Name Index

A

Abercorn, James Hamilton, 1st Duke of (1811-1885) — English statesman, Conservative; Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1866-68 and 1874-76); opposed the adoption of the Land Bill of 1881 for Ireland.—172

Abdul Hamid II (1842-1918)—Turkish Sultan (1876-1909).—248

Adam, Juliette (née Lumber) (1836-1936) — French writer and journalist, founder and director of the Nouvelle Revue (1879-86).—225, 230

Aksakov, Ivan Sergeyevich (1823-1886) — Russian writer, Slavophile; criticised the domestic policy of tsarism (the 1850s-60s); a champion of pan-Slavism and great power chauvinism (the I870s-80s).—194

Aleko Pasha (Vogorides, Alexandras) (c. 1823-1910) — Bulgarian-bornTurk-ish statesman and diplomat, counsellor of the Embassy in London (1856-61), ambassador to Vienna (1876-78), governor of Eastern Rumelia (1879-84).— 373

Alexander II (1818-1881) —Emperor of Russia (1855-81).—80, 175, 288

Alexander III ( 1845-1894) — Emperor of Russia (1881-94).—78, 175

Allsop, Thomas (1795-1880)—English democrat, Chartist; was persecuted on suspicion of being an accomplice in Orsini's attempt on the life of Napoleon III in 1858; later collaborated with Marx in helping refugees of the Paris Commune.— 114

Alphand, Jean Charles Adolphe (1817-1891) — French state official, engineer; directed reconstruction works in Paris from 1854 and was in charge of the city water supply from 1878.— 337

Amos, Sheldon (1835-1886)—English lawyer, barrister in Egypt from the early 1880s, judge in the Court of Appeal (local tribunal) in Alexandria (1882).—381

Arabi Pasha, Ahmed Arabi el Husseini (c. 1839-1911) —Egyptian politician and military figure; headed the national liberation movement (1879-82); a leader of the National Party; War Minister (from February 1882) and head (from July 1882) of the National Government; after the defeat at Tell el-Kebir (13 September 1882) was taken prisoner and banished by the English authorities to the island of Ceylon, where he was kept till 1902.— 301

Argyll, George John Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of (1823-1900)—British statesman, Peelite; Lord Privy Seal (1853-55, 1859-66 and 1880-81); Postmaster-General (1855-58 and 1860), Secretary for India (1868-74) .— 86

Azamat Batuk — French journalist, real name H. L. Thieblin.— 53

B

Bachofen, Johann Jakob (1815-1887) — Swiss historian and lawyer, author of Das Mutterrecht.— 453

Bakunin, Mikhail Alexandrovich (1814-1876)—Russian democrat, journalist, participant in the 1848-49 revolution in Germany; an ideologist of Narodism (Populism) and anarchism in later years; opposed Marxism in the International; was expelled from the International at the Hague Congress of 1872 for his splitting activities.— 46, 341, 370, 375

Bamberger, Louis (b. 1821)—German journalist; in the 1850s emigrated to London, where he engaged in financial operations at his father's bank; an editor of the Deutsche Londoner Zeitung

(1848-51); Secretary of Charles of Brunswick; later a merchant in Zurich.—258

Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1832-1918) — American historian, author of a number of works on the history and ethnography of North and Central America.—395, 438

Barry, Maltman (1842-1909)— English journalist, socialist; member of the

International, of the General Council (1871-72) and of the British Federal Council (1872-74); delegate to the Hague Congress of the International (1872); supported Marx and Engels in the struggle against Bakuninists and reformist leaders of British trade unions; contributed to several conservative newspapers in the 1870s; after the dissolution of the International continued to take part in the British socialist movement.— 83

Bauer, Bruno (1809-1882)—German idealist philosopher, Young Hegelian; author of works on the history of Christianity; radical; National Liberal after 1866.—339

Bax, Ernest Belfort (1854-1926)—British socialist, historian, philosopher and journalist; one of the first exponents of Marxism in England from the early 1880s; from 1882 member of the Democratic Federation, transformed into the Social-Democratic Federation in 1884; was prominent among its left-wing members; took an active part in socialist agitation in London; maintained friendly relations with Frederick Engels from 1883; a founder and a leader of the British Socialist Party in 1911.—163, 185

Bayshawe, F.— English physician.— 420

Bazin, Gustave — an active participant in the French working-class movement, socialist, member of the French Workers' Party in the 1880s, delegate to the Rheims Congress (1881), was arrested on the charge of instigation to civil war in late November 1882; Guesde's supporter.—391, 397

Bebel, August (1840-1913)—prominent figure in the German and international working-class movement; turner; member of the First International; deputy to the North German (1867-70) and to the German Reichstag (1871-81 and from 1893); a founder and leader of the German Social-Democrats; friend and associate of Marx and Engels.—10-12, 35, 77-79, 87-88, 99, 137-39, 154, 173, 188, 259-61, 266, 279, 280-83, 289, 291, 294, 325, 326, 328, 330, 333, 334, 349-51, 353, 357, 386, 390, 414-17, 421, 433, 442, 453-55, 469

Bebel, Julie (1843-1910) —August Bebel's wife.—417, 458

Becker, Elisabeth (d. 1884)—Johann Philipp Becker's wife.— 159

Becker, Johann Philipp (1809-1886) — prominent figure in the international working-class movement; brush-maker; took part in the German and Swiss democratic movements in the 1830s and 1840s and in the 1848-49 revolution; prominent figure in the First International in the 1860s, delegate to all its congresses; editor of Der Vorbote

(1866-71); friend and associate of Marx and Engels.— 7-9, 23, 38, 50, 76, 80, 151-52, 159-60, 196, 197, 299, 311, 314, 404, 405, 407

Beesly, Edward Spencer (1831-19-15) — British historian and politician, bourgeois radical, positivist, professor at London University (1860-93); defended the International and the Paris Commune in the English press (1870-71).—89, 118

Bennigsen, Rudolf von (1824-1902) — German politician, advocate of Germany's unification under Prussia's supremacy; President of the National Association (1859-67); from 1867 leader of the Right-wing of the National Liberal Party, which defended the interests of the big industrial bourgeoisie; deputy to the German Reichstag (1871-83 and 1887-98).—373

Bernstein, Eduard (1850-1932) — German Social-Democrat from 1872; editor of Der Sozialdemokrat (1881-90); came

out with a revision of Marxism after Engels' death.—8, 58-59, 73-75, 85-87, 126-29, 137, 144-51, 152-55, 165-66, 172-74, 186-90, 203-08, 210, 244, 247-48, 250-52, 256, 260, 285, 291, 300-02, 323-26, 331-34, 335, 341, 345, 346-48, 352, 353-58, 359-62, 364, 365, 373, 377, 379, 380, 386, 389, 390, 395, 407-08, 413, 430-36, 442, 445-48, 450, 459

Beust, Adolf—German physician, Friedrich von Beust's son, Engels' relative.— 26, 30, 35, 36, 39, 244, 326

Beust, Friedrich von (1817-1899) — Prussian army officer, member of the committee of the Cologne Workers' Association (1848); an editor of the Neue Kölnische Leitung (September 1848-February 1849); later a teacher; took part in the foundation of the International's section in Zurich in 1867.—30, 76, 89, 290

Bevan — Charles Roesgen's wife.— 346

Bismarck (in full Bismarck-SchSnhausen),

Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince von (1815-1898) — statesman of Prussia and Germany, diplomat; Prime Minister of Prussia (1862-71 and 1873-90) and Chancellor of the German Empire (1871-90), author of the Anti-Socialist Law (1878).—4, 11, 40, 43, 53, 73-75, 78,80,83, 112, 146, 175, 178, 182, 183, 187, 191, 192, 208, 209, 256, 261, 282, 324, 327, 348, 350, 359, 386, 415, 433, 441, 454

Blanc, Jean Joseph Charles Louis (1811-1882) — French petty-bourgeois socialist, historian, member of the Provisional Government and President of the Luxembourg Commission in 1848; pursued a policy of conciliation with the bourgeoisie; emigrated to England in August 1848; a leader of the petty-bourgeois refugees in London; deputy to the National Assembly (1871), opposed the Paris Commune.— 53, 408 Bleichröder, Gerson von (1822-1893) — German financier, head of a big banking house in Berlin; Bismarck's personal banker and unofficial adviser in financial matters; in 1871 Bismarck consulted him on the question of indemnities imposed on France.— 112, 114

Blind, Mathilde (née Cohen) (1841-1896) — English translator, authoress and poetess, Karl Blind's stepdaugh-ter.—425

Blommestein — Dutch financier, owner of the French newspaper Citoyen in the early 1880s.—343, 346-47, 356

Bios, Wilhelm ( 1849-192 7 ) — German journalist and politician; member of the Social-Democratic Workers' Party from 1872; deputy to the Reichstag (1877-1918, with intervals); Prime Minister of the Württemberg Government (1918-20).—203, 259, 279, 433

Blum, Robert (1807-1848) —German democratic journalist, leader of the Left in the Frankfurt National Assembly; took part in the defence of Vienna against counter-revolutionary forces in October 1848; court-martialled and executed after the fall of the city.— 281

Bodenstedt, Friedrich von (1819-1892) — German poet, journalist and translator.— 235

Böcker—Eduard Gumpert's wife.— 114, 117

Böcker, Berta — sister of the above.— 114

Bonaparte, Louis—see Napoleon III

Bonaparte, Prince Napoleon Joseph Charles Paul (1822-1891) —son of Jerome Bonaparte, cousin of Napoleon III; known under the nicknames of Plon-Plon and the Red Prince.— 53

Bontoux, Paul Eugene (1820-1904) — French engineer and financier, took part in building railways and factories

in France, Austria, Hungary and Serbia; one of the founders (1878) and director of the Union générale joint-stock bank in Paris, set up on the Legitimists' and clericals' funds; was sentenced in 1882 to five-year imprisonment for speculative machinations; emigrated.—402, 408

Borkheim, Sigismund Ludwig ( 1826-1885)—German democratic journalist, took part in the 1849 Baden-Palatinate uprising, emigrated after its defeat; London merchant from 1851, was on friendly terms with Marx and Engels.—6, 9, 24, 46

Bouis, Casimir Dominique (1843-1916) — French journalist, Blanquist, member of the Central Committee of the National Guard and of the Paris Commune; Chairman of the Commission which investigated the activity of the Government of National Defence; after the suppression of the Commune banished to New Caledonia; member of the French Workers' Party in the 1880s, member of the editorial board of L'Égalité (1882).—358, 389

Bracke, Wilhelm (1842-1880)—German Social-Democrat; publisher of socialist literature in Brunswick; a founder (1869) and a leader of Social-Democratic Workers' Party (Eisenachers), member of the Social-Democratic group in the Reichstag (1877-79).—294

Bradlaugh, Charles (1833-1891) — English journalist and politician, radical, atheist; editor of the weekly National Reformer from 1860; opponent of Marx and the International Working Men's Association.— 52-54, 214

Bradshaw — English businessman.— 29

Brassey, Thomas, Lord (1836-1918) — English economist and politician; big railway and shipbuilding contrac-tor; Liberal M. P., Civil Lord of the Admiralty (1880-84).—83

Braun, Heinrich (1854-1927) — German Social-Democrat, journalist; contributed to Die Neue Zeit (1883-88), took part in the publication of several other journals, later reformist.— 321

Brentano, Ludwig {Lujo) (1844-1931) — German economist; one of the major representatives of armchair socialism.— 65

Breuel, Ernst—German Social-Democrat, was banished from Hamburg under the Anti-Socialist Law; refugee in Copenhagen from the early 1880s; criticised the stand of the Sozialdemokrat's editors in 1882.— 259

Bright, Jacob ( 1821 -1899) — English politician, bourgeois radical, M.P., John Bright's brother.— 171

Bright, John (1811-1889)—English manufacturer and politician, a leader of the Free Traders and founder of the Anti-Corn Law League; M. P. (from 1843); leader of the Left wing of the Liberal Party from the early 1860s, held several ministerial posts.— 53, 171, 473, 474

Brimont—French Bonapartist, Charles Bradlaugh's acquaintance in Paris.— 53

Brissac, Henri (1823-1906)—participant in the French working-class movement, socialist, journalist; member of the Paris Commune, General Secretary of the Executive Committee, then of the Committee of Public Safety, banished to New Caledonia after the suppression of the Commune; returned to France after the 1880 amnesty, member of the French Workers' Party, an editor of L'Égalité in 1882; Guesde's supporter.—358, 389

Brousse, Paul Louis Marie (1844-1912) — French physician; socialist;

participant in the Paris Commune; lived in emigration after its suppression, sided with the anarchists; joined the French Workers' Party in 1879; a leader and ideologist of the Possibilists, an opportunist trend in the French socialist movement.—11, 141, 145-47, 149, 154, 155, 173, 181, 190, 282, 289, 309, 333, 339, 341, 342, 345, 350, 374, 380, 406-07, 456

