, 403, 520, 560
Shuvalov, Pavel Andreyevich (1830-1908) — Russian military figure and diplomat; Ambassador to Berlin (1885-94), advocate of rapprochement between Germany and Russia.— 374
Siebold, Ludwig {Louis) —• German chemist, lived and worked in Manchester in the 1890s, Carl Schorlemmer's executor.—433, 455, 456, 457, 465, 470, 485
Siegel—August Siegel's wife.— 430
Siegel, August (1856-1936) — German Social-Democrat, miner; active in the trade union movement of the 1880s, one of the organisers of the Union of German Miners; because of the persecution he was forced to emigrate to England (1891) where he lived more than twenty years and took part in the strike movement of the Scottish miners.—376, 428-30, 446, 448, 481
Simon, Ferdinand B. (1862-1912) — German physician, August Bebel's son-in-law.—200, 398, 490, 491, 504, 507
Simon, Frieda (1869-1948)—August Be-
bel's daughter, Ferdinand Simon's wife.—116, 377, 398, 491, 504
Singer, Paul ( 1844-1911) — prominent figure in the German working-class movement; member (from 1887) and president (from 1890) of the Executive Committee of the Social-Democratic Party of Germany; deputy to the Reichstag from 1884, President of its Social-Democratic group from 1885; fought opportunism and revision-ism.—54, 73, 76, 77, 89, 166, 184, 266, 267, 295, 386, 412, 415, 418, 420, 424, 427, 431, 432, 434, 436, 445-46, 519, 557, 563
Smith, Adam (1723-1790) — Scottish economist.—141, 159, 280
Smith (Smith Headingley), Adolphe (Adolphus) (1846-1924)—British journalist; was born in Paris; member of the Social Democratic Federation; adhered to the French Possibilists; wrote articles slandering Marx and his supporters.—56, 108, 402, 411, 495, 560-62
Smith, Frank (1854-d. after 1930) — English socialist, editor of The Worker's Cry (1891), member of the Independent Labour Party (from 1893).—203
Soetbeer, Georg Adolf (1814-1892) —German economist and statis-tician.— 58
Sonnenschein, William Swan (1855-1931) — English publisher, who printed the first English edition of Volume One of Marx's Capital (1887).—29, 265, 273, 332, 337-39, 357-59, 366, 390, 395, 398-400, 452, 463, 486, 539-40
Sorge, Friedrich Adolph (1828-1906) — prominent figure in the international and American working-class and socialist movement, German teacher; took part in the 1848-49 revolution in Germany; in 1852 emigrated to the USA; founder of the American sections of the First International; Secretary of the Federal Council; delegate to the Hague Congress (1872); member of the General Council in New York and its General Secretary (1872-74), a founder of the Socialist Labor Party (1876); propagandist of Marxism; a friend and associate of Marx and Engels.—5, 10-12, 20-21, 45-48, 51-52, 67, 73-75, 95-96, 101-02, 109, 113, 123, 125-28, 137-39, 146-50, 165-68, 196-98, 224-27, 231-33, 237-39, 250-51, 264-67, 277, 297-300, 311, 326-29, 369-72, 394, 415, 445-47, 453, 463, 507-09, 514
Sorge, Katharina — Friedrich Adolph Sorge's wife.— 12, 48, 49, 67, 75, 96, 101, 103, 109, 125, 128, 139, 149, 168, 198, 227, 233, 239, 251, 267, 277, 299, 300, 329, 372, 447, 509
Stambulov, Stefan (1854-1895) — Bulgarian statesman; deputy (from 1880) and Chairman of the National Assembly (1884-86), head of government (1887-94), advocate of the anti-Russian foreign policy.— 162
Stanley, Sir Henry Morton (real name John Rowlands) (1841-1904)—one of the explorers of Africa; leader of the English expedition to the Equatorial Africa (1887-89); M. P. (1895-1900).—475
Stead, William Thomas (1849-1912) — English journalist and writer; Liberal; editor of the Pall Mall Gazette (1883-89); editor of the Review of Reviews in the 1890s.—274
Steinthal — Unitarian clergyman in Manchester, Engels' acquaintance.— 456
Stepnyak — see Kravchinsky, Sergei Mikhai-lovich
