Subject Index

Communism in Germany (theories and trends) — pre-Marxist communism — 105 — and working class, working-class movement — 122, 390 — dissemination of communist ideas among progressive circles of bourgeoisie (1840s) —3-10, 17-18, 23-24, 28-29 — struggle against petty-bourgeois interpretations of communism— 81-83, 375-76 — and petty-bourgeois democracy— 174, 222, 393-94 — miscellanea — 69, 152, 170 Communist Correspondence Committee in

Brussels — 38-39, 56, 81 Communist League, the

— foundation, role of Marx and Engels in its organisation — 56, 60-62, 81-84, 91-92 — social composition — 80 — its international character — 134 — theoretical and programmatic principles — 149, 173, 207-08, 215, 381-82, 390, 391-94 — programme documents of — 138, 149, 154, 173, 239-40, 352, 374, 384, 389-90, 392-94, 560-61 — Rules — 154, 257, 374, 560-61 — congresses — 117, 138-39, 144-46, 149-50, 152, 154, 240 — before 1848-49 revolution — 110-11, 117, 130, 134, 138-39, 143, 144, 146, 149-50, 152, 154 — and Weitlingianism — 154, 452 — and 'true socialism' and Proudhonism — 105, 138, 154 — in the 1848-49 revolution — 158, 160, 162-65, 170, 171-74, 352, 394 — after defeat of 1848-49 revolution — 225, 239-40, 249, 257, 331, 342, 347, 351-52, 359, 363, 366, 369, 374, 383-84, 389-90, 392-94, 397, 435, 483, 496-97, 521, 560-61 — tendencious character of the Cologne trial of 1852, activities of Marx and Engels in defence of arrested communists — 365, 374, 384, 389, 392-93, 472-74, 477-78,

482-84, 487, 491, 492, 497-98 — struggle against sectarian tactics of the Willich-Schapper group, split in the Communist League — 242, 245-55, 265-66, 273, 280, 283-90, 297-98, 303-04, 309-10, 319-22, 334, 343, 362, 366, 372-73, 374, 375-78, 380-82, 385, 391, 407, 443, 445, 452, 458, 460-61, 463, 467-68, 473, 474, 477-78, 483-84, 498, 507, 560-61 — and educational workers' societies — 122-30, 141, 218, 222, 227-28, 539 — and petty-bourgeois democracy— 134-35, 207-08, 215, 223, 231-35, 279, 283-88, 302-04, 329-30, 334, 345, 351-52, 359-60, 362-63, 375-77, 384-87, 389-90, 392-94, 398, 402-04 — communes in Belgium — 130, 162, 163 — communes in England — 245, 397-98, 477, 521 — communes in France — 138, 143, 154, 158, 163, 173-74, 452 — communes in Germany — 160, 343, 359, 360, 362-63, 366-69, 384-85, 390, 467, 560-61 See also German Workers' Educational

Society in London; League of the Just Communists, communist movement—20, 82, 104, 402 See also Communist Correspondence Committee in Brussels; Communist League, the Competition— 87, 99, 101-03, 262, 409 Constantinople— 98 Consumption (econ.)—96, 97, 99, 160,

327 Corn Laws (in England)—205, 211,

220, 376 Cosmopolitanism—123, 124, 283, 455 Credit— 99-100, 275, 409, 413, 420-24,

492 Crime—5 Criticism

— of various social phenomena and social consciousness — 13, 27-29, 39, 100, 131, 215, 290 Cult of personality

— criticism of — 290, 293 D

Democracy, bourgeois (political movement)—136 Democracy, petty-bourgeois (political movement)—279-80, 376-77, 381-82, 392-94, 402, 403, 511 See also Communist League, the—and petty-bourgeois democracy; Democratic Association in Brussels; Emigration—bourgeois-democratic, petty-bourgeois; Fraternal Democrats; Revolution of 1848 in France. Second Republic— petty-bourgeois democracy; Resolution of 1848-49 in Germany—democratic movement Democratic Association in Brussels (1847)—122-30, 132, 141, 160-61 Denmark-— 93-94 See also Literature—Danish; Schleswig-Holstein question, the Dialectics

— Hegel's — 97-98, 492 — in Proudhon's — 97-98, 101-02, 103 Dictatorship, military—470 Division of labour—98-99 Doctrinarianism—103-04 Dogmatism— 100

E

East, (Ac — 363

See also Orient, the Economic categories—98-104 Economic crises— 99, 220, 274, 276-77,

281, 299-300, 357, 395, 420, 461-62, 476, 479, 521 Economic laws—100-01, 258, 261-62, 274-75, 423-24 See also Economic categories Economic relations— 61, 97, 99, 101-03

See also Relations of production Eighteenth century—98, 99 Emigration

— bourgeois-democratic, petty-bourgeois — 232-33, 279-81, 283, 292-93, 309-10, 380-82, 431-32, 437-48, 499-503, 507-08, 555 — proletarian — 223, 232-33, 377, 502, 555-57 — French — 235, 239-40, 247-48, 250, 254, 283, 284, 291-94, 309-11, 317-18, 381-82

— German in Belgium — 67-70, 132, 141, 159-60, 163-65 — German in England before 1849 — 39, 89-92 — German in England after defeat of 1848-49 revolution — 221, 223, 232-34, 245-48, 265-67, 283-86, 296-98, 315-17, 319-22, 334, 342-43, 345-47, 355-56, 359-60, 362, 366, 380-82, 384-87, 390-91, 397-98, 402-04, 418, 426-32, 467-68, 474, 486, 498, 502, 549 — German in France — 39, 53, 56-57, 60-62, 71-72, 80-83, 85-87, 89-91, 112, 116, 138, 154, 158, 162, 166, 539 — German in Switzerland — 184, 221-22, 362 — German in the USA — 84, 225, 296, 334, 341, 398, 402, 406, 408, 417-18, 429, 446-48, 473-74, 483, 486, 496, 499-501, 516-17 — Hungarian in European countries and in the USA — 248, 255, 279, 281, 321, 488 — Italian — 254, 255, 279, 310, 321, 455, 457, 459 — Polish — 179, 247, 279, 310, 321 — emigre society (1850s)—222, 279, 467 Engels, Frederick

— on himself — 192, 202-03, 217, 370 — friendship with Marx and family — 6, 22, 115, 179, 202-04, 251, 563 — joint work with Marx — 9, 26, 53-54, 111, 113-14, 117-18, 156-57, 207, 213, 269, 344 — Marx on Engels — 179, 207 — before 1844 (general)—3-6, 9-14 — from 1845 to February 1848 — 16-20, 21-30, 44-46, 52-54, 56, 61, 62, 71-72, 78-87 — in the 1848-49 revolutions (general)—153, 158, 166, 167, 170-71, 179, 182, 185-86, 192, 202-04, 208-09, 213, 215-16 — during post-revolutionary reaction — 228, 233-34, 236, 267-68, 290, 370, 401, 515-17, 518-19 — as leader of Communist League— 134, 138-39, 146, 149, 158, 163-

64, 174, 239-40, 384, 389, 392-94, 397, 444 — contribution to workers' and democratic publications — 4-6, 16-18, 24-25, 34, 117, 137-39, 152, 154-55, 156-57, 164-65 — as editor of Neue Rheinische Zeitung— 207, 212-13, 221-22, 228-29, 231-32, 279-80 — contribution to Chartist press— 135, 152, 268, 279-80, 285-86, 289, 399, 400-01 — contributions to bourgeois and democratic publications — 28-29, 34 — contributions to New-York Daily Tribune— 408-09, 418, 425, 434, 436, 453, 459, 469, 497, 518 — activity in workers' and democratic organisations — 56-59, 60-62, 80, 81, 84-86, 87, 122-30, 132, 134, 138-39, 144, 154, 159-61, 184, 228-29, 233-34, 236 — and labour and socialist movement in England — 134, 263-64, 279, 285-86, 287-88 — and labour and socialist movement in France — 61, 134-36 — and study of history — 279, 315-16, 336-37, 347, 363-64 — and study of military history and theory — 207, 301-02, 325, 328-29, 332-33, 336-37, 363, 370-72, 405 — family ,of — 19-20, 28-30, 32-33, 37, 166, 172, 179, 181, 253-54, 301-02, 378-79, 540-41, 543-46

England (Great Britain)—97, 423 — history — 97, 98 — in the 1850s (from 1849)—205, 218-20, 255, 279, 296, 461-62, 478, 479, 520-21 — economy — 211, 320, 395, 461 — trade — 376, 395, 449, 462-63, 513 — economic crises — 99, 275 — social and political system — 97 — aristocracy, nobility — 205, 211, 220 — Free Traders — 205-06, 211, 219 — bourgeois-democratic movements — 211, 219-20, 376 — foreign policy, diplomacy — 205-06, 211, 220

See also Bank(s)—of England; Bourgeoisie—English; Chartism; Corn Laws (in England); English Revolution of 1640-60; Literature—English; Tories (in England) English Revolution of 1640-60— 97 Europe—471 Exchange— 71, 96, 97, 409, 413

F

Family, the—96 Fertility (of land)—258, 261-62 Feudalism—97, 98, 100, 103-04

See also Society, feudal Feuerbach, his philosophy— 8, 12, 22, 54,

68, 75-79, 448, 475, 478 Fifteenth century—98 Force

— and revolution — 81-82, 469 — and proletarian revolution — 81-82, 87 Foreign trade— 98, 102, 206, 274-78,

347, 451 See also World market Fourier, his doctrine—13, 25-27, 104 Fourteenth century—98 France—133, 357, 512

— history — 198-99, 421, 471 — July Revolution of 1830 and July monarchy — 58, 85, 133-37, 142-44, 168, 512 See also Bank(s)—of France; Bourgeoisie—French; Emigration— French; French Revolution (18th century); Revolution of 1848 in France. Second Republic Fraternal Democrats (international organisation, 1845-53)—87, 141, 144, 298 Freedom (liberty)—96, 435 French Revolution (18th century)—103-04, 206, 362 See also Jacobin dictatorship

G

German Democratic Legion (1848)—167,

539 German Democratic Society in Paris (1848)—162, 163, 539 See also German Democratic Legion German philosophy— 7', 8, 11, 49-50, 105,

422, 428 See also Feuerbach, his philosophy; Hegel; Young Hegelianism German Workers' Club in Paris (1848)—

539 German Workers' Educational Society in

London (1840-1918)—69, 222, 228, 229, 245-47, 281, 283-85, 287-88, 289, 298, 307, 334, 374, 384-85, 442, 447, 477, 498

German Workers' Society in Brussels (from 1847)—122-23, 126-30, 141

Germany

— history — 98, 478 — economy — 5, 87, 131-32, 392, 478 — peasantry — 392-93 — bourgeois liberalism —10, 58-59, 71, 390 — democratic movement— 120-21, 131-32, 215, 220-22, 342, 345, 351-52, 376-77, 382, 392-94, 398, 417-18, 463-67, 499-502 — science, culture — 17, 51, 160, 403 — foreign policy — 363 See also Bourgeoisie—German; Emigration—German; German philosophy; Literature—German; Prussia; Revolution of 1848-49 in Germany; Rhine Province God(s)—U, 12, 76-79

Gold and silver

— as basic material of money and. credit systems — 206, 274-78, 299-300 — as money — 206, 274-78, 299-300 — significance of discovery of gold in Australia and America — 461, 479 — circulation of — 274-78 — as reserve fund — 206 — as luxury articles — 477 — as a hoard — 206 — and foreign trade — 274-78 — and rate of exchange — 274, 276 — and crises — 461, 479 — substitution of paper money for gold and silver in the period of transition from capitalism to communism (socialism)—419-20

— as seen by Proudhon and Proudhonists — 413, 419-20, 492

H

Hegel, Hegelianism—94, 274 — idealism — 12-13 — dialectics — 97-98, 492 — logic — 13 — philosophy of history — 97-98, 505 — and Marxism — 12 Historical approach

— historical development — 100-01, 102-03 — historical character of division of labour — 98-99 — historical character of production — 100 — historical character of mode of production —103 — historical character of economic production relations — 97, 102-03 — historical character of economic laws and categories — 100-03 — criticism of bourgeois economists' anti-historical approach — 100-01 — criticism of Proudhon's anti-historical approach — 97-104 Historical materialism, materialist conception of history— 95-96, 425, 434 See also Basis and superstructure; Class(es); Historical approach; History; Productive forces; Relations of production Historical school of law, the—434 History— 3, 96-97, 102, 103 See also Historical approach; Historical materialism; Idealism—idealist conception of history Housing question, the—412 Human activities—96-97, 103 Hungary— 205, 470

See also Emigration—Hungarian in European countries and in the USA; National liberation war of 1848-49 in Hungary Hypothesis— 96-97, 100, 261-62

I

Idealism

— and reality — 12-13 — and materialism, their opposition — 11-13, 68, 398 — and religion — 11-12 — idealist conception of history — 12, 95-97, 102-03 — idealism of Hegel and Hegelians — 12-13 See also Abstraction; Dialectics; German philosophy; Ideology Ideas

— origin and nature of — 102-03 — and reality — 13, 104 — idealist conception of alleged rule of ideas in the world — 97-98 — Hegel's Absolute Idea — 97 — as conceived by Proudhon and Proudhonists — 97-98, 102-03, 104 Ideological struggle in working-class movement — SX-8Z, 86-97, 91-92 — during creation of proletarian party (1840-50s) —39, 81-83, 91-92, 120, 285, 290, 351-52, 382, 460-61 See also Communist League, the Ideology — 115, 116 India — 395, 450, 460 Industry—see Large-scale industry Internal politics—467, 469-70 International relations—98 Internationalism, proletarian—39 Inventions

— as objectively and socially con-ditioned — 99 — and industrial revolution — 99-100 Ireland—455 Italy — 352, 455, 456-57 See also Bourgeoisie — Italian; Emigration — Italian; Literature—Italian; Maziini

J

Jacobin dictatorship, Jacobins—470, 512 June uprising of Paris proletariat (1848)— 512

L

Landed property— 264, 392, 412-13, 419-

20, 423-24 Large-scale industry— 63, 98, 101-02, 258, 261, 414-15

Laws — 5, 290, 423 League of the Just — SI, 92 — leaders of — 69, 89-92 — Paris communities — 52-53, 56-57, 61-62, 71-72, 80, 82-87, 89 — and Weitlingianism — 52, 56, 59, 61, 79, 87, 91 — and 'true socialism' and Proudhonism — 53, 61-63, 68, 70-72, 80-87 — role of Marx and Engels in its reorganisation — 52-53, 56, 60-62, 71, 80-87, 89-92 Liberalism (description)—29, 255 Literature

— Ancient Greek — 444 — Danish — 93-94 — English — 140, 301-02 — French — 11, 28, 294 — German — 38, 68, 111, 131, 474, 494 — Italian — 474-75 — Swedish — 93 Lumpenproletariat— 421

M

Malthusianism

— and 'law of diminishing returns'— 261, 425 Man, individual, personality—11-13, 54, 95-98 — and nature — 54, 75-78 — and society — 5, 27, 75-78, 95-97, 102-03 — and the historical progress — 5, 11, 95-98, 102-03, 104 — idea of man in the history of social thought — 11-13, 54, 75-78, 80, 97-98 'Manifesto of the Communist Party' by

K. Marx and F. Engels—494 Marx, Karl

— friendship with Engels — 179, 207, 210, 213, 242, 285, 326-27 — joint work with Engels — 9, 26-27, 53-54, 110, 114, 116-17, 156-57, 207, 213, 269, 344 — Engels on Marx and his role in international working-class movement — 128, 129, 132, 133 — from 1844 to February 1848 (general)—15, 21, 22, 31, 38-39, 49-51, 105, 117, 141-42, 150 — in the 1848-49 revolutions (general)—158, 159, 162, 170, 179, 181, 192-93, 195-96, 198-200, 208-10, 212, 214, 216, 539-40 — 1849-51 — 223, 237, 239-40, 257, 285, 355, 377, 382, 431-32, 498, 519, 549, 555-58, 561-62 — as leader of Communist League— 111, 134, 146, 149, 158, 239-40, 257, 273, 309-10, 384, 389, 392-94, 397-98, 444, 473, 496, 498 — as editor of Neue Rheinische Zeitung—171, 179-82, 183-84, 188-94, 195-96, 199, 201, 403, 555-56 — as editor of Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Politisch-ökonomische Revue— 207, 212-13, 217, 219, 222-23, 224-26, 231, 237, 238-39, 252, 257, 549, 556 — contribution to bourgeois and bourgeois-democratic publications — 208, 210, 409, 506 — and labour and socialist movement in England — 285, 289, 294-95, 399 — his family — 149-51, 207, 210, 226-27, 238, 242, 250, 323-24, 402-03, 525-26, 527-32, 546-48, 549, 555-59, 563 See also Engels, Frederick Marxism (description)—3, 34, 82, 104-05, 149 See also Communism, scientific; Engels, Frederick; Historical materialism; Marx, Karl; Marxist political economy Marxist political economy

— its superiority over bourgeois and petty-bourgeois political economy — 49-51, 100-01, 258, 261-62, 271, 274-75, 299, 357

Materialism

— and idealism, their opposition— 11-13, 68, 398 — vulgar — 76 — history of — 28, 76-78 — and socialism — 66 See also Historical materialism Mazzini, Mazzinists—454-55, 456, 459

Merchants)— 327-28 Middle Ages, medieval society—97 Military science—371

— material basis of — 425 — military history — 328, 336-37, 371, 372 — military literature — 301-02, 329, 463-67, 470 — study by Marx and Engels of military history and problems of military theory — 207, 301-02, 325, 328-29, 332-33, 336-37, 362-63, 370-74, 405 Mode of production— 97, 98, 101-02, 479 Money

— as means of circulation — 274-78, 299-300 — as means of hoarding — 275-76 — metal — 206, 274-78, 299-300 — laws of its circulation — 275 — amount in circulation — 274-78, 299-300 — use pi money in the period of transition from capitalism to communism (socialism)—168, 419 — bourgeois theories on origin and essence of money — 274-75 — critique of Proudhon's theory of money — 62-63, 109, 411, 413, 419-22, 424 See also Bill of exchange; Cold and silver; Money capital; Money circulation; Paper money Money capital— 275-76, 450 Money circulation (currency)—274-78, 299-300 Moscow—364

N

Napoleonic wars— 206, 364, 370, 372,

471 Nationalisation of land—264 Nationalism— 39 National liberation war of 1848-49 in

Hungary— 212, 328-29, 372, 470 National question, the—455, 457 Naturalisation— 363-64

See also National question, the Nature— 27, 75-77, 290 o

Orient, the— 77-78 Owenism, Olenites — 6, 27, 255, 360

P

Paper money — 206, 274, 277-78, 300,

420 Party, proletarian

— its character — 512 — Marx's party, 'our party'—133, 219, 289-90, 402, 442, 473, 488 — before 1848 revolution — 105, 133, 138, 149 — in the 1848-49 revolution — 167, 198 — criticism and self-criticism — 39, 290 — tactics — 392-94, 512 — propaganda — 3, 290, 394 — and religion — 137-38 See also Communist Correspondence Committee in Brussels; Communist League, the Period of transition from capitalism to

communism (socialism)—392-94, 419-22 Petty bourgeoisie — 104-05, 110, 392-93,

512 Philistinism—10, 19, 20, 110, 113, 336, 351-52, 435 Philosophy— 7, 27-28, 95, 104-05

See also Dialectics; German philosophy;

Historical materialism; Idealism; Materialism Poland — 179, 329, 363-64

See also Emigration—Polish; Polish question, the Polish question, the—363-64 Political economy—261-62, 325

See also Bourgeois political economy;

Marxist political economy Political rule of proletariat (idea of the

dictatorship of the proletariat)—392-93 Political system—96-97 Popular masses, people, the—103 Portugai — 358 Private property—&2, 99-100, 424 Productive forces— 71, 95-97, 100-03,

419

Propaganda — 3, 394

Proud/ionism, ProuaVionists

— as ideology of petty bourgeoisie— 82, 102-05, 154, 255, 420-23, 424 — unscientific, anti-historical, Utopian character of — 63, 71, 95-105, 421, 444, 492 — sectarian, doctrinaire, dogmatic character of — 63, 81, 87, 99-100, 102, 103 — reformist essence of — 63, 255, 409 — Proudhon's anti-communism— 104-05, 423, 424 — criticism of Proudhon's philosophical views — 95-105, 422, 434-35 — Proudhon's speculative, metaphys-ical method — 97, 100-01 — false dialectics (sophistry)—95, 97-98, 101-02, 435, 492 — idealist view of history — 95-98, 100-01, 102-04, 435 — criticism of Proudhon's economic views — 62-63, 70-71, 95-96, 98-101, 102, 409-15, 418-24, 434-35, 492 — criticism of Proudhon's theory of 'determination of value'—98, 415, 421, 423 — on the workers' collective forces— 410, 414, 415 — on production costs — 63, 70, 415 — on price — 415, 422 — on wages — 70, 414-15, 423 — on money — 62, 413, 419-20, 424 — on capital — 63, 71, 423-24 — on national debt — 409, 411, 412, 419-20, 421, 492 — on exchange — 70, 410, 413 — on division of labour — 98-100, 409, 410, 414, 415 — on competition — 99, 100-01, 409, 415, 419-20 — on monopoly — 99, 100-01 — on industry — 63, 99, 100, 409, 414, 419-20, 424 — on property — 82, 99, 100, 412-13 — on landed property — 412-13, 419-20, 423-24 — on taxes and customs — 99, 416,

422, 424 — on trade — 99, 410, 415-16' — and bourgeois society — 95, 102, 104, 423-24, 434-35 — workers' associations and companies in industry — 63, 70-71, 81-83, 109, 410, 414-15, 419-20, 421, 423-24 — exchange bank — 63, 411, 413, 419-20, 424 — on reduction and abolition of interest — 71, 411, 419-24, 492 — on credit — 99-100, 413, 419-24, 492 — 'organisation des forces économiques'—409, 413 — 'liquidation sociale'—411, 423, 444 — Proudhonist views on solving housing question — 412, 423 — and bourgeoisie — 423, 434-35, 511 — and working class — 103, 423, 435 — and revolution — 63, 409-10, 435 — and policy and the state, anarchy — 96, 409-11, 415, 416, 418, 419-20, 421, 435 — and 'true socialism'—61-63, 71, 81-83, 87, 255 — and scientific communism — 39, 435 — and various socialist and communist theories and trends — 104, 219, 423, 424, 434, 435 — and Stirner's views — 416, 422 Prussia—186, 211-12, 267, 372, 384

R

Relations of production—95-97, 132 Religion— 9-14, 22, 53-54, 76-79

See also God(s) Rent of land

— and law of value — 423-24 — ways of calculating — 258, 261-62 — overall rental — 258, 262 — historical character of — 262 — and difference in situation and fertility of land — 258, 261-62, 270-71 — and improvements in agriculture — 258, 261-62

— and its influence on cost and price of agricultural products — 258, 261-62, 270-71 — as studied by Marx — 274 — in Ricardo's theory — 258, 261-62, 270-71 — in the theories of vulgar economists — 258, 261 See also Landed property Revolution (general)—103, 290, 419-21, 469, 470, 512 See also Revolution, bourgeois; Revolution, proletarian, socialist; Revolution of 1848 in France. Second Republic; Revolution of 1848-49 in Germany Revolution, bourgeois, bourgeois-democratic—97, 103-04, 220, 290 Revolution, proletarian, socialist—81-82, 103, 105, 424, 469-70, 521 Revolution of 1848 in France. Second Republic — February to June 1848, proclamation of republic — 165, 166-69, 189, 211, 355, 357, 484, 485 — Constitution of 1848 — 360-61, 363, 366-38 — National (Constituent) Assembly, its pr>Iicy, struggle between the parties — 205, 285, 288, 360-61, 363, 367 — Legislative Assembly (from 28 May 1849), its policy, struggle between the parties — 205, 288, 360-61, 363, 366-67, 484-85 — events of 13 June 1849 — 198-99, 210-12, 479, 509 — universal suffrage, its abolition on 31 May 1850 — 288, 367, 484, 505, 512 — economy — 206, 219, 462 — and bourgeoisie — 162-63, 165, 166-69, 367 — and petty-bourgeoisie — 168, 220, 512 — and the working class — 166-69, 220, 511-12, 539 — and peasantry — 169, 211, 484 — Legitimists — 167, 205, 211, 484-85 — Orleanists — 205, 211, 484-85 — Bonapartists — 167, 205 — Party of Order — 360-61, 485, 504, 510 — and bourgeois republicans (National party)—168-69, 357, 360-61, 363, 485, 512-13 — petty-bourgeois democracy — 166-69, 208-09, 309, 360-61, 480, 510, 511 — coup d'état of 2 December 1851 — 503-18 Revolution of 1848-49 in Germany

— preconditions and causes of. progress and character of — 160, 164-65, 166, 175-77, 183. 198-200, 203, 207, 214-15, 222-23, 372 — classes, estates, social groupings— 160, 171, 172-76, 390 — state apparatus, representative assemblies — 16, 17, 18-19, 160, 175-77, 222-23, 293, 325, 327 — democratic movement — 184, 199, 200, 207, 215 — Marx, Engels and Communist League in the revolution — 160, 171, 173, 181, 186, 199, 203, 207, 215, 352 Revolutionary phrasemongering—285, 290, 384, 393 Rhine Province— 4, 5, 29-30, 141, 471 Ricardian school in political economy—

258, 270-71 Russia (Russian Empire)—205-06, 363-65, 462

— Marx's and Engels' contacts with Russian liberals and revolutionaries in 1840-50s — 6, 38, 95, 105, 116, 141 See also Bank(s)—of St. Petersburg; Bourgeoisie—Russian; Moscou»

S

Saint-Simon's socialism—27, 57, 434 Schleswig-Holstein question, the—69-70, 239 Science— 38, 40, 103-04, 156-57

— and society — 105, 258, 261, 271, 368 — classification, system of sciences— 48, 157, 325, 370 — historical development of science — 50, 258, 261, 368 See also Communism, scientific;

Philosophy; Political economy Seventeenth century—98 Slavery, slave trade—101-02 Social-Democratic Refugee Committee (late

1840s-early 1850s)—218, 231, 232, 233-34, 236, 247, 442-43, 445 Social estates— 96, 103-04 Social relations— 96-97, 99-103, 132 Social system — 5, 95-97, 102 Socialism, Utopian—see Fourier; Owen-ism; Saint-Simon's socialism Society— 5, 27, 95-97, 102, 104, 131-32,

290 See also Civil society; Social relations;

Social system; Society, bourgeois; Society, feudal Society, bourgeois—5, 11, 95, 99, 102,

103, 423 Society, feudal— 97, 99, 103-04 Speculation (in money, in stock)—321,

461-62, 479 State, the— 96, 384, 435

See also Ciui! society Suffrage— 484-85, 509 Sweden— 93-94

See also Literature—Swedish Switzerland—181, 185-86, 203

T

Tatars, the—363 Taxes, taxation system—99, 168, 281, 352, 416, 422, 424 Theory and practice—3, 10, 27, 92, 103-05, 138-39, 157 Tories (in England)—333 'True socialism' (general), petty-bourgeois essence of — 12, 50, 61-63, 68,. 75, 79-87, 89-91, 105, 108-10, 113, 203

U

United States of America—101-02, 406, 502 — economy — 99, 101-02, 395, 462, 476-77, 479 — technology — 476-77 See also California Uprisings of Lyons workers, 1831 and 7834 — 512 W

Weitlingianism, Weitlingians—52, 56-57, 59, 61, 87, 154

Working class—92, 149 See also Party, proletarian; Revolution, proletarian, socialist

World market — 99, 101, 461, 479

World outlook—3, 4 See also Communism, scientific; Dialectics; Historical materialism; Idealism; Ideology; Marxism; Materialism; Philosophy

V

Young Hegelianism, Young Hegelians— ll-'l3, 16, 27-28