Name Index
A
Abegg, Bruno Eberhard (1803-1848) — Prussian official; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Centre) in 1848.—243
Abramowicz, Ignacy (1793-1867) — Polish officer, Chief of Police in Warsaw from 1844.—309
Adam—French worker, Blanquist; in 1848 Vice-President of the Club de la Fiaternité in Paris; after the June uprising emigrated to Belgium and then to London; in 1850 signed an agreement of the Blanquists with the Communist League.— 459
Alcibiades (c. 450-c. 404 B. C.)—Athe-nian politician and general.—512
Alinari, L.— Italian democrat, member of the editorial board of the newspaper I : Alba.— 167
Amnion von—Prussian official; Public Prosecutor at Düsseldorf ( 1848).— 488
Anneke, Friedrich (1818-1872) — Prussian artillery officer, discharged from the army for his political views; member of the Communist League, one of the founders of the Cologne Workers' Association (1848), editor of the Neue Kölnische Zeitung, member of the Rhenish District Committee of Democrats.—176-78, 186, 326, 554, 555, 566, 582
Anneke, Mathilde Franziska (1817-
1884) — German writer, contributed to democratic journals in 1848 and 1849; wife of Friedrich Anneke.— 177, 178, 566
Appius Claudius Caesus (died c. 448 B. C.) — Roman consul and censor.—304 Archimedes (c. 287-212 B.C.) —Greek mathematician and engineer.— 293
Ariosto, Lodovico (1474-1533) — Italian poet of the Renaissance, author of "L'Orlando furioso".— 359, 364
Aristotle (384-322 B. C.) —Greek philosopher.— 264
Arndt, Ernst Moritz (1769-1860) — German writer, historian and philolo-gist; took part in the liberation struggle against Napoleon's rule; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre) in 1848.—371
Arnim-Boytzenburg, Adolf Heinrich, Count von ( 1803-1868) — Prussian statesman, junker, Minister of the Interior (1842-45) and Prime Minister (March 19-29, 1848).—208
Arnim-Suckow, Heinrich Alexander, Baron von ( 1798-1861 ) — Prussian statesman, moderate liberal, Minister of Foreign Affairs from March 21 until June 19, 1848.—54, 56, 74
Arntz, Aegidius Rudolph Nicolaus (1812-1884) — German lawver and journalist; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848.—207
Aschoff von— Prussian general, commandant of Berlin; during April and May 1848 commanded the Berlin civic militia.— 46,47
d'Aspre, Constantin, Baron (1789-1850) — Austrian general, took part in suppressing the 1848-49 revolution in Italy.—386
Attila (d. 453) —King of the Huns (433-53).—387
Auersperg, Karl, Count von (1783-1859) —Austrian field marshal, commander of the troops in Lower Austria during the revolution of 1848-49; took part in suppressing the Vienna uprising in October 1848.—491, 503
Aucrswald, Alfred von (1797-1870) — Prussian Minister of the Interior (March-June 1848).—19
Auerswald, Rudolf von (1795-1866) —Prussian statesman, liberal aristo-crat, Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs (June to September 1848).—38, 96, 106, 170, 172, 174, 183-85, 191, 194, 210, 217, 229, 240, 267, 269, 303, 417, 430, 435, 583
Augusta, Marie Luise Katharina (1811-1890) —wife of William, Prince of Prussia.— 106
B
Bakunin, Mikhail (1814-1876) — Russian revolutionary and writer, an ideologist of the Narodnik trend and of anarchism.— 315
Ballin, Felix (born c. 1802) — Belgian democrat, member of the Democratic Association in Brussels, one of the defendants at the Risquons-Tout trial.—405,406
Baltzer, Wilhelm Eduard (1814-1887) — German preacher; deputy to the Prussian National Assemblv (Left wing) in 1848.—243
Barbarossa—see Frederick I("Barbarossa"
or "Redbeard")
Barbes, Armand (1809-1870)—French revolutionary, a leader of secret societies during the July monarchy; deputy to the Constituent Assembly in 1848; sentenced to life imprisonment for his participation in the popular insurrection of May 15, 1848, and pardoned in 1854; emigrated to Belgium.—155
Barrot, Camille Hyacinthe Odilon (1791-1873) — French politician, leader of the liberal dynastic opposition until February 1848; from December 1848 to October 1849 headed the Ministry, which relied on a monarchist coalition.— 440
Bassermann, Friedrich Daniel (1811-1855) — German politician, represented the Baden Government in the Federal Diet during the 1848-49 revolution; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre).— 17, 237, 313, 464, 489 '
Bastide, Jules (1800-1879) —French politician and journalist, an editor of the newspaper Le National (1836-46); moderate republican, Minister of Foreign Affairs from May until December 1848.—135, 377, 480, 481
Baudin, Charles (1784-1854) —French admiral.— 25
Bauer (died c. 1850) — Prussian official in Krotoschin (Posen); deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848.— 196, 197
Bauer, Heinrich (b. 1813) — prominent figure in the German and international working-class movement, a leader of the League of the Just, member of the Central Authority of the Communist League; shoemaker.— 7, 9, 533 Bauerband, Johann Joseph (1800-1878) — German lawyer; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.— 207, 302
