Notes

Residual editorial notes

45 editorial note entries had no resolved in-text occurrence and remain here so no source note definition is discarded.

[11] 1 Part of the text from page 14 of the manuscript has been transferred here in conformity with Marx's note: "Addition to a."—20

[38] In the manuscript of 1861-63 Marx comments repeatedly on Bailey's attacks on Ricardo's labour theory of value (see this volume, p. 101). This quotation, coming from A Critical Dissertation, occurs again on p. XIV — 827, where Marx gives a detailed analysis of Bailey's views on value (see present edition, Vol. 32).—48, 101

[66] Cf. Marx's description of labour as a source of use value and exchange value presented in Part One of A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (present edition, Vol. 29, p. 277).—71

[81] Marx takes this quotation from: J. Colins, L'économie politique. Source des révolutions et des utopies prétendues socialistes, Vol. 3, Paris, 1857, p. 358.—97

[96] In the economic manuscript of 1857-58, Marx repeatedly discussed the inverse relation between object and subject, and the nature of the objective conditions of labour under capitalism that confront labour capacity as an alien, independent power (see present edition, Vol. 28, pp. 233-34, 381-83, 389-90).—113

[98] In examining the views of James Mill on pp. XIV — 795-796 of the manuscript of 1861-63, Marx resumes his critique of the views on "the price of labour's being advanced" by capital expounded by a number of bourgeois economists (see present edition, Vol. 32).—115

[99] This quotation from F. Wayland's work has been transferred here from pp. II — 61-62 of the manuscript. Marx set it off from the main text by a line; it is marked by two crosses and supplied with the note: "To p. 60". On p. 61 of the main text, the same note was made after the word "Wakefield" (see this volume, p. 116). The quotation and Marx's note make it clear, however, that he probably intended to illustrate the passage marked in the main text by another quotation, one from Wakefield's work on the development of capitalist relations in the colonies. That is why the quotation from Wayland is given as a footnote here.—115

[109] Marx discussed the role of trade in establishing the capitalist m o d e of production in the economic manuscript of 1857-58 (see present edition, Vol. 29, pp. 227-36) and reproduced the fragment from it in Notebook XV of the manuscript of 1861-63 (see present edition, Vol. 33).—136

[111] In Ramsay this passage reads as follows: "The sources of national wealth would unquestionably be as great in the former case as in the latter. Nothing can prove more strongly that circulating capital...." —139

[112] Marx returned to the analysis of Ramsay's views in Notebook XVIII of the manuscript of 1861-63 (see present edition, Vol. 33).—140

[116] Marx probably borrowed the quotations from Say and Sismondi, as well as the phrase immediately preceding them, from the economic manuscript of 1857-58 (see present edition, Vol. 28, p. 235). The figure LX denotes a page in one of Marx's Brussels notebooks of excerpts for 1845, where a synopsis of Sismondi's quoted work is to be found.—150

[119] 1 , 9 R. Torrens says: "In that early period of society which precedes the separation of the community into a class of capitalists and a class of labourers, and in which the individual who undertakes any branch of industry, performs his own work, the total quantity of labour, accumulated and immediate, expended on production, is that on which comparison and competition turn, and which, in the transactions of barter or sale, ultimately determines the quantity of one commodity which shall be received for a given quantity of another" (pp. 33-34).—151

[120] pages 23-30 of the London Notebook XVI of excerpts contain a synopsis of the work Gratuité du crédit, from which Marx copied this quotation.—153

[122] Marx quotes J. B. Say from: J. Colins, L'économie politique..., Vol. 3, Paris, 1857, p. 376.—155

[123] Marx renders Say's idea. See J. B. Say, Traité d'économie politique, Vol. II, Paris, 1817, pp. 484, 464, 480. Cf. also Marx's critique of Say's determination of the price of land in Ch. XIX of Volume I of Capital (present edition, Vol. 35).— 155

[124] Marx quotes the same passage from P. Verri at the end of the section dealing with the Physiocrats (see this volume, p. 376).—156