Steuart, Sir James (afterwards Denham) (1712-1780)—British economist, one of the last Mercantilists.— 141
Stinileih.— 99
Stirner, Max (real name Johann Caspar Schmidt) ( 1806-1856) — German philosopher, Young Hegelian, an ideologist of individualism and anarchism.— 136
Stößel — Swiss government official in Zurich.—241
Strabo (63 B.C.-A.D. c. 20) —Greek geographer and historian.— 34
Strasser — Louise Kautsky's mother.— 88, 532
Stumm-Halberg, Karl Ferdinand, Baron von
(1836-1901) — German manufacturer and conservative politician.— 362, 364, 371
Sybel, Heinrich von (1817-1895) — German historian and politician, National-Liberal from 1867.— 94
T
Tacitus, Publius Cornelius (c. 55-c. 120)—Roman historian and ora-tor.—22
Tauscher, Leonhard (1840-1914) — German Social-Democrat, compositor; during the operation of the Anti-Socialist Law took part in printing Der Sozialdemokrat in Zurich, then in London; later an editor of Social-Democratic periodicals in Stuttgart. — 30, 41, 104, 114
Taylor, H. R.— member of the London Trades Union Council and of the Social Democratic Federation, delegate to the International Socialist Workers' Congress of 1891, candidate at the parliamentary elections of 1892.— 493, 532
Taylor, Sedley (latter half of the 19th cent.-early 20th cent.)—British economist, armchair socialist; took part in the co-operative movement in England, advocated workers' sharing in the capitalists' profits; in the 1880s tried to continue slanderous campaign against Marx, begun by Brentano in the 1870s. He accused Marx of the deliberate falsification of the sources quoted.— 146
Teck, Victoria Mary von (1867-1953) — English Princess, later Queen Mary of England (from 1910).—347
Teste, Jean Baptiste ( 1780-1852) — French lawyer and statesman, Orleanist, Minister of Trade, Justice and Public Works during the July monarchy, tried for bribery and malpractices.— 309
Thome, William James (1857-1946) — prominent figure in the British working-class movement, member of the Social Democratic Federation, one of the organisers of the mass movement of the unskilled workers in the late 1880s-early 1890s, General Secretary of the National Union of Gas Workers and General Labourers of Great Britain and Ireland.— 77, 225, 300, 313, 520, 522, 531, 557-58, 561
Tillet, Benjamin (Ben) (1860-1943) — British socialist, an organiser and a leader of the new trade unions in the 1880s-90s, later one of the founders of the Labour Party; General Secretary of the Dock, Wharf, Riverside and General Labourers' Union of Great Britain and Ireland (1887-1922).—225
Tölcke, Karl Wilhelm (1817-1893)—German Social-Democrat, a leader of the Lassallean General Association of German Workers.— 316
Tooke, Thomas (1774-1858) —English classical political economist.— 526
Turali, Filippo (1857-1932)— prominent figure in the Italian working-class movement, journalist, one of the founders (1892) and leaders of the Italian Socialist Party.—142-44, 146, 354-55, 388, 405
Tussy — see Marx-Aveling, Eleanor
V
Vaillant — Edouard Vaillant's wife.— 83
Vaillant, Marie Anne Cécile Ambroisine
(née Lachenille) — Edouard Vaillant's mother.— 83
Vaillant, Marie Edouard (1840-1915) — French engineer, naturalist and physician; Blanquist; member of the Paris Commune, of the National Guard's Central Committee and of the General Council of the International (1871-72); headed Blanquists' Comité Révolutionnaire Central (from 1881); member of the Chamber of Deputies (from 1893).—30, 40, 82-83, 193, 332, 360, 382, 399, 400, 436, 544
Vanderbilts — dynasty of the American financial and industrial magnates.— 59
Vauban, Sébastien le Prestre de (1633-1707) — French marshal and military engineer, criticised France's taxation system.— 383