Brown, John (1800-1859)—American farmer; a prominent leader of the revolutionary wing of the abolitionist movement; took an active part in the armed struggle against the slave-own-ers in Kansas (1854-56); attempted to organise a revolt of black slaves in Vir-ginia in 1859; was tried and executed.—77

Brown, Willard—American socialist, journalist, Marx's acquaintance in the 1880s.—99, 170

Brunswick, Charles Frederick August William of (Braunschweig, Karl Friedrich August Wilhelm von) (1804-1873) — Duke of Brunswick from 1823, overthrown in early September 1830, emigrated; tried to return to power with the help of a number of European states; maintained contacts with democratic émigrés in the 1840s-50s; published the Deutsche Londoner Leitung.— 258

Brunswick, Ferdinand, Duke of (1721-1792)—general in the Prussian service; during the Seven Years' War (from November 1757) commander of the Prussian and Allied troops, which fought against the French and Austrian armies.— 158

Bückler, Johann (1777-1803)—German robber, nicknamed Schinderhannes (Hannes the Skinflint).— 206, 281

Burke, Thomas Henry (1829-1882) — British statesman, permanent Irish Under-Secretary from 1869 to 1882; killed by members of the Irish terrorist organisation 'The Invincibles' on 6 May 1882.—254, 288

Bürkli, Karl (1823-1901)—Swiss socialist, economist and journalist; took part in the 1848-49 revolution in Germany; an organiser and leader of the First International in Zurich, delegate to the Geneva (1866) and Secretary of the Lausanne (1867) congresses of the International; a founder and leader of the Swiss co-operative movement.— 177, 181, 189, 197, 209

Burleigh, Bennet (1839-1914)— English journalist, one of the first directors of the Central News information agency (founded in 1870).—37, 38

Burns, Lydia (Lizzy, Lizzie) (1827-1878) — Irish working woman, Engels' second wife.—104

Burns, Mary Ellen — see Röscher, Mary

Ellen

C

Caesar (Gains Julius Caesar) (c. 100-44 B.C.)—Roman general, statesman and writer, author of Commentarii de hello Gallico.— 382

Cafiero, Carlo (1846-1892) — participant in the Italian working-class movement, member of the First International; pursued the General Council's line in Italy in 1871; one of the leaders of the Italian anarchist organisations from 1872, abandoned anarchism at the end of the 1870s; published a summary of Volume One of Marx's Capital in Italian (1879).—392

Caird, James (1816-1892)—Scottish agri-culturist, Liberal M. P. (1857-65), author of works on the land question in England and Ireland.— 31

Calonne, Charles Alexandre de (1734-1802) — French statesman, Controller-General of Finance (1783-87); a leader

of the counter-revolutionary emigres during the French Revolution.— 73

Candelari, Romeo — Italian journalist, contributed to the Plebe in the 1880s.—392

Carlos I—see Charles V

Cartesius, Renatus (Descartes, René) (1596-1650) — French philosopher, mathematician and naturalist.— 384

Cassagnac — see Granier de Cassagnac, Ber-nard Adolphe

Casthelaz — Maurice Casthelaz's mother.—219, 240

Casthelaz, Maurice — French physician and pharmaceutist, Marx's acquaintance.—219, 222, 224, 226, 233, 240, 246

Catherine II (1729-1796) —Empress of Russia (1762-96).—205

Cavendish, Frederick Charles, Lord (1836-1882) — English statesman and politician, Liberal M. P. from 1865; appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland in May 1882; killed by members of the Irish terrorist organisation 'The Invin-cibles' on 6 May 1882.—254, 288

Cavour, Camilla Benso, conte di (1810-1861) — Italian statesman, head of the Sardinian Government (1852-59 and 1860-61), pursued a policy of unifying Italy under the supremacy of the Sa-voy dynasty relying on the support of Napoleon III; headed the first government of united Italy in 1861.— 191

Cazot, Théodore Joseph Jules (1821-1913) — French statesman, moderate bourgeois republican, lawyer; opposed the Second Empire regime, was in prison from 1851 to 1859; General Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Government of National Defence (1870), deputy to the National Assembly (from 1871), Minister of Justice (1879-January 1882), Gambetta's supporter.— 117

Chamberlain, Joseph (1836-1914) — British statesman, Mayor of Birmingham (1873-76), member of William Gladstone's cabinets (1880-85 and 1886).—171

Chamisso, Adelbert von (1781-1838) — German romantic poet.— 439

Charles I ( 1600-1649) — King of Great Britain and Ireland (1625-49), executed during the English revolution.— 69

Charles HI (1818-1889) —Prince of Monaco (1856-89).—259, 262, 273

Charles V (1500-1558) —Holy Roman Emperor (1519-56) and King of Spain under the name of Charles (Carlos) I (1516-56).— 240

Charles X (1757-1836)—King of France (1824-30).—175

Cherbuliez, Antoine Elisée (1797-1869)—Swiss economist, wanted to combine the teaching of Sismondi with elements of Ricardo's theory.— 100

Churchill, Randolph Henry Spencer, Lord (1849-1895)—British statesman, a leader of the Conservatives, Secretary of State for India (1885-86), Chancellor of the Exchequer (1886); advocate of colonial expansion, opponent of the Home Rule for Ireland.— 83

Cieszkowski, August (1814-1894) — Polish philosopher and economist, owner of an estate in the Posen district from 1847; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848; member of the Prussian Provincial Diet (from 1852).—177, 181, 189

Cissey, Ernest Louis Octave Courtot de (1810-1882)—French general and politician; took part in the suppression of the Paris Commune, commanded the Versailles Corps; elected to the National Assembly (1871); War Minister (1871-

73 and 1874-76), was accused of high treason in 1880 and resigned.— 474

Claude.— 240

Clemenceau, Georges Eugène Benjamin (1841-1929) — French statesman and journalist, leader of the Party of Radicals from the 1880s; Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1906-09 and 1917-20).—45, 61, 92, 108, 333, 339, 361-62

Clowes, Morris A.— American journalist, correspondent of the Mew-York Star for Ireland in the early 1880s, Theodor Friedrich Cuno's acquaintance.— 105

Cobden, Richard (1804-1865) —English manufacturer and politician; a leader of the Free Traders and founder of the Anti-Corn Law League; Member of Parliament (1841-65).—171

Coghill, J.G.Sinclair—English physician in Ventnor.— 366

Colins, Jean Guillaume César Alexandre Hippolyte, baron de (1783-1859)—French petty-bourgeois economist, Belgian by birth.— 100-01

Collet, Charles Dobson — English radical journalist and public figure, an editor of the Urquhartist newspaper Free Press (1859-65) and publisher of the journal Diplomatic Review from 1866.—92, 471, 472 Constans, Jean Antoine Ernest (1833-1913) — French statesman, moderate republican; Minister of the Interior (1880-81 and 1889-92), pursued a policy aimed at the suppression of the working-class movement.— 117

Costa, Andrea ( 1851 -1910) — prominent figure in the Italian working-class and socialist movement, a leader of anarchist organisations in Italy in the 1870s; criticised anarchism in 1879, subsequently campaigned for an independent political workers' party; a founder and leader of the Revolutionary Socialist Party of Romagna (1881-91); M.P. from 1882.—358, 454

Cowen, Joseph (1831-1900)—British politician and radical journalist; supported the Chartists; an organiser of the meeting in defence of Garibaldi in Newcastle in September 1862; M.P. from 1874.—76, 423, 424

Cowper, Francis Thomas de Grey, Lord (1834-1905)—British statesman, Liberal, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1880-April 1882); nephew of the following.— 251

Cowper-Temple, William Francis, Baron Mount Temple from 1880 (1811-1888)—British statesman, M. P., held portfolio in a number of Liberal cabi-nets, Palmerston's stepson.— 251

Crié—French journalist, anarchist; an editor of the Citoyen et Bataille from 1882.—347

Cromwell, Oliver (1599-1658)—leader of the English revolution, Lord Protec-tor of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1653.—68

Cuno, Theodor Friedrich (pseudonym Capes-tro, Frederico) (1846-1934) — prominent figure in the German and international working-class movement, socialist; corresponded with Engels (1871-72); actively opposed the anarchists in Italy; organiser of the Milan Section of the International; delegate to the Hague Congress (1872); after the Congress emigrated to the USA and took part in the International's activities there; later participant in the American working-class and socialist movement.— 466

D

Da Costa, Charles Nicolas Maurice (b. 1846) —French socialist, Blanquist, took part in the Paris Commune; emigrated to England; after the defeat of

the Commune sentenced in absentia to ten years' imprisonment; returned to France after the 1880 amnesty; withdrew from active political life; published a book about Blanquists (1911); Charles Longuet's friend; Eugène François Da Costa's elder son.— 18, 19

Da Costa, Eugene Francois (1818-1888) — professor of mathematics in Paris.—18, 19

D'Alembert, Jean Baptiste Le Rond (1717-1783) — French philosopher and mathematician.— 380

Daniels, Amalie (née Müller) (1820-1895) — wife of Roland Daniels, a leader of the Communist League.— 167, 180

Daniels, Roland—son of the above.— 167

Danielson, Nikolai Frantsevich (pseudonym Nikolai — on) (1844-1918) — Russian economist and writer, a theoretician of liberal Narodism (Populism); corresponded with Marx and Engels for many years; completed the translation of Volume One of Marx's Capital begun by Hermann Lopatin and also translated the second and third volumes.—30-32, 60-64, 160, 161

Dante, Alighieri (1265-1321) — I talian poet.—291, 439

D'Arsonval, Jacques Arsène (1851-1940) — French physiologist, physicist and biophysicist.— 364

Darwin, Charles Robert (1809-1882) — English naturalist, founder of the theory of natural selection of spe-cies — 251, 274, 318, 377, 437

Davitt, Michael (1846-1906) —Irish revolutionary democrat, a leader of the national liberation movement in Ireland; an organiser (1879) and leader of the Land League, advocate of the Home Rule in Ireland, M.P. ( 1895-99) ;

took part in the English working-class movement.— 301

Deckend, Hermann Friedrich Alexander (1814-1890) — German statesman, Chairman of the Bank of Prussia (from 1864), then of the Reichsbank (1875-90), member of the State Council (from 1884).—257

Deinhardt, C.— a Munich engineer.— 442, 443 Delachaux — a doctor and surgeon in

Interlaken (Switzerland).— 253, 254

Demuth, Helene (Lenchen, Nim, Nym) (1820-1890)—housemaid and friend of the Marx family.—92, 96, 113, 115-16, 124, 132,136,164,170,174-75, 200, 215, 224, 284, 285, 297, 299, 315, 316, 319, 328, 331, 340, 345, 372, 397, 417, 426, 440, 456, 458, 462, 465, 475

De Paepe, César Aimé Désiré (1841-1890)—Belgian socialist, compositor, subsequently physician; one of the founders of the Belgian Section of the International (1865); member of the Belgian Federal Council; delegate to the London (1865) Conference, the Lausanne (1867), Brussels (1868) and Basle (1869) congresses and to the London (1871) Conference of the International; following the Hague Congress (1872) supported the Bakuninists for some time; a founder of the Belgian Workers' Party (1885).—146, 312

Deprez, Marcel ( 1843-1918) — French physicist and electrician; worked on the problem of electric energy transmission.—364, 374, 449

Derby, Edward Geoffrey Smith Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby (1799-1869)— British statesman, Tory leader, Prime Minister (1852, 1858-59 and 1866-68).—70

Détroyat, Pierre Léonce (1829-1898) — French journalist and writer, naval officer; Bonapartist; took part in

the Crimean (1853-56) and Franco-Prussian (1870-71) wars; owner and editor of several newspapers in the 1870s-80s; Emile de Girardin's relative.—53

Deville, Gabriel Pierre (1854-1940) — French socialist, active member of the French Workers' Party, journalist; author of a popular exposition of the first volume of Marx's Capital, and also of a number of philosophic, economic and historical works, delegate to the International Socialist Workers' Congress (1889), abandoned the working-class movement in the early 20th century.—199, 282, 297, 386-87, 389, 402, 413

Dietz, Johann Wilhelm (1843-1922) — German publisher; Social-Democrat, founder of the Social-Democratic publishing house, deputy to the Reichstag from 1881.— 437

Dietzgen, Joseph (1828-1888)— German Social-Democrat, tanner; delegate to the Hague Congress of the International (1872).—172

Dilke, Ashton Wentworth (1850-1883)—British politician, journalist and traveller, bourgeois radical, owner and editor of the Weekly Dispatch from the early 1870s, M. P. (1880-83).—83, 211, 214

Dilke, Sir Charles Wentworth, Baronet (1843-1911) — British politician and writer; a leader of the Radical wing of the Liberal Party, Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs (1880-82), president of the local government board (1882-85).—83, 211, 365, 373

Disraeli, Benjamin, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield (1804-1881) — British statesman and author, a Tory leader; Chancellor of the Exchequer (1852, 1858-59 and 1866-68) and Prime Minister (1868 and 1874-80).—53, 83, 90 Donkin, Horatio Bryan (1845-1927)—English physician, who treated Marx and his family between 1881 and 1883.—82, 91, 97, 106, 110, 113, 124, 133, 134, 157, 211, 215, 218, 226, 240, 262, 340, 345, 371, 456, 458, 461

Doria, Andrea (1468-1560) —Genoese ad-miral and politician; ruler of Genoa (1528-60); from 1528 was in the service of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor; navy commander in an expedition against Algeria (1541).— 241

Douai, Carl Daniel Adolph (1819-1888) — French-born journalist; petty-bourgeois democrat, later socialist; took part in the 1848-49 revolution in Germany, emigrated to the USA in 1852; took part in the American socialist movement; editor of several socialist papers, the New Yorker Volkszeitung (1878-88) among them; contributed to the Vorwärts.— 25

Dourlen — Gustave Dourlen's wife.— 116

Dourlen — Gustave Dourlen's sister-in-law.— 116

Dourlen, Gustave—French physician in Argenteuil, who treated Marx and his family in 1881 and 1882.—107, 110, 111, 113, 116, 118, 135,200,232,274-75, 276, 284, 297, 308, 309, 310, 319, 326, 331, 337, 338, 339

Dozon, Auguste (1822-1891) — French diplomatic official and writer; com-piled and translated collections of Balkan folklore.—207

Duden, Charles Théodore Eugène (1812-1888) — French journalist and politician, moderate republican; member of the National editorial board (1840-46); Minister of Finance (May-June 1848).—339

Dufferin and Ava, Frederick Temple Hamilton- Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquis of (1826-1902)—British statesman

and diplomat, Liberal, member of Gladstone's Cabinet (1868-72), big landowner in Ireland.— 424

Dühring, Eugen Karl (1833-1921) — German eclectic philosopher, economist and jurist, petty-bourgeois socialist, lecturer at Berlin University (1863-77).—434

Durando — French professor of botany in Algiers in the early 1880s.— 241

Duverger, Artur (real name Boégoert, Bo-

gaert, Boégaert) — Belgian journalist, member of the Socialist Party from 1879; correspondent of the Egalité for Belgium in the early 1880s.— 312

E

Eccarius, Johann Georg (1818-1889) — German tailor and journalist, prominent figure in the German and international working-class movement, member of the League of the Just and later of the Communist League; a leader of the German Workers' Educational Society in London; member of the General Council of the First International (1864-72), the Council's General Secretary (1867-71); Corresponding Secretary for America (1870-72); delegate to all the International's congresses and conferences; supported Marx up to 1872; joined the leaders of the British trade unions in the spring of 1872.—123

Engels, Charlotte (née Bredt) (1833-1912) — wife of Emil Engels, Frederick Engels' brother.— 178-79

Engels, Elisabeth (b. 1861) — Frederick

Engels' niece, Emil Engels' daughter.—178-79 Engels, Emil (1828-1884)—Frederick Engels' brother, a partner in the Ermen & Engels firm in Engelskirchen.— 178-79 Engels, Emil (1858-1907) —Frederick Engels' nephew, Emil Engels' son.— 306-07

Engels, Hermann (1822-1905) — Frederick Engels' brother, manufacturer in Barmen, a partner in the Ermen & Engels firm in Engelskirchen.— 79

Epicurus (341-270 B.C.) —Greek atom-ist philosopher.— 462

Erbslöh, Carl Alexander (b. 1854) — August Erbslöh's son, husband (from 1882) of Elisabeth Engels, Engels' niece.— 178-79

Erbslöh, Carl August (1819-1894) — German businessman in Barmen, Engels' acquaintance.— 178

Erlanger, Michel (1828-1892) — merchant, employee at the Rothschild banking house in France; Rothschilds' representative in Egypt in the 1880s.—337

Ermen — businessmen in Manchester, partners in the Ermen & Engels and the Ermen & Roby firm.— 307

Euler, Leonhard (1707-1783) — mathematician, expert in mechanics and physicist of Swiss de-scent, worked at the St Petersburg (1727-41 and 1766-83) and Berlin (1741-66) Academies of Sciences.— 57, 380

F

Farre, Jean Joseph Frédéric Albert (1816-1887) — French general, War Minister (1879-81).—117, 474

Fermé—French lawyer, republican; was banished to Algeria during the Second Empire, later a judge of a civil tribunal in Algeria; Charles Longuet's and Paul Lafargue's acquaintance.— 200, 202, 210, 214, 217, 219, 221, 229-30, 232, 234, 238, 239, 241, 249, 264

Fermé— wife of the above.— 238

Feugier—French physician in Enghien, who treated Marx from June to August 1882.— 275, 276, 297, 303, 304, 308, 319, 326

Fielding, Henry (1707-1754) — English writer.— 329

Fitzgibbon, Gerald ( 1793-1882) — Irish lawyer and journalist, author of Ireland in 1868 — 70

Fleckles, Ferdinand (died c. 1894) — German physician, practised in Karlsbad, Marx's acquaintance.— 36, 47

Fleury.— 267

Florestan I (1785-1856) —Prince of Monaco (1841-56).—273

Forster, William Edward (1818-1886)—British manufacturer and politician, Liberal M.P., Chief Secretary for Ireland (1880-82); pursued a policy of brutal suppression of the national liberation movement.— 251

Fortin, Edouard—French journalist, socialist, member of the French Workers' Party.—55

Fourier, François Marie Charles (1772-1837) — French Utopian socialist.— 200

Frankel, Léo (1844-1896) — prominent figure in the Hungarian and the international working-class movement; jew-eller; member of the Paris Commune; Corresponding Secretary of the General Council of the First International for Austria and Hungary (1871-72); delegate to the London Conference (1871) and the Hague Congress (1872) of the International; a founder of the General Workers' Party of Hungary; delegate to several congresses of the Second International; associate of Marx and Engels.— 183

Frederick II (the Great) (1712-1786) —King of Prussia (1740-86).— 30 Frederick William II (1744-1797) — King of Prussia (1786-97).—391, 432, 434-35

Frederick William III (1770-1840) — King of Prussia (1797-1840).—282

Frederick William IV (1795-1861) —King of Prussia (1840-61).—127 Freeman, Edward Augustus (1823-1892) — English historian, Liberal, professor at Oxford University from 1884.—417

Freycinet, Charles Louis de Saulses de

(1828-1923) —French statesman and diplomat, moderate bourgeois republican; held ministerial posts several times, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1879-80, 1882, 1886 and 1890-92) and Minister of Foreign Affairs (1879-80, 1882 and 1886).—298

Freytag, Otto — German lawyer, Social-Democrat, deputy to the Saxon Provincial Diet.— 41

Fritzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (1825-1905) — a reformist leader of the German Social-Democratic and trade union movement; tobacco-worker; took part in the 1848-49 revolution; one of the founders (1863) and leaders of the General Association of German Workers; follower of Lassalle; joined the Eisenachers in 1869; deputy to the North German and the German Reichstag (1868-71 and 1877-81).—75, 77, 431, 447 Furnivall, Frederick James (1825-1910) — English philologist and editor; Christian socialist, founded a few literary societies, the New Shakespeare Society and the Early English Text Society among them.— 182, 372

G

Galliffet, Gaston Alexandre Auguste, marquis de (1830-1909) — French gen-

eral; commanded a cavalry regiment during the Franco-Prussian war; was taken prisoner at Sedan but was released to fight the Commune; commanded a cavalry brigade in the Versailles army; held a number of high military posts from the 1870s.— 133

Gambetta, Léon ( 1838-1882 ) — French statesman, bourgeois republican; member of the Government of National Defence (1870-71); organised in the provinces military resistance to Prussia; Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs (1881-82).—45, 117, 126, 133, 298, 319, 333, 354, 361

Garcia, Charles J.— English journalist, London correspondent of the Sozialdemokrat in the early 1880s; Hyndman's supporter.—333, 348, 359

Garibaldi, Giuseppe (1807-1882)— Italian revolutionary, democrat, took part in the revolutionary movement in South America in the 1830s and 1840s; chief organiser of the defence of the Roman Republic (April-July 1849); leader of the Italian national movement for the liberation and unification of the country in the 1850s-60s; headed the Alpine riflemen in the Italian war of 1859; supported the Paris Commune, greeted the foundation of the International's sections in Italy in the 1870s.—274, 317

Geiser, Bruno (1846-1898)—German Social-Democrat, journalist, editor of the journal Neue Welt, deputy to the Reichstag (1881-87).—244, 259, 279, 433

George, Henry (1839-1897)—American journalist, economist and politician.— 93, 99-101, 162

Girardin, Emile de (1806-1881)—French journalist and politician, editor of La

Presse in the 1830s-60s (with intervals) and of La Liberté (1866-70); moderate republican during 1848-49 revolution;

deputy to the Legislative Assembly (1850-51); later Bonapartist; notorious for his lack of principles in politics.— 53, 472

Gladstone, William Ewart (1809-1898)—British statesman, Tory and later Peelite, leader of the Liberal Party in the latter half of the 19th century; Chancellor of the Exchequer (1852-55 and 1859-66), Prime Minister (1868-74, 1880-85, 1886 and 1892-94).—40, 53, 54, 75, 80, 82-84, 86, 90, 121, 172, 185, 251, 286, 288, 319, 353, 365, 373 Godard—French anarchist, journalist.— 355, 383, 389

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von ( 1749-1832) — German poet.— 110, 126, 230, 260, 268

Gorbunova (in the second marriage Kab-lukova) Minna Karlovna (1840-1931) — Russian statistician and economist, Narodnik writer; studied abroad the organisation of vocational training for a few years and corresponded with Engels in connection with this in 1880; studied female domestic crafts in Moscow Gubernia in the 1880s; contributed to the journal Otechestven-niye Zapiski.—17-18, 19, 20, 21

Gorchakov, Alexander Mikhailovich, Prince (1798-1883) — Russian statesman and diplomat; envoy to Vienna (1854-56); Foreign Minister (1856-82).—83

Goschen, George Toachim, Viscount of Hawk-hurst from 1900 (1831-1907) —British statesman and politician; German by birth; at first Liberal; M. P. from 1863, member of Government several times, author of a number of works on economics.— 381, 424

Gould, Jay (1836-1892)— American millionaire, railway owner and financier.— 63 Graham, Sir James Robert George (1792-

1861)—British statesman, Whig and later Peelite; Home Secretary (1841-46), First Lord of the Admiralty (1830-34 and 1852-55).—365

Grant — English manufacturer.— 27-29, 33 Granier de Cassagnac, Paul Adolph Marie Prosper ( 1843-1904) — French journalist and politician; known for his duels and sharp polemics.— 345

Green, Lisa.— 96

Grévy, François Jules Paul (1807-1891)—French statesman, moderate republican; President of the Republic (1879-87).—117, 127

Grillenberger, Carl (1848-1897) — German fitter, editor, head of a Nuremberg printing house; member of the German Social-Democratic Workers' Party from 1869, publisher and editor of Social-Democratic newspapers in Nuremberg; organised the distribution of the Sozialdemokrat in South Germany; deputy to the German Reichstag (1881-97); member of the Party leadership (1884-90); an opportunist in the 1880s.—431, 455

Grimaldi—dynasty of Monaco princes; has reigned from the 14th century up to the present (with an interval from 1793 to 1814).—273

Grimaldi, Lamberto (died c. 1494) — Prince of Monaco (1457-c. 1494).— 273 Guesde, Jules (Mathieu Jules Bazile) (1845-1922) — prominent figure in the French and international working-class movement; republican at the beginning of his career; sided with the anarchists in the first half of the 1870s; later a founder of the French Workers' Party (1879) and exponent of Marxism in France; leader of the revolutionary wing of the French socialist movement for many years.—43, 44, 128, 145-50, 154, 173, 181, 183, 190, 199, 282, 289, 294, 297, 333, 346, 350, 355, 360, 362, 363, 370, 378, 380, 383, 385, 386, 387, 389, 397, 401, 402, 406, 441, 445, 474

Guizol, François Pierre Guillaume (1787-1874)—French historian and statesman, Orleanist; Foreign Minister (1840-48), Prime Minister (1847-48); virtually determined the home and foreign policy of France from 1840 to the February 1848 revolution; expressed the interests of the big financial bourgeoisie.— 100

Gumbel, Abraham — German Social-Democrat, refugee in France in the early 1880s; bank clerk in Paris (1883); author of letters to the editors of the Sozialdemokrat, in which he criticised the paper's position on the split in the French Workers' Party.— 430, 431

Gumpert, Eduard (d. 1893)—German physician resident in Manchester, a friend of Marx and Engels.— 24, 114, 117

H

Hales, John (b. 1839)—British trade unionist; weaver; member of the General Council of the International ( 1866-72) and its Secretary (1871-72); delegate to the London Conference (1871) and the Hague Congress (1872) of the International; headed the reformist wing of the British Federal Council from the beginning of 1872; expelled from the International in 1873.— 52

Hänel, Albert (1833-1918)—German politician, professor of history of state law, leader of the Party of Progress group in the Reichstag (1867-93 and 1898-1903), then sided with the Party of Free Thinkers,— 178

Hanssen, Georg (1809-1894)— German economist; author of a few books on

the history of agriculture and agrarian relations.— 403

Harney, George Julian (1817-1897)—prominent figure in the English labour movement; a Chartist leader (Left wing); editor of The Northern Star, Democratic Review, Red Republican and Friend of the People; lived in the USA (1862-88); member of the International; was on friendly terms with Marx and Engels.—77, 93, 293

Harry — see Longuet, Henri

Hartmann, Georg Wilhelm — German worker; member of the General Association of German Workers; from 1875 one of the two chairmen of the Executive Committee of the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany; deputy to the Reichstag (1878-81).—82, 138

Hartmann, Lev Nikolayevich ( 1850-1908) — Russian revolutionary, Narodnik (Populist); took part in a terrorist act of the Narodnaya Volya (People's Will) group against Alexander II in 1879, following which emigrated to France; representative of the Narodnaya Volya group abroad; left London for the USA at the end of 1881.—82, 92-94, 95, 96, 138, 278, 320, 376, 381, 391, 395, 400, 404, 413, 422, 470

Haschert, Lina — Carl Hirsch's wife.— 292

Hasselmann, Wilhelm (1844-1916) — one of the leaders of the Lassallean General Association of German Workers (1871-75).—10, 43, 431

Hatzjeldt, Sophie, Countess von (1805-1881) — friend and supporter of Ferdinand Lassalle.—12

Hatzfeldt- Wildenburg, Edmund, Count von — Sophie von Hatzfeldt's husband.—15

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770-1831) — German philosopher.— 131, 296, 354 Heine, Heinrich (1797-1856) — German revolutionary poet.— 187, 430

Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von (1821-1894)—German physicist and physiologist, author of Über die Erhal-tung der Kraft (1847).—226

Henry VI (1421-1471)— King of England.—399

Henry VII (1457-1509) —King of England (1485-1509).—399, 454

Henry VIII (1491-1547) —King of England (1509-47).—454

Hepner, Adolf (1846-1923)— German bookseller and journalist; one of the founders of the Social-Democratic Workers' Party (1869); editor of Der Volksstaat (1869-73); one of the accused at the Leipzig High Treason Trial (1872); delegate to the Hague Congress of the International (1872); contributed to socialist newspapers during emigration in the USA (1882-1908).—188, 260, 293-94, 369, 421, 422, 425, 455

Herzen, Alexander Ivanovich (1812-1870) — Russian revolutionary democrat, materialist philosopher and writer; left Russia in 1847, from 1852 lived in England where he established the Free Russian Press and published the periodical Polyarnaya ^oezda (Pole Star) (1855-62, 1869) and the newspaper Kolokol (The Bell) (1857-67).—193

Hess, Sibylle (née Pesch) (1820-1903) —Moses Hess' wife.—164

Heubel, Julius Christoph — small official in Salzwedel (Prussia), Jenny Marx's grandfather.—158

Hilditch, Richard—English economist of the mid-19th century.— 100

Hirsch, Carl (1841-1900)—German Social-Democrat, journalist, editor of a few Social-Democratic newspapers;

expounded ideas of scientific socialism in Paris in the summer of 1879.— 5,51, 81, 90, 96, 106, 111, 112, 114-16, 122, 126, 225, 240, 248, 271, 291-93, 299, 301, 302, 311, 330, 360, 416

Hirsch, Max ( 1832-1905) —Germanecon-omist, prominent figure in the Party of Progress; together with Franz Duncker, founded reformist trade unions in 1868; deputy to the Reichstag (1869-93).—118, 119, 121, 123

Hirsch, Moritz (1831-1896) —Austrian banker, bourgeois philanthropist; got a concession to build a railway in Turkey in 1869.—248

Hbchberg, Karl (pseudonym Dr Ludwig Richter) (1853-1885)— German social reformist; son of a rich merchant; joined the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany in 1876; founded and financed a number of newspapers and journals.—8, 42, 186, 279, 292, 448

Hbdel {Hoedel), Emil Heinrich Max (1857-1878)—an apprentice from Leipzig; made an attempt on the life of William I on 11 May 1878.—288

Hohenzollerns—dynasty of Brandenburg Electors (1415-1701), Prussian Kings (1701-1918) and German Emperors (1871-1918).—282, 434, 447

Honoré IV (1758-1819)— Prince of Monaco (1814-19).—273

Horace {Quintus Horatius Flaccus) (65-8 B.C.)—Roman poet.—235

Howell, George (1833-1910) —British mason, a reformist leader of the British trade unions; former Chartist; Secretary of the London Trades Council (1861-62), participant in the inaugural meeting of the International held on 28 September 1864 at St Martin's Hall, London; member of the General Council of the International (October 1864 to 1869); participant in the London Conference of the International (1865); Secretary of the Reform League; Secretary of the Parliamentary Committee of the Trades Union Congress (1871-75); opposed revolutionary tactics.—155, 185

Hugues, Clovis (1851-1907)—French poet, journalist and politician; was close to radicals; supporter of the Paris Commune; deputy to the National Assembly from 1881.—408

Hume—English physician in London.— 240

Hyndman, Henry Mayers (pseudonym John Broadhouse) (1842-1921) —British socialist, reformist; founder (1881) and leader of the Democratic Federation, transformed into the Social-Democratic Federation in 1884.—49-50, 82, 102-03, 162, 228, 234, 251, 348, 423

Hyndman, Mathilda (d. 1913)—Henry Mayers Hyndman's wife from 1876.— 49, 50, 82, 103

I

Ignatiev, Nikolai Pavlovich, Count (1832-1908)—Russian diplomat and statesman, ambassador to Turkey ( 1864-77), Russia's representative at the signing of the San Stefano Peace Treaty (1878); Minister of the Imperial Do-mains (1881-82), then Minister of the Interior.— 194, 363

Irving, Henry (1838-1905)—famous English producer and actor; played in a number of Shakespeare's tragedies.—82, 104, 158

J

Jaclard, Charles Victor (1840-1903)—French socialist, Blanquist, journalist, physician and mathematician; member of the International and of the Paris Commune, following the suppression of the Paris Commune

emigrated to Switzerland and then to Russia; after the 1880 amnesty returned to France, where continued to take part in the socialist movement.— 116

Janson, Tuli Eduardovich (1835-1893) — Russian statistician and economist, professor at St Petersburg University, head of a statistical department of the Petersburg City Council (from 1881); author of a few works on the theory and history of statistics.— 64.

Jeffrey—American engineer and inventor.—96

Jenny — see Longuet, Jenny

Jervis—Lafargue's partner in publishing business in England in the early 1880s.—28-29, 33, 34

Joffrin, Jules François Alexandre (1846-1890) — French socialist, mechanic; an organiser of the Mechanics' Syndicate in Paris; took part in the Paris Commune; after its suppression refugee in England (1871-81); member of the French Workers' Party, a leader of its Possibilist wing, member of the Paris City Council from 1882.—173, 181, 183, 190, 362

Johnny — see Longuet, Jean Laurent Frédéric

Jollymeier, Jollymeyer—see Schorlemmer, Carl

Jonas, Alexander (d. 1912)—German-born American socialist, journalist, editor-in-chief of the Mew Yorker

Volkszeitung from 1878.—422

Jourde, François (1843-1893) — French socialist, bank employee; member of the French Section of the International; member of the Central Committee of the National Guard and of the Paris Commune; head of the Finance Commission; banished to New Caledonia after the suppression of the Commune; escaped in 1874; returned to France in 1880.—408 Julius II (1443-1513) —Pope (1503-13).— 399

Jung—see Vezin, Jane Elisabeth

Juta, Johann Carl (1824-1886) — Dutch merchant, Marx's brother-in-law, husband of Marx's sister Louise.— 65

K

Kablukov, Nikolai Alexeyevich (1849-1919) — Russian economist and statistician, Narodnik (Populist); professor at Moscow University.— 64

Kapell, August (b. 1844)—German Social-Democrat, carpenter, Lassallean; member of the General Association of German Workers in the 1860s-early 1870s; a founder and leader of the General Association of German Carpent-ers; deputy to the Reichstag (1877-78), was banished from Hamburg under the Anti-Socialist Law (1880); later abandoned political activity.— 282

Karl von Hohenzollern, Prince (1801-1883) —son of King Frederick William III of Prussia.— 434

Katkov, Mikhail Nikiforovich (1818-1887)—Russian revolutionary journalist, editor of Moskovskiye Vedomosti (1850-55 and 1863-87).—194

Kaub — Karl Kaub's wife.— 116

Kaub, Karl — German worker, a refugee in London and after 1865 in Paris; member of the German Workers' Educational Society in London; member of the Central (November 1864 to 1865) and the General (1870-71) Council of the International, participated in the London Conference of 1865.—115, 116

Kaufmann, S. F.— German refugee in London, member of the German Workers' Educational Society in London in the 1880s.—72

Kaulitz — notary in Brunswick, G. Kaulitz's father.— 37

Kaulitz, G.— German Social-Democrat, refugee in London, Engels' acquaintance.—37, 39

Kautsky, Karl (1854-1938)— German Social-Democrat, journalist, economist and historian, editor of Die Neue £eit

(1883-1917); associated with Marxists in the 1880s; author of several theoretical works on Marxism; an ideologist of Centrism in the German Social-Democratic Party and the Second International.—56-58, 77, 81, 86, 95, 99, 120, 122, 126, 129, 138, 140-43, 150, 155, 165-66, 174, 190-95, 211, 248, 292, 299, 302, 320-23, 325, 348, 376-77, 434, 435-38, 451-53

Kautsky, Louise (née Strasser) (1860-1950) — Austrian socialist, Engels' secretary from 1890; delegate to the Zurich Congress of the Second International (1893); Karl Kautsky's first wife.—377

Kautsky, Minna (1837-1912)— German writer, author of a few novels on social themes; Karl Kautsky's mother.— 82, 141, 142-44

Kayser, Max (1853-1888)—German journalist; member of the Social-Democratic Workers' Party of Germany; deputy to the Reichstag (1878-87), belonged to the right wing of the Social-Democratic group.— 153, 311, 431-32

Keay, John Seymour (1839-1909) — big English bank official in India (1862-82), Liberal; took part in the political life of India and England.— 381

Kegel, Max (1850-1902)—German journalist and poet; joined the Social-Democratic Workers' Party in 1869; contributed to various workers' press organs (the 1870s-80s) and was impris-oned for this several times during the operation of the Anti-Socialist Law; founder and editor of the Social-Democratic journals Mußknacker and

Wahre Jakob (the 1880s); author of the party anthem.— 128, 137

Kerdijk, Arnold (1846-1905) — Dutch public figure and journalist, Liberal, close to armchair socialism.— 65

Kiepert, Johann Samuel Heinrich (1818-1899) — German geographer and car-tographer, professor at Berlin University from 1859, compiled a number of geographic atlases.— 207

Kindlinger, Nikolaus ( 1749-1819) — German historian.— 403

King, Philip Stephen — bookseller in London, corresponded with Marx from 1867.—19, 367, 378

Koch, Robert (1843-1910)— German scholar, a founder of modern microbiol-ogy; discovered the pathogens of tuber-culosis and cholera in the 1880s.— 262

Kolkmann — bookseller in London.— 378

Kolldr, Jan (1793-1852)— Slovak poet and philologist, a leader of the national movement, advocated the unity of the Slav peoples within the framework of the Austrian Empire (Austro-Slavism).— 194

Korvin-Krukovskaya (Jaclard), Anna Vasi-lyevna (1843-1887)—Russian revolutionary, member of the Russian Section of the First International; took part in the Paris Commune; Charles Victor Jaclard's wife.— 116

Kotzebue, August Friedrich Ferdinand von (1761-1819) — German writer and journalist, extreme monarchist.— 111

Kovalevsky, Maxim Maximovich (1851-1916) — Russian sociologist, historian, ethnographer and lawyer; politician, Liberal; author of a number of works on the history of the primitive communal system.— 45, 295

Kraus, Bernard (1828-1887) —Austrian physician, founder and publisher of the Allgemeine Wiener medizinische Leitung

(1856-87).—6

Kryloff, Wanda.— 346

Kunemann (born c. 1828) —German physician in Monte Carlo, who treated Marx in May and early June 1882.— 254, 262-64, 267, 270, 273, 275

L

Labouchere, Henry (1831-1912)—British politician, diplomat and journalist, Liberal M.P.; an owner of the Daily News from the late 1860s.— 54 Lafargue, Laura (1845-1911) — Marx's second daughter; was active in the French working-class movement; translated into French many of Marx's and Engels' works; Paul Lafargue's wife from 1868.—23, 25, 26, 30, 35, 96, 114, 118, 164, 170, 175, 186, 200, 215, 216, 222, 228, 238, 240, 244, 245, 252, 262, 277, 296, 297, 299, 303, 304, 309, 312, 315, 318, 320, 328, 329, 331, 336, 337, 338, 339-41, 344-46, 352, 363, 369, 396-99, 401, 402, 406, 413, 417, 421, 439-41, 456-57, 465

La/argue, Paul (1842-1911)—prominent figure in the French and international working-class movement; member of the General Council of the International (from 1866); a founder of the French Workers' Party (1879); follower and associate of Marx and Engels, husband of Marx's daughter Laura from 1868.—12, 15, 23, 25-30, 32-35, 38, 43, 61, 64, 99, 106, 118, 128, 144-45, 147, 148, 150, 155, 170, 174, 181, 183, 186, 190, 200, 220-22, 224, 240; 244, 251, 266, 271, 275, 276-78, 282, 291, 297, 299, 332, 340, 343-50, 351-52, 354, 356, 357, 358, 361, 363, 369-70, 374, 375, 378, 379, 383, 385, 387-91, 396, 398, 399, 401, 402, 404, 406, 413, 421, 424, 426, 441, 445, 456-57, 465

Laffitte, Jacques ( 1767-1844) — French banker and liberal politician, headed the government in the early period of the July monarchy (1830-31).—73

Lagrange, Joseph Louis (1736-1813) — French mathematician and mecha-nic— 380

Landor, Walter Savage (1775-1864) — English poet, writer and critic; was suspected of being an accom-plice in Orsini's attempt on the life of Napoleon III in 1858.—83

Langland, William (c. 1330-c. 1400) — English poet.— 371

Lankester, Sir Edwin Ray (1847-1929)—English biologist, professor from 1874.—64, 82, 262, 461

Lassalle, Ferdinand (1825-1864) — German writer and lawyer; participated in the democratic movement in the Rhine Province (1848-49); founder of the General Association of German Workers (1863); an initiator of the opportunist trend within the German Social-Democratic movement.— 12, 15, 82, 146, 158, 191, 230, 294, 324, 325, 332, 343, 354

Laura — see Lafargue, Laura

Laveleye, Emile Louis Victor, baron de

(1822-1892)—Belgian historian and vulgar economist.— 157, 392

Lavrov, Pyotr Lavrovich (1823-1900) — Russian philosopher, subjec-tive sociologist and journalist, an ideologist of the revolutionary Narodism (Populism); emigrated in 1870; member of the International and of the Paris Commune, edited the journal Vperyod! (1873-76) and the newspaper Vperyod (1875-76).—124-25, 184-86, 201, 211-12, 218, 235, 244, 271, 284, 295, 464

Law, Harriet (1832-1897) — a leading fig-

ure in the atheist movement in England; member of the General Council (June 1867 to 1872) and of the Manchester Section of the International (1872); published the Secular Chroni-cle (1876-79).—54

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646-1716)—German philosopher and mathematician.— 380, 384

Lem(c)ke, Gottlieb (c. 1844-1885) — member of the German Workers' Educational Society in London.—79

Lenchen — see Demuth, Helene

Leonhardt, Gerhard Adolf Wilhelm (1815-1880)—German lawyer and statesman, Minister of Justice in Hanover (1865-66) and Prussia (1867-79).—189

Lessner, Friedrich (1825-1910) — German tailor; member of the Communist League; took part in the 1848-49 revolution; defendant at the Cologne Communist trial (1852); refugee in London from 1856; member of the German Workers' Educational Society in London; member of the General Council of the International (1864-72) and of the British Federal Council (1872-73); friend and associate of Marx and Engels.—52, 463

Liebknecht, Natalie (1835-1909)— wife of

Wilhelm Liebknecht from 1868.— 137

Liebknecht, Wilhelm (1826-1900) — prominent figure in the German and international working-class movement, took part in the 1848-49 revolution, member of the Communist League and of the International, deputy to the North German Reichstag (1867-70), deputy to the German Reichstag from 1874 (with intervals); one of the founders and leaders of the German Social-Democratic Party; friend and associate of Marx and Engels.—3, 4, 12, 24, 35, 38, 40, 42, 50, 78, 80, 86, 99, 138, 164, 188, 261, 301, 304, 328, 334, 336, 348, 351, 370, 373, 442, 447, 455, 458, 469-70, 473

Lilienthal, F. W.— German physician, refugee in New York (the 1880s), was close to socialists.— 278, 368

Lingenau, Johann Karl Ferdinand (c. 1814-1877) — German-born American socialist, bequeathed his money to the German Social-Democratic Party.— 99

Lissagaray, Prosper Olivier (1838-1901) — French journalist; took part in the Paris Commune, adhered to the bourgeois-democratic 'new Jacobins' group, emigrated to England after the defeat of the Commune; author of the Histoire de la Commune de 1871 (1876), returned to France in 1880, published La Bataille (1882-83, 1888-93), a newspaper which opposed Guesde and Lafargue, leaders of the French Workers' Party.—116, 134, 150, 289, 309, 343, 346, 356

Littré, Maximilien Paul Emile (1801-1881)—French philosopher, philologist and politician.— 473

Longuet, Charles (1839-1903) — prominent figure in the French working-class movement, journalist, Proudhonist; member of the General Council of the International (1866-67, 1871-72), Corresponding Secretary for Belgium (1866), delegate to the Lausanne (1867), Brussels (1868) and Hague (1872) congresses and the London Conference (1871); member of the Paris Commune (1871), later joined the Possibilists, member of the Paris City Council (the 1880s-90s), husband of Marx's daughter Jenny from 1872.—19, 23, 44, 47, 52-55, 61, 81, 84, 90, 92, 96, 98, 107, 108, 109, 111, 135, 136, 157, 199, 200, 202, 212, 219, 220, 224, 230, 232,

285, 295, 303, 309, 310, 313, 316, 327, 330, 340, 364, 369, 375, 408, 424, 426, 457, 469-74, 475

Longuet, Charles (Caro) (September 1873-July 1874) — son of Jenny and Charles

Longuet, Marx's grandson.— 156

Longuet, Edgar (1879-1950) —son of Jenny and Charles Longuet, Marx's grandson.—3, 61, 81, 89, 90, 95, 96,

107, 110, 135, 158, 160, 164, 165, 219, 225, 230, 240, 296, 303, 316, 327, 340, 426, 470

Longuet, Félicitas—Charles Longuet's mother.—Ill, 113, 303

Longuet, Henri (Henry, Harra, Harry) (1878-1883)—son of Jenny and Charles Longuet, Marx's grandson.— 23, 61, 81, 89, 90, 95, 107, 108, 110, 111, 135, 136, 158, 160, 164, 165, 219, 225, 230, 240, 250, 256, 303, 316, 327, 340, 371, 417, 464, 470, 475

Longuet, Jean Laurent Frédéric (Johnny) (1876-1938) —son of Jenny and Charles Longuet, Marx's grandson.— 23, 61, 81, 85, 89, 90, 95, 96, 98, 107,

108, 109, 110, 115, 158, 160, 164, 165, 199, 219, 225, 230, 231, 232, 240, 250, 296, 303, 308, 312, 316, 318, 320, 328, 340, 353, 372, 378, 379, 417, 421, 424, 426, 475

Longuet, Jenny (née Marx) (1844-1883) — Marx's eldest daughter, prominent figure in the international working-class movement, wife of Charles Longuet from 1872.-^23, 61, 67-70, 81-85, 89-92, 95-96, 97-98, 106, 109, 110, 111, 113, 116, 117, 134-35, 142, 143, 156-59, 160, 164-65, 169, 199, 212, 217, 218-19, 220-21, 223-25, 230, 232, 240, 250, 255, 259, 265-66, 271-72, 276, 277, 278, 284, 289, 296, 303, 309, 310, 311, 315-17, 328, 329, 330,

331, 338, 340, 345, 402, 413, 417, 419, 420, 421, 424-26, 429, 430, 434, 458, 461, 469-75 Longuet, Jenny (1882-1952) —daughter of Jenny and Charles Longuet, Marx's granddaughter.—303, 329, 331

Longuet, Marcel (1881-1949)—son of Jenny and Charles Longuet, Marx's grandson — 89, 95, 96, 107, 110, 111, 158, 160, 164, 165, 219, 225, 230, 240, 250, 256, 303, 316, 340, 426

Lopatin, Hermann Alexandrovich (1845-1918) — Russian revolutionary Narodnik, member of the General Council of the International (1870), one of the translators into Russian of the first volume of Marx's Capital, friend of Marx and Engels.— 64

Loria, Achille (1857-1943)— Italian sociologist and economist.— 48, 298, 345-46, 449

Louis XVI ( 1754-1793) — King of France (1774-92), executed during the French Revolution at the end of the 18th century.—208

Louise, Auguste Wilhelmine Amalie (1776-1810) —Queen of Prussia, wife of Frederick William III, daughter of Karl Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.—282'

Lowe, Robert, 1st Viscount Sherbrooke (1811-1892) —British statesman and journalist, contributed to The Times; Whig, later Liberal, M.P., Chancellor of the Exchequer (1868-73), Home Secretary (1873-74).—376

Ludwig I (1786-1868) —King of Bavaria (1825-48).—249

Lullier, Charles Ernest (1838-1891)—French journalist, retired naval officer, took part in the insurrection of 18 March 1871, member of the Central Committee of the National Guard and its commander-in-chief (18-25 March 1871), waged propaganda against the Paris Commune, exiled to New Caledonia after the suppression of the Commune.— 150

M

Macaulay, Thomas Babington (1800-1859) — English historian and politician, Whig, M. P.—83

Macdonald, Alexander (1821-1881) — an English trade union leader, President of the National Miners' Union, M. P. from 1874, pursued a Liberal policy.— 3

Mace—French captain of the Said.— 246, 249

Maceo, Antonio (c. 1848-1896) — Cuban revolutionary, general, a leader of the liberation movement against the Spanish rule, active in the popular uprisings (1868-78, 1881 and 1895), killed in action.—353

Machiavelli, Niccolb (1469-1527) — Italian politician, historian, military theorist and writer.— 262

MacLean — English house-owner in Ventnor (Isle of Wight).— 366

Magnadère — Armand Magnadère's mother.— 221

Magnadère, Armand (à. 1882)—bank official in Paris.—221

Mahmud Damat Pasha (Djelal Eddin)

(1840-1884) —Turkish statesman, member of the war council, repeatedly War Minister, demoted (1878) and exiled; returned in 1880; sentenced (1881) to life exile for his involvement in the assassination of the Sultan Abdul-Aziz; brother-in-law of Abdul-Hamid IL — 247-48

Mahmud Nedim Pasha (1810-1883) — TurkisH statesman, Governor-General of Syria and Smyrna, Naval Minister (1856), Grand Vizier (1871-76, with intervals), fell under strong influence of Ignatiev, Russian Ambassador; had to resign under public pressure in 1876, Minister of the Interior (1879-83).—247-48 Maitland—Dolly Maitland's father, acquaintance of the Marx family.— 82

Maitland, Clara — Dolly Maitland's sister.—82

Maitland, Dolly — English actress, acquaintance of the Marx family.— 82, 104, 124, 177

Malon, Benoît (1841-1893)—French socialist, member of the International, delegate to the Geneva Congress (1866), deputy to the National Assembly (1871), member of the Paris Commune, after the suppression of the Commune emigrated to Italy and then to Switzerland; later a leader and ideologist of the Possibilists, took part in the foundation of the Bakuninist Alliance of Socialist Democracy ( 1868).— 11, 12, 43, 45, 127, 145-47, 150, 154, 155, 173, 181, 190, 192, 282, 289, 309, 332, 339, 341, 342, 343, 345, 350, 352, 356, 360, 362, 363, 370, 373, 374, 380, 384, 386, 387, 388, 392, 408, 433, 456, 465

Mais — French journalist, anarchist, member of the editorial board of the Citoyen et Bataille.— 346, 347

Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766-1834) — English clergyman and economist, author of a theory of population.—58

Manning, Henry Edward (1808-1892) — English clergyman, converted into Catholicism in 1851, cardinal from 1875; was close to Christian socialism.— 416

Maret, Henry (1838-1917)—French radical journalist, an editor of the Marseil-laise, deputy to the National Assembly from 1881.—117, 154, 383, 389

Marlborough — English ducal family. — 83

Marius, Gaius (c. 156-86 B.C.)—Roman

general and statesman, Consul (107,

104-100, 86 B.C.).—382

Marx, Eleanor (Tussy) (1855-1898) — Marx's youngest daughter, prominent figure in die British and international working-class movement, married Edward Aveling in 1884.— 6, 36, 41, 82, 89, 91, 95, 98, 104, 108, 109, 113, 117, 120, 124, 132-33, 134-35, 137, 143, 159, 164, 165, 169-72, 175, 176, 180, 182, 184, 186, 198, 199, 215, 216, 219, 225, 227, 230, 244, 245, 262, 263-65, 266, 276, 277, 280, 295, 296, 298, 303-04, 308, 309, 312, 315, 318, 320, 328, 330, 331, 335, 340, 345, 351, 366, 371-72, 378, 379, 394, 412, 417-18, 420, 421, 422-24, 426, 456, 461, 463, 470, 475

Marx, Heinrich (1777-1838) —Marx's father, lawyer, councillor of justice in Trier.—157

Marx, Jenny (née son Westphalen) (1814-1881) — Marx's wife from June 1843.—7, 23, 24, 36, 41, 46, 47, 48,49, 60, 61, 81, 82, 89, 91, 95, 96, 98, 101, 102, 103, 104, 107, 109, 110, 113, 115, 116, 117, 118, 124, 125, 130, 132, 135, 136, 143, 151, 155-58, 159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 170, 196, 235, 365, 458, 461, 475 Mason—Lafargue's English partner in publishing business in the early 1880s.—33, 34 Massard, Entile — French socialist, journalist, member of the French Workers' Party (withdrew from it in the 1880s); secretary of the editorial board of the Égalité in the early 1880s.—224, 355, 389, 402, 473, 474

Maurer, Georg Ludwig Ritter von (1790-1872) — German historian, studied the social system of ancient and medieval Germany.—109, 336, 395, 400, 403, 407, 416, 455

Maxse, Frederick Augustus (1833-1900) — English journalist, admiral, Comt-ist, contributed to the newspaper Justice in the 1880s.—84 Mayer, Karl ( 1819-1889) — German petty-bourgeois democrat, deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (1848-49); after the defeat of the revolution emigrated to Switzerland, edited the newspaper Beobachter in the 1860s.—243

Mazzini, Giuseppe ( 1805-1872) — leader of the national liberation movement in Italy, head of the Provisional Government of the Roman Republic (1849), an organiser of the Central Committee of European Democracy in London (1850), tried to gain an influence over the International when it was being formed (1864), opposed the Paris Commune and the International in 1871, hindered the development of the independent Italian working-class movement.— 83

McGuire, P.J.— American socialist and trade union leader, reformist, member of the US Socialist Party, a leader of the Carpenters' Union in the 1880s; delegate to the international socialist congress in Chur in 1881.—143

Medici, Lorenzo (1449-1492) — statesman and poet, ruler of Florence (1469-92).—273

Mehring, Franz (1846-1919)—prominent figure in the German working-class movement, historian, journalist; became Marxist in the 1880s; author of works on the history of Germany and German Social-Democracy, biogra-pher of Karl Marx, an editor of the jVeue £eit magazine, a leader and theoretician of the German Left-wing Social-Democrats, played a prominent part in the foundation of the Communist Party of Germany.—292, 299, 301, 302, 330, 335, 377

Meissner, Otto Karl (18I9-1902) — Hamburg publisher, published Capital and some other works by Marx and Engels.—158, 161, 423, 425

Meitzen, August (1822-1910)—German statistician, economist and historian, author of works on the history of agrarian relations in Germany, an official of the statistical departments in Prussia and the German Empire in 1867-82.—403

Mesa y Leompart, José (1840-1904) — printer, prominent figure in the Spanish working-class and socialist movement, an organiser of the International sections in Spain, member of the Spanish Federal Council (1871-72) and of the New Madrid Federation (1872-73), actively fought anarchism, one of the first exponents of Marxism in Spain, a founder of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (1879), translated a number of works by Marx and Engels into Spanish.—128, 150, 199, 297, 346

Meyer, H.— member of the German Workers' Educational Society in London.—9-10 Meyer, Rudolf Hermann (1839-1899) — German bourgeois economist and journalist, Conservative.—157, 416, 434, 437, 449, 465

Mill, James (1773-1836)—English economist and philosopher, follower of Ricardo's theory.—100

Mill, John Stuart (1806-1873) — English economist and positivist philosopher, son of the above.— 100, 333

Miguel, Johannes (1828-1901) — German lawyer, politician, banker; member of the Communist League up to 1852, later a National Liberal, deputy to the North German and the German Reichstag (1867-77 and 1887-90).—449

Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Victor Riqueti,

comte de (1749-1791) — leading figure in the French Revolution, advocate of constitutional monarchy.— 156, 290, 434-35 Mohammed {Mahomet, Muhammed) (c. 570-632)—founder of Islam.—242, 247, 425

Molière (real name Jean Baptiste Poquelin) (1622-1673)—French dramatist.— 164

Mommsen, Theodor (1817-1903) — German historian, author of works on the history of Ancient Rome.—178

Moore, Samuel (1838-1911) — English lawyer, member of the International, translated into English the first volume of Marx's Capital (in collaboration with Edward Aveling) and the Manifesto of the Communist Party, friend of Marx and Engels.—3, 26, 30, 35, 98, 166, 175, 215, 306, 307, 319, 378, 380

Morley, Samuel (1809-1886)— English industrialist and Liberal politician, M.P. (1865, 1868-85).—54, 359

Most, Johann Joseph (1846-1906) — German anarchist, joined the working-class movement in the 1860s, deputy to the German Reichstag (1874-78), emigrated to England in 1878 after the promulgation of the Anti-Socialist Law; founder (1879) and editor of the Freiheit; as an anarchist, expelled from the German Socialist Workers' Party in 1880, emigrated to the USA in 1882 where continued his anarchist propaganda.— 7, 10, 39, 42, 43, 59, 75, 78, 80, 81-83, 86, 105, 141, 187, 260, 289, 325

Müllner, Amadeus Gottfried Adolf (1774-1829) —German poet, playwright and literary critic.— 263, 437

Murhard, Franz {Francis)—German refugee in the USA.— 46-47

N

Napoleon I Bonaparte (1769-1821) — French statesman and gener-

al, first Consul of the French Republic (1799-1804), Emperor of the French (1804-14 and 1815).—188, 273, 327, 402

Napoleon III {Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte) (1808-1873) —nephew of Napoleon I; President of the Second Republic (December 1848 to 1851), Emperor of the French (1852-70).—53, 100, 191, 200, 210, 454

Necker, Jacques (1732-1804) — French banker and politician, several times Director General of Finance in the 1770s and 1780s, attempted to carry out reforms.— 73

Newton, Sir Isaac (1642-1727)— English physicist, astronomer and mathematician, founder of classical mechanics.— 380

Nicholls — an acquaintance of the Engels family in London.— 25

Nicholls, Sarah — an acquaintance of the Engels family in London, daughter of the above.— 25

Nieuwenhuis, Ferdinand Domela (1846-1919) —prominent figure in the working-class movement in Holland, a founder of the Dutch Social-Democratic Party, M.P. from 1888, delegate to the international socialist workers' congresses of 1889, 1891 and 1893, went over to anarchism in the 1890s.—16, 65-67, 166-67, 365

Nikitina, Varvara Nikolayevna (née Gendre)

(1842-1884)—Russian journalist, lived in Italy from the late 1860s, later in France, contributed to several French periodicals.—157

Nim, Nym — see Demuth, Helene

Nobiling, Karl Eduard (1848-1878)—German anarchist, made an attempt on the life of William I (1878) which served as a pretext for the introduction of the Anti-Socialist Law.— 175, 288 Nordau, Max Simon (real name Südfeld)

(1849-1923) —German-born French writer and journalist.— 112, 114

Norgale— bookseller in London.— 103

Novikova, Olga Alexeyevna (1840-1925) — Russian journalist, lived in England for a long time, was in fact a diplomatic agent of the Russian government under Gladstone's administration in the 1870s.— 319

O

O'Connell, Daniel (1775-1847)— Irish lawyer and politician, leader of the Liberal wing in the national liberation movement.—69, 286, 288

0'Donovan Rossa, Jeremiah (1831-1915)—a leader of the Fenian movement, published The Irish People (1863-65); was arrested in 1865 and sentenced to life imprisonment, amnestied in 1870, emigrated to the USA where he headed the Fenian organisation, retired from political life in the 1880s.—287

Offenbach, Jacques (1819-1880) —French composer, a founder of the classical operetta.— 268

Oldenburg, Heinrich — German Social-Democrat, journalist.— 365

Oldrini, Alessandro — I talian-born French socialist, fought on the side of France in the Franco-Prussian war (1870-71), lived in France in the 1870s-early 1880s, exiled from France in late 1882.-345

Oppenheimer, Moses — German Social-Democrat, was proved guilty of secret ties with the bourgeois press and em-bezzlement of Party funds (1883).— 447

Oswald, Eugen ( 1826-1912) — German journalist, democrat, took part in the

revolutionary movement in Baden (1848-49), emigrated to England after the defeat of the revolution.— 36-37

P

Palmerston, Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount (1784-1865) — British statesman, first Tory, from 1830 Whig, Foreign Secretary (1830-41 and 1846-51), Home Secretary (1852-55) and Prime Minister (1855-58 and 1859-65).— 251, 319, 365

Parker, Sarah — Engels' housemaid.— 135

Parnell, Charles Stewart (1846-1891) — Irish politician and statesman, Liberal, bourgeois nationalist, M. P. from 1875, Home Rule Party leader from 1877, a founder and leader of the Irish Land League (1880-81).—84, 86, 95, 471

Parnell, Miss.— 98

Parsons, William (c. 1570-1650) — English statesman, took part in the col-onisation of Ireland, big Irish land-owner, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland (1640-48), Privy Councillor from 1623, M.P.—68

Pauli, Ida — Philipp Viktor Pauli's wife.— 92

Pauli, Philipp Viktor (1836-after 1916) — German chemist, Carl Schorlemmer's friend, was on intimate terms with Marx and Engels, was in charge of a chemical plant in Rheinau, near Mannheim (1871-80).—92

Pearson, Carl (1857-1936) —English mathematician, biologist and philosopher, professor at University College in London from 1884; champion of socialist ideas and the working-class movement.— 60

Peel, Sir Robert (1788-1850) —British statesman, moderate Tory, Prime Minister (1834-35 and 1841-46), repealed the Corn Laws in 1846.—69, 365

Pelletan ( 1846-1915 ) — French bourgeois politician, journalist, editor-in-chief of the Justice from 1880, associated with the Left-wing Radicals.— 471

Péreire, Isaac (1806-1880) —French banker, Bonapartist, deputy to the Corps législatif; together with his brother Emile Péreire, founded the joint-stock bank Crédit Mobilier in 1852; it went bankrupt in 1867 and was liquidated in 1871; author of works on credit.— 73

Péreire, Jacob Emile (1800-1875) — French banker, adhered to the Saint-Simonists (1825-31), later a Bonapartist, a founder (1852) and director of the Crédit Mobilier.— 73

Perovskaya, Sofia Lvovna (1853-1881) — Russian revolutionary, prominent figure in the Narodnaya Volya (People's Will) secret society, executed for involvement in the assassination of Alexander II.— 96

Philips, Antoinette (Nannette) (c. 1837-1885) — Marx's cousin.— 246

Phillips, Wendell (1811-1884) — American public figure and politician, orator, a leader of the revolutionary wing in the abolitionist movement, advocated revolutionary methods in the struggle against the Southern slave-holders, joined the working-class movement in the 1870s, favoured the formation of an independent workers' party in the USA, joined the First International in 1871.— 77-78

Picard, Léon — French socialist, journalist, member of the French Workers' Party, an editor of the Egalité in the early 1880s.—352, 354, 358, 361, 389

Pickering—English physician in Cannes.—273

Piquand, Edouard—French lawyer, examining magistrate in Montluçon in the early 1880s.—397

Pitt, William (1759-1806)—British statesman, a Tory leader, Prime Minister (1783-1801 and 1804-06).—69

Plon-Plon — see Bonaparte, Prince Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul

Plutarch (c. 45-c. 127)—Greek moralist, writer and philosopher.— 273, 382

Podolinski, Sergei Andreyevich (1850-1891)—Ukrainian public figure, politician, scientist, Darwinist, one of the first propagandists of Marx's economic theory in the Ukraine; emigrated to Austria in 1871, later to France, lived in Switzerland from the 1880s; had contacts with Russian revolutionary emigres, an initiator of putting out socialist literature in Ukrainian in Vienna (1879); was personally acquainted with Marx and Engels, and regularly corresponded with them.— 410, 411, 412-13

Poliakov, Samuil Solomonovich (1837-1888)—railway entrepreneur and financier in Russia.— 248

Pollaky, Ignatius Paul — owner of a private police bureau in London in the early 1880s, contributed to the Foreign Police Gazette.— 390

Prendergast, John Patrick (1808-1893) — Irish historian, Liberal, author of works on the history of Ireland.— 68

Proudhon, Pierre Joseph (1809-1865) — French writer, petty-bourgeois socialist, economist and sociologist, a founder of anarchism.— 44, 93, 100, 177, 193, 472

Pumps — see Rosher, Mary Ellen

Puttkamer, Robert Victor von (1828-

1900) — Minister of the Interior in the German Empire (1881-88), initiated the persecution of Social-Democrats at the time of the Anti-Socialist Law.— 88, 431, 455

Pyat, Félix (1810-1889)—French journalist, playwright and politician, democrat; took part in the 1848 revolution, emigrated to Switzerland in 1849 and later to Belgium and England; opposed independent working-class movement, using the French Section in London, conducted a slander campaign against Marx and the First International; deputy to the National Assembly (1871), member of the Paris Commune (1871); emigrated to England after the suppression of the Commune, returned to France after the 1880 amnesty, published the newspaper Commune (September-November 1880).—43, 116

R

Raciborski, Adam (1809-1871) —Polish physician, took part in the 1830-31 insurrection in Poland, emigrated to France after the suppression of the insurrection.— 437

Rackow, Heinrich — German Social-Democrat, emigrated to London in 1879, a tobacco shop owner, member of the German Workers' Educational Society in London.— 7

Radford, Ernest — English lawyer, acquaintance of the Marx family, Dolly Maitland's husband.—82, 104, 475

Rat, John (1845-1915)—English economist and sociologist, contributed to the Contemporary Review in the 1880s, author of Life of Adam Smith.— 162, 185

Ranke, Johannes (1836-1916) — German physiologist and anthropologist, professor at Munich University.— 417

Rasch, Gustav (d. 1878)—journalist, lawyer, took part in the 1848-49 revolution, emigrated to Switzerland and then to France after the suppression of the revolution, member of the German Social-Democratic Party from 1873.— 206

Redgrave, Alexander—factory inspector in England.— 56, 368

Redpath — see Redgrave, Alexander

Regnard, Albert Adrien (b. 1836) — French radical journalist and historian, took part in the Paris Commune, emigrated to England after its suppression, returned to France after the 1880 amnesty.—67-69, 117

Reinhardt, Richard (1829-1898) —German poet, refugee in Paris; Heinrich Heine's secretary, friend of Marx and Engels — 170, 172, 285

Rendstone — Marx's acquaintance.— 134

Reynaud—French physician in Argenteuil.—Ill, 112, 113

Reynaud—wife of the above.— 111, 112, 113

Ricardo, David (1772-1823)— English economist.—16, 93, 100, 230

Richard III (1452-1485)—King of England (1483-85).—399

Richter, Eugen (1838-1906) —German Left-wing liberal politician, leader of the Party of Progress, member of the North German Reichstag (1867) and of the German Reichstag (1871-1906), a founder and leader of the Party of Free Thinkers (Deutsche Freisinnige Partei), opposed Bismarck, favoured free trade, fought Social-Democracy.— 178

Roby, Henry John (1830-1915)—English school teacher, author of a Latin grammar; partner in the Manchester firm of Ermen & Roby (1874-94), Liberal M. P. (1890-95).—307 Rochefort, Victor Henri, marquis de Rochefort

Luçay (1831 or 1830-1913)— French journalist and politician, Left-wing republican, published the journal La Lanterne (1868-69) and the newspaper La Marseillaise (1869-70); member of the Government of National Defence (4 September-31 October 1870), exiled to New Caledonia after the suppression of the Commune, monarchist from the end of the 1880s.—44, 47, 52, 82, 133, 309, 356

Rodbertus {Rodbertus-Jagetzow), Johann Karl (1805-1875) —German economist; a leader of the Left Centre in the Prussian National Assembly (1848), subsequently a theoretician of'state socialism'.— 416, 434

Roesgen, Charles—employee at the firm of Ermen & Engels in Manchester.— 346

Roodhuizen, A.— pastor in Zalt-Bommel, husband of Marx's cousin Antoinette Philips.—246

Roscoe, Sir Henry Enfield (1833-1915) — English chemist, author of chemical manuals.— 446

Rosher, Lilian (b. 1882)—Mary Ellen Rosher's daughter.—280, 306, 312, 316, 320, 323-24, 331, 340, 345, 346

Rosher, Mary Ellen (née Burns) [Pumps) (born c. 1860) —Lydia Burns' niece.— 25, 89, 95, 104, 108, 134, 135, 166, 174, 215, 228, 234, 280, 306, 307, 309, 316, 320, 323, 324, 328, 340, 345, 346, 372, 379, 403, 404, 414, 438, 465

Rosher, Percy White — English merchant, married Mary Ellen Burns in 1881.— 316, 329, 340, 381, 391, 397, 401, 438, 465

Rothaus — see Roodhuizen, A.

Rothschild, Alphonse de (1827-1905) — head of the Rothschild banking house in France.—170, 298, 337

Rowsell.— 381

Roy, Joseph — translator of the first volume of Marx's Capital and Ludwig Feuerbach's works into French.— 309, 310, 313, 472

S

Safafik, Pavel Josef (1795-1861) — Slovak philologist, historian and archaeologist, a Liberal leader in the movement for national independence, supported the programme of Austro-Slavism.— 206, 207

Saling, A.— German publisher of the

Börsen-Jahrbuch, an annual for bankers and industrialists.— 359

Samter, Adolph (1824-1883) —German economist, follower of Rodbertus.— 100

Sax, Emit (1845-1927)—Austrian economist.—323

Say, Jean Batiste Léon (1826-1896) — French politician and statesman, economist, bourgeois republican; an editor of the Journal des Débats, deputy to the National Assembly from 1871, Minister of Finance in 1872-82 (with intervals).— 170

Schdffle, Albert Eberhard Friedrich (1831-1903) — German economist and sociologist, advocated refusal from the class struggle.— 57, 73, 74, 146

Scheu, Andreas (1844-1927)—prominent figure in the Austrian and English socialist movement, edited the newspaper Gleichheit, member of the First International; emigrated to England in 1874, a founder and an active member of the Social-Democratic Federation in England.— 43

Schewitsch, Sergei Yegor ovich (1844-1912)—Russian-born American socialist, an editor of the New Yorker

Volkszeitung in the 1870s-80s — 369 Schinderhannes — see Bückler, Johann

Schmidt, Johann Karl Friedrich Elias— German secret police agent in Zurich.—436

Schneider, Catherine Jeanne Hortense (1838-1920)—French actress and singer.— 268

Schneidt, Karl—German journalist, took part in publishing Social-Democratic newspapers in Hamburg, emigrated to London in the early 1880s where sided with anarchists, an editor of the Freiheit.—\05, 236, 289

Schoeler, Lina — German teacher, friend of the Marx family.—95, 96, 98

Schorlemmer, Carl (1834-1892) — German organic chemist, dialectical materialist, professor at Manchester; member of the First International and of the German Social-Democratic Party, member of scientific societies in Britain, the USA and Germany; friend of Marx and Engels.—3, 39, 104, 156, 174-75, 215, 229, 244, 291, 306, 307, 309, 311, 316, 339, 340, 345, 404, 407, 409, 412, 436, 442-46, 461, 465

Schramm, Carl August (1830-1905) — German Social-Democrat, reformist, an editor of the Jahrbuch für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik; critic of Marxism in the second half of the 1870s, abandoned the working-class movement in the 1880s.— 8, 16, 177, 181, 189, 279

Schumacher, Georg (1844-1917)—German tanner, later merchant; deputy to the Reichstag (1884-98), belonged to the opportunist wing of the German Social-Democrats; sided with Liberals during the Reichstag elections of 1898; this caused his expulsion from the Social-Democratic Party.— 450

Schwitzguébel, Adhémar (1844-1895) — engraver, prominent figure in the Swiss

working-class movement, member of the First International, Bakuninist, a leader of the Alliance of Socialist Democracy and the Jura Federation, expelled from the International in 1873.-129

Scott, Sir Walter (1771-1832) —Scottish poet and novelist.— 206

Secondigné, Achille (Boubeau) — French journalist, an editor of the Citoyen in the early 1880s.— 145

Seguin, Arthur Edward Shelden (1809-1852) — English opera singer.— 95

Serraillier, Auguste (1840-1878) — shoemaker, prominent figure in the French and international working-class movement, member of the First International from 1864 and of the General Council of the First International (1869-72), Corresponding Secretary for Belgium, Holland and Spain (1870), and France (1871-72), member of the Paris Commune, delegate to the London Conference (1871) and to the Hague Congress (1872) of the International, member of the British Federal Council (1873-74), associate of Marx and Engels.— 53

Shakespeare, William ( 1564-1616) — English poet and dramatist.—312

Sherbrooke — see Lowe, Robert

Shipton, George (1839-1911) — prominent figure in the English trade union movement, reformist, secretary of the Amal-gamated Society of House Painters and Decorators, member of the Land and Labour League, edited The Labour Standard (1881-85), secretary of the London Trades' Union Council (1871-96).—119-20, 122-23, 140, 143, 197, 359, 368, 393

Shyman — a dentist in London.— 353

Sieber, Nikolai Ivanovich (1844-1888) — Russian economist, one of the first who defended and popularised the Marxian economic teaching in Russia.— 45, 64

Siemens, Carl Wilhelm (1823-1883) — German electrical engineer, businessman; lived in London from 1859 where he was in charge of the London branch of the German Siemens & Co., President of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1882 and member of other scientific societies, author of works on heat and electricity.— 92, 314, 384

Simon, John (1816-1904) — English physician, medical inspector in the Privy Council.— 140

Simon, Jules François Simon Suisse (1814-1896) — French statesman, idealist philosopher, moderate bourgeois republican, deputy to the Constituent Assembly (1848-49), member of the Government of National Defence, Minister of Public Education in it and in Thiers' government (1870-73), deputy to the National Assembly (1871), inspired the struggle against the Commune, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1876-77).—140

Singer, Paul ( 1844-1911 ) — prominent figure in the German working-class movement and in the Social-Democratic group in the Reichstag, active member of the Marxist wing in the Second International, member of the Board of the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany from 1887, its Chairman from 1890; deputy to the Reichstag from 1884 and Chairman of its Social-Democratic group from 1885.—260, 261, 433

Skaldin — see Telenev, Fyodor Pavlovich

Skobelev, Mikhail Dmilrievich (1843-1882)—prominent Russian general, took part in military expeditions to Central Asia (1873, 1875-76 and 1880-

81) and in the Russo-Turkish war (1877-78).—209, 235

Smith, Adam (1723-1790)— Scottish economist.— 16

Soetbeer, Georg Adolf (1814-1892) —German economist and statistician.— 257

Solari, Jean — Swiss socialist, journalist, editor of the Précurseur in the early 1880s.—405

Songeon — French democrat, member of secret workers' revolutionary societies in Paris during the 1848 revolution, emigre in London in the 1850s, Chairman of the Paris City Council in the 1880s.—317, 318

Sophocles (c. 497-406 B.C.)—Greek dramatist.— 230

Sorge, Adolph (d. 1907)—Friedrich Adolph Sorge's son, mechanical engineer, lived in the USA up to 1895; worked as an engineer in Baku oilfields in 1895-98, later moved to Germany.— 99, 161, 162, 177, 237, 280, 368

Sorge, Friedrich Adolph (1828-1906) — German teacher, took part in the 1848-49 revolution in Germany; emigrated to the USA in 1852 where he organised American sections of the International, secretary of the General Council, delegate to the Hague Congress (1872), General Secretary of the General Council in New York (1872-74), a founder of the Socialist Workers' Party of North America (1876-77), friend and associate of Marx and Engels.—24, 25, 42-47, 94, 98-101, 161-63, 177, 237, 278-80, 304-05, 368-70, 457, 460

Sorge, Katharina — Friedrich Adolph Sorge's wife.— 177

Soulié, Melchior Frédéric (1800-1847) — French revolutionary romantic writer and dramatist, republican;

opposed the Restoration, took an active part in the July 1830 revolution.— 441

Span, Berthold— German Social-Democrat, lawyer, exiled from Berlin (1881) on the strength of the Anti-Socialist Law, émigré in London in 1882 where he sided with German anarchists, followers of Most.— 236

Spence, Thomas (1750-1814) — English Utopian socialist, advocated abolition of private property in land and establishment of the agrarian socialism.— 228

Stansfeld, James (1820-1898)— English statesman and Liberal politician, M.P. (1859-95), held responsible government posts, Mazzini's friend.— 83

Stephann — German-born physician in Algiers in the 1880s, treated Marx (second half of February-late April 1882).—214, 2-15, 217, 218, 219, 221, 223, 224, 226, 230, 232, 233, 235, 240, 241, 243, 245-47, 249, 250, 254, 262-63, 267, 274

Stephann — father of the above.— 247

Stiebeling, George — German-born American statistician and petty-bourgeois journalist, member of the Central Committee of the sections of the First International in the USA, was expelled from the International for his splitting activities, member of the Socialist Workers' Party of North America, wrote several economic articles.— 369

Stieber, Wilhelm (1818-1882) — chief of the Prussian political police (1850-60), an organiser of and principal witness for the prosecution at the Cologne Communist trial (1852), together with Wermuth wrote Die Communisten-Verschwörungen des neuenzehnten Jahrhun-derts.— 65

Stoecker, Adolph (1835-1909) —German clergyman and politician, founder (1878) and leader of the Christian-

Social Party close to the extreme Right wing of the Conservatives, opposed the working-class socialist movement, preached anti-Semitism, deputy to the Reichstag from 1881.—73-74, 434

Strasser, Louise—see Kautsky, Louise

Strausberg, Bethel Henry (real name Baruch

Hirsch Strausberg) ( 1823-1884) — German-born English railway entre-preneur, ruined in 1875.— 382

Swan, Joseph Wilson (1828-1914) — English physicist, an inventor of the electric lamp.— 391, 395

Swinton, John (1830-1901) — Scottish-born American journalist, editor of several major New York newspapers, among them The Sun (1875-83), founder and editor of the weekly John Swinton's Paper (1883-87).—22-23, 40-41, 43, 77, 93, 99

T

Tacitus, Publius Cornelius (c. 55-c. 120) — Roman historian, orator and politician.—382, 383, 394

Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles Maurice de

(1754-1838) —French diplomat, Foreign Minister (1797-99, 1799-1807 and 1814-15), represented France at the Vienna Congress (1814-15).—273

Tanner, Henry S. (b. 1830)—American physician.— 133

Taylor, Ellen M — 333

Taylor, Helen ( 1831 -1907) — English public figure and politician, participated in the movement for women's political rights; supported the demand for Ireland's autonomy in 1880-85, took part in the foundation of the Democratic Federation (1881); follower of Hyndman; John Stuart Mill's step-daughter.—333

Terence, {Publius Tereniius Afer) (c. 190-159 B. C.) —Roman author of comedies.— 147

Terry, Ellen Alicia (1847-1928)—English dramatic actress, famous performer of Shakespearean roles.—104

Theisz, Albert Frederic Jules (1839-1881) — metal-worker, prominent figure in the French working-class movement, Proudhonist, member of the Paris Commune, emigrated to England after the suppression of the Commune, member of the General Council of the International (1871).— 44

Thierry, Jacques Nicolas Augustin (1795-1856) — French liberal, historian of the Restoration.— 414

Thiers, Louis Adolph (1797-1877) — French historian and statesman, Prime Minister (1836 and 1840), head of the Orleanists after 1848, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1871), organised the suppression of the Paris Commune (1871), President of the Republic (1871-73).—52

Tissot, Victor (1845-1917) — French writer and journalist, lived in Switzerland up to 1874, later in France; contributed to the Gazette de Lausanne et Journal Suisse from 1868 and edited it during the Franco-Prussian war, an editor of the Figaro in 1891-93.— 112

Trouchu, Louis Jules (1815-1896) — French general and politician, Orleanist, took part in the conquest of Algeria (the 1830s-40s), the Crimean (1853-56) and Italian (1859) wars; head of the Government of National Defence, commander-in-chief of the Paris armed forces (September 1870-January 1871), sabotaged the defence of the city, deputy to the National Assembly (1871).— 469

Tupper, Martin Farquhar (1810-1889) — English writer, author of Proverbial Philosophy.— 96

Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, baron de

l'Aulne (1727-1781)—French economist and statesman, Physiocrat, Con-troller-General of Finance (1774-76).—73, 230

Tussy — see Marx, Eleanor (Tussy)

V

Vallès, Jules Louis Joseph (1832-1885)—French writer, politician and journalist, republican; was imprisoned several times for his struggle against the Second Empire; member of the First International and of the Paris Commune, member of the Commission of Education and Foreign Relations; edited the Cri du Peuple (1871), was close to the Blanquists and Proudhonists; emigrated to England after the suppression of the Commune; edited the Cri du Peuple in France from October 1883.—127

Vezin, Jane Elisabeth (1827-1902) — English actress, performed Shakespearean roles, acquaintance of the Marx family.— 176

Viereck, Laura — Louis Viereck's wife.— 99, 141, 442

Viereck, Louis (1851-1921) — German publisher and journalist, a leader of the Right wing in the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany at the time of the Anti-Socialist Law; deputy to the Reichstag (1884-87); dismissed from all responsible Party posts by decision of the 1887 St Gallen congress; emigrated to America in 1896 and withdrew from the socialist movement.—75, 77, 93, 99, 139, 141, 259, 279, 350, 430, 431, 442-44, 445-47, 449, 450

Virchow, Rudolf (1821-1902)—German naturalist, founder of cellular pathol-ogy; politician, a leader of the Party of Progress; opposed Darwinism in the late 19th century.— 317

Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maw) (70-19 B.C.) — Roman poet.— 235

Vischer, Friedrich Theodor (1807-1888) — German Hegelian philosopher, author of a voluminous treatise on aesthetics.— 235

Vivanti, Anna — sister of the German journalist and writer Paul Lindau; acquaintance of the Marx family.— 165

Vogt, Karl (1817-1895)—German naturalist, petty-bourgeois democrat, deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848-49; one of the five imperial regents (June 1849), emigrated to Switzerland in 1849, received subsidies from Napoleon III in the 1850s and 1860s, slandered proletarian revolutionaries, exposed by Marx in his pamphlet Herr Vogt.— 280

Vollmar, Georg Heinrich von (1850-1922)—German Social-Democrat, a leader of the opportunist, reformist wing of German Social-Democracy, edited the Sozialdemokrat (1879-80), was repeatedly elected deputy to the German Reichstag and Bavarian Landtag.—332, 336, 342, 349, 350, 352, 357, 360, 363, 373, 379, 386, 388, 408

W

Wagener, Hermann ( 1815-1889) — German journalist and politician, ideologist of Prussian Junkers, edited the Neue Preußische Teilung (1848-54), a founder of the Prussian Conservative Party, Privy Councillor in the Bismarck government (1866-73), favoured 'state socialism'.— 393

Waldhorn — see Walstone, Charles

Walstone (Waldstein), Charles (1856-1927) — English archaeologist, acquaintance of the Marx family.— 5, 82

Walter—German worker.— 321

Warren, Joseph (1741-1775)—American politician, a leader of the American revolution of the 18th century, killed in action at Bunker Hill in 1775.— 78

Weerth, Georg (1822-1856)—German proletarian poet and journalist, shop assistant; member of the Communist League, an editor of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung (1848-49), friend of Marx and Engels.— 59

Weiler, Adam (1841-1894) —German émigré, member of the British Federal Council of the International (1872-73), supported Marx and Engels in their struggle against English re-formists, later joined the Social-Democratic Federation.—118

Westphalen, Caroline von (née Heubel) (1780-1856)—Jenny Marx's mother.—158

Westphalen, Christian Heinrich Philipp von

(1724-1792)—secretary and friend of the Duke of Brunswick, took part in the Seven Years' War, author of a work on its history, Jenny Marx's grandfather.—158

Westphalen, Ferdinand Otto Wilhelm Henning von (1799-1876) — Prussian statesman, Minister of the Interior (1850-58), half-brother of Jenny Marx.—158

Westphalen, Gerhard Julius Oscar Ludwig

Edgar von (1819-1890) —Jenny Marx's brother, member of the Brussels Communist Correspondence Committee (1846), lived in America in 1847-65, and in Berlin in the early 1880s.—159

Westphalen, Jeanie von (née Wishart of Pit-tarow) (1746-1811) — wife of Christian Heinrich Philipp von Westphalen from 1765, mother of Johann Ludwig von Westphalen, Jenny Marx's grand-mother.— 158

Westphalen, Johann Ludwig von (1770-

1842)—Jenny Marx's father, Privy Councillor in Trier.— 158

Wilhelm — see Liebknecht, Wilhelm

William I (1743-1821) —Elector of Hesse-Cassel (1803-07 and November 1813 to 1821).—273

William I (1797-1888)—Prince of Prussia, King of Prussia (1861-88), Emperor of Germany (1871-88).—78, 175, 178, 234-35, 441

William II (1859-1941) —King of Prussia and Emperor of Germany (1888-1918).—208

Williams — bookseller in London.— 103

Williamson—James M. Williamson's wife.—423

Williamson, James M.— English physician in Ventnor, treated Marx from November 1882 to early January 1883.—366, 371, 372, 375, 392, 399, 419, 420, 429

Willich, Johann August Ernst (1810-1878) — Prussian officer who left the service on political grounds, member of the Communist League, participant in the Baden-Palatinate uprising of 1849, one of the leaders of the sectarian group that split away from the Communist League in 1850, emigrated to the USA in 1853, took part in the American Civil War on the side of the North.—281, 329

Wilson, Charles Rivers (1831-1916) — big English state and colonial official, head of the English Public Debt Administration (1874-94), Minister of Finance in the national government of Egypt ( 1878-79).— 365, 376, 381

Windthorst, Ludwig (1812-189I) — German politician, Minister of Justice in Hanover (1851-52 and 1862-65), deputy to the Reichstag and a leader of the Party of the Centre.— 189

Wishart of Pittarow, Jeanie — see Westphalen, Jeanie von

Wolf—see Longuet, Edgar

Wolff—German merchant, brother of Ferdinand Wolff.—425

Wolff, Ferdinand (Red Wolff) (1812-1895)—German journalist, member of the Brussels Communist Correspondence Committee in 1846-47, member of the Communist League, an editor of the Neue Rheinische Leitung in 1848-49, left Germany after the 1848-49 revolution, supported Marx during the split in the Communist League (1850), later withdrew from political life.—425

Wolseley, Garnet Joseph (1833-1913) — English general, commanded English troops in Egypt in 1882.— 313, 317, 327

Wmblewski, Walery (1836-1908) — Polish revolutionary democrat, a leader of the Polish liberation insurrection of 1863-64, general of the Paris Commune, emigrated to London after the suppression of the Commune, sentenced to death in absentia, member of the General Council of the International and Corresponding Secretary for Poland (1871-72), delegate to the Hague Congress (1872), actively fought the Bakuninists, headed the Polish revolutionary society £wiqzek Ludu Polskiego in London in 1872, advocated the idea of the Polish-Russian revolutionary union, returned to France after the amnesty, maintained contact with Marx and Engels.— 183, 311, 314

Y

Telenev, Fyodor Pavlovich (pseudonym Skaldin) (1827-1902) —Russian writer, journalist, liberal; Secretary of the Editorial Commissions for the Prépara-tion of the Peasant Reform of 1861 (1859-61); author of essays Bb iaxo-jiycmbu u eb cmoRuub (In the Backwoods and in the Capital); member of the Council for the Press Affairs in 1868-96 and simultaneously, from 1890, member of the Council of the Ministry of the Interior; took a reactionary stand from the 1870s.—109

Z

Zanardelli, Tito—Italian-born French socialist, took part in the Franco-

Anthony — Christian saint, hermit in Nubian desert.— 182

Christ, Jesus (Bib.).—-235

Dogberry — a character in Shakespeare's comedy Much Ado About Nothing.— 82

Don Quixote — the title character in Cer-vantes' novel.— 95, 213

Gumpelino — character in Heine's Reisebilder, 2nd part.—430, 431

Isis — one of the most worshipped Egyptian goddesses, later her cult spread to Greece and Rome.— 256

John Bull—the main character in John Arbuthnot's book The History of John Bull (1712); the name is often used to personify England or the English.— 40, 90, 172, 252, 287

Mary (Bib.).— mother of Jesus Christ.— 256

Prussian war (1870-71), lived in France in the 1870s-early 1880s, member of the International, contributed to the Egalité, exiled from France in late 1882.—346

£asulich, Vera hanovna (1849-1919) — took part in the Narodnik (Populist) movement (from 1868) and later in the Social-Democratic movement in Russia, a founder (1883) and active participant in the Marxist Emancipation of Labour group.— 71-72

Moloch — a Sun-God in Carthage and Phoenicia, his worship was accompanied by human sacrifice.— 234

Obadiah—Jewish prophet.— 171 Oerindur— a character in Amadeus Milli-ner's Die Schuld.— 437 Pecksniff—a character in Charles Dick-ens' novel Martin Chuzzlewit, an un-ctuous hypocrite talking much of bene-volence and other kindly virtues.— 84

Pickwick, Samuel — the hero of Dickens' novel The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club.— 431-32 Rinaldo Rinaldini—robber, title character in the chivalrous romance by Christian August Vulpius.— 206

Roland (Orlando) — the hero of the French epic Chanson de Roland.— 79

INDEX OF LITERARY AND MYTHOLOGICAL NAMES