Baumstark, Eduard (1807-1889) —German professor; deputy to the
23-3447 Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.— 198, 219, 242-46, 250. 302, 303, 336
Bavay, Charles Victor de (1801-1875) —Belgian officer of justice; Public Prosecutor-General at the Brussels Court of Appeal from 1844.—188, 405, 459
Bayard, Pierre Terrail, Seigneur de (c. 1475-1524)—French warrior called by his contemporaries the "chevalier sans peur et sans reproche".— 184, 368
Beaumarchais, Pierre Augustin Caron de
(1732-1799)—French dramatist.—264
Becker, Félix—French poet and revolutionary, took part in the Polish uprising of 1830-31; an organiser of the Belgian Legion formed in Paris in February and March 1848.— 406
Becker, Hermann Heinrich (1820-1885) — German lawyer and journalist, a leader of the Cologne Association for Workers and Employers, member of the Rhenish District Committee of Democrats, editor of the Westdeutsche Zeitung (horn May 1849 to July 1850); member of the Communist League from 1850.—452, 463, 558, 582, 585, 587
Becker, Nikolaus (1809-1845) —German poet.— 154
Beckerath, Hermann von (1801-1870) — German banker, moderate liberal; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre) in 1848; Minister of Finance in the Imperial Government (August and September 1848).—427, 430,433, 583
Bedeau, Marie Alphonse (1804-1863) —French general and politician, moderate republican in 1848.— 137
Behnsch—deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.— 183, 191,219,228,230
Berends, Julius (b. 1817) — owner of a printing-press at Berlin; deputy to the
Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—72, 75, 77, 78, 79, 82-84, 100, 173, 230
Berg, Philipp Karl Peter von (1815-1866) — Prussian Catholic priest; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848.— 189, 195, 238-41,419
Berly, Karl Peter (1781-1847) — German journalist, editor of the Frankfurter Oberpostamts-Zeitung (1829-47), secret agent of the French Government during the July monarchy.— 471
Bernigau (d. 1849) — Cologne democrat, member of the Committee of Public Safety in Cologne.— 585
Beseler, Wilhelm Hartwig (1806-1884) — Schleswig-Holstein politician, in 1848 head of the Provisional Government of Schleswig-Holstein, deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre).—269
Besser—Prussian official, liberal; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848.—227-28
Beurmann, Karl Moritz von (1802-1870) — Prussian official, Oberpräsident of Posen (1848).— 104, 357
Beust— Baroness.— 569
Beust, Friedrich von (1817-1899) — Prussian officer, member of the Committee of the Cologne Workers' Association (1848); an editor of the
Neue Kölnische Zeitung (September 1848-February 1849); delegate to the Second Democratic Congress in Berlin (October 1848); in 1849 took part in the Baden-Palatinate uprising.—597
Biedermann, Friedrich Karl (1812-1901) — German historian and liberal journalist; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Centre) in 1848.—237, 313
Birk, Johann—Prussian official, acting Regierungspräsident of Cologne from September 1848.—497 Bixio, Jacques Alexandre (1808-1865) —French journalist, moderate republican, an editor of the newspaper Le National, Vice-President of the Constituent Assembly (1848), deputy to the Legislative Assembly (1849).— 137
Blanc, Jean Joseph Louis 0811-1882) — French petty-bourgeois socialist, historian; in 1848 pursued a policy of conciliation with the bourgeoisie.— 298, 512
Blank, Joseph Bonavita (1740-1827) — German Catholic priest, professor of natural sciences at Würzburg University.—337
Blanqui, Louis Auguste (1805-1881) — French revolutionary, Utopian communist, organised several secret societies and plots; during the 1848 revolution adhered to the extreme Left of the democratic and proletarian movement.— 155
Blesson, Johann Ludwig Urbain (1790-1861) — German military writer, commander of the Berlin civic militia in June 1848.—47
Bloem, Anton (1814-1885) —German lawyer; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing, later Left Centre) in 1848.-58,201
Blum (Junior) — secretary of the Cologne Workers' Association (from September 11, 1848).—426, 579
Blum, Robert (1807-1848) —German democrat, journalist, leader of the Left in the Frankfurt National Assembly; took part in the defence of Vienna in October 1848; court-martialled and executed.—19, 359, 366
Bodelschwingh, Ernst, Baron von (1794-1854) — Prussian conservative statesman, Minister of Finance from 1842, Minister of the Interior ( 1845 to March 1848).—36, 80, 229, 250, 274, 276, 317, 318
Böker—member of the Cologne Town Council.—500
23*
Borchardt, Friedrich—German democrat, lawyer from Cologne; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—302, 303, 462
Bornemann, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig ( 1798-1864) — Prussian lawyer, liberal, Minister of Justice (March-June 1848); deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.— 106, 111