Veber, Adrien Jean François (1861-1932) — French socialist, Possibilist; teacher and lawyer; contributed to a number of socialist papers.— 260
Vésinier, Pierre (1824-1902)— French journalist, anti-Bonapartist; an organiser of the French branch of the International in London; was expelled from the Central Council of the International for conducting a slanderous campaign against it in 1866 and from the International in 1868; member of the Paris Commune; after the suppression of the Commune emigrated to England.— 56
Victoria (1819-1901)—Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901).—369 Victoria Adelaide Mary Louise (1840-1901) — German Empress, eldest daughter of Queen Victoria, wife of the Prussian King and German Emperor Frederick III.—140
Vignaud—French socialist; member of the Workers' Party.— 519
Vogt, Johann Gustav (1843-d. after 1912)—German materialist philosopher, author of a number of works on natural science.— 216-17
Voider s, Jean (1855-1896)—Belgian socialist, journalist, a founder of the Parti ouvrier belge (1885), delegate to the international socialist workers' congresses of 1889, 1891 and 1893.—221
Volkhovsky, Felix Vadimovich (1846-1914) — Russian revolutionary, Na-rodnik; refugee in London from 1890; editor of the newspaper Free Russia (from 1895).—411
Vollmar, Georg Heinrich von (1850-1922) — German army officer, journalist, Social-Democrat, a leader of the reformist wing of the party, editor of the Sozialdemokrat (1879-80); repeatedly elected deputy to the German Reichstag and Bavarian Landtag.— 211, 219, 221, 246, 266, 268, 273, 282, 293, 298, 480, 516, 544
Vorontsov, Vasily Pavlovich (V. V.) (1847-1918) — Russian economist and writer, one of the ideologists of Liberal Narodism in the 1880s-90s, author of several books on the development of capitalism and peasant commune in Russia.— 443
Vyshnegradsky, Ivan Alexeyevich (1831-1895) — Russian scholar and statesman, Minister of Finance (1888-92).—444
W
Wachsmuth, Ernst Wilhelm Gottlieb (1784-1866) — German historian, pro-
fessor in Leipzig.— 34
Ward, W. H.— prominent figure in the British working-class movement, Vice-Secretary of the National Union of Gas Workers and General Labourers of Great Britain and Ireland (1891).— 557
Warken, Nikolaus—prominent figure in the German working-class movement, President of the Rechtsschutzverein der Saar-Bergleute; delegate to the Miners' International Congress in London (1892).—448
Watkinson, Will — prominent figure in the British working-class movement, President of the National Union of Gas Workers and General Labourers of Great Britain and Ireland (1891).— 557
Watts, John Hunter (d. 1924) — British socialist, a leader of the Social Democratic Federation.— 336
Webb, Sidney James (1859-1947) —British socialist and public figure, one of the founders of the Fabian Society; together with his wife Beatrice Webb wrote a number of works on the history and theory of the working-class movement in Britain.— 516
Weiler, G.Adam (1841-1894) —German refugee in the USA and from 1862 in England, cabinet-maker, member of the International (from 1865), member of the British Federal Council (1872-73); supported Marx and Engels in their struggle against reformist leaders of the British trade unions; later a member of the London Trades Union Council and the Social Democratic Federation.— 416
Weinschenk — French capitalist with whom French socialists discussed the fi-nancing of the planned daily newspaper.— 476-77
Westphalen, Ferdinand Otto Wilhelm Henning von (1799-1876) — Prussian statesman, Minister of the Interior (1850-58), stepbrother of Karl Marx's wife, Jenny.— 20
Westphalen, Johann Ludwig von ( 1770-1842) — Privy Councillor in Trier, Jenny Marx's father.— 19-20
Wigand—a publishing house founded in Leipzig by Otto Wigand. It put out works of radical writers.— 346, 364, 365, 406, 407, 410, 414, 419
