Name Index

A

Adamski—German lieutenant, democrat; in November 1848 member of the People's Committee in Cologne.—521 Albert (Martin, Alexandre) (1815-1895)— French worker, one of the leaders of secret revolutionary societies during the July monarchy; member of the Provisional Government (1848).—125 Alcibiades (c. 450-404 B.C.)—Athenian politician and general.—108, 143, 148, 151 Alexander of Macedon (Alexander the Great) (356-323 B.C.)—general and statesman of antiquity.— 370 Almâsy (Almâsi), Moritz, Count (1808-1881) — Hungarian conservative politician, champion of pro-Austrian policy; after the defeat of the 1848-49 revolution, President of the restored Hungarian King's Chamber (until 1853), of which he was Vice-President prior to 1848.—431 A Imeras, A lexandre Félix (1811-1868)—Swiss radical politician; deputy of the Geneva canton to the National Council (from 1848).—147 Alvensleben, Albrecht, Count von (1794-1858)—Prussian statesman, Finance Minister (1835-42), deputy to the

First Chamber (1849).—383, 385, 386, 388, 389 Amelung, Hermann—German student, in 1848 member of the Jena District Committee of Democrats.—342 Amnion, von—Prussian official, Public Prosecutor in Düsseldorf (1848-49), deputy to the First Chamber (1849).—345, 346, 475-76 Anneke, Friedrich (1818-1872)—Prussian artillery officer discharged from the army for his political views; member of the Communist League, one of the founders of the Cologne Workers' Association (1848), editor of the Neue Kölnische Zeitung, member of the Rhenish District Committee of Democrats.—188, 189, 191, 192-95, 319, 513, 514, 518 Anneke, Mathilde Franziska (1818-1884)—German writer, in 1848-49 contributed to democratic periodicals; wife of Friedrich Anneke.—191 Arndt, Ernst Moritz (1769-1860)—German writer, historian and philologist; took part in the struggle against Napoleon's rule; in 1848-49 deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre).—90 Amim-Suckow, Heinrich Alexander, Baron von (1798-1861) — Prussian statesman, moderate liberal, Minister of Foreign Affairs (from March 21 to June 19, 1848), deputy to the First Chamber (1849).—67 Auber, Daniel François Esprit (1782-1871) — French composer.—174 Auerswald, Rudolf von (1795-1866)— Prussian statesman, liberal aristocrat. Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs (June-September 1848), Oberpräsident of West Prussia (September 1848-50).— 168, 171

B

Bakunin, Mikhail (1814-1876)—Russian democrat, journalist, participant in the 1848-49 revolution in Germany; one of the ideologists of anarchism in later years; opposed Marxism in the First International; was expelled from the International at the Hague Congress of 1872 for his splitting activities.—363, 365, 368, 373, 374, 377, 378 Bangert—member of the Lausanne Workers' Association in 1848.—506 Barbes, Armand (1809-1870)—French revolutionary, one of the leaders of secret societies during the July monarchy; deputy to the Constituent Assembly (1848); sentenced to life imprisonment for participating in the popular rising of May 15, 1848; was amnestied in 1854 and emigrated to Belgium.—125

Barman, Maurice (1808-1878)—Swiss politician, deputy of the Wallis (Valais) canton to the National Council

(1848-57).—148 Barrot, Camille Hyacinthe Odilon (1791-1873)—French politician, leader of the liberal dynastic opposition until February 1848; from December 1848 to October 1849, head of the Ministry, which relied on a monarchist coalition.—214, 278-80, 281-83, 526

Basse, Gottfried (1778-1825)—Prussian bookseller and writer; publisher of novels about knights and robbers.—69

Bassermann, Friedrich Daniel (1811-1855)—German politician, represented the Baden Government in the Federal Diet during the 1848-49 revolution; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre).— 16, 154 Bassi (Bassy), J. F.—Swiss journalist of Italian descent; editor of the liberal newspaper La Suisse (1840s and 1850s).—248 Bastide, Jules (1800-1879)—French politician and journalist; one of the editors of the newspaper Le National (1836-46); moderate republican; Minister of Foreign Affairs (May-December 1848).—66, 133 Battaglini, Carlo (1812-1888)—Swiss politician, lawyer, deputy of the Tessin canton to the National Council (1848-51, 1862-75, 1884-87).—148 Batthyâny, Lajos, Count von (1806-1849)—Hungarian politician, Prime Minister (March 17-September 15, 1848), one of the leaders of moderate liberals; shot by decision of the Austrian court martial after the victory of the counter-revolution.—443 Baudissin, Count (d. March 1849)—Austrian senior lieutenant, fought in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—480 Bavay, Charles Victor de (1801-1875)—Belgian judiciary official, Prosecutor-General in Brussels from 1844.—307 Beaumarchais, Pierre Augustin Car on de

(1732-1799) —French dramatist.— 262 Becker, Hermann Heinrich (1820-1885)—German lawyer and journalist, one of the leaders of the Association for Workers and Employers in Cologne; member of the Rhenish District Committee of Democrats, editor of the Westdeutsche Zeitung (May 1849-July 1850), member of the Communist League (from 1850).—499, 500, 529

Becker, Johann Philipp (1809-1886) — German revolutionary, took part in the democratic and revolutionary movement of the 1830s and 1840s in Germany and Switzerland; editor of the newspaper Die Evolution (Die Revolution); prominent figure in the First International in the 1860s and delegate to all its congresses; friend and comrade-in-arms of Marx and Engels.—204, 205, 242. 250

Beckhausen—German worker, lithog-rapher; member of the Cologne Workers' Association.—483 Bedorf—member of the Cologne Workers' Association in 1848-49.—524

Bern, Jozef ( 1795-1850) — Polish general and prominent figure in the national liberation movement, participant in the Polish insurrection of 1830-31 and in the revolutionary struggle in Vienna in 1848; one of the leaders of the Hungarian revolutionary army (1848-49); emigrated to Turkey after the defeat of the revolution.—291, 298, 300, 360, 401, 406, 425, 426, 429, 430, 435, 436, 437, 443, 461, 471, 477, 478 Bengel, Franz Wilhelm (born c. 1819)— German democrat, President of the Workers' Association in Mülheim (Rhine Province) in 1848-49.-522 Benkendorff, Konstantin Konstantinovich, Count von (1817-1858)—Russian colonel and then general, diplomat.—211 Benz, Rudolf, von Pfungen (1810-1872)—Swiss politician, colonel, participant in the war against the Sonderbund; deputy of the Zurich canton to the National Council (1848-49).—61 Berg—Swiss army officer; deputy to the National Council (1848).—114, 115, 118, 145, 146-49 Berger, N.—209 Bergius, Karl Julius (1804-1871) — Prussian official, lawyer and journalist, Regierungsrat in Breslau

(Wroclaw) in 1849.—381 Berlier, Théophile, comte (1761-1844) — French politician and lawyer, deputy to the Convention, member

of the State Council after the coup d'état of the 18th Brumaire of 1799.—308, 489 Berly, Karl Peter (1781-1847)—German journalist, editor of the Frankfurter Oberpostamts-Zeitung (1829-47), secret agent of the French Government during the July monarchy.—421 Bernold, Joseph Leonhard (1809-1872) — Swiss politician, colonel; deputy to the National Council (1848).— 141 Binzer, August Daniel (1793-1868)— German poet.—377 Biro—Austro-Hungarian judiciary official in the mid-19th century.—351 Blanc, Jean Joseph Louis (1811-1882)— French petty-bourgeois socialist, historian; in 1848 member of the Provisional Government and President of the Luxembourg Commission; pursued a policy of agreement with the bourgeoisie.—84, 123, 125, 131 Blanchenay, Louis (1800-1881)—Swiss politician, deputy of the Waadt (Vaud) canton to the National Council (1848-60).—147 Blösch, Eduard Eugen (1807-1866) — Swiss conservative politician, represented Berne in the Diet in the 1840s, head of the conservative opposition in the Great Council of the Berne canton (from 1846); in the 1850s held important government posts.—56, 59 Blum—German student, participated in the democratic banquet of February 24, 1849, in Cologne.—530 Blum, Robert (1807-1848)—German democrat, journalist, leader of the Left wing in the Frankfurt National Assembly; in October 1848 participated in the defence of Vienna and was shot by decision of the Austrian court martial.—51, 93, 247, 249, 398, 461, 529

Böckh, Philipp August (1785-1867)— German philologist and historian; professor and for a number of years head of Berlin University.—106 Bodelschwingh, Ernst, Baron von (1794-1854)—Prussian conservative statesman, Finance Minister (from 1842), Minister of the Interior (1845-March 1848); in 1849 deputy to the Second Chamber (Right wing).—31, 270, 379, 381, 382, 383, 385, 388, 389, 418 Boiling—Prussian judiciary official, Public Prosecutor (1849), prosecutor at the Cologne trial of May 29, 1849.—329 Bollinger—Swiss capitalist, owner of a factory near Vienna, witness of the brutalities of the Austrian counter-revolutionary military.—121 Bollinger—brother of the above, victim of the Austrian counter-revolutionary military.—121 Bonaparte—see Napoleon I Bonaparte—see Napoleon III Bornemann, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig (1798-1864)—Prussian lawyer, liberal, Minister of Justice in the Camphausen Government (from March to June 1848); in 1848 deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing).—21 Bourbons—royal dynasty in France (1589-1792, 1814-15 and 1815-30).—219, 234, 263 Brandenburg, Friedrich Wilhelm, Count von (1792-1850)—Prussian general and statesman, head of the counter-revolutionary Ministry (November 1848-November 1850).—3, 4, 14, 16-21, 25, 31-33, 36, 38, 47, 48, 50-53, 65, 75, 158, 160, 177, 200, 255, 257, 295, 297, 333, 445

Brenner, Johann Karl (1814-1883) — Swiss lawyer and journalist, founder and editor of the Basle Schweizerische Na-

tional-Zeitung, member of the Federal Court from November 1848.—42

Briatte, Georges François, von (1805-1877)—Swiss radical politician, lawyer, colonel; in the 1840s represented the Waadt (Vaud) canton in

the Diet, President of the Council of States (1849 and 1853).—97, 119 Brüggemann, Karl Heinrich (1810-1887)—German journalist, moderate liberal, editor-in-chief of the Kölnische Zeitung (1846-55).—167, 262, 286, 288, 354, 392

Brugisser, Peter (1806-1870)—Swiss politician; deputy to the National Council (1848).—57

Brunnow, Filipp Ivanovich, Baron (1797-1875)—Russian diplomat; in the 1840s and 1850s envoy and later ambassador to London.— 211 Bückler, Johann (c. 1780-1803)—German robber nicknamed Hans the Flayer (Schinderhannes); in a number of literary works depicted as a "noble robber" and defender of the poor.— 69

Budberg, Andrei Fyodorovich, Baron von (1817-1881)—diplomat of Tsarist Russia, chargé d'affaires at Frankfurt from January 1848 and later ambassador to Berlin.—211

Bugeaud de la Piconnerie, Thomas Robert (1784-1849)—French marshal, Orleanist, commander of troops which crushed the republican uprising in Paris in 1834; in 1848-49 commander-in-chief of the Alpine army, deputy to the Legislative Assembly.— 526 Bülow-Cummerow, Ernst Gottfried Georg

von (1775-1851)—German journalist and politician, expressed the interests of big landowners.—381

Bunsen, Christian Karl Josias, Baron von (1791-1860)—Prussian diplomat, writer, theologian; ambassador to London (1842-54).—31

Bürgers, Heinrich (1820-1878)—German radical journalist, contributor to the

Rheinische Zeitung (1842 and 1843); member of the Cologne community of the Communist League (1848); one of the editors of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung, subsequendy became a Progressist.— 475, 499, 500 c

Cabrera-y-Grino (Ramon), Count de Morel-la (1810-1877)—Spanish general, one of the Carlist leaders.—294 Caesar, Gaius Julius (c. 100-44 B.C.)— Roman general and statesman.— 370 Calame, Henri Florian (1807-1863) — Swiss journalist and politician, member of the Great Council of the Neuchâtel canton (1848-63).—8 Camphausen, Ludolf (1803-1890) — German banker, a leader of the Rhenish liberal bourgeoisie; Prussian Prime Minister (March-June 1848), Prussian envoy to the Central Authority (July 1848-April 1849).— 3, 31, 154, 157, 158, 160, 163, 165-67, 255, 257, 267, 275, 295-97, 326, 446 Cantador, Lorenz—German merchant, participant in the 1848-49 revolution; commander of the civic militia in Düsseldorf (1848); in December 1848 was arrested for call to armed resistance to the royal power; was released in March 1849 and emigrated to the USA.—341, 346, 474 Capet—see Louis XVI Carlos, Don (Carlos Maria Isidoro) (1788-1855)—pretender to the Spanish throne, henchman of the feudal aristocracy and clericals who unleashed civil war in Spain (1833-40).—235, 265, 294 Carnot, Lazare Nicolas (1753-1823)— French mathematician; political and military figure in the French Revolution, Jacobin; took part in the Thermidor coup in 1794.—227, 402 Carolingians—Frankish royal dynasty (751-843).—369 Carstens—see Lessner, Friedrich Carteret, Antoine Désiré (1813-1889) — Swiss statesman and politician; member of the Great Council of the Geneva canton (1848-51) and of the Council of States (1847-49).— 112 Castella—Swiss radical politician; member of the Government of the

Freiburg (Fribourg) canton (1847-56).—57 Castoldi, Jean Jacques (1804-1871)—Swiss radical politician, lawyer; deputy of the Geneva canton to the National Council (1848-51).—147 Cato, Marcus Porcius (Cato the Elder) (234-149 B.C.)—Roman statesman and writer.—221 Caussidière, Marc (1808-1861)—French democrat, participant in the Lyons uprising of 1834; Prefect of the Paris police after the February revolution of 1848; deputy to the Constituent Assembly; emigrated to England in June 1848.—125 Cavaignac, Eleonore Louis Godefroy (1801-1845)—French writer, lawyer and politician; democrat, participant in the 1830 revolution; a leader of the republican society of the Friends of the People during the July monarchy; brother of Louis Eugène Cavaignac.—149 Cavaignac, Louis Eugène (1802-1857)—French general and politician, moderate republican; took part in the conquest of Algeria; after the February 1848 revolution, Governor of Algeria; from May 1848 War Minister of France; directed the suppression of the June uprising; head of executive power (June-December 1848).—23, 102-04, 124-26, 133, 214, 282 Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de (1547-1616)—Spanish writer.—68 Chambord, Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie

Dieudonné d'Artois, duc de Bordeaux, comte de (1820-1883)—representative of the elder line of the Bourbons, pretender to the French throne under the name of Henry V.—354 Changarnier, Nicolas Anne Théodule (1793-1877)—French general and politician, monarchist; deputy to the Constituent and the Legislative Assembly; after June 1848 commanded the Paris garrison and national guard; took part in dispersing the demonstration of June 13, 1849, in Paris.—282, 284 Charlemagne (Charles the Great) (c. 742-814)—King of the Franks (768-800) and Roman Emperor (800-14).—367 Charles I (1600-1649)—King of Great Britain and Ireland (1625-49), be-headed during the revolution.—15, 325, 338 Charles V (1500-1558)—King of Spain (1516-56), Holy Roman Emperor (1519-56).—14 Charles X (1757-1836)—King of France (1824-30).—15 Charles Martel (c. 688-741)—Frankish mayor of the palace, in 715 became actual ruler of the Frankish state.—232 Chiodo, Agostino, Baron (1792-1861)—Italian general and statesman; after the fall of the Gioberti Government in Turin in 1849 took the post of Prime Minister.—456 Christern, Johann Wilhelm—author of the anonymously published satirical pamphlet Doctor Eisele's und Baron von Beisele's Landtagsreise im April 1847.—89 Claudius, Matthias (1740-1815)— German poet, author of several songs.—81 Compes, Josef Gerhard (1810-1887)— German lawyer, liberal politician; in 1848 and 1849 deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left Centre).—255 Cramer, Carl— German democrat; publisher and editor of the Cologne democratic newspaper Der Wächter

am Rhein (1848-49).—529, 530 Cromwell, Oliver (1599-1658)—one of the leaders of the English revolution, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1653.—15

Csenkly, J.— Hungarian patriot; sentenced to imprisonment in 1849 by the Austrian court for concealing arms.—430

Csorich (Coric), Anton, Barun od Monte Creto (1795-1864)—Austrian general of Croat descent; took part in suppressing the October 1848 upris-

ing in Vienna and in the war against revolutionary Hungary.—292, 400, 405, 434 Ciartoryskis—family of Polish princes.— 229 Czernovich—captain of a Rumanian detachment which took part with the Austrian troops in the campaign against Hungarian guerillas on the Theiss.—406 Czuczar (mid-19th cent.)—Hungarian Catholic priest, author of a patriotic song calling on the people to fight against Austrian rule.—352

D

Damjanich, Janos (1804-1849)— Hungarian general, participant in the 1848-49 revolution in Hungary, comrade-in-arms of Kossuth; after the defeat of the revolution was executed by the Austrian authorities on October 6, 1849, together with twelve other Hungarian generals.—293, 434, 441 Danton, Georges Jacques (1759-1794)— prominent figure in the" French Revolution, leader of the Right-wing Jacobins.—227 Deinhard, Heinrich Marianus (first half of 19th cent.)—German democratic writer from Weimar.—342 Dembinski, Henryk (1791-1864)—Polish general and prominent figure in the national liberation movement, participant in the Polish insurrection of 1830-31; commander-in-chief of the Hungarian revolutionary army (February-April 1848) and the Northern Theiss army; after the defeat of the revolution emigrated first to Turkey and then to France.—348-49, 352, 409, 427-28, 437, 443, 451, 458, 459, 460, 466 Demosthenes (384 or 383-322 B.C.)— Greek orator and politician.—396 Deym, Count—commander of a brigade in the Austrian army which crushed the revolution in Hungary (1848-49).—404 Dibich-Zabalkanski, Ivan Ivanovich (Diebitsch-Sabalkanski, Hans Karl Friedrich Anton), Count (1785-1831)—Russian field marshal, commander-in-chief of the Tsarist army which suppressed the Polish insurrection of 1830-31.—349, 372

Dietrich—Austrian general, participant in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—407, 461 Donizetti, Gaetano (1797-1848)—Italian composer.—117 Drigalski, von—Prussian general, in 1848 commanded a division in Düsseldorf.—75-79, 187, 195, 416, 512 Dronke, Ernst (1822-1891)—German journalist, at first a "true socialist", later a member of the Communist League and an editor of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung.— 81 Druey, Henri (1799-1855)—Swiss radical statesman; took part in drafting the 1848 Constitution; member of the Federal Council (1848-55), and President of the Swiss Confederation in 1850.—44, 84, 85, 87, 95, 97, 98, 113, 137, 151

Duchâtel, Charles Marie Tanneguy, comte

(1803-1867)—French statesman, Orleanist; Minister of the Interior (1839 and 1840-February 1848).—151 Duesberg, Franz von (1793-1872) — Prussian Finance Minister (1846-March 1848).—383, 385, 388, 389 Dufour, Guillaume Henri (1787-1875)—Swiss general and liberal politician; in 1847 commanded the federal army in the war against the Sonderbund; deputy to the National Council in 1848-49.—59, 61. 140, 141, 146, 149-51 Dumont, Joseph (1811-1861)—German journalist, moderate liberal; in 1831 became publisher of the Kölnische Zeitung.—19, 45, 166, 210, 254, 255. 257, 259, 289, 301, 354 Duroc, Geraud Christophe Michel, duc de

Friuli (1772-1813)—French general and diplomat, Napoleon's aide-de-camp in the campaigns of 1805-06 and 1807.—429

E

Ebermeier (Ebermeyer)—Prussian judiciary official in Düsseldorf; examining magistrate in 1849.—344, 464 Ehrenberg, Christian Gottfried (1795-1876)—German naturalist, professor of Berlin University.—106 Eichhorn, Johann Albrecht Friedrich (1779-1856)—Prussian conservative statesman, Minister of Religious Worship, Education and Medicine (1840-48).—31, 240, 244 Eichmann, Franz August (1793-1879)—representative of the old-Prussian aristocratic bureaucracy; Oberpräsident of the Rhine Province (1845-50), Minister of the Interior in the Pfuel Government (September-October 1848), deputy to the First Chamber (1849).—21, 37, 38, 46, 48, 49, 321, 502, 527, 528 Eisenfels—Hungarian printer of Jewish descent; victim to arbitrariness of the Austrian occupation forces (1849).— 416 Engelhardt, Anton Yevstafyevich (1795-1872)—Russian general; took part in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—454-55, 472 Engels—Prussian colonel and, from 1851, general; commandant of Cologne (in the 1840s and 1850s).— 268, 400, 527, 528 Engels, Frederick (1820-1895).—58, 81, 182, 208, 224, 317, 475, 497-98, 499, 500, 505, 511, 515, 516, 517, 518, 521, 522, 523, 526, 529 Erbach—Austrian army officer, an aide-de-camp of Windischgrätz; took part in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—479 Escher, Alfred (1819-1882)—Swiss politician, lawyer, moderate liberal; President of the Great Council of the Zurich canton (1847), federal representative in Tessin; from 1849 repeatedly elected President of the National Council.—57, 59, 61, 86, 108, 119, 141, 144, 148, 151, 241 Esser, Christian Joseph (born c. 1809) — German worker, member of the Cologne Workers' Association; editor of its newspaper Freiheit, Brüderlichkeit, Arbeit in 1849.—188, 189, 191-94, 319, 513, 524, 525 Esser I, Johann Heinrich Theodor—Prussian official, lawyer, clerical; in 1848 Vice-President of the Prussian National Assembly (Centre).—198 Esser II, Ferdinand Joseph—Prussian official, clerical; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly in 1848 (Right Centre); President of the Cologne Citizens' Association.—198 Esser, J. P.— Prussian judiciary official, counsellor of the Rhenish Court of Appeal in Berlin, democrat; in 1848 deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing); in 1849 deputy to the Second Chamber (Left wing).— 197-99 Este, Maximilian Joseph Johann Ambros

Karl, Archduke of Austria (1782-1863)—Master of the Ordnance, chief of the 4th Infantry Regiment of the Austrian army.—452 Esterhâzy of Galântha, Paul Anthony (Pal

Antâl), Prince (1786-1866) — Hungarian magnate, diplomat in the service of the Austrians, Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Hungarian Government (March-September 1848).— 399 Eytel, Jules (1817-1873)—Swiss politician, a radical leader in the Waadt (Vaud) canton, deputy to the National Council (1848).—57, 58, 140, 147, 148

F

Falkenheim—German democrat, President of the "Germania" society in

Breslau (Wroclaw) (1848).—315 Faucher, Léon (1803-1854) — French writer and politician, moderate liberal, Orleanist; Minister of the Interior (December 1848-May 1849). later Bonapartist.— 281

Fazy, Jean Jacob (James) (1794-1878)— Swiss statesman and journalist, radical, head of government of the Geneva canton (1846-53 and 1855-61); in the 1850s pursued a pro-Bonapartist policy.—57 Ferdinand 7/(1810-1859)—King of Sicily and Naples (1830-59).—183, 213, 216, 225, 251 Fischbach—German democrat; took part in the democratic banquet organised in 1849 by the Workers' Association in Mülheim (Rhine Province).—522 Fischer, Alois—Swiss conservative politician, member of the Council of States and, from November 1848, of the National Council.—56, 59 Fligely, August von (1810-1879) — Austrian colonel, participant in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—461 Flottwell, Eduard Heinrich von (1786-1865)—Prussian statesman; Finance Minister (1844-46), Oberpräsident of Posen and later of Westphalia; in 1848-49 deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right wing).— 383, 385, 388, 389 Fonton, Felix Petrovich, von (b. 1801) — Russian diplomat; in 1848 counsellor of the Russian Embassy in Vienna.—211 Förster, Franz (d. February 1849) — Hungarian patriot, shot by decision of the Austrian court martial.—416 Fourier, François Marie Charles (1772-1837) — French Utopian socialist.— 260 Francis Charles (Franz Karl) (1802-1878) — Archduke of Austria, father of Emperor Francis Joseph I.—92 Francis (Franz) Joseph I (1830-1916) — Emperor of Austria (1848-1916).— 212 Franscini, Stefano (1796-1857)—Swiss radical politician and economist of Italian descent; in 1848 deputy to the Federal and the National Councils.—85-87, 95, 97, 112, 113, 151 Frederick II (Frederick the Great) (1712-1786) —King of Prussia (1740-86).—385 Frederick VII (Frederik Carl Christian VII) (1808-1863)—King of Denmark (1848-63).—223 Frederick William III( 1770-1840)—King of Prussia (1797-1840).—31, 75, 99 Frederick William IV( 1795-1861)—King of Prussia (1840-61).—31, 32, 33, 45, 53, 199, 222, 244, 329, 386, 413, 527 Freiligrath, Ferdinand (1810-1876) — German romantic and later revolutionary poet, member of the Communist League, an editor of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung (1848-49).—210, 525 Frey (Frei), Remigius Emil (1803^ 1889)—Swiss statesman, lawyer; deputy of the Basle canton to the National Council (1848-51).—57, 98, 108, 141 Frey-Hérosé (Frei-Herose), Friedrich (1801-1873)—Swiss military man and politician; in 1848 deputy to the Federal and the National Councils.—57, 85, 87, 98, 113 Funk—German democrat, member of the Cologne Democratic Society (1848).—529 Funk, Alexander Ludwig (1806-1871)—Swiss politician and statesman; President of the Federal Assembly (1848), then deputy to the National Council.—10, 42, 86 Furrer, Jonas (1805-1861)—Swiss politician, moderate liberal, lawyer; in

1848 President of the Diet and then of the Swiss Confederation, Burgomaster of Zurich.—10, 44, 57, 61, 83-86, 98, 113, 114, 136, 144, 150-52, 179, 181

G

Gagern, Heinrich Wilhelm August, Baron von (1799-1880)—German politician, from May to December 1848 deputy to and President of the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre), Imperial Prime Minister (December 1848-March 1849).—51 Gagern, Maximilian Ludwig, Baron von (1810-1889)—German official, in 1849 deputy to the Frankfurt Nation-

al Assembly (Right Centre); brother of Heinrich Gagern.—67 Gaj, Ljudevit (1809-1872)—Croatian journalist, philologist and politician, one of the leaders of the South-Slav (Illyrian) national movement, advocate of a federation of national regions under the Habsburg monarchy.— 233 Geiger, Wilhelm Arnold—Prussian police official, examining magistrate (1848) and then Police Superintendent in Cologne.—192, 483, 527 Gierke—Prussian official, in 1848 deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left Centre); Minister of Agriculture in the Auerswald-Hansemann Government (June-September 1848); deputy to the First Chamber in 1849.—168, 197, 199 Gioberti, Vincenzo (1801-1852)—Italian politician, philosopher, representative of the liberal-monarchist wing of the national movement; from December 1848 to February 1849 Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia (Piedmont).—456 Girardin, Emile de (1806-1881) — French journalist and politician; between the 1830s and 1860s was editor of La Presse several times; notorious for his lack of principles in politics.— 23 Gladbach, Anton (d. 1873)—German democrat; in 1848 deputy of Mülheim to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing), President of the Democratic Club in Berlin.— 522, 529 Gläser—Austrian lieutenant-field marshal, took part in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—406, 407, 423, 437 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832)—German poet.—30, 68, 276, 295, 395 Görgey, Arthur (1818-1916) —military leader of the 1848-49 revolution in Hungary, a commander and, from April to June 1849, commander-in-chief of the Hungarian army, War Minister (from May 1849); expressed conservative sentiments of the nobility; became an advocate of agreement with the Habsburgs and then of capitulation,—292, 298, 301, 404-05, 424, 430, 434, 435, 451, 452, 457, 458-60, 466, 468, 473, 480 Görgey—wife of Arthur Görgey.—473 Gottschalk, Andreas (1815-1849)— German physician, member of the Cologne community of the Communist League; President of the Cologne Workers' Association (April-June 1848); represented "Left" sectarian trend in the German working-class movement.—188-96, 474, 475, 483, 513 Götz, Christian (1783-1849)—Austrian general, took part in suppressing the Italian national liberation movement and in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—292, 400, 404, 405, 424, 425, 434, 458, 459, 466, 480 Graff, Joseph^German democrat, deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing); in November 1848 acting Burgomaster of Bonn.—39 Grammont von Lithal, Franz, Baron (1799-1849)—Austrian general, took part in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—302 Grassalkovich (19th cent.)—owner of a castle in Gödöllö (near Pest).—473 Grimm brothers—see Grimm, Jacob Ludwig Carl and Grimm, Wilhelm Carl Grimm, Jacob Ludwig Carl (1785-1863)—German philologist, author of a historical grammar of the German language (Die deutsche Gram-matik) and of folklore adaptations; professor in Göttingen and then in Berlin, liberal.—106 Grimm, Wilhelm Carl (1786-1859)— German philologist, co-author of his brother in his main works, professor in Göttingen and then in Berlin.—106 Groote, von—Prussian judiciary official, witness for prosecution at Gottschalk's trial,—191, 195, 284 Guerazzi, Francesco (1804-1873)—Italian writer and politician, moderate democrat; member of the Tuscany

Provisional Government (from February 1849), head of executive power in Tuscany (March and April 1848).—104 Guffanti, Wiegand—German merchant, democrat; member of the Cologne People's Committee (1848).—529 Guizot, François Pierre Guillaume (1787-1874)—French historian and conservative statesman; actually directed home and foreign policy of France from 1840 until the February revolution of 1848.—66, 129, 307, 421

H

Haaf, Chr.—member of the Lausanne Workers' Association (1848).—506 Habsburg (-Lothringen), Wilhelm Franz Karl (b. 1827)—Archduke of Austria, held commanding posts in the Austrian army (1848-49) which took part in suppressing the national liberation movement in Italy and in the war against revolutionary Hungary.—408 Habsburgs—dynasty of emperors of the Holy Roman Empire from 1273 to 1806 (with intervals), of Austria (from 1804) and of Austria-Hungary (from 1867 to 1918).—228, 229, 236 Hampden, John (1595-1643)—English politician during the 17th-century revolution, a leader of opposition to the absolutist regime.—338 Hanow, Friedrich—German official; in 1848 deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left Centre); in 1849 deputy to the Second Chamber (Left wing).—175 Hansemann, David Justus (1790-1864)—German capitalist, a leader of the Rhenish liberal bourgeoisie; Prussian Finance Minister (March-September 1848).—30, 151, 157, 158, 160, 163, 167-79, 182, 192, 255, 257, 261, 267, 315, 316, 321, 484 Hattemer, Heinrich (1809-1849) — German philologist, participant in the Baden republican uprising in April 1848; refugee in Switzerland; a leader of the "Hilf Dir" military association.—242 Hatzfeldt, Melchior Gustav Paul, Count von H.-Wildenburg (1831-1901)— German diplomat, son of Sophie Hatzfeldt.—475 Haugh—judge of the Provincial Court, deputy to the Berlin National Assembly (Centre).—45 Haulik, György (1788-1869)—Arch-bishop of Zagreb, big landowner.— 469, 470 Hausmann—German worker, took part in the democratic banquet in Cologne on February 24, 1849.—530 Hebert, Michel Pierre Alexis (1799-1887) — French lawyer and statesman, Orleanist; Chief Public Prosecutor of the Royal Court (from 1841), Minister of Justice (1847-February 1848).—307 Hecker—Prussian judiciary official, Public Prosecutor in Cologne (1848).— 81, 82, 192, 316, 319, 496 Hecker, Friedrich Karl Franz (1811-1881)—German democrat, a leader of the Baden republican uprising in April 1848; emigrated first to Switzerland and then to the USA.—67, 72 Heckscher, Johann Gustav (1797-1865)—German lawyer, Imperial Minister of Justice (July-August 1848) and Minister of Foreign Affairs (August-September 1848); ambassador of the Imperial Government to Italy; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre).—67 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770-1831) — German philosopher.—130, 234, 274 Heine, Heinrich (1797-1856)—German revolutionary poet.— 33, 71, 130, 256, 272, 366 Heinrich LXXII (1797-1853)—Prince of Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf, a tiny German principality (1822-48).—260 Helena—see Yelena Pavlovna Hengstenberg, Ernst Wilhelm (1802-1869)—German theologian, professor of Berlin University, editor of the

Evangelische Kirchenzeitung, extreme conservative.—106 Henkel, Karl Heinrich (1802-1873)— German lawyer; elected to the Frankfurt National Assembly in 1848; resigned on July 3, re-elected in March 1849 (Left Centre).—195 Henry V—see Chambord, Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonné d'Artois, duc de Bordeaux, comte de Herczmanovsky—major of the Austrian army, took part in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—302 Hergenhahn, August ( 1804-1874)—Public Prosecutor at the Supreme Court of Appeal in Wiesbaden; Prime Minister of Nassau (1848-49); deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre); an imperial commissioner sent to Berlin in November 1849 to settle the conflict between the King and the Prussian Assembly.—65 Hermes, Johann Timotheus (1738-1821)—German theologian and writer; author of the novel Sophiens Reise von Memel nach Sachsen.—67 Herwegh, Georg Friedrich (1817-1875)—German democratic poet; a leader of the German Democratic Society in Paris (1848).—240 Herx—leader of the Workers' Choral Society in Cologne.—530 Herzog, Karl (1798-1857)—Swiss journalist and liberal politician, editor of the Berner Verfassungs-Freund.— 248 Hey dt, August, Baron von der (1801-1874)—banker in Elberfeld, Prussian statesman; Minister of Trade, Industry and Public Works (December 1848-62); deputy to the Second Chamber in 1849.—160 Hildebrandt, Johann Andreas Karl (1764-1848)—German writer, author of adventure stories and tales of chivalry.—168 Hobbes, Thomas (1588-1679) —English philosopher.—165 Hoffmann—Prussian Landrat in Oppeln (1849).—269 Hohenzollern—see Frederick William IV Hohenzollerns—dynasty of Brandenburg electors (1415-1701), Prussian kings (1701-1918) and German emperors (1871-1918).—14, 273 Hornberger, Heinrich ( 1806-1851)—Swiss liberal politician, lawyer; from 1848 deputy of the Waadt (Vaud) canton to the National Council.—147 Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus) (65-8 B.C.)—Roman poet.—68, 143 Hrabovsky (Hrabovszky) von Hrabova, Johann (Janos), Baron (1779-1852) — Austrian lieutenant-field marshal of Hungarian descent; in early 1847 commander of troops in Slavonia and Syrmien; in 1848 headed the Hungarian army fighting against the Southern Slavs; in 1850 was sentenced to death for non-fulfilment of military duties; later the death sentence was commuted to ten-year imprisonment.—444 Hungerbühler—Swiss statesman and politician; deputy of the Berne canton to the National Council (1848-75).—108 Hünnemann—police inspector in Cologne (1848).—190

I

Imobersteg (Im Obersteg, im Obersteg), Jakob (1813-1875)—Swiss lawyer; deputy to the National Council (1848-58); member of the Supreme Court (1846-49).—57

J

Jablonowsky, Felix, Prince (1808-1857) — Austrian major-general; took part in suppressing the popular uprising in Prague (in June 1848) and in the war against revolutionary Hungary (1848-49).—405, 424, 480 Jade, Karl Heinrich Christian (1815-1873) — German writer, member of the Jena District Committee of Democrats (1848).—342 James (Joseph) 7/(1741-1790) —Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (1765-90).—421

James II (1633-1701)—King of Great Britain and Ireland (1685-88).—15 Jauch, Franz (1807-1867)—Swiss lawyer, liberal, member of the Federal Court (1848-52).—42 Jellachich de Buzim (Jellacic), Josef, Count (1801-1859)—Austrian general, Ban of Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia (1848-59); took an active part in suppressing the popular uprising in Vienna in October 1848 and in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—23, 51, 68, 93, 103, 120, 164, 235, 237, 347-48, 373, 375, 399, 400, 410, 412, 416-17, 425, 428, 434, 438, 447, 452, 470, 479 Jenni (Jenny)—Swiss radical journalist, editor of the Berne humoristic newspaper Gukkasten.—249 John (Johann Baptist Joseph Fabian Sebas-tian) (1782-1859)—Archduke of Austria; Imperial Regent of Germany (June 1848 to December 1849).— 68, 89, 99 Jolly—member of the Swiss Federal Court; in 1848 deputy of the Freiburg (Fribourg) canton to the National Council.—42 Jovanovich—Serbian major, took part in the Serbian national movement in the Voivodina and in the war against revolutionary Hungary (1848-49).—441

K

Kalbermatten, Wilhelm (1793-1875) — Swiss general; headed the counter-revolutionary coup d'état in the Wallis (Valais) canton in 1844; in 1847 fought for the Sonderbund in the civil war; after its defeat emigrated to Italy, served in the Papal army.—148 Kamp—German democrat, attended the democratic banquet in Cologne on February 24, 1849.—530 Kamptz, Karl Christoph Albert Heinrich

von (1769-1849) — Prussian conservative statesman, Minister of Justice (1832-42).—381, 382 Karrer, Karl, von Bumpliz (1815-1886)—Swiss lawyer; deputy of the Berne canton to the National Council (1848-86); member (from 1850) and later President of the Berne Great Council.— 113 Kasinsky—one of the commanders of the Hungarian revolutionary army in 1848 and 1849.—427 Katzenmaier (Katzenmayer), Nepomuk— German merchant, participant in the Baden republican uprising in April 1848, later refugee in Switzerland.— 117 Keisewetter, von—Austrian major, took part in the war against revolutionary Hungary (1848-49).—404 Kern, Johann Konrad (1808-1888)—Swiss politician, lawyer and diplomat; from November 1848 deputy of the Thurgau canton to the National Council, from July 1850, President of the National Council; President of the Federal Court (1848-49).—42, 144, 147

Kinkel, Johann Gottfried (1815-1882) — German poet and democratic journalist, participant in the Baden-Palatinate uprising of 1849; fled to London where he became a petty-bourgeois refugee leader and fought against Marx and Engels.—396

Kirchmann, Julius Hermann von (1802-1884)—German lawyer, writer and philosopher, radical; in 1848 deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left Centre); in 1849 deputy to the Second Chamber, later member of the Progressist Party.—197, 199 Kisker—Prussian judiciary official; Minister of Justice in the Pfuel Government (September-October 1848); deputy to the First Chamber (1849).—321 Kiss, Ernst (Erne) (d. 1849)—general of the Hungarian revolutionary army (1848-49); executed by the Austrian authorities on October 6, 1849, together with twelve other Hungarian generals.—479

Klapka, György (1820-1892)—general of the Hungarian revolutionary army (1848-49); commandant of the Komorn (Komârom) fortress (June-September 1849); emigrated after the revolution; returned to Hungary in 1867.—460 Knicanin, Stephan Petrovié (1809-1855)—Serbian politician and statesman; from July 1848 to March 1849 commander of a volunteers' detachment from the principality of Serbia which took part in the struggle of the Voivodina Serbs against the Hungarian revolutionary army.— 468 Koller—Hungarian judiciary official (1849), supporter of the Austrian monarchy.— 351 Kopp, Alois—Swiss politician; member of the National Council (1848).—57 Korff, Hermann—Prussian officer, democrat; in 1847 was discharged from the army for his political views; responsible publisher of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung (1848-49); subsequently emigrated to the USA.—182, 510, 517 Kortum, Karl Arnold (1745-1824) — German poet and writer, author of the satiric poem Die Jobsiade.— 89, 154 Kosciuszko, Tadeusz Andrzej Bonawentura (1746-1817)—Polish general and a leader of the national liberation movement; in 1776-83 took part in the American War of Independence; leader of the Polish uprising of 1794.—372 Kossuth, Laps (1802-1894)—leader of the Hungarian national liberation movement; headed bourgeois-democratic elements during the 1848-49 revolution; head of the Hungarian revolutionary Government; after the defeat of the revolution emigrated first to Turkey and then to England and America.—227, 228, 237, 269, 270, 294, 298, 299, 302, 303, 351, 352, 371, 395, 399, 410, 411, 415, 425, 431, 437, 443, 461, 467, 479, 522, 529 Krahe—German watchmaker; member of the Cologne Workers' Association in 1848-49.—522 Krauss, Philipp, Baron von (1792-1861)—Austrian statesman; Finance Minister (1848-51).—90 Kühlwetter, Friedrich Christian Hubert voit,

(1809-1882)—Prussian statesman; Minister of the Interior in the Auerswald-Hansemann Government (June-September 1848), later Regierungspräsident in Düsseldorf, Oberpräsident of Westphalia.—168, 172, 174, 176 Kulmer, Franz, Baron von (1806-1853)—Austrian politician; viceroy of the Agram (Zagreb) comitat (1840s); from December 1848 Minister without portfolio.—348 Kunz (d. October 1848)—Swiss by birth; accountant at Specker's works near Vienna; victim to arbitrary acts of the Austrian military.—121 Kurth—German worker, carpenter; in 1848-49 member of the Workers' Association and the Democratic Society in Cologne; took part in the democratic banquet on February 24, 1849.—529

L

Ladenberg, Adalbert von (1798-1855)—representative of Prussian bureaucracy; Minister of Religious Worship, Education and Medicine (November 1848-December 1850).— 32-33, 192, 255, 257, 321 Lafaurie (Lafourie), Wilhelm Adolf (born c. 1816)—German philosopher; in 1848 member of the District Committee of Democrats in Jena.— 342 Lamartine, Alphonse Marie Louis de ( 1790-1869)—French poet, historian and politician; a leader of moderate republicans in the 1840s; from February to May 1848 Minister of Foreign Affairs and de facto head of the Provisional Government.— 66, 124, 125, 126, 213, 214, 362, 363, 414

Lange, Ferdinand (c. 1823-1849)— candidate of theology; in 1848 member of the District Committee of Democrats in Jena.—342 Laroche (La Roche-Stehelin), Benedikt (1802-1876)—Swiss banker; in 1848 Postmaster-General; subsequendy held various administrative posts in the Basle canton.—119 Lasar, György, Count (1807-1861) — captain of the Austrian army, colonel of the Hungarian revolutionary army; in January 1848 gave himself up to the Austrian command which sentenced him to death, the death sentence being commuted to ten-year imprisonment; released in 1850.—444 Lassalle, Ferdinand (1825-1864) — German writer and lawyer, petty-bourgeois socialist; in 1848-49 took part in the democratic movement in the Rhine Province; founder of the General Association of German Workers (1863); initiator of the opportunist trend in German Social-Democracy.—77, 79, 341, 344-46, 463-65, 474, 475 Latour, Theodor, Count Baillet von ( 1780-1848)—Austrian conservative statesman; in 1848 War Minister; was killed during the Vienna uprising in October 1848.—43 Laugier, K., de—Italian general; in 1848 took part in the national liberation war against Austria as commander of the Tuscan division; later on opposed the republican movement in Tuscany and Rome.—456 Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre Auguste (1807-1874)—French journalist and politician; a leader of the petty-bourgeois democrats; editor of La Réforme; Minister of the Interior in the Provisional Government (February-May 1848); member of the Constituent and the Legislative Assembly (head of the Montagnards).—87, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129, 213, 529 Leiningen-Westerburg, Christian Franz Seraphin Vincenz, Count (1812-1856)—Austrian general; participated in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—423, 478 Leopold / ( 1790-1865)—King of Belgium (1831-65).—307 Leopold II (1797-1870)—Grand Duke of Tuscany (1824-59).—456, 526 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim (1729-1781)—German writer, critic and philosopher of the Enlightenment.—225 Lessner, Friedrich (1825-1910)— prominent in the German and international working-class movement; member of the Communist League; took part in the 1848-49 revolution; prosecuted at the Cologne communist trial in 1852; member of the General Council of the First International; friend and comrade-in-arms of Marx and Engels.— 525, 529 Leuthaus—Prussian judiciary official; examining magistrate in Cologne in 1848.—46, 192 Lichnowski, Felix Maria, Prince von (1814-1848)—Prussian army officer; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right wing); killed during the Frankfurt uprising in September 1848.—82, 504 Lohbauer, Rudolf—Prussian journalist; in the early 1830s radical, then emigrated to Strassburg; professor in Berne from 1835; in the 1840s returned to Berlin where he contributed to Prussian government and pietist periodicals.—239, 240 Louis XI (1423-1483)—King of France (1461-83).—228 Louis XVI (1754-1793)—King of France (1774-92); guillotined during the French Revolution.—15 Louis Bonaparte—see Napoleon III Louis Napoleon—see Napoleon HI Louis Philippe I (1773-1850)—Duke of Orleans, King of the French (1830-48).—129, 131, 275, 307 Lbwenfeb, T. W.—German writer; a refugee in Switzerland; participated in the republican uprising in Baden in September 1848.—204

Lubomirski, Jerzy, Prince (1817-1872)— participant in the Slav Congress in Prague; deputy to the Austrian Imperial Diet in 1849.—377 Lubomirskis—family of Polish princes. —229 Lucas—member of the Workers' Association in Mülheim (Rhine Province) in 1849.—522 Lüders, Alexander Nikolayevich, Count (1790-1874)—Russian general, in 1848 commander of the occupation corps in Moldavia and Wallachia; in 1849 fought in the war against the Hungarian army in Transylvania.—436, 472 Ludwig Joseph Anton (1784-1864)— Archduke of Austria.—212 Lusser, Florian (1820-1889)—Swiss Public Prosecutor; deputy of the Uri canton to the National Council (1848-60).—108 Luther, Martin (1483-1546)—leader of the Reformation; founder of Protes-tantism (Lutheranism) in Germany; ideologist of the German burghers.—35 Lutter—Prussian official; police inspec-tor in Cologne in 1848.—190 Luvini, Giacomo (1795-1862)—Swiss colonel of Italian descent, radical politician, lawyer; in 1847 fought in the war against the Sonderbund; deputy of the Tessin canton to the National Council from 1848.—114, 115, 118, 140, 141, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 152

M

Madarasz, Jozef—Hungarian politician and lawyer, editor of Left newspapers; during the 1848 revolution the Left-wing leader of the Hungarian State Assembly.— 351 Malkowsky von Dammwalden, Ignaz (1784-1854)—Austrian general of Polish descent; participated in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—472, 473, 478 Malten, H.—German conservative journalist; editor of the Frankfurter Oberpostamts-Zeitung (1848-49).—421 Maltheser, Johann—Prussian police spy, bookbinder by trade.—191, 195, 210 Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766-1834)— English clergyman and economist, author of the theory of population.— 260 Mamiani delta Rovere, Terenzio, Count (1799-1885)—Italian poet, journalist, philosopher and politician; advocate of constitutional monarchy; Minister of the Interior of the Papal states (May-August 1848).—103 Manteuffel, Otto Theodor, Baron von (1805-1882)—Prussian conservative statesman; Minister of the Interior (November 1848-November 1850); deputy to the First and Second Chambers (1849), Prime Minister (1850-58).—31-33, 38, 47, 51, 53, 65, 99, 255, 257, 259, 261, 269, 270,446, 450 Marat, Jean Paul (1743-1793)—a Jacobin leader in the French Revolution.—530 Marilley, Etienne (1804-1889)—Bishop of Freiburg (1846-79), instigator of an anti-democratic revolt in Freiburg (Fribourg) on October 24, 1848.—43, 109 Märker (Märcker), Friedrich August ( 1804-1889)—Prussian statesman; Minister of Justice in the Auerswald-Hansemann Government (June-September 1848).—168 Marrast, Armand (1801-1852)—French journalist and politician; a leader of moderate republicans; editor of Le

National; in 1848 member of the Provisional Government and Mayor of Paris; President of the Constituent Assembly (1848-49).—23, 104, 125, 143, 214 Marx, Karl (1818-1883).—24, 29, 41, 46, 81, 130, 182, 274, 304, 308, 323, 340, 341, 475, 495, 496, 501, 503, 504, 511-14, 517, 522, 523, 527, 529 Matthys, Andreas, von Riitschelen (1817-1872)—Swiss lawyer, radical; member of the Great Council of the Berne canton from 1846.— 56, 59 Maurenbrecher, Peter Wilhelm (1777-1861) — Prussian official; Chief Postmaster in Düsseldorf (1817-50).—77

Mayerhofer—Austrian top-rank official in the Serbian Voivodina in 1849.— 416 Mazzini, Giuseppe (1805-1872)—a leader of the national liberation and democratic movement in Italy; in 1849 head of the Provisional Government of the Roman Republic.—239 Medem, Pavel Ivanovich, Count (1800-1854)—Russian diplomat, ambassador to Vienna.—211 Mellinet, François Aimé (1768-1852) — Belgian general; participant in the democratic movement and the 1830 revolution in Belgium; Honorary President of the Brussels Democratic Association; a defendant at the Risquons-Tout trial.—189, 530 Mengen, Karl, Baron von (1774-1851) — Austrian lieutenant-field marshal; fought in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.— 406 Messenhauser, Caesar Wenzel (1813-1848)—Austrian army officer and man of letters; commander of the national guard and commandant of Vienna during the uprising in October 1848; shot after the city was seized by the Austrian troops.— 249 Mészdros, Lâzâr (1796-1858)— Hungarian general; Minister of War in 1848-49; after the suppression of the revolution emigrated first to Turkey and then to the USA.— 425, 479 Metternich, Germain—German democrat; after the September 1848 uprising in Frankfurt emigrated to Switzerland; in May 1849 returned to Germany to take part in the Baden uprising.—117 Metternich-Winneburg, Clemens Wenzel Lothar, Prince von (1773-1859)—Austrian statesman and diplomat; Minister of Foreign Affairs (1809-21) and Chancellor (1821-48); an organiser of the Holy Alliance.—211, 229, 230, 356, 421 Mevissen, Gustav von (1815-1899)— German banker; in 1848-49 deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre).—255 Meyendorf (Meyendorff), Pyotr Kazimi-rovich, Baron von (1796-1863) — Russian diplomat, ambassador to Berlin (1839-50).—211 Michel—an editor of Die Euolution.—205 Michel, Georg (1804-1867)—Swiss colonel; fought in the war against the" Sonderbund; deputy of Graubünden to the National Council (1848-60).—61, 118, 145, 149, 152 Mieroslawski, Ludwik (1814-1878) — prominent figure in the Polish national liberation movement; participant in the 1830-31 Polish insurrection, in the preparations for the 1846 uprising in the Polish lands and in the revolution of 1848-49; subsequently a leader of the moderate wing of Polish democratic emi-grants; sided with Bonapartism.— 224, 530 Miguel, Maria Evarist (Dom Miguel) (1802-1866)—King of Portugal (1828-34); head of the clerical-absolutist party.—20 Mikhail Pavlovich (1798-1849) — Russian Grand Duke, brother of Nicholas I. —212 Milde, Karl August (1805-1861)— Silesian manufacturer; moderate liberal; Minister of Trade in the Auerswald-Hansemann Government (June-September 1848); in May and June 1848 President of the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing).— 168 Milton, John (1608-1674)—English poet and writer; prominent in the English revolution.— 88 Minutoli, Julius, Baron von (1805-1860) — Prussian official and diplomat; in 1847-48 Polizeipräsident of Berlin.—21 Moga, Johann (Jânos), Prince (1785-1861) — Austrian lieutenant-field marshal of Magyar descent; general of the Hungarian revolutionary army; in October 1848 was removed from this post for his refusal to help revolutionary Vienna; after the victory of the counter-revolution sen-

tenced to twenty years of penal servitude.—444 Mohammed II (1430-1481)—Sultan of Turkey (1451-61).—370 Mohammed IV (1642-1692)—Sultan of Turkey (1648-87).—370 Molière (Jean Baptiste Poquelin) (1622-1673) — French playwright.—164, 356 Monk (Monck), George, 1st Duke of Al-bemarle (1608-1670)—English general and statesman; first monarchist, then general in Cromwell's army; in 1660 helped to restore the Stuarts to power.—283 Montecuccoli (Montecuculi), Albert, Count (1802-1852)—Austrian colonel of Italian descent; took part in the suppression of the uprising in Vienna in October 1848 and in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—351 Morison, James (1770-1840)—English quack who amassed wealth through the sale of so-called Morison's pills.—255 Morret—Prussian police officer; governor of the prison in Düsseldorf in

1848-49.—345, 346, 474 Mosle, Johann Ludwig (1794-1877)— German army officer; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (1848-49); imperial commissioner in Vienna (August-October 1848).—88-90, 92 Mühler, Heinrich Gottlob von (1780-1857) — Prussian judiciary official; Minister of Justice (1832-44); in 1848 presiding judge of the Supreme Court in Berlin.—198, 201 Müller—German worker; took part in the democratic banquet in Cologne on February 24, 1849.—530 Müller, Tobias (Tobie) (1795-1875)— Swiss captain and then colonel, served in the Neapolitan army (from 1825); took part in the suppression of the 1848 revolution in Naples and in the war against the Roman Republic in 1849.—239, 252 Munzinger, Martin Joseph (1791-1855) — Swiss liberal; member of the Federal Council (1848-55); President of the Swiss Confederation (1851).—83, 86, 113, 119, 136, 141, 179, 181

N

Näff, Wilhelm Matthias (1802-1881)— Swiss lawyer and liberal politician; member of the Federal Council (1848).—57, 86, 113, 184 Napoleon I Bonaparte (1769-1821)— Emperor of the French (1804-14 and 1815).—15, 215, 219, 314, 349, 372, 399, 429, 442 Napoleon III (Louis Napoleon) (1808-1873)—nephew of Napoleon I; President of the Second Republic (1848-51); Emperor of the French (1852-70).—23, 69, 104, 125, 213, 238, 281 Neff, Friedrich ( 1821-1849)—German ar-tisan; a refugee in Switzerland; took part in the uprisings in Baden in September 1848 and in 1849.—117, 204 Nemegey—Hungarian patriot, participant in the revolution of 1848-49.—407 Nenstiel, Johann—German merchant; in 1848 deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Centre).—175 Nesselrode, Karl Vasilyevich, Count (1780-1862)—Russian statesman and diplomat; Minister of Foreign Affairs (1816-56), Chancellor of State (from 1845).—66, 211 Neuhaus, Johann Karl Friedrich (1796-1849)—Swiss moderate liberal; President of the Diet (1841); deputy to the National Council (1848).—10, 84, 85, 140, 183, 243, 249 Nicholas I (1796-1855) —Emperor of Russia (1825-55).—211, 212, 377, 402, 440, 454 Nicolovius, Georg Heinrich Franz—Prussian judiciary official; Prosecutor-General of the Rhine Province in 1848.—79, 344, 346, 474-75 Niethake—German army officer, democrat; member of the Cologne

People's Committee in November 1848.—521 Niggeler, Niklaus (1817-1872)—Swiss lawyer, radical; editor of the Berner-Zeitung in 1848.—44, 248 Nugent, Laval, Count von Westmeath (1777-1862)—Austrian Master of the Ordnance; took part in the suppression of the national liberation movement in Italy in 1848 and in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—293, 301, 400, 404, 407, 423, 429, 434, 438, 453 Null, Friedrich van der (died c. 1854) — Austrian colonel and later general; from 1848 commander of the 8th Border Infantry Regiment.—301

O

Ochsenbein, Johann Ulrich (1811-1890)—Swiss statesman and politician; radical and later on liberal; President of the Diet during the war against the Sonderbund; head of the Federal Government (1847-48); in 1848 President of the National Council and member of the Federal Council.—10, 57-59, 84-87, 98, 108, 113, 117, 137, 179, 181, 205, 240, 248, 249, 252, 253 Olfers, von—Prussian judiciary official.—199 d'Orléans, Louis Philippe Joseph, due (called Philippe Egalité) (1747-1793)—cousin of the King of France Louis XVI; sided with the Revolution in 1789; deputy to the Convention.—307 Ott—German democrat from Worringen (Rhine Province).—522 Ottinger, Franz, Baron von (1792-1869)—Austrian general; fought in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—293-94, 302, 409, 425, 427, 428, 433, 479 Otto, Karl Christian (born c. 1818)—doctor of philosophy; in 1848 member of the Jena District Committee of Democrats.— 342 p

Palacky, Frantisek (1798-1876)—Czech historian and liberal politician; Chairman at the Slav Congress in Prague in June 1848; deputy to the Austrian Imperial Diet in 1848-49; champion of a federation of autonomous Slav areas within the confines of the Habsburg monarchy.— 233, 235, 374 Palkovicz—Hungarian judiciary official.—351 Pallfy, Moris, Count—Hungarian general; sided with the Austrian army and fought in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1849.—407 Palmerston, Henry John Temple, 3rd Vis-count (1784-1865)—British statesman; Foreign Secretary (1830-34, 1835-41, 1846-51), Home Secretary (1852-55) and Prime Minister (1855-58 and 1859-65); a Tory at the beginning of his career, from 1830 onwards, a Whig.—66, 69, 70, 86, 211

Paskevich, Ivan Fyodorovich (1782-1856)—Russian general-field marshal; from June 1831 commander-in-chief of the Tsarist army suppressing the Polish insurrection; in 1849 commander-in-chief of the Russian troops participating in the war against revolutionary Hungary.—372 Patow, Erasmus Robert, Baron von (1804-1890)—Prussian statesman; Minister of Trade, Industry and Public Works in the Camphausen Government (April-June 1848).—175 Paul Karl Friedrich August (1785-1852) — Prince of Württemberg.— 212 Peel, Sir Robert (1822-1895)—English diplomat; son of Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel; chargé d'affaires in Berne ( 1847-February 1849).—119 Perczel, Mar (1811-1899)—general of the Hungarian revolutionary army in 1848-49; after the suppression of the revolution emigrated to Turkey and in 1851 to England.—352, 427

Pezza, Michèle (1771-1806)—Italian merchant; during the Napoleonic wars led the struggle against the French in South Italy; in 1806 was seized and hanged; prototype of Fra Diavolo, the title character in an opera by Auber.— 174 Pfuel, Ernst Heinrich Adolf von (1779-1866) — Prussian general; Governor of Neuchâtel (1832-48); commandant of Berlin (March 1848); in May 1848 commanded the troops suppressing the uprising in Posen; in September and October 1848 Prime Minister and War Minister.— 7, 14, 17, 38, 75, 175, 176, 269, 321, 334 Pfyffer, Kasimir (1794-1875)—Swiss lawyer; deputy of the Lucerne canton to the National Council (1848).—42, 142 Piattoli—Austrian major of Italian descent; fought in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.— 302 Pinder, Julius Hermann (b. 1805) — Prussian official, moderate liberal; in 1848 Oberpräsident of Silesia, deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing); deputy to the First Chamber (1849).—38 Pinto, Isaac (1715-1787)—Dutch stock-jobber and economist.—30, 157 Pioda, Giovan Battista (1808-1882)—Swiss politician of Italian descent; participant in the war against the Sonderbund (1847); deputy of the Tessin canton to the National Council (1848-49).—59, 61, 118, 142, 143, 148, 150, 151, 152 Pittet, Benjamin (d. 1863)—Swiss politician and statesman; deputy of the Waadt (Vaud) canton to the National Council (1848-51).—57, 150 Pius IX (Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti) (1792-1878)—Pope (1846-78).—109, 213 Plougoulm, Pierre Ambroise (1776-1863)—French judiciary official; member of the Chamber of Deputies (1846-48).—307 Potockis—family of Polish counts.— 229 Pottier, Adrien Felix (1793-1855)—Swiss politician; from 1848 to 1855 member of the Great Council of the Freiburg canton and deputy of this canton to the National Council.—57 Prinz, W.—member of the Cologne Workers' Association; editor of the newspaper Freiheit, Arbeit, supporter of Gottschalk.—513 Proudhon, Pierre Joseph (1809-1865) — French writer, economist and sociologist, a founder of anarchism; deputy to the Constituent Assembly (1848).—123, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132 Puchner, Anton, Baron von (1779-1852)—Austrian general; fought in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—350-51, 360, 400, 430, 435-37, 461, 471, 478 Pustkuchen-Glanzow, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm (1793-1834)—German writer, author of lampoons against Goethe.—395

R

Radetzky, Josef, Count von Radetz (1766-1858)—Austrian field marshal; commander of the Austrian troops in North Italy from 1831; in 1848-49 suppressed the Italian national liberation movement.—103, 109, 141, 150, 152, 183, 216, 239, 247, 252, 253 Rajachich (Rajacic), Josef (1785-1861)— Metropolitan of Karlowitz; from 1848 Patriarch of Austrian Serbs; Right-wing leader of the Serbian national movement (1848-49); ruler of the Voivodina from February to August 1849.—298, 348, 352, 361, 375, 441 Ramberg, Georg Heinrich, Baron von (1786-1855)—Austrian lieutenant-field marshal; fought in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—480 Raspail, François Vincent (1794-1878) — French naturalist and journalist, socialist; took part in the revolutions of 1830 and 1848; deputy to

the Constituent Assembly.—123, 125, 126, 127, 129 Raumer, Friedrich Ludwig Georg von (1781-1873)—German historian; in 1848 imperial ambassador to Paris; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre).—88, 133 Raveaux, Franz (1810-1851)—German politician, democrat; in 1848-49 deputy of Cologne to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left Centre); imperial commissioner in Switzerland.—63 Reiff, Wilhelm Joseph (born c. 1824)— member of the Cologne Workers' Association and of the Communist League, from which he was expelled in 1850; prosecuted at the Cologne communist trial in 1852.—513, 526 Ricardo, David (1772-1823)—English economist.—260 Riczko—colonel of the Hungarian revolutionary army in 1848-49.—480 Riedmatten, Augustin ( 1796-1867)—Swiss army officer; in 1844 headed the counter-revolutionary coup d'état in the Wallis (Valais) canton; in 1848-49 took part in the suppression of the revolutionary movement in Naples and Sicily.—148 Rimpler, O.—Prussian retired army officer, from July 1848 commanded the civic militia of Berlin; in November 1848 surrendered to Wrangel's counter-revolutionary army.—20 Rintelen, F. Wilhelm von(d. 1869) — Prussian conservative official, deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing); Minister of Justice in the Brandenburg Government (November 1848-April 1849); deputy to the First Chamber (1849).—20, 199-203 Rittinghausen, Moritz (1814-1890) — German democratic journalist and politician; contributor to the Neue Rheinische Zeitung; member of the Cologne Democratic Society and later of the German Social-Democratic Party.—475, 529 Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de (1758-1794)—leader of the Jacobins in the French Revolution; head of the revolutionary Government (1793-94).—30, 313, 530 Rodbertus-Jagetzow, Johann Karl (1805-1875)—German economist; in 1848 leader of the Left Centre in the Prussian National Assembly; subsequendy theoretician of "state socialism".—4

Rosa, Sandor—-a leader of the Hungarian peasants in their struggle against the feudal lords; on Kossuth's initiative, took part in the war of revolutionary Hungary, fought with his detachment against the Austrian troops; hero of many Hungarian folk songs.—443 Röser, Peter Gerhard (1814-1865)— German worker, cigar-maker; a leader of the Cologne Workers' Association (1848-49) and publisher of its newspaper Freiheit, Brüderlichkeit, Arbeit; member of the Communist League.—513, 514, 523, 526, 530 Rossini, Gioacchino Antonio (1792-1868)—Italian composer.—91 Rothe, Karl Gustav (born c. 1823)—German theologian, member of the Jena District Committee of Democrats (1848).—342 Ruge, Arnold{ 1802-1880)—German radical writer, Young Hegelian; in 1848 deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left wing).—363, 377 Rukavina, Georg (Dzuro), Baron von Vidovgrad (1777-1849)—Austrian lieutenant-field marshal of Croatian descent; fought in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—406, 433, 437, 468, 471 Riittimann—Swiss politician; in 1848 deputy of the Zurich canton to the National Council.—98, 108

S

Saedt, Otto Joseph Arnold (1816-1886)— Prussian judiciary official; from 1848 Public Prosecutor in Cologne; conducted prosecution at the Co-

logne communist trial in 1852. —396, 397 Saint-Just, Antoine Louis Léon de (1767-1794)—a Jacobin leader in the French Revolution.—530 •'; .'•' Saint-Simon, Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de (1760-1825)—French Utopian socialist.—260 Schapper, Karl(c. 1812-1870)—outstanding figure in the German and international working-class movement; a leader of the League of the Just, member of the Communist League Central Authority and of the Rhenish District Committee of Democrats; a leader (1848-49) and then President of the Cologne Workers' Association (February to May 1849); after the revolution a leader of a sectarian group in the Communist League; subsequently member of the General Council of the First International.—41, 46, 340, 341, 475, 501, 503, 513, 514, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 525, 526, 529 Scharnhorst, Gerhard Johann David von (1755-1813)—Prussian general and politician; War Minister (1807-10) and Chief of the General Staff (1807-13); reorganised the Prussian army.—116

Schiess, Johann Ulrich (1813-1883)— Swiss politician and diplomat.— 68 Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich von

" (1759-1805)—German poet, play-wright, historian and philosopher.— 17, 89, 213

Schinderhannes—see Bückler, Johann Schlick zu Bassano und Weisskirchen, Franz Heinrich, Count (1789-1862) — Austrian general, chief of the 4th Hussar Regiment; fought in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—290, 291, 293, 300, 302, 347, 360, 399, 400, 401, 404-05, 424, 425, 433, 434, 438, 451, 452, 458-60

Schlink—Prussian judiciary official; in 1848 deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing and then the Centre).—30

21 -3780 Schmerling, Anton von (1805-1893)—Austrian statesman, liberal; in 1848-49 deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre); Minister of the Interior (July-September 1848), Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs (September-December 1848).—51, 67-68, 72-74, 89, 90-91, 92, 117, 181 Schnaase, Karl Julius Ferdinand (1798-1875)—Prussian lawyer and art historian; in 1848 Chief Public Prosecutor in Düsseldorf and subsequently member of the Supreme Court in Berlin.—315 Schnapphahnski—see Lichnowski, Felix Schneeberger, G.—member of the Lausanne Workers' Association in 1848.—506 Schneider II, Karl—German lawyer, democrat; in 1848 President of the Cologne Democratic Society and member of the Rhenish District Committee of Democrats; defence counsel of Marx and Engels at the trial of the

Neue Rheinische Zeitung on February 7, 1849; in 1849 deputy to the Second Chamber (extreme Left wing).—24, 29, 41, 46, 307, 317, 325, 340, 341, 501, 503, 519, 520, 521, 529 Schnyder, Anton—Swiss politician and statesman; deputy to the National Council in 1848.—57

Schönlein, Johann Lukas (1793-1864)— German physician, professor of Berlin University; monarchist.—106 Schreckenstein, Ludwig Johann Karl Greg-ory Eusebius, Baron Roth von (1789-1858)—Prussian general; War Minister (June-September 1848).—168 Schücking, Levin (1814-1883)—German writer, contributor to the Kölnische Zeitung (1845-52).—354

Schultze—Prussian judiciary official; in 1848 deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing).—176

Schulzig, Franz Joseph, Baron von (1787-1864)—Austrian lieutenant-field marshal; fought in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.-424, 458, 459

Schurter—Austrian general; took part in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—454 Schwanbeck, Eugen Alexis (1821-1850)—German journalist, an editor of the Kölnische Zeitung.—347, 354-58, 392, 394, 395, 398-403, 411, 412 Sedlnitzky, Josef, Count von Choltiz (1778-1855)—chief of the Venice police which was in charge of censorship (1817-48).—96 Seiler, Fritz—Swiss colonel; member of the Great Council of the Berne canton (1831-35 and 1838-45); deputy of the Berne canton to the National Council (1848).—205 Sethe, Christoph Wilhelm Heinrich (1767-1855)—Prussian judiciary official.—-50, 198 Shakespeare, William (1564-1616)— English poet and dramatist.— 18, 34, 83, 139, 163, 198 Sieber, Johann Kaspar (1821-1878)— Swiss teacher and journalist; editor-in-chief of the Murter Wächter and an editor of the Berner-Zeitung.— 252 Siegel (Sigel), Franz (1824-1902)—army officer from Baden; democrat; participant in the revolutionary movement in Baden; one of the military leaders of the Baden-Palatinate uprising in 1849; then refugee in Switzerland, England and from 1852 in the USA; took part in the American Civil War on the side of the North-erners.— 117 Siegwart-Müller, Konstantin (1801-1869)—Swiss statesman; President of the Diet (1844); in 1845 Chairman of the Military Council of the Sonderbund; after the latter's defeat fled abroad.—140 Simson, Martin Eduard Sigismund von (1810-1899)—Prussian politician and lawyer; in 1848 member and from December 1848 to May 1849 President of the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre); in November 1848 was sent as an imperial commissioner to Berlin to settle the conflict between the King and the Prussian Assembly.—65 Simunich, Balthasar, Baron von (1785-1861)—Austrian lieutenant-field marshal of Serbian descent; took part in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—351, 400, 407, 408, 434 Smith, Adam (1723-1790)—Scottish economist.—259 Sophia (1805-1872)—Archduchess of Austria, mother of Emperor Francis Joseph I.—92, 211, 212 Sossay, Anton, Baron von (1790-1874)— Austrian major-general and subsequendy lieutenant-field marshal; took part in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—292 Specker, David (1796-1863)—Swiss director of a works near Vienna; eyewit-ness of the brutalities of the Austrian soldiery during the suppression of the Vienna uprising in October 1848.—120, 121 Spiegel-Borlinghausen, Baron von—Prussian official; Regierungspräsident in Düsseldorf (1848).—75, 76, 187 Spoil (d. 1849)—major in the Hungarian revolutionary army in 1848-49.— 461 Stämpfli, Jakob (1820-1879)—Swiss radical; editor of the Berner-Zeitung'm the 1840s and 1850s; deputy of the Berne canton to the National Council (1848-54); subsequendy President of the Swiss Confederation (1856, 1859 and 1862).—44, 243, 248 Standau, Julius—German teacher; participant in the democratic movement in Germany in the 1830s and 1840s; an organiser of the "Hilf Dir" military association in Biel (Switzerland); after the suppression of the revolution emigrated to the USA.—209 Steck—Swiss politician; Councillor of State in the Neuchâtel canton in 1848.—109

Stedtmann, Karl (1804-1882)—Prussian moderate liberal politician; in 1848 deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Centre), member of the commission for signing an armistice

in Malmö; imperial commissioner in

Schleswig-Holstein (September 1848-March 1849).—88, 504 Stehlin (Stehelin), August (1812-1886)—Swiss colonel; deputy of the Basle canton to the Council of States (1848-49); federal representative in Tessin (1848).—119 Steiger, Jakob Robert (1801-1862) —Swiss liberal politician, deputy of the Lucerne canton to the National Council (1848-49) and President of the National Council (1848).—59, 114, 136, 140, 143, 145, 148, 152, 180, 204 Stein, Julius (1813-1889)—Silesian teacher and journalist; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848-49 and to the Second Chamber (extreme Left wing) in 1849.—168, 334, 390, 391 Stockmar, Xavier (1797-1864)—Swiss radical; deputy of the Jura canton to the National Council in 1848.—44, 249 Stoos, Pal (1806-1862)—Hungarian clergyman of Croatian descent; sympathised with the Croatian national movement.—469 Stratimirovich, Georg (Dzordze) (1822-1908)—leader of the national movement of the Serbs in the Voivodina, moderate liberal; commander of the Serbian units in the Austrian army; took part in the war against revolutionary Hungary (1848-49).—298, 347-48, 352, 361, 375, 409, 441 Streng, Johann Baptist (1808-1883) — Swiss politician; deputy to the National Council in 1848.—57 Struve, Amalie (d. 1862)—participant in the democratic movement in Germany in 1848-49; wife of Gustav Struve.— 70 Struve, Gustav von (1805-1870) — German democrat, journalist; a leader of the republican uprisings in Baden in April and September 1848 and of the Baden-Palatinate uprising in 1849; after the suppression of the revolution emigrated to the USA.—67, 69, 74, 136, 180

21 "

Stuarts—royal dynasty in Scotland (1371-1714) and England (1603-49 and 1660-1714).—263 Stupp, Heinrich Joseph (1793-1870)— Prussian official, clerical; in 1848 deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing).—255, 257, 284 Suleiman II (1642-1691)—Sultan of Turkey (1689-91).—370 Suplikac, Stepân (1786-1848)—Serbian colonel of the Ogulin Border Regiment; subsequently major-general; in October 1848 was elected by the Skupstina voivode (commander-in-chief of the Voivodina's troops).— 348, 469 Sydow, Rudolf von—Prussian diplomat; in 1845-48 Prussian ambassador to Switzerland.—58 Szirmay de Szirma, Istvân, Count (1794-1857)—Hungarian aristocrat.—452

T

Tanner, Karl Rudolf (1794-1849)—Swiss poet and politician, President of the Supreme Court in the Aargau canton; in 1848 deputy of the Aargau canton to the National Council.—57, 144, 148 Taschereau, Jules Antoine (1801-1874) — French journalist; an editor of Le National; in 1833-38 and 1848 publisher of the journal Revue retro-spective; deputy to the Constituent and the Legislative Assembly (Right wing) in 1848-49; subsequently a Bonapartist.—421 Tedesco, Victor André (1821-1897) — Belgian lawyer, socialist; a founder of the Brussels Democratic Association and member of the Communist League; in 1847-48 an as-sociate of Marx and Engels; a defendant at the Risquons-Tout trial.— 530 Temme, Jodocus Donatus Hubertus (1798-1881)—German democrat; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848 and to the Frankfurt

National Assembly in 1849.—197-200 Thielemann, G.—participant in the Baden republican uprising in September 1848.—204 Thiers, Louis Adolphe (1797-1877)—French historian and statesman; Prime Minister (1836, 1840); deputy to the Constituent Assembly (1848) and to the Legislative Assembly (1849-51); hangman of the Paris Commune; President of the Republic (1871-73).—213, 214 Thile, Ludwig Gustav von (1781-1852)—Prussian general and conservative statesman; Finance Minister in 1847.—418, 420 Thun-Hohenstein, Leo, Count (1811-1888)—Austrian statesman of Czech descent; one of the closest counsellors of Francis Joseph I; Minister of Religious Worship and Education (1849-60).—374 Thurn und Taxis, Maximilian Karl von (1802-1871)—German prince; enjoyed hereditary post-office privileges in several German states; owner of the Frankfurter Oberpostamts-Zeitung.—421 Tilly, Johan Tserclaes, Count von (1559-1632)—commander of the Catholic League's army in the Thirty Years' War.—297 Todorovich (Teodorovic), Kusman—Austrian general of Serbian descent; in 1849 took part in the war against revolutionary Hungary.—293, 353, 400, 406, 416, 423 Trog, Johann, von Ölten (1807-1867) — Swiss lawyer; deputy of the Solothurn canton to the National Council (1848-57).—57 Trützschler, Wilhelm Adolf (1818-1849)—German democrat; in 1848-49 deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (extreme Left wing); a leader of the Central March Association; was shot in 1849 as a participant in the Baden-Palatinate uprising.—186 Tschech, Heinrich Ludwig (1789-1844) — Prussian official, democrat;

Burgomaster of Storkow (1832-41); was executed for an attempt on the life of Frederick William IV.—413

U

Unruh, Hans Victor von (1806-1886)—Prussian engineer and politician; in 1848 a leader of the Left Centre in the Prussian National Assembly; President of the Assembly from October 1848; in 1849 deputy to the Second Chamber (Left wing); subsequendy a founder of the Progressist Party.—20, 334 Urban, Karl, Baron von (1802-1877)—Rumanian colonel and then lieutenant-field marshal in the service of the Austrians; Right-wing leader of the Rumanian national movement in Transylvania; fought in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—423, 472, 480

V

Vauthier'Rauchefort— Austrian official ; chief engineer of the Ofen (Pest) Board of Works until 1849; sympathised with the Hungarian revolution of 1848-49.—431

Veillon, François . (1793-1859)—Swiss judiciary official; deputy of the Waadt (Vaud) canton to the National Council (1848-51).—150

Vespasian (Titus Flavius Sabinus Ves-pasianus) (A. D. 9-79)—Roman Emperor (69-79).—224

Vetter, Antal (1803-1882) —Hungarian lieutenant-general; Chief of Staff of the Hungarian revolutionary army (1848-49) and its commander-in-chief (March 1849); after the suppression of the revolution a refugee until 1867.—348 Victoria (1819-1901)—Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901).—385

Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro) (70-19 B. C.)—Roman poet.—31

Vogel, Karl—Austrian lieutenant-field marshal; took part in the suppression of the national liberation movement in North Italy in 1848-49.—405 Vulpius, Christian August (1762-1827)—German writer, author of Rinaldo Rinaldini.—69

W

Wächter, Karl—German democrat; member of the Cologne Committee of Public Safety in September 1848.—499, 500

Waldeck, Benedikt Franz Leo (1802-1870)—German lawyer, radical politician; in 1848 a Left-wing leader and Vice-President of the Prussian National Assembly; subsequently a leader of the Progressist Party.—197, 198, 199, 390 Wasa, Gustav, Prince von (1799-1877)— lieutenant-field marshal, from 1831 to 1856 chief of the 60th Infantry Regiment of the Austrian army.—452 Weder, Johann Baptist von Oberriet (1800-1872)—Swiss lawyer; deputy to the National Council (1848-51 and 1852-72).—57 Weerth, Georg (1822-1856)—German proletarian poet and journalist, member of the Communist League; an editor of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung in 1848-49.—19, 504 Weingart, Johann August (1797-1878)— Swiss radical politician; deputy to the National Council (1848-60); publisher of the Seeländer Anzeiger.—56, 59, 113, 249 Weinhagen, Napoleon—German lawyer from Cleve (Westphalia).—82 Weisshaar, Jacob—German democrat; participant in the republican uprising in Baden in April 1848; a refugee in Switzerland.—63 Welcker, Karl Theodor (1790-1869}— German lawyer and writer, liberal;

in 1848-49 deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre); imperial ambassador to Vienna.—88, 90, 92 Weiden, Franz Ludwig, Baron von (1782-1853)—Austrian general; took part in the campaign against the national liberation movement in Italy in 1848; commandant of Vienna after the suppression of the October 1848 uprising; in April and May 1849 commander-in-chief of the Austrian troops fighting against the Hungarian revolution.—164, 290, 292, 294, 394, 405, 406

Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of (1769-1852)—British general and statesman, Tory; Prime Minister (1828-30) and Foreign Secretary (December 1834-April 1835).—338

Wessenberg-Ampringen, Johann Philipp, Baron von (1773-1858) — Austrian statesman, Prime Minister (July-November 1848).—91, 92, 93

Westermann—member of the Cologne Workers' Association (1848-49).— 513 Weyers, Peter Wilhelm (born c. 1814)—German worker from Düsseldorf; in 1848 was arrested and committed for trial for carrying on revolutionary propaganda.—463, 464, 474

Weyll, Bartholomäus Joseph—German lawyer; in 1848 member of the Democratic Society, the Committee of Public Safety and the People's Committee in Cologne; delegate to the Second Democratic Congress in Berlin (October 1848).—529

Wieser, Kaspar (1794-1870) —major of the Austrian army; fought in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—480 Wildenbruch, Ludwig von (1803-1874) — Prussian diplomat; consul general in Beirut; in 1848 envoy in Copenhagen.— 223

Wilhelm Franz Karl—see Habsburg (-Lothringen), Wilhelm Franz Karl

William I (1772-1843)—King of the Netherlands (1815-40).—263 William I (1797-1888) —Prince of Prussia, King of Prussia (1861-88) and Emperor of Germany (1871-88).— 164 Windischgrätz, Alfred Candidus Ferdinand, Prince (1787-1862) —Austrian field marshal; in 1848 commanded the troops suppressing the uprisings in Prague and in Vienna; in 1848-49 was at the head of the Austrian army fighting against revolutionary Hungary.—51, 90, 92, 93, 96, 103, 164, 225, 236, 247, 256, 270, 291, 292, 294, 300, 302, 347, 351, 373, 374, 377, 398, 399-400, 402, 404, 405, 408, 410-13, 415, 416, 425, 428, 434, 437, 438, 442, 443-44, 451, 480 Wittgenstein, Heinrich von (1800-1868)—Prussian official; in 1848 Regierungspräsident (May-September) and commander of the civic militia in Cologne; from November 1848 deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) and in 1849 to the First Chamber.—45, 255, 284

Wodjaner, Albert—son of Moriz Wodjaner.—478, 479

Wodjaner, Moriz, Baron von Kapriora (1810-1885) —Hungarian banker.— 478, 479

Wähler—deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly in 1848-49.—529 Wolfers, Franz Anton von (b. 1813)—German journalist of Belgian descent, an editor of the Kölnische Zeitung.— 354 Wolff Ferdinand (1812-1895) —German journalist, member of the Communist League (1848-49); an editor of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung (1848-49).—529-30 Wolff, Wilhelm (Lupus) (1809-1864) — German proletarian revolutionary, teacher; leading member of the Communist League; an editor of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung in 1848-49; friend and comrade-in-arms of Marx and Engels.— 81 Wrangel, Friedrich Heinrich Ernst, Count von (1784-1877) — Prussian general, participant in the counter-revolutionary coup d'état in Berlin and the dissolution of the Prussian National Assembly in November 1848.—17, 18, 51, 75, 157, 223, 261, 296, 321, 334, 357, 447

Wrbna-Freudenthal, Ladislaus, Count (1795-1849)—Austrian major-general; took part in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.— 351, 412, 460

Wulff, Julius—German democrat; President of the People's Club in Düsseldorf (1848); took part in the Baden-Palatinate uprising in 1849.— 315 Wysocki, Jôzef (1809-1874)—Polish politician and general, participant in the insurrection of 1830-31; during the 1848-49 revolution in Hungary commander of the Polish legion in the Hungarian revolutionary army; took part in the Polish uprising in 1863-64.—443 Wyss, Franz Salomon (1796-1849) — Austrian major-general; took part in suppressing the October uprising in Vienna (1848) and in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—120, 121, 137

Achilles—hero of Homer's Iliad; in Greek mythology, one of the Greek leaders in the Trojan War.— 394 Ajax—a character in Shakespeare's drama Troilus andCressida.—139,149 Beisele—see Eisele and Beisele Cassandra (Gr. Myth.)—a daughter of Priam (King of Troy), prophetess; a character in Aeschylus' tragedy Agamemnon.—356-58 Don Quixote—title character in Cervantes' novel.— 68

Wyss—architect in Berne, brother of General Franz Wyss.—137

Z

Zayas, Juan Antonio—Spanish ambassador in Switzerland (1848-49).—137 Zeisberg, Karl von (1788-1863)—Austrian major-general, subsequently lieutenant-field marshal; fought in the war against revolutionary Hungary in 1848-49.—466

Ziegler, Paul Karl Eduard (1800-1882)—Swiss politician, participant in the war against the Sonderbund (1847); deputy to the National Council (1848).—60, 61, 149

Zweiffel—Prussian official; Chief Public Prosecutor in Cologne; in 1848 deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing).—30, 46, 48, 49, 81, 82, 304, 307, 311-13, 317, 486, 491, 501, 511, 517, 518

Y

Yelena Pavlovna (Fridericke Charlotte Marie) (1807-1873) —Russian Grand Duchess.—212

Dottore Bartholo—a character in Beaumarchais' comedies Le Barbier de Seville and La folle journée, ou le mariage de Figaro.—148 Eisele and Beisele—main characters in an

anonymously published satirical pamphlet by Johann Wilhelm Christern, Doctor Eisele's und Baron von Beisele's Landtagsreise im April 1847.— 89 Figaro—main character in Beaumarchais' comedy La folle journée, ou le mariage de Figaro.—262

INDEX OF LITERARY AND MYTHOLOGICAL NAMES George Dandin—title character of a comedy by Molière.— 356

Heracles (Hercules) (Class. Myth.)—hero possessing enormous strength and courage.—224

Jehovah (Bib.).—130

Jourdain—main character in Molière's comedy Le bourgeois gentilhomme.— 164

Jupiter (Rom. Myth.) — supreme god.— 147

King Lear—title character of a tragedy by Shakespeare.—83

Mephistopheles—one of the names of Satan; a character in Goethe's tragedy Faust and one of the main characters in Levin Schücking's Politische Gespräche.— 354

Moor, Karl, the first—main character, model of the noble knight, in Schiller's drama Die Räuber.—69

Rinaldo Rinaldini—title character in a chivalrous romance by Christian August Vulpius.—69

Sancho Panza—a character in Cervantes' Don Quixote.—68

Sophia—heroine in Johann Timotheus Hermes' novel Sophiens Reise von Memel nach Sachsen.—67 Tell, William—hero in a folk tale about the liberation war of Switzerland against Habsburgs at the end of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th century; title character in a drama by Schiller.—12

Wagner—a character in Goethe's tragedy Faust and in Levin Schücking's Politische Gespräche.— 354