Notes

Residual editorial notes

75 editorial note entries had no resolved in-text occurrence and remain here so no source note definition is discarded.

[74] Russophile military conspirators (see note 109). In an attempt to regain the

[99] engineered by the Bismarck government. On 20 April 1887 Police

[100] Commissioner Schnaebelé, a French border official in Pagny-sur-Moselle,

[119] back, reads. Herr E. Bernstein, Florstr. 10, Riesbach-Zurich, Switzerland. 120. Engels wrote this letter on a postcard. The address, written by him on the

[120] back, reads Mrs. F. Kelly-Wischnewetzky, 110, East 76th St., New York,

[139] was not reproduced in the separate American edition of this work, but it

[158] import duties on corn, which made it possible to inflate the military budget beyond the special allocations provided by the Reichstag. It was at this time that Bismarck coined one of his most bellicose dictums: 'We Germans fear God and no one else'. The Schnaebelé case, provoked by Bismarck (see note 99), further exacerbated the chauvinistic and militaristic passions. A real threat of a military conflict arose. 153. J Guesde's translation of Engels' article The Labor Movement in America, written as a preface to the American edition of Engels book The Condition of the Working Class in England, appeared in the newspaper Le Socialiste, Nos 88, 89 and 90, of 9, 16 and 23 July 1887. 154. Speaking at Epinal on 24 July 1887, the former French prime minister Jules Ferry called Boulanger a 'général de café-concert'. Boulanger challenged Ferry to a duel, which, however, did not take place, for the seconds could not agree on the terms. On 22 July 1887, the newspaper La France (edited by Francis Laur, a Boulanger supporter) carried an article intended to prove that at the time of the 'Schnaebelé Affaire' (see note 99) a group of French monarchist generals incited Boulanger to stage a coup d'état. Replying in the newspaper L'Autorité on 24 July 1887, one of the Bonapartist leaders, Paul de Cassagnac, described this report as a lie. Laur challenged him to a duel, which also failed to come off. 155. Apparently this refers to the biography of Engels, written by Karl Kautsky for the Österreichischer Arbeiter-Kalender of 1888. 156. In his letter of 20 August 1887, Bruno Schönlank, a German Social Democrat, told Engels about his intention to dedicate to him, Engels, the book being prepared for the press Die Further Quecksilber-Spiegelbelegen und ihre Arbeiter, of which excerpts had been printed in Neue Zeit, Nos 4, 5 and 6, 1887. The book came off the press in Stuttgart in 1888. 157. Joannes Wedde, the editor of the Hamburg newspaper Bürger-Zeitung, with whom Engels was in correspondence, applied to him with the request to help the FreundschaftsClubs der Zigarren-Sortierer deposit the money, saved up by this alliance (10,000 Reichs marks), in the English bank, so as to protect this sum against a possible confiscation by the authorities. Wedde asked Engels either to deposit this money to his name or help find a man who might mediate in this transaction. 158. Engels wrote this letter on a post card. He indicated the address on the reverse side: Monsieur P. Lavroff, 32 rue S. Jacques, Paris, France. 159. The report about G. Lopatin's death proved wrong. 160. In a letter of 28 August 1887, Florence Kelley-Wischnewetzky voiced her

[166] isation. A meeting convened for the purpose outlined a programme of this

[167] National Labour Association which was to act as a Labour Electoral

[170] ever, the Congress adopted resolutions on nationalisation of landed property,

[177] to the issue of taxes and customs duties in connection with the steps taken

[180] ist labour congress in Paris on 14-20 July 1889, first suggested by the French

[182] International (see note 473). 179. The reference is to the Social Democratic Federation (See note 62) and the

[225] Social Democratic activities (see also note 220). 223. Engels means the leaders of the Socialist Labour Party of North America

[237] Reichstag prolonged the law for the last time, but not for a term of five

[243] Caffarel and Daniel Wilson (see note 168). In 1847, just before the

[248] the pro-German policies of Alexander III in contrast to the anti-German

[256] tion that the only chance of preventing General Boulanger from being

[274] Congress in Paris in 1889 (see note 478). An allusion to the Parliamentary

[276] (Historical Archives), No. 2,1956 (the facsimile of the first page) and in full

[279] Some of them, including P. Lafargue, at first erroneously qualified

[282] Jules Guesde at the head and the greater part of the Blanquists led by M.E.

[284] hoped that with the aid of such tricks he would appear an elected represen-

[285] tative of the entire nation. Boulanger's victory at the election of 1889

[286] compelled the French government as early as 31 January 1889 to table a

[288] This bill was approved and came into effect on 13 February. On 17 July

[289] 1889 Parliament passed yet another law whereby no one could be elected

[291] Bernstein Esq., 4, Corinne Road, Tufnell Park, N. London. 285. Engels wrote this letter on a post card. He indicated the address on the back:

[293] English see note 29. 286. This letter was first published in English in Science and Society, Vol. 2, No.

[301] had modestly declared himself a Thucydides of political economy (see

[324] organise this congress from the 1886-held Paris International Conference

[346] Monthly, London, 1934, No. 3. 344. In the by-election scheduled for 27 January 1889 in Paris (see notes 328,

[353] acquittals of Geffcken and Morier as major defeats for Bismarck. 348. In December 1888 a Russian loan with a 4 per cent interest rate was issued

[357] new organ, the newspaper Egalité. Its editorial committee comprised repre-

[362] Hovelacque and Boulé. Its first number came out on 8 February 1889. At

[384] Journal Die Neue Zeit, No. 10, 7 Jhrg. 1889. 385. The International Socialist Conference was held in the Hague on 28

[387] was convened at the suggestion of the Social Democratic faction in the

[399] Working Men's Congre«. The Parliamentary Committee (see note 269)

[404] Revolution by the Jacobins (1790-94), as the mouthpiece of genuinely

[421] proprietors and factory owners. 419. The reference is to the International Trade Union Congress in London (see

[423] 'Au congrès belge' which subscribed to the Possibilist point of view

[466] Justice, No. 284, on 22 June 1889. 461. A reference to an article by Arthur Field, an English journalist, in the Kent

[487] settle the conflict. In July 1889 the population of several rural communities

[488] in Crete rose in rebellion against the Turkish authorities. This revolt esca-

[493] who were expelled at the Trades Union Congress at Manchester in 1882).

[495] and a demonstration of unemployed against the agitation of the

[497] lumpen-proletarian elements who started sacking and looting the surround-

[515] book Die soziale Frage in the Volksbibliothek series (see note 400) was

[517] the newspaper Die Kreuz-zeitung on 18 September 1889 (no. 435). In his

[519] Sorge, Esq., Hoboken N J, US America. About the English publication, see

[522] October 1889, published under the title 'Socialists and the French

[530] proclaimed by the French Legislative Assembly on 11 July 1792, i.e., during

[536] the views of the 'true socialists', ignored the historical tasks of the prole-

[547] to set up Socialist factions in the Chamber of Deputies and in the Municipal

[554] for overtime and on holidays, as well as higher wages for women and chil-

[559] throw of the Jacobin government on 27 July (9 Thermidor) 1794, and the

[570] party members, among them A. Bebel (Reichstag deputy), F. Harm, G.

[583] universal suffrage which, as they deemed, could help the working people take on power in the state. A new democratic body politic, as Lassalle and his supporters saw it, was to provide a credit for setting up workers' production associations (see also note 508). 577. The Gas Workers Strike in South London took place in December 1889, February 1890. It was touched off by the failure of the company owners to honour the earlier agreement on an eight-hour working day, higher wages, and employment priority for unionised workers, members of the Gas Workers' and General Labourers' Union (see note 565). Among other things, the strikers demanded that three activists of the Union, dismissed from their job, be reinstated. The strike action did not succeed in the absence of vigorous support from other unions, the dockers' union in particular. 578. An allusion to W Liebknecht 's letter of 20 December about the Elberfeld trial and his own difficult conditions. 579. Herewith Engels sent to S.M. Kravchinsky (Stepniak) the first chapter of his work The Foreign Policy of Russian Tsardom (see present edition, Vol. 27) so as to have it published in the Russian literary and political journal Social Democrat run by the 'Emancipation of Labour' group; among its editors were V.l. Zasulich, G.V. Plekhanov and P.V. Axelrod (see also note 623). 580. In her letter of 31 December 1889, Laura Lafargue complained that for her translation of Walther von der Vogelweide's poem Unter der Linden, she had only an updated edition of the text. 581. Writing to Engels on 24 December 1889, P. Lafargue told him about the French Workers' Party (see note 33) planning to start a new daily. In keeping with the terms of an entrepreneur who had agreed to finance the newspaper, the editorial staff was supposed to work without remuneration, with the exception of J. Guesde and Quercy. It was somewhat later that this daily was launched. Engels' letter to C. Bonnier is not available. 582. A reference to the proceedings to have Engels' nephews - Hermann, Moritz and Emil - made co-owners of the firm Ermen & Engels at Engelskirchen. 583. A fragment of this letter was first published in English in: Marx K. and Engels F., Correspondence, 1846-1895, Lawrence, London, 1934, pp463-64. 584. F. Schlüter, in his letter to F. Engels of 12 December 1889, wrote this: 'Last

[588] opinion, Reid was acting in the spirit of Hyndman's sectarian policies: 'For

[591] employed in the port ... The longshoremen are beginning to mistrust him.

[592] No attempt has been made to learn more about him.' 586. A reference to the Amalgamated Engineers' Society, founded by W.

[623] votes as representatives of the cartel (see note 265) 10,836. 618. At the 20 February election the Social Democratic Party received 664,170 votes more than in 1887. 619. This refers to an article in the Dutch socialist newspaper Recht voor Allen. 620. The main part of this letter, which P. Martignetti had sent to the editorial board of the journal Cuore e critica, was published in Italian in No. 7 of this journal on 16 April 1890, under the heading 'L'opinione di F. Engels'. This publication was prefaced with the following editorial text: 'Professor Labriola's proposal concerning the settlement of the colony of Eritrea is also finding support abroad. After reading the letters of Professors Labriola and Loria in II Messaggero, Frederick Engels wrote from London on 30 March to our regular contributor P. Martignetti'. 621. A reference to the project to use free land (terra libera) in the Italian colonies, as suggested by Antonio Labriola in his letter to Baccarini. Part of this letter was published on 15 March 1890 by the journal 77 Messaggero under the heading 'La terra a chi la lavora'. Martignetti sent this number of the journal to Engels. 622. Refers to Antonio Labriola's letter to Achille Loria published by the journal Il Messaggero on 15 March 1890 under the title 'La terra a chi la lavora - La colonia Eritrea e la questione sociale'. A. Labriola sent this publication to P. Martignetti who, in his turn, forwarded it to F. Engels. 623. The present work was prompted by a proposal for co-operation which Vera Zasulich, on behalf of the editors of the Russian journal Social Democrat, then being prepared for publication in London, addressed to F. Engels (see also V. Zasulich's letter to F. Engels of 30 January 1890). Complying with this request Engels sent his article to the editorial board for publication in Russian translation; he likewise decided to have it published in other socialist periodicals (see Engels' letter to V. Zasulich of 3 April 1890 this volume, pp467-69). The first part of this work appeared in February 1890 under the title 'The Foreign Policy of Russian Tsardom'. The latter part of the article was published only in August 1890. Meanwhile, the first two parts appeared in the language of the original, German, in the April number of the journal Die Neue Zeit; the editors amended the text without Engels' knowledge. Thus they softened somewhat the characterisation of the ruling heads of

[635] Value - see note 353. 633. On 3 July 1866 a decisive battle in the Austro-Prussian War was fought at

[638] exerted a great influence on legislation in many European and a number of

[648] struggle and opposed Social Democrats taking part in the Reichstag elec-

[649] tions and making use of the Reichstag as a political tribune; they would

[651] of the petty bourgeoisie and of opportunism, of violating democracy within

[654] from the party. 647. A reference to the first May Day demonstration of London workers held on

[655] Sunday, 4 May 1890. Despite the attempts of reformist trade union leaders

[656] and Henry Hyndman, a Socialist with opportunist leanings, to foist class collaborationist slogans on the demonstration, it showed the readiness of the broadest masses of London workers to wage a struggle for socialist demands. The bulk of the demonstrators - about 200,000 strong -supported the slogans of the British supporters of Marx. Playing the chief role in the demonstration were Gas Workers and the London Dockers, who were the first to launch a struggle in the 1880s for 'new' mass trade unions to be set up (see note 489) and for legal eight hours. The demonstration culminated in a huge rally in London's Hyde Park. For more detail about the first May Day celebration and the demonstration of May 4 in London, see Engels' article 'May 4 in London' (present edition, Vol. 27). 648. E. Bernstein's report carried in Berliner Volksblatt, No. 103, on 6 May 1890 and marked: London, 4 May. 649. The English text of the present letter was first published in The Labour Monthly, No. 8, 1955. 650. The People's Press of 10 May 1890, devoted nearly 8 pages to the Hyde Park rally on 4 May (see note 647). 651. The present letter was first published in English in: Engels F., Lafargue P. and L. Lafargue, Correspondence, Vol. 3, 1891-1895, Foreign Languages Publishing House, Moscow 1963, pp71. 652. Engels cites from Nikolai Danielson's letter to him, 17 May 1890. The reference is to P. Lafargue's article about the evolution of property; this article was not published in the Northern Review. 653. This refers to the dissolution of General Boulanger's National Republican Committee after a major defeat of his supporters at the municipal election in Paris on 27 April, 4 May 1890. 654. The present letter was written on a post card; the corner of the leaf with a postage stamp is off. The reconstituted parts of the text are enclosed in the brackets. 655. A fragment of this letter in English was first published in Labour Monthly, London 1934, No. 6, p380. 656. A reference to an open letter of F. Sorge and F. Schlüter to A. Sartorius von Waltershausen with a protest against the characterisation of Marx in the

[658] Berlin, 1890. This letter was published by Der Sozialdemokrat, No. 22. 657. A reference to 'The Legal Eight Hours and International Labour League'

[665] wrote an article entitled 'Reply to Mr Paul Ernst (see present edition, Vol. 27) where he inserted part of the present letter. A fragment from this letter was first published in English in Ibsen, A Marxist Analysis, Angel Flores (ed), Critics Group, New York 1937, pp21-24. 659. Engels replies to P. Ernst's letter of 31 May 1890, in which the latter asked for help in his polemics with G. Bahr who had the journal Die Freie Bühne für modernes Leben, Heft 17, 28 Mai 1890, publish the article 'Zur Frauenfrage. Die Epigonen des Marxismus' which criticised Ernst's article 'Die Frauenfrage und soziale Frage' published by Die Freie Bühne, Heft 15, 14 Mai 1890. 660. A reference to La Charte octroyée promulgated in 1814 by the French King Louis XVIII and granting a constitutional monarchy. In keeping with this charter, the top of the commercial and financial bourgeoisie were allowed to share power with the nobility. 661. Engels means a Constitution endorsed by the Norwegian Representative Assembly at Eidsvoll in 1814 after the model of the French Constitution of 1791. 662. 'Vaterlandslosen Gesellen' ('Fellows without Fatherland') - a description that Emperor William II gave to the Social Democrats. 663. Danielson congratulated F. Engels on the victory of the German Social Democratic party at the election to the Reichstag on 20 February 1890 (see note 599). 664. On 22 January 1890, N. Danielson sent the Statistical Yearbook for the Moscow Gubernia for 1889 to Engels and recommended that he read N. Chernenkov's articles in it, 'The Peasant Credit in the Moscow Gubernia in the Light of Correspondents' Reports' and 'Some Data on Peasant Public Loans in the Moscow Gubernia (According to Studies Carried out in 1876-78)'. 665. The reference is to the revolt of 1745-46 staged by supporters of the royal Stuart dynasty who demanded that the 'Young Pretender', Charles Edward Stuart, ascend to the throne. Regular government troops crushed the rebellion. This set in rapid process the disintegration of the clan system in the Highlands, with land seizure assuming ever broader proportions. 666. Engels replies to F. Schlüter's letter of 3 June 1890 in which he said he had

[671] administration of the Island of Heligoland in the North Sea from Britain to

[674] joint newspaper in Berlin; the preconditions made by Lassalle ruled out Marx's and Engels' participation in the project. About the reasons for the refusal of Marx and Engels to co-operate, see present edition Vol. 41 (Marx to Engels, 29 January 1861, Marx to Engels, 14 February 1861, Marx to Engels, 7 May 1861). 670. In his letter of 13 June 1890, L. Kugelmann asked Engels to send him a Daily Telegraph with Kingstone's article on his meeting with Bismarck. 671. Engels wrote these lines on a post card. Indicated on the reverse side was the address: Herrn Reichstagsabg. W. Liebknecht, Fürbringerstr.17, II, Berlin, Germany. 672. Probably W. Liebknecht requested Engels to write a refutation to the newspaper Justice over the publication in it, 21 June 1890, No. 336, Vol. VII, of a commentary under the heading 'Make a Note of This!'. In it, with reference to one of the Possibilist leaders, Paul Brousse, as a source, Liebknecht was reported to have made the following statement on behalf of the German Social Democratic Party: 'We are not revolutionaries', and he allegedly said that the German Social Democrats were pinning all hopes on propaganda, not on revolutionary actions. On 28 June 1890, Justice, No. 337, Vol. VII, carried F. Gilles' letter to the editorial board 'German Social Democrats still Revolutionists'. Gilles made it clear that even though Liebknecht might have uttered the statement ascribed to him, he could in no way speak on behalf of the party which, at all its congresses, reasserted its loyalty to revolutionary principles. On 2 August 1890, The People's Press published explanations from Liebknecht concerning the assertions of Justice. 673. In mid August 1890 Engels spent 4 weeks at Folkestone, a small resort near Dover. 674. The first Congress of the German Social Democratic Party after the repeal of the Anti-Socialist Law (see note 52) took place at Halle on 12-18 October 1890. It was attended by 413 delegates. The congress endorsed the party rules and, at Liebknecht's suggestion, passed a decision on drafting a new Programme to be submitted at the next party congress at Erfurt and on

[678] attitude to strikes and boycotts. 675. Engels means the annual tour of northern countries by Emperor William II; in 1890 it took place between 27 June and 28 July (see also F. Engels' letter to K. Kautsky of 18 September 1890, present edition, Vol. 49). 676. Engels wrote this letter on a post card. He put down the following address on the back: F.A. Sorge Esq., Hoboken N.Y., US America which someone corrected to: Hoboken N.Y., US America in Mt. Desert, Maine. 677. The owners of the gas enterprises of Leeds demanded that workers be hired for a term of 4 months without a right to participate in strike action during this period. The volume of work done in an 8-hour day was supposed to be 25 per cent higher than what had been performed before, that is, when the working day had been longer. These entrepreneurial conditions, amounting to an actual annihilation of the Gas Workers and General Labourers' Union and of the hard-won legal working hours, caused anger and counter-action amongst the working men. Early in July 1890 it came to clashes between strikers and blacklegs, the latter being supported by the police. The stubborn resistance of the striking workers made the strike-breakers and troops retreat. The employers had to withdraw their demands. The exploit of one of the heroes or the Leeds strike, Will Thome, received high praise from Engels who presented him with a copy of the English edition of Volume I of Capital bearing the following dedication: 'To Will Thorne, the victor of the Leeds with fraternal greetings from Frederick Engels'. 678. K. Kautsky took part in the work on the MS of volume IV of Capital, 'Theories of Surplus Value' (see note 353).