William II ( 1859-1941 ) — Prussian King and German Emperor (1888-1918).—20, 27, 47, 83, 255, 307, 348, 361, 369, 371, 374, 379-80, 423, 504
Wilson, Joseph Havelock (1858-1929) — prominent figure in the British trade union movement, organiser and president (from 1887) of the National Amalgamated Sailors' and Fire-men's Union of Great Britain and Ireland; repeatedly elected M. P. (from 1892).—468, 471, 475
Wirth, Friedrich Moritz (1849-d. after 1916) — German journalist.— 7
Wise hnewetzky — see Kelley- Wischnewe-tzky, Florence
Wischnewetzky, Lazar — physician, Polish by birth, emigrated to the USA in 1886, member of the Socialist Labor Party of North America.— 404
Witch — see Kautsky, Louisa
Wolf, Julius (1862-1937)—German economist.—241, 286-87, 349-51
Wolff, Bernhard (Benda) (1811-1879) — German journalist; owner of the Berlin National-Zeitung from 1848; founder of the first telegraph agency in
INDEX OF LITERARY AND
Adam (Bib.).—174, 194
Allah — the Supreme Being in the Moslem religion.— 195
Germany (1849).—189
Woods, Samuel ( 1846-1915) — prominent figure in the British trade union movement, miner, Vice-President of the Miners' Federation (1889-1909); Secretary of the T. U. C. Parliamentary Committee (1894-1904), M.P. (1892-95, 1897-1900).—534
Wrôblewski, Walery (1836-1908) — prominent figure in the Polish and international working-class movement, revolutionary democrat, a leader of the Polish uprising (1863-64); general of the Paris Commune, member of the General Council of the International and Corresponding Secretary for Poland (1871-72); after the amnesty of 1880 returned to France.—156-57, 169, 347
Z
Zetkin, Clara (1857-1933)—prominent figure in the German and international working-class movement; member of the Social-Democratic Party of Germany (from 1881), contributed to the Sozialdemokrat; editor of Die Gleichheil
(1892-1916); fought opportunism.— 199, 334
Zhukovsky, Tuli Galaktionovich (1822-1907) — Russian economist and journalist, manager of the State Bank; author of the article 'Karl Marx and His Book on Capital'.— 384
Zola, Emile (1840-1902) —French writer.—174
MYTHOLOGICAL NAMES
Cassius — one of the main characters in Shakespeare's tragedy Julius Caesar.— 348 Christ, Jesus (Bib.).—274
Elohim — Hebrew name for God.— 195
Erinyes (Gr. Myth.) —goddesses of vengeance, characters in Aeschylus' trage-dies Choephoroe and Eumenides (the second and third parts of the trilogy Oresteia).— 201
Eve (Bib.).—174, 194
Horlacherliesl—a country girl, a character in Ludwig Anzengruber's comedy Der G'wissenswurm (1874).— 450
Jehovah (Jahweh) (Bib.).—124, 174
John Bull—the title character in John Arbuthnot's book The History of John Bull (18th cent.). His name is often used to personify England and Englishmen.—401, 480
Noah (Bib.) — patriarch, said to have survived the Deluge in a wooden ark built on an order from God.—195
Orestes (Gr. Myth.) — the son of Aga-memnon and Clytemnestra who killed
his mother's lover Aegisthus in revenge for murdering his father; a character in Aeschylus' tragedies Choephoroe and Eu-menides, the second and third parts of the trilogy Oresteia.— 201
Paul (Bib.) — one of Christ's twelve apostles.— 503
Penelope — in Homer's Odyssey the hero's wife and the personification of conju-gal fidelity. She waited more than twenty years for her husband's return from the Trojan war and kept her im-portunate suitors at bay for three years by weaving a shroud for her father-in-law, but unravelling it secretly every night so that it was never finished.— 380
Sisyphus (Gr. Myth.) — King of Corinth, condemned in Hades to roll uphill a heavy stone that constantly rolled down again. Hence 'sisyphean labour', both an endless and heart-breaking work.—215