Bornstedt, Adalbert von (1808-1851) — German journalist, founded and edited the Deutsche-Brüsseler-Zeitung (1847-48); a leader of the German Democratic Society in Paris; member of the Communist League until he was expelled in March 1848; a secret agent of the Prussian police during the 1840s.—9, 10
Borries, l'on — Prussian official; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—217, 226 Bourbons—French royal dynasty (1589-1792, 1814-15 and 1815-30).—24, 40, 96, 429, 520
Bourbons—royal dynasty in Naples (1735-1806 and 1814-60).—23-26
Boyen, Leopold Hermann Ludwig von (1771-1848) —Prussian general, organiser of an army reserve during the war against Napoleon, Minister of War (1814-19, 1841-47).—36, 228, 229
Bréa, Jean Baptiste Fidèle (1790-1848) — French general, took part in suppressing the June uprising of 1848, shot down by the insurgents.— 137
Bredt—Prussian official; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing, later Right Centre) in 1848.—304
Brehmer—German teacher; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—78
Brentano, Lorenz Peter (1813-1891) — Baden democrat, lawyer; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848; headed the Baden Provisional Government in 1849.— 368 Bright, John (1811-1889) —English manufacturer, a leader of the free traders and founder of the Anti-Corn Law League.—151
Brill—German democrat; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.— 190, 191, 303
Brisbane, Albert (the Neue Rheinische Zeitung gives his name as Henry) ( 1809-1890) — American journalist, follower of Fourier.— 587
Brodowski, Alexander von (1794-1865) — Polish landowner; in 1848 member of the Posen National Committee and deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing).— 273
Brüggemann, Karl Heinrich (1810-1887) — German journalist, moderate liberal; editor-in-chief of the Kölnische Zeitung ( 1845-55).— 150, 152-53, 156, 242, 396, 464, 497
Brunswick, Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of (1735-1806) — German general; in 1792-94 was in command of the Austro-Prussian armies fighting against France.—165
Brutus, Marcus Junius (c. 85-42 B.C.) — Roman politician, republican, an initiator of the conspiracy against Julius Caesar.—234, 489
Bucher, Lothar (1817-1892) —Prussian official, journalist; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848.-274,276
Bückler, Johann (c. 1780-1803) —German robber whose nickname was Jack the Skinner (Schinderhannes).— 498
Bugeaud de la Piconnerie, Thomas Robert (1784-1849)—French marshal, member of the Chamber of Deputies during the July monarchy, Orleanist; deputy to the Legislative Assembly (1848-49).—154
Buquoy (Buquoi), Jifi Frantisek August de
Longueval (1781-1851) — Czech count of French descent; in 1848 represented the liberal wing of the national move-
ment; arrested after the June uprising in Prague.— 214
Bürger, Gottfried August (1747-1794) — German poet.— 45
Bürgers, Heinrich ( 1820-1878) — German radical journalist, contributed to the
Rheinische Zeitung (1842-43); member of the Cologne Community of the Communist League (1848); an editor of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung.—15, 452, 541, 542, 563, 582, 593
Bussmann—landowner from Posen; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—197
C
Cabet, Etienne (1788-1856) — French writer, advocate of Utopian communism, author of Voyage en Icarie.— 8, 298
Camphausen, Ludolf (1803-1890) — German banker, a leader of the liberal bourgeoisie in the Rhineland; Prussian Prime Minister (March to June 1848), Prussian envoy at the Central Authority (July 1848-April 1849).—30-33, 36-40, 43-45, 57-63, 66, 67, 72, 73, 74, 78, 79, 80, 83,89,96, 97, 104-08, 111, 115, 117, 122, 170, 174, 194, 200, 202, 206, 232, 238, 400, 408, 413. 414, 419, 424, 428, 429, 431, 466
Campobasso— police official in Naples before the 1848 revolution.— 24 Carlos, Don (Carlos Maria Isidro) (1788-1855) — pretender to the Spanish throne, supported by the feudal aristocracy and the clericals who unleashed a civil war in Spain (1833-40).—165, 311, 370 Carnot, Lazare Hippolyte (1801-1888,— French journalist and politician, moderate republican; Minister of Education in the Provisional Government, deputy to the Constituent Assembly (1848).—168
Catiline (Lucius Sergius Catilina) (c. 108-62 B. C.) — Roman politician, patri-cian, organiser of the conspiracy against the aristocratic republic.— 234
Cato, Marcus Porcius (the Elder) (234-149 B. C.) — Roman statesman and writer, upheld aristocratic privileges * censor in 184 B.C.— 246, 304
Caussidière, Marc (1808-1861) — French democrat, took part in the Lyons uprising of 1834; Prefect of Police in Paris after the February 1848 revolution, deputy to the Constituent Assembly; emigrated to England in June 1848.-169,298,518
Cavaignac, Louis Eugène (1802-1857) — French general and politician, moderate republican, took part in con-quering Algiers; following the February 1848 revolution became governor of Algiers; War Minister of France from May 1848; played a leading part in suppressing the June uprising, head of executive power (June-December 1848).— 128, 132-36, 139-41, 147, 152-55, 160-63, 170, 171, 377, 379, 402, 440. 445, 457, 459, 462, 478, 481, 513, 515
Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de (1547-1616) —Spanish author.—282, 286, 360, 365, 380, 448, 467
Cham (Amédée de Noé) (1819-1879) — French cartoonist, contributed to the satirical journal Le Charivari.— 58
Chambord, Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonne, Comte de (1820-1883) — representative of the elder Bourbon line, pretender to the French throne under the name of Henry V.— 155
Charles II (Charles Louis de Bourbon) (1799-1883) —Duke of Lucca (1815-47), Duke of Parma from 1847, abdicated in 1849.—24
Charles X (1757-1836) —King of France (1824-30).—153 Charles Albert (Carlo Alberto) (1798-1849) —King of Sardinia (1831-49).—41, 305, 306, 385-89, 395, 396
Chazal, Pierre Emanuel Félix, Baron ( 1808-1892) — Belgian general, took part in
the 1830 revolution; War Minister (1847-50, 1859-66); originally a cloth merchant in Brussels.— 336
Chezy, Helmina (Helmine) von (1783-1856) — German romantic au-thoress.— 516
Christian Karl Friedrich August (1798-1869) —Duke of Schleswig-Holstein.— 255
Cieszkowski, August (1814-1894) — Polish philosopher and economist; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.-198,219
Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius (5th cent. B.C.) — Roman politician and general, patrician, model of virtue and simplicity.—234
Clemens, Friedrich Jacob (1815-1862) — German philosopher and theologian; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly in 1848.—367
Clouth, Wilhelm—owner of the Cologne printshop in which the Neue Rheinische Zeitungwas printed from June 1 to August 27, 1848.-208,541,553
Cluss, Adolf (d. after 1889) — German engineer, member of the Communist League; secretary of the Workers' Educational Association in Mainz (1848); in 1849 emigrated to the United States where he stood as a disciple and follower of Marx and Engels.— 535
Cobden, Richard (1804-1865) —English manufacturer, a leader of the free traders and founder of the Anti-Corn Law League.—151, 238, 299
Coburg—descendants of the Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha dynasty, occupied thrones in Belgium, Portugal and other European countries.— 166
Cockerill, John (1790-1840) —English manufacturer.— 340
Colomb, Friedrich August von (1775-1854) — Prussian general who commanded the Prussian Army Corps in Posen (1843-48).—92, 104, 210, 313. 491 Congreve, Sir William (1772-1828) —English officer and military inven-tor.—134
Corday d'Armont, Marie Anne Charlotte (1768-1793) — participant in a counter-revolutionary conspiracy during the French Revolution, assassin of Marat, executed on the decision of the Revolutionary Tribunal.—154
Gripps.— 278
Cromwell, Oliver (1599-1658) — a leader of the English revolution; became Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1653.—80, 237, 439
Crüger, Friedrich—member of the Communist League, took part in the activity of the Workers' Brotherhood founded by Stephan Born.— 534
D
Dahlmann, Friedrich Christoph (1785-1860) — German liberal historian and politician; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre) in 1848.-237,414
Damesa, Steriol— merchant.— 569
Damesme, Edouard Adolphe Marie (1807-1848) — French general, commanded the mobile guard during the suppression of the June 1848 uprising.— 136, 137, 160
Dane—deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—330
Daniels, Roland (1819-1855) — German physician, member of the Cologne Community of the Communist League, friend of Marx and Engels.— 541
Danton, Georges Jacques (1759-1794) — prominent figure in the French Revolution; leader of the Right wing of the Jacobins.— 237
Davenant, Charles ( 1656-1714) — English economist and statistician, mercan-tilist.— 477
Deckker, C.— grocer, member of the Cologne civic militia.— 574
Del Carretto, Francesco Saverio (c. 1777-1861) — Italian politician, Minister of the Police in the Neapolitan Kingdom (1831-January 1848).—24 Delescluze, Louis Charles (1809-1871) — French revolutionary; Government Commissioner of the Department du Nord (1848); member of the Paris Commune (1871).—404 Delolme, Jean Louis (1741-1806) — Swiss statesman and lawyer, advocate of constitutional monarchy.— 430 Denjoy, Jean François Polinis (1809-1860) — French politician, monarchist; deputy to the Constituent Assembly (1848-49); later deputy to the Legislative Assembly.— 525
Dierschke—Prussian judicial official; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—82, 181, 182, 327, 328, 330, 331 Doblhoff, Anton, Baron von (1800-1872) — Austrian statesman, moderate liberal; Minister of Trade (May 1848) and Minister of the Interior (from July to October 1848).—570
Dolleschall—police official at Cologne.—393
Dombasle, Christophe Joseph Alexandre
Matthieu de (1777-1843) —French agronomist.— 469
Domes, Auguste (1799-1848) — French journalist and politician, moderate republican; deputy to the Constituent Assembly (1848).—137