[136] Marx borrowed the statistics from "Coal mine accidents. Abstract of return to an address of the Honourable the House of Commons, dated 3 May 1861. Ordered, by the House of Commons, to be printed, 6 February 1862". Marx later used this material in Capital, Vol. Ill, Ch. V (see present edition, Vol. 37).—168

[137] Marx touched briefly on this issue on pp. XVI — 985-986 of the manuscript of 1861-63 (see present edition, Vol. 33). A detailed analysis of the concentration of workers and the economy in the employment of constant capital as factors increasing the rate of profit can be found in Capital, Vol. Ill, Ch. V (see present edition, Vol. 37).—169

[138] Marx reproduces this quotation in the Additions to the chapter "Absolute Surplus Value" (see this volume, p. 224).—170

[140] HO xhis paragraph, containing a mathematical interpretation of the production of surplus value, was probably inserted by Marx later, between the heading and the text. Marx deals in more detail with the mathematical interpretation of capitalist production as production of surplus value in Chapter Six, "The Results of the Direct Process of Production", of the manuscript of Volume I of Capital (see present edition, Vol. 34).—172

[141] Marx made these calculations on the inside cover of Notebook I, without referring specifically to the text. The calculations have been inserted here by the compilers of the volume.—178

[151] Marx analysed this problem thoroughly in Capital, Vol. I, Ch. XXV (see present edition, Vol. 35).—189

[152] Marx again took up the question of the drop in the value of labour capacity as a result of women and children being drawn into capitalist exploitation on pp. XX — 1243, 1257 of the manuscript of 1861-63 (see present edition, vols 33 and 34).—189

[157] Marx uses this quotation from Richard Jones on two other occasions: on p. VI — 225 of the manuscript of 1861-63 (see this volume, p. 357), and when analysing the views of the English economist on p. XVIII — 1122 of this manuscript (see present edition, Vol. 33).—193

[159] Marx reproduces these two quotations on p. XIV — 852 of the manuscript of 1861-63, when examining the views of the author of The Source and Remedy of the National Difficulties. By the "value of capital" the author of the pamphlet implies the ratio of the quantity of surplus labour appropriated by the capitalist to the size of the capital he uses (see present edition, Vol. 32).—204

[1 6 4] Marx borrowed the data on Wallachian and Moldavian peasants cited below from: E. Regnault, Histoire politique et sociale des principautés danubiennes, Paris, 1855, pp. 304-11.—214

[1 6 7] Newmarch, "Address". In: Report of the Thirty-First Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; held at Manchester in September 1861, L o n d o n , 1862, p p . 201-03. Between late August and mid-September 1861, Marx was staying with Engels in Manchester; while there, he attended sittings of the Economic Science and Statistics Section held as part of the Association's 31st annual meeting which took place on September 4-11, 1861.— 216

[171] Marx inserted pages 124a-124h into Notebook III later. H e wrote on page 124a: " T o p. 124."—224

[172] Page 196 of Notebook V of the manuscript of 1861-63 has been inserted here in conformity with Marx's note: "This quotation belongs to Notebook III, p. 'e' after p. 124."—228

[177] Marx returns to this question while analysing Ramsay's views on p. XVIII — 1096 of the manuscript of 1861-63 (see present edition, Vol. 33).—236

[183] Marx returns to this problem on pp. XX — 1284-1294 of the manuscript of 1861-63 (see present edition, Vol. 34).—250 33-1098

[186] Cf. the pertinent passage on pp. XIV — 808-809 of the manuscript of 1861-63, where Marx returns to his examination of Ricardo's views on this issue and the critique levelled at him by an anonymous author (see present edition, Vol. 32). Cf. also Note 78.-254

[198] These two Latin proverbs and the quotation from Alcibiades II occur in the note supplied by editor W. Hamilton to p. 311 of Stewart's book.—280

[201] Below, Marx quotes passages from pages 67-68 of Henry Martyn's work The Advantages of the East-India Trade to England... from MacCulloch, The Literature of Political Economy..., London, 1845, p. 101.—287

[204] p a rt 0f the text from p. 179 has been transferred here in conformity with Marx's note: "To the beginning of p. 175."—299

[216] Marx cites this fact, drawing on data provided by the German scientist Johann Heinrich Moritz von Poppe. Marx copied relevant passages from the latter's work on p. XIX — 1166 of the manuscript of 1861-63 (see present edition, Vol. 33).—322

[219] Here and below the figure XI stands for Marx's London Notebook XI of excerpts where the synopsis of Senior's work is to be found (pp. 4-5).—333

[222] A detailed analysis of this work, published anonymously (its author was John Cazenove, a follower of Malthus) was made by Marx in Notebook XIV of this manuscript (see present edition, Vol. 32).—337

[223] A reference to the self-acting mule invented by the British engineer Richard Roberts in 1825. The workers nicknamed this loom the "Iron Man", because it automatically performed many of the operations in the spinning industry which had hitherto been performed manually.—342

[228] Theories of Surplus Value, on which Marx embarked in March 1862, is the fifth, concluding section of the first chapter of research into capital,"The Production Process of Capital". Originally, the fourth section was to consider the connection of relative and absolute surplus value. Theories of Surplus Value was to be an historical introduction to the chapter on surplus value, similar to the historical notes introducing the chapters on commodity and on money in A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy. In the course of Marx's work on the manuscript, Theories of Surplus Value underwent considerable changes. In both length and content it far surpassed the original plan. As well as considering the views of bourgeois economists, Marx put forward a number of major theoretical propositions in it. Theories of Surplus Value appeared in English for the first time in an abridged form in 1951: K. Marx, Theories of Surplus Value. A selection from the volumes published between 1905 and 1910 as Theorien über den Mehrwert, edited by Karl Kautsky, taken from Karl Marx's preliminary manuscript for the projected fourth volume of Capital. Transi, from the German by G. A. Bonner and Emile Burns, London, Lawrence & Wishart, 1951. The work was first published in full between 1963 and 1971: K. Marx, Theories of Surplus-Value (Vol. IV of Capital), Part I, Moscow, Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1963; Part II, Moscow, Progress Publishers, 1968; Part III, Moscow, Progress Publishers, 1971.—348

[230] Marx is paraphrasing Steuart's ideas. Steuart says: "I. The first thing to be known of any manufacture when it comes to be sold, is, how much of it a person can perform in a day, a week, a month, according to the nature of the work, which may require more or less time to bring it to perfection. In making such estimates, regard is to be had only to what, upon an average only, a workman of the country in general may perform,... II. The second thing to be known, is the value of the workman's subsistence and necessary expense, both for supplying his personal wants, and providing the instruments belonging to his profession, which must be taken upon an average as above;... III. The third and last thing to be known, is the value of the materials..." (James Steuart, An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Oeconomy. In: Steuart, The Works, Political, Metaphysical, and Chronological..., Vol. I, London, 1805, p. 246).—351

[235] "Laissez-faire, laissez-aller" (also "laissez-faire, laissez-passer"), the formula of economists who advocated Free Trade and non-intervention by the state in economic affairs.— 361

[245] Taken from Notebook VII of excerpts (1859-62), p. 210. On p. 188 this quotation from Adam Smith is in French. On p. 210 Marx wrote: "To p. 188. Here and further, Smith is quoted in English; edit. McCulloch. London. 1828."— 376

[258] A critique of Say's views on this issue is also to be found on p. VII — 300 of the manuscript of 1861-63 (see present edition, Vol. 31).—408

[260] Here Marx sets forth Ramsay's views. The exact quotation runs as follows: "Mr. Ricardo saw very well, that the question of profit was entirely one of proportion; but unfortunately, one seems always to consider the whole produce as divided between wages and profits, forgetting the part necessary for replacing fixed capital" (George Ramsay, An Essay on the Distribution of Wealth, Edinburgh, London, 1836, p. 174, note).—409