Name Index

A

Archilochus (7th cent. B.C.)—Greek elegiac poet.—280

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)—Greek philosopher.—19

Arkwright, Sir Richard (1732-1792)— English industrialist; invented the cotton spinning machine named after him.—229

Arnd, Karl (1788-1878)—German economist.— 356

Ashley, Anthony Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury (1801-1885)—English politician, Tory, philanthropist.—169, 227, 319, 331, 336

Ashworth, Edmund (1801-1881)— English manufacturer, liberal.— 228, 333

B

Babbage, Charles (1792-1871)—English mathematician and economist.—229, 288, 309, 333, 334

Bailey, Samuel (1791-1870)—English economist and philosopher; criticised Ricardo's labour theory of value.— 23, 48, 100, 101

Baines, Sir Edward (1800-1890)— English economist, liberal.—328

Baiter, Johann Georg (1861-1877)—one of the publishers of Plato's Republic — 282

Baker, Robert—British official, inspector of factories in the 1850s and 1860s.— 170, 228

Bastiat, Frédéric (1801-1850)—French economist, preached harmony of class interests in bourgeois society.— 114, 148

Beccaria, Cesare Bonesana (1738-1794)— Italian lawyer, publicist and economist of the Enlightenment.—286

Bentham, Jeremy (1748-1832) —English utilitarian philosopher, sociologist.— 230

Bergier, Claude François—translated into French, and wrote the Introduction to, Ferguson's An Essay on the History of Civil Society.—274, 276

Bidaut (first half of the 19th cent.)— French journalist, civil servant.—304

Blaise, Adolphe Gustave (1811-1886) — French economist, published works by Jérôme Adolphe Blanqui.—286

Blanqui, Jérôme Adolphe (1798-1854) — French vulgar political economist.— 221, 270, 285, 286, 370, 372

Boisguillebert, Pierre le Pesant, sieur de

(1646-1714)—French economist, father of French classical political economy, predecessor of the Physiocrats.—359

Bright, John (1811-1889)—English manufacturer and politician, a Free Trade leader and founder of the Anti-Corn Law League.—250

Brotherton, Joseph (1783-1857)— English manufacturer, M.P.—203

Broughton—a county magistrate.—217

Buchanan, David (1779-1848)—English journalist and economist, disciple of Adam Smith and commentator of his works.—358

Busch, Johann Georg (1728-1800)— German economist, Mercantilist.— 204

Byles, John Barnard (1801-1884)— English lawyer, member of the Privy Council, Tory; wrote on law, economics and other subjects.—226, 318

Cairnes, John Elliot (1823-1875)— British economist and journalist, opposed slavery in the US South.—255, 262

Cantillon, Richard (1680-1734)— English economist, predecessor of the Physiocrats.—380

Carey, Henry Charles (1793-1879)— American economist, advocated harmony of class interests in capitalist society.—151

Carli, Gian Rinaldo (1720-1795)— Italian scholar; wrote on money and the corn trade; opposed Mercantilism.—258

Carlyle, Thomas (1795-1881)—British essayist, historian and idealist philosopher, Tory; criticised the English bourgeoisie from the position of Romanticism; relentless opponent of the working-class movement from 1848 onwards.—226

Cato, Marcus Parcius the Elder (324-149 B.C.)—Roman statesman and

philosopher, leader of the aristocratic republican party.—222

Cazenove, John (19th cent.)—English vulgar economist, disciple of Malthus whose works he published.—91, 138, 152, 336, 381

Chalmers, Thomas (1780-1847)— English Protestant theologian and economist, disciple of Malthus.—100, 152

Cherbuliez, Antoine Elisée (1797-1869)— Swiss economist; tried to combine Sismondi's theory with elements of Ricardo's.—152, 157-58

Child, Sir Josiah (1630-1699)—English economist and banker, merchant; Mercantilist; President of the Court of Directors of the East India Com-pany (1681-83 and 1686-88).—222

Colins, Jean Guillaume César Alexandre Hippolyte (1783-1859)—French economist.—98, 206, 302, 304

Courcelle-Seneuil, Jean Gustave (1813-1892)—French economist, author of works on the practical economics of industrial enterprises, on credit and banking.—211, 334

Culpeper, Sir Thomas (1578-1662)— English economist, advocate of Mercantilism.—222

Custodi, Pietro (1771-1842)—Italian economist, published works by Italian economists of the late 16th-early 19th centuries.—23, 286, 368, 375

D

Daire, Louis François Eugène (1798-1847) — French economist; published works on political economy.—29, 46, 362

Dale, David (1739-1806)—founded a cotton mill in New Lanark, of which Robert Owen was later appointed manager.—230

De Quincey, Thomas (1785-1859)— English writer and economist; com-mented on Ricardo's works; his own works reflect the disintegration of the Ricardian school.—304

Destutt de Tracy, Antoine Louis Claude,

comte de (1754-1836)—French economist, philosopher, advocate of constitutional monarchy.—22, 263

Diodorus Siculus (c. 90-21 B.C.)—Greek historian.—253, 284

E

Eden, Sir Frederick Morton (1766-1809) — English economist and historian, disciple of Adam Smith.—46, 96, 205 Edward III (1312-1377)—King of England (1327-77).—45, 226

Epicurus (341-270 B.C.)—Greek materialist philosopher.—373

F

Ferguson, Adam (1723-1816)—Scottish historian, philosopher and sociologist.—273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 287, 293, 306

Fielden, John (1784-1849)—English manufacturer, philanthropist, propo-nent of factory legislation.— 228, 331, 336

Forbes, Charles—Scottish landowner.— 343

Forcade, Eugène (1820-1869)—French publicist, vulgar economist.—345, 346, 416

Franklin, Benjamin (1706-1790) — American physicist, economist and politician; took part in the American War of Independence.—28, 30, 98

G

Galiani, Ferdinando (1728-1787) — Italian economist, criticised the Physiocrats; maintained that the value of a commodity is determined by its usefulness; at the same time he made correct conjectures about the nature of the commodity and money.—23, 205, 344

Gamier, Germain, marquis (1754-1821)—French economist and politician, monarchist; follower of the Physiocrats, translator and critic of Adam Smith.—268, 272, 273, 275, 289, 293, 297, 301, 305, 306, 371, 372, 380, 384, 404, 429

Gaskell, Peter—English physician and liberal journalist.—341, 342, 343

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832)—German poet.—112, 168

H

Hamilton, Sir William (1788-1856)— Scottish idealist philosopher; published the works of Dugald Stewart.—214, 277, 299, 304

Harris, James (1709-1780)—English philologist and philosopher, M.P., Lord Chancellor (1763-65).—282, 287, 299

Hobbes, Thomas (1588-1679)—English philosopher.—382

Hodgskin, Thomas (1787-1869)— English economist and journalist, Utopian socialist; drew socialist conclusions from the Ricardian theory.— 163, 203, 289, 291, 293, 305, 394

Horace (65-8 B.C.)—Roman poet.—47, 271

Horner, Leonard (1785-1864)—English geologist and public figure, inspector of factories (1833-56), member of the Factories Inquiry Commission in 1833 and of the Children's Employment Commission in 1841; upheld the workers' interests.—200, 218, 219, 220, 222, 223, 228, 339

Howell—inspector of factories in England.—220

J

Jacob, William (c. 1762-1851)—English businessman, author of several works on economics.—206, 248 Jones, Richard (1790-1855)—English economist.—169, 193, 212, 257, 259, 304

Jouffroy, Henri—Prussian privy council-lor, a Frenchman by birth; wrote and translated works on political economy and law (1820s-40s).—375

K

Kiselev, Pavel Dmitrievich (1788-1872)— Russian statesman; fought against Napoleon (1812); Governor of Moldavia and Wallachia (1829-34); from 1835 permanent member of secret committees on the peasant question; Minister of the Imperial Domains from 1837; advocated moderate re-forms; Ambassador to Paris (1856-62).—214

Kyros (Cyrus) the Great (d. 529 B.C.) — King of Persia (558-529 B.C.) of the Achaemenids dynasty.—282

L

Laffon de Ladébat, André Daniel (1746-1829)—French politician.—230

Lagentie de Lavaïsse—translator of English authors, Lauderdale in particular, into French.—398

Laing, Samuel (1810-1897)—English politician and publicist, Liberal M.P.—328

Lauderdale, James Maitland, 8th Earl of (1759-1839)—British politician and economist; criticised Adam Smith's theory.—398, 399

Law, John, of Lauriston (1671-1729) — Scottish economist and financier, Director-General of Finance in France (1719-20).—367, 372

Leduc, Pierre Etienne Denis, dit Saint Germain (b. 1799) — French publicist.—229

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646-1716) — German philosopher and mathematician.—232

Leigh.—217

Lemontey, Pierre Edouard (1762-1826) — French historian and economist.— 293

Linguet, Simon Nicolas Henri (1736-1794)—French lawyer, writer, historian and economist, critic of the Physiocrats.— 305

Locke, John (1632-1704)—English philosopher and economist.— 398

M

Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Baron (1800-1859)—English historian and politician, Whig M.P.; as member of the Supreme Council of India (1834-38) took part in drafting a penal code for India, which was adopted in I860.—47, 222

M(a)cCulloch, John Ramsay (1789-1864)—Scottish economist, vulgarised Ricardo's theory.—210, 376, 390

Macintosh—member of a government commission in England.—228

MacLeod, Henry Dunning (1821-1902)— British lawyer and vulgar economist; elucidated the theory of capital-bearing credit.—13

Macnab, Henry Gray {Grey) (1761-1823)—British journalist, Scottish by birth; follower of Robert Owen and proponent of his ideas.— 230

Mallet—English manufacturer.—217

Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766-1834)— English clergyman and economist, author of a population theory.—14, 28, 45, 137, 138, 152, 156, 204, 205, 380, 381, 394

Mandeville, Bernard de (1670-1733)— English democratic writer, philosopher and economist.—297, 299, 310

Maria Theresia (1717-1780) — Archduchess of Austria (1740-80); Holy Roman Empress (1745-80).— 167 Mercier de la Rivière, Paul Pierre (1720-1793)—French economist, Physiocrat.—370, 373

Mill, James (1773-1836)—British historian, economist and philosopher.— 13, 98, 99, 117, 151, 210, 290

Mill, John Stuart (1806-1873)—British economist, utilitarian and positivist philosopher.—150, 159, 211, 238, 318

Mirabeau, Victor Riqueti, marquis de (1715-1789)—French economist, Physiocrat.—356, 359, 373

Moss, John—factory supervisor in England.—228

Müllner, Amadeus Gottfried Adolf (1774-1829)—German poet, playwright and literary critic.—309

N

Nasmyth, James (1808-1890)—English engineer and inventor.—339

Newman, Francis William (1805-1897) — English philologist and writer, radical; wrote several books on religion, politics and economics.—209

Newman, Samuel Phillips (1797-1842)— American priest, economist and philologist.—156, 291

Newmarch, William (1820-1882)— English economist and statistician.— 216

O

Opdyke, George (1805-1880)—American manufacturer, economist.—30

Orelli, Johann Kaspar von (1787-1849)— one of the publishers of Plato's Republic — 282

Ortes, Giammaria (1713-1790)—Italian economist; wrote a number of important works that were uncommon for his time.— 205

Owen, Robert (1771-1858)—British Uto-pian socialist.—230

P

Paoletti, Ferdinando (1717-1801)— Italian priest, Physiocrat.—368

Parisot, Jacques Theodore (b. 1783)— translator of James Mill's Elements of Political Economy into French.—290

Peel Sir Robert (1750-1830)—British politician and diplomat, son of Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel; Peelite, member of the House of Commons; Junior Lord of the Admiralty.—228

Pericles (c. 490-429 B.C.)—Athenian statesman and general.—281

Petty, Sir William (1623-1687)—English economist and statistician, founder of English classical political economy.— 271, 276, 282, 286, 296

Pilate (Pontius Pilatus) (died c. 37)— Roman governor of Judaea (26-36); according to the Christian tradition, sentenced Jesus Christ to death by crucifixion.—405

Plato (c. 428-c. 348 B.C.)—Greek philosopher.—280, 281, 282, 284, 285, 287, 317

Poppo, Ernest Frederic (1794-1866)— publisher of The Cyropaedia by Xenophon.—282

Potter, Alonzo (1800-1865)—American bishop; taught theology at several educational institutions.—276, 277, 279

Proudhon, Pierre Joseph (1809-1865)— French writer, economist and sociologist; a founder of anar-chism.—98, 153, 154, 180, 345, 346, 372, 416

Q

Quesnay, François (1694-1774)— French economist, founder of the Physiocratic school; physician.— 70, 303, 359, 362, 372, 373 R

Ramsay, George Sir (1800-1871) — English economist, follower of classical political economy.—27, 117, 139, 140, 150, 161, 165, 203, 236, 252, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412

Ravenstone, Piercy (d. 1830) — English Ricardian economist; opposed Malthus; upheld the workers' interests.— 252, 304

Redgrave, Alexander—English inspector of factories.—219, 221, 222

Regnault, Elias Georges Soulange Oliva (1801-1868)—French historian and publicist, civil servant.—216

Ricardo, David (1772-1823)—English economist.—45, 47, 95, 100, 101, 151, 253, 254, 327, 368, 369, 378, 380, 388, 389, 394, 395, 398, 402, 403, 409, 410, 429

Roederer, Pierre Louis, comte de (1754-1835)—French politician.—373

Röscher, Wilhelm George (1817-1894)— German economist, professor at Leipzig University; founder of the historical school of political economy.—306

Rossi, Pellegrino Luigi Edoardo, count (1787-1848)—Italian economist, lawyer, politician; in 1848, head of the government in the Papal States.— 117, 135, 141, 142, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 324

Rumford—see Thompson, Benjamin, Count of Rumford

S

Sadler, Michael Thomas (1780-1835)— English economist and politician, philanthropist, sympathised with the Tory party.— 260

Saint Germain Leduc, Pierre Etienne Denis—see Leduc, Pierre Etienne Denis, dit Saint Germain

Saunders, Robert John—English inspector of factories in the 1840s.—228

Say, Jean Baptiste (1767-1832)—French economist, representative of vulgar political economy.—13, 25, 69, 97, 98, 135, 137, 138, 150, 151, 154, 161, 205, 292, 408, 409

Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich von

(1759-1805)—German poet, drama-tist and philosopher.— 309

Schmalz, Theodor Anton Heinrich (1760-1831)—German lawyer and economist, Physiocrat.— 374, 375

Schouw, Joakim Frederick (1789-1852)— Danish, scholar, botanist.—230

Scrope, George Julius Poulett (1797-1876)—English geologist and economist; opposed Malthus; M.P.—276

Senior, Nassau William (1790-1864)— English economist; vulgarised Ricardo's theory.—179, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 333

Sextus Empiricus (A.D. late 2nd-early 3rd cent.)—Greek sceptic philosopher.—280

Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper—see Ashley, Anthony Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury

Sismondi, Jean Charles Leonard Simonde

de (1773-1842)—Swiss economist, ex-ponent of economic romanticism.— 12, 13, 98, 149, 150, 152, 157, 158, 210, 289, 291, 303, 304

Skarbek, Frederick Florian (1792-1866) — Polish economist and writer, follower of Adam Smith.—318

Smith, Adam (1723-1790)—Scottish economist.—69, 93, 152, 266, 268, 269, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 282, 287, 289, 291, 292, 293, 297, 299, 301, 305, 306, 347, 352, 353, 356, 358, 368, 369, 371, 372, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 406, 407, 408, 409, 411, 429, 451

Sparks, Jared— (1789-1866) — American historian and publisher; founded the

34-1098 first US chair of history, at Harvard University.—28

Steuart, Sir James, later Denham (1712-1780)—British economist, one of the last representatives of Mercantilism.—16, 193, 290, 295, 298, 344, 347, 348, 351, 352, 359, 385

Steuart (Denham), Sir James (1744-1839)—British general; published works by his father, James Steuart.— 16

Stewart, Dugald (1753-1828)—Scottish philosopher, exponent of the "philosophy of common sense".— 214, 277, 280, 299, 304

Storch, Heinrich Friedrich von (1766-1835)—Russian economist, statistician and historian; German by birth.—151, 156, 205, 291, 408, 409

Symons, Jelinger Cookson (1809-1860)— English liberal journalist, member of the Children's Employment Commission in 1841.—211

T

Tamerlane (Timur) (1336-1405)— Central Asian conqueror, founder of a vast state in Asia with its capital in Samarkand.—168

Thompson, Benjamin, Count of Rumford (1753-1814)—English officer of American descent; was for a time in the service of the Bavarian government; organised workhouses for beg-gars and compiled recipes for paup-ers' broths made up of cheap substi-tutes.—46

Thornton, William Thomas (1813-1880)—British economist, follower of John Stuart Mill.—116

Thucydides (c. 460-c. 395 B.C.)— Athenian historian; wrote the History of the Peloponnesian War.—281, 283

Tooke, Thomas (1774-1858) —English economist, adherent of classical political economy.—216, 429

Torrens, Robert (1780-1864)—English economist; vulgarised Ricardo's theory.—14, 27, 151, 334

Townsend, Joseph (1739-1816)—English clergyman, geologist and sociologist, propagated the anti-scientific theory of population later borrowed by Malthus.—205

Tufnell, Edward Carlton—member of the Factories Inquiry Commission in England in 1833.—340, 341

Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, baron de l'Aulne (1727-1781)—French economist and statesman; Physiocrat; Controller-General of Finance.— 29, 46, 97, 352, 356, 359, 362, 363, 365, 366, 369, 372, 374

U

Vre, Andrew (1778-1857)—English chemist and economist; Free Trader; opposed shortening the working day.—104, 287, 300, 321, 340, 342

V

Valpy—English clergyman.—217

Verri, Pietro (1728-1797)—Italian economist, one of the first critics of the Physiocrats.—156, 161, 258, 368, 375, 376

Victoria (1819-1901)—Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901).— 218

Virgil (Publius Virgilius Maro) (70-19 B.C.) —Roman poet.—210

W

Wade, John (1788-1875)—English writer, economist and historian.— 96, 156, 224, 249

Wakefield, Edward Gibbon (1796-1862)— British statesman and economist.— 75, 115, 152, 185, 256, 257, 292

Wayland, Francis (1796-1865)— American clergyman, author of popular textbooks on ethics and political economy.—26, 98, 115, 154, 289, 290, 344

Whitney, Eli (1765-1825)—American inventor of a cotton gin.— 343

William IV (1765-1837)—King of Great Britain and Ireland (1830-37).— 220

INDEX OF LITERARY AND

Adam (Bib.).—310 Esau (Bib.)—the son of Isaac and

Winckelmann—one of the publishers of Plato's Republic—282

X

Xenophon (c. 430-c. 354 B.C.)—Greek historian and philosopher; advocate of the subsistence economy.— 281, 282, 285

MYTHOLOGICAL NAMES

Rebekah, and elder twin brother of Jacob.—160