Dronke, Ernst (1822-1891) —German writer, at first "true socialist", later member of the Communist League and an editor of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung.— 15, 459, 560, 566, 580, 582, 586, 594
Duchâtel, Charles Marie Tanneguy, Comte
(1803-1867) —French statesman, Orleanist; Minister of the Interior (1839 and 1840-February 1848).—38, 60, 111, 122, 199, 220, 221, 250, 419 Ducoux, François Joseph (1808-1873) — French physician and politician, moderate republican; deputy to the Constituent Assembly (1848); after the June uprising became Prefect of Police in Paris.— 148
Duesberg, Franz von (1793-1872) — Prussian Minister of Finance (1846-March 1848).—36
Dufaure, Jules Armand Stanislas (1798-1881) — French lawyer, Orleanist; deputy to the Constituent Assembly (1848), Minister of the Interior (October-December 1848) in the Cavaignac Government.—168
Dumont, Joseph (1811-1861) — German journalist, moderate liberal; in 1831 became owner of the Kölnische Zeitung.—150, 152-54, 156, 395, 462, 497, 501
Duncker—Prussian official; in 1848 a leader of the Left Centre in the Prussian National Assembly.— 37, 58, 241, 242, 419
Duvernoy, Heinrich Gustav (1802-1890) —Württemberg statesman, Minister of the Interior (1848-49) in the liberal Government.—249
Duvivier, Franciade Fleurus (1794-1848) — French general, took part in suppressing the June 1848 insurrection.—136, 137, 142, 162
E
Eisenmann, Gottfried (1795-1867) — German journalist, physician; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Centre, later Left wing) in 1848.— 237
Eisner, Karl Friedrich Moritz (1809-1894) — Silesian radical journalist; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—82, 85, 100, 182
Engels, Frederick (1820-1895).—7, 15, 511-18, 522, 524-29, 560, 563, 567, 575, 582, 586, 593, 594
Engels, W.— tailor, member of the Cologne civic militia.— 574
Esselen, Christian (1823-1859) — German writer, democrat; in 1848 a leader of the Workers' Association in Frankfurt, editor of the Allgemeine Arbeiter-Zeitung.— 18
Esser, Christian Joseph (born c. 1809) — German worker, member of the Cologne Workers' Association; in 1849 editor of its newspaper Freiheit, Brüderlichkeit, Arbeit.— 178, 587
Esser I, Johann Heinrich Theodor—Prussian official, lawyer, clerical; Vice-President of the Prussian National Assembly (Centre) in 1848.—57, 85, 173, 185
d'Ester, Karl Ludwig Johann (1813-1859) — German socialist and democrat, physician; member of the Cologne community of the Communist League; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848; in October 1848 became a member of the Central Committee of Democrats.—86, 173-75, 182-84, 216, 462
F
Fay, Gerhard (1809-1889) —German lawyer, liberal.— 87
Feldhaus—German teacher; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—229
Ferdinand I (1793-1875) —Emperor of Austria (1835-48).—456, 499, 570
Ferdinand II (1810-1859) —King of Sicily and Naples (1830-59).—24-26, 143, 385-86, 471, 483
Fernbach— German democratic student.—176
Feuerstein, Anton—merchant.— 569
Fickler, Joseph (1808-1865) —German democratic journalist, a leader of the Baden democratic movement in 1848-49.-239, 288 Fischer, J. A.— cap-maker, member of the Cologne civic militia.— 574 Flottwell, Eduard Heinrich von (1786-1865) — Prussian statesman, Minister of Finance (1844-46), Oberpräsident of Posen and later of Westphalia; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—356, 357, 368 Forstmann—German merchant; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—195, 223, 225 Fould, Achille (1800-1867) —French banker and politician, Orleanist, subsequently Bonapartist; Minister of Finance several times in the period between 1849 and 1867.—125 Fouquier-Tinville, Antoine Quentin (1746-1795) — leading figure in the French Revolution; Public Prosecutor of the Revolutionary Tribunal (1793).— 405 Fox, Charles James ( 1749-1806) — English statesman, leader of the Whig Party.—102
Francis V (1819-1875) —Duke of Modena (1846-59).—387
Frederick I ("Barbarossa" or 'l Redbeard') (c. 1123-1190) —German King from 1152, Holy Roman Emperor (1155-90); waged several campaigns against Italy.—395, 396
Frederick II (the Creat) (1712-1786) —King of Prussia (1740-86).—242, 340, 341
Frederick VII (Frederik Carl Christian VII) (1808-1863) —King of Denmark (1848-63).—255, 268, 422-24, 434, 435
Frederick William (1620-1688) —Elector of Brandenburg (1640-88).—244, 245, 435
Frederick William II (1744-1797) — King of Prussia (1786-97).—348, 349
Frederick William III (1770-1840) — King of Prussia (1797-1840).—338, 343, 355, 411, 449
Frederick William IV ( 1795-1861) — King of Prussia (1840-61).—20, 54, 62, 63,
73, 77, 106, 194, 255, 273, 275, 287, 311, 390, 391, 420, 430, 474, 476, 564, 583 Freiligrath, Ferdinand (1810-1876) — German poet; member of the Communist League; one of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung editors in 1848-49.— 395-97, 456 Frencken—Prussian official; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—207 Friedrich Christian August (1829-1880) —Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (Prince from 1863); officer of the General Staff of the Schleswig-Holstein army (1848).—192, 255
Fröbel, Julius (1805-1893) —German radical writer and publisher; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—570
Fuad Pasha Mehemmed (1814-1869) — Turkish statesman, government commissioner in the Danube principalities (1848); took a leading part in suppressing the national liberation movement; in later years Minister of Foreign Affairs and Grand Vizier.— 473, 485
Funk—German democrat, member of the Democratic Society of Cologne (1848).—176, 585
G
Gagern, Heinrich Wilhelm August, Baron von (1799-1880) — German politician, deputy to and President of the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre), President of the Imperial Ministry (December 1848-March 1849).—232, 358, 368, 394, 424, 439, 440, 448, 473 Gagern, Maximilian Ludwig, Baron von (1810-1889)—German official; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly in 1848; brother of Heinrich Gagern.— 413 Ganneron, Auguste Victor Hippolyte (\792-
1847) — F^nch industrialist, banker and politician.—125 Geier—Burgomaster of Wesseling.— 426, 579 l
Geiger, Wilhelm Arnold— Prussian police official, examining magistrate (1848) and then Police Superintendent of Cologne.—178, 384, 390, 391, 393, 394, 408, 409, 561, 594
Gervinus, Georg Gottfried (1805-1871) — German historian, liberal; editor of the Deutsche Zeitung (1847 to October 1848); deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre) in 1848.—29, 154
Ghika, Basil.— 569
Gierke—Prussian official; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848; Minister of Agriculture in the Auerswald-Hansemann Government (June-September 1848). —291-95, 328, 331 Girardin, Emile de (1806-1881) — French journalist and politician; between 1830s and 1860s was editor of the* newspaper La Presse several times; often changed his political views.— 153
Gladbach, Anton (d. 1873) — German democrat; in 1848 deputy to the Prussian National Assembly from Mülheim in the Rhine Province (Left wing); President of the Democratic Club in Berlin.—180, 181, 191-93, 195, 230, 304, 563
Gneisenau, August Wilhelm Anton, Count Neithdrdt von (1760-1831) — Prussian field marshal, an organiser of the liberation struggle against Napoleon's rule; took part in drawing up and carrying out Prussian army reforms.—228
Goeden, Adolf—German physician in Posen; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—354, 355, 358, 359, 367, 369
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832) —German poet.— 116, 484, 528
Göschen—Chairman of the German League in Leipzig (1848).— 214
Gottschalk, Andreas (1815-1849) — German physician, member of the Cologne community of the Communist League; President of the Cologne Workers' Association (April-June 1848); exponent of the "Left" sectarian tendencies in the German working-class movement.— 176, 177, 186, 325, 326, 542, 582, 595
Grabow, Wilhelm (1802-1874) —Chief Burgomaster of Prenzlau, moderate liberal; President of the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—180-83. 185, 190-92, 193, 197, 198, 230. 273. 304, 419
Graff Joseph—Prussian judicial official; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—95, 243, 302 Grebel—Prussian official, justice of the peace; deputv to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—217-19, 221, 229
Greven, Fried.— butcher, member of the Cologne civic militia.— 574
Griesheim, Karl Gustav von (1798-1854) — Prussian military official; representative of the Ministry of War in the Prussian National Assembly (1848).—97-99, 192
Grimm, Jacob Ludwig Carl (1785-1863) — German philologist, professor of Berlin University, liberal; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Centre) in 1848.—336
Grolmann, Karl Wilhelm Georg von (Mil-1843) — Prussian general, took part in the liberation struggle against Napoleon's rule; in 1806 participated in drawing up and carrying out Prussian army reforms.— 228
Guizot, François Pierre Guillaume (1787-1874) — French historian and conservative statesman who actually directed France's home and foreign policy from 1840 until the February revolution of 1848.—38, 68, 111, 122, 147, 188, 206, 472, 480, 481, 518 H
Hansemann, David Justus (1790-1864) — German capitalist, a leader of the Rhenish liberal bourgeoisie; Prussian Minister of Finance from March to September 1848.—36-38, 54, 55, 59, 60,67,73,83, 106, 111, 112, 115, 122, 170-75, 179, 182, 190, 194, 195, 199, 200, 202, 208, 210, 216-21, 226, 229, 230, 239, 250-52, 262, 268, 276, 278-84, 286, 290, 291, 295, 313, 317, 336, 350, 382, 384,400,416,419,425,427, 429, 448, 463, 466, 476, 583
Harney, George Julian (1817-1897)— prominent figure in the English labour movement, a Chartist leader (Left wing); editor of The Northern Star.—8, 129
Harpprecht, Heinrich von (1802-1859) — lawyer, President of the Supreme Court of Württemberg.— 249
Hebert, Michel Pierre Alexis (1799-1887) — French lawyer and statesman, Orleanist; Chief Public Prosecutor (from 1841), Minister of Justice (1847-February 1848).—187, 459
Hecker—Prussian judicial official, Public Prosecutor at Cologne (1848).—178, 186, 187, 208, 239, 314, 450, 451, 484-88, 513, 554, 593
Hecker, Friedrich Karl Franz (1811-1881) — German democrat, a leader of the Baden republican uprising in April 1848; emigrated to the USA.—485-89
Heckscher, Johann Gustav Wilhelm Moritz
(1797-1865) — German lawyer, Imperial Minister of Justice (July-August 1848) and Minister of Foreign Affairs (August-September 1848); deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre).—413, 414
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770-1831) — German philosopher.— 156, 364, 486
Heimsoeth, Heinrich—Prussian official; lawyer at the Court of Appeal in Cologne (1848).—489
Heine, Heinrich (1797-1856) — German revolutionary poet.— 50, 112, 172, 189, 190, 205, 222, 248, 261, 284, 290, 304, 397, 457, 480
Heinrich LXXH ( 1797-185 3) — Prince of Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf, a tiny German principality (1822-48).—234
Henry V—see Chamhord, Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonne, Comte de
Hergenhahn, August (1804-1874) — German liberal politician; in 1848-49 Prime Minister of Nassau; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre).—19
Herwegh, Georg Friedrich (1817-1875) — German democratic poet, a leader of the German Democratic Society in Paris.—9, 10, 488
Heyne— Burgomaster of Bromberg (Posen); deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848.—198
Hildenhagen, Louis—German clergyman; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848.—303
Hirschfeld, Alexander Adolf von (1787-1858) — Prussian general; took part in suppressing the insurrection in Posen (1848).—210, 313
Hofer—German peasant; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—81
Hohenzollerns—dynasty of Brandenburg electors (1415-1701), Prussian kings (1701-1918) and German emperors (1871-1918).—67
Holberg, Ludvig, Baron (1684-1754) — Danish writer, historian and philosopher.—422
Homer—semi-legendary epic poet of Ancient Greece, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey.— 66
Hüffer, Johann Hermann (1784-1855)—Chief Burgomaster of Mün-ster, moderate liberal; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—173-75 Hünermund, Eduard— Police Inspector in Cologne.— 538
Hüser, Johann Hans Gustav Heinrich von
(1782-1857) — Prussian general; commandant of Mainz (1844-49).— 17, 19, 20, 92, 133
I
Imandt, Peter—German teacher, democrat; took part in the 1848-49 revolution; in later years a political émigré; member of the Communist League, follower of Marx and Engels.— 587
Itzenplitz — a family of Prussian counts.— 56
J
Jacoby, Johann (1805-1877) — German radical writer and politician; a leader of the Left wing in the Prussian National Assembly (1848); in the 1870s was close to the Social-Democratic Party.—82, 232, 233, 235, 236, 238, 239, 240-41, 242-43, 273
Janiszewski, Jan Chryzostom (1818-1891) — Polish theologian and politician; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly in 1848.—365, 366, 368, 369
Jansen, Johann Joseph (1825-1849) — German democrat, member of the Communist League; a leader of the Workers* Association in Cologne (1848), follower of Gottschalk; shot for his participation in the Baden-Palatinate insurrection of 1849.— 178
Jellachich (Jellacic), Josef, Count (1801-1859)—Austrian general, Ban of Croatia; took part in suppressing the revolution of 1848-49 in Hungary and Austria.—458, 473, 477, 491, 499, 503
Jentzsch—deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Centre) in 1848.—276
John (Johann) (1782-1859) —Archduke of Austria. Imperial Regent from June
1848 until December 1849.—229, 232, 240, 253, 287, 411, 413, 577
Jonas, Ludwig (1797-1859) — German theologian, clergyman in Berlin; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—85
Jones, Ernest Charles (1819-1869) — prominent figure in the English labour movement, proletarian poet and journalist, a Chartist leader (Left wing); friend of Marx and Engels.— 8, H 4, 129
Jordan, Wilhelm (1819-1904) —German writer; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly in 1848; at first belonged to the Left wing, but after debates on Poland, joined the Centre.—351, 359-64, 366, 367, 378, 395
Jottrand, Lucien Leopold (1804-1877) — Belgian lawyer and writer, democrat; President of the Democratic Association in Brussels (1847).— 405
Jung, Georg Gottlob (1814-1886) — German writer, Young Hegelian, a manager of the Rheinische Zeitung, deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.— 53, 59, 84, 100, 185
K
Kaiser— major-general.— 459
Kalker, Johann Wilhelm—secretary of the Workers' Association in Cologne in 1848.—178, 579
Kämpf—German teacher; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848.—243
Kamptz, Karl Christoph Albert Heinrich
von (1769-1849) — Prussian conservative statesman; Minister of Justice (1832-42).—208
Kanitz, August Wilhelm Karl, Count von (1783-1852)—Prussian general; Minister of War (May and June 1848) in the Camphausen Government.— 64, 74, 96
Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804) — German philosopher.— 486 Kaunitz-Rietburg, Wenzel Anton, Prince von (1711-1794) — Austrian statesman and diplomat, a supporter of an "enlightened" form of absolutism; took part in the first partition of Poland (1772); a bitter enemy of the French Revolution.— 92
Kayser, C.— merchant, member of the Cologne civic militia.— 574
Kayser, R.— merchant, member of the Cologne civic militia.— 574
Kersausie, Joachim René Théophile Gaillard de (1798-1874) —French revolutionary, took part in the July revolution of 1830; headed the Committee of Action of the Society of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1848); author of a military plan implemented by the participants in the June uprising in Paris; later joined the Garibaldi movement.—157, 158, 164
Kerst, Samuel Gottfried (1804-1875) — deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Centre) in 1848.—364, 366-69
Kohlparzer, Franz Xaver—deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre) in 1848.—110
Korff, Hermann— Prussian officer, democrat; in 1847 was discharged from the army on account of his political views; responsible publisher of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung (1848-49); subsequently emigrated to the USA.—486, 543, 554, 555, 560, 566, 576, 592
Korn—German democrat; took part in the revolutionary movement in Berlin (1848).—97
Kosch, Raffael Jakob (1803-1872) — German physician, moderate liberal; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848.— 419
Kotzebue, August Friedrich Ferdinand von (1761-1819) — German writer and journalist, extreme monarchist.— 153
Krause—deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Centre) in 1848.—217
Krogh, Gerhard Christopher ( 1785-1860) — Danish general, commander-in-chief of the Danish army (from July 1848 until April 1849, and in 1850) during the Schleswig-Holstein war.— 434
Kühlwetter, Friedrich ChristTan Hubert von (1809-1882) — Prussian statesman; Minister of the Interior in the Auerswald-Hansemann Government (June to September 1848).—174, 181, 182, 185, 192, 193, 199, 202-07, 229, 230, 262, 275-76, 407, 581, 595
Kusa, Alex.— 569
Kyll, Ulrich Franz—German lawyer, democrat; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—462
L
Ladenberg, Adalbert von (1798-1855) — member of the Prussian bureaucracy, Minister of Religious Worship, Education and Medicine (1848-50).— 188
Lagerheim, Elias (1791-1864) — Swedish diplomat, Ambassador to Denmark (1848).—270, 287
Lamarque, Maximilien, Comte de (1770-1832) — French general; a leader of the liberal opposition during the Restoration period and under the July monarchy.—158
Lamartine, Alphonse Marie Louis de (1790-1869) — French poet, historian and politician; a leader of the moderate republicans in the 1840s; Minister of Foreign Affairs and virtually head of the Provisional Government (1848).—128, 131, 144,378.404.481, 494 Lamennais, Hugues Félicité Robert de (1782-1854) —French abbot, writer, Christian socialist.—155
Lamoricière, Christophe Léori Louis Juchault de (1806-1865) — French general, moderate republican; participated in suppressing the June uprising of 1848; Minister of War in the Cavaignac Government (June to December 1848); deputy to the Constituent Assembly.—126, 136, 137, 161, 162, 163
Larochejaquelein (La Rochejaquelein), Henri Auguste Georges Du Ver gier, Mar-quis de (1805-1867) —French politician, a leader of the legitimist party; deputy to the Constituent Assembly (1848).—140, 149, 155, 323
Lassalle, Ferdinand (1825-1864) — German writer and lawyer, petty-bourgeois socialist; participated in the democratic movement in the Rhine Province (1848-49); founder of the General Association of German Workers (1863); an initiator of the opportunist trend in the German Social-Democratic movement.— 587
Latour, Theodor, Count Baillet von ( 1780-1848) — Austrian conservative statesman; Minister of War in 1848; killed in October 1848 during the uprising in Vienna.—499, 503
Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre Auguste (1807-1874) — French writer and politician, a leader of the petty-bourgeois democrats; editor of La Réforme; Minister of the Interior in the Provisional Government in 1848.—128, 298, 404, 440, 515
Lehmann, Peter Martin Orla (1810-1870) — Danish liberal, editor of the newspaper Faedrelandet (1839-42); Minister without Portfolio in 1848.—253
Leiningen, Karl Friedrich Wilhelm, Prince von (1804-1856) — Bavarian general, Imperial Prime Minister (August-September 1848).—377
Lelewel, Joachim (1786-1861) —Polish historian and revolutionary; participant in the Polish uprising of 1830-31; a leader of the democratic wing of the Polish emigrants; Committee member of the Brussels Democratic Association in 1847-48.—351, 354, 360, 361, 375 Lensing (b. 1783) — canon from the Rhine Province; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—207 Leo, Heinrich ( 1799-1878) — German historian and writer, extreme monarchist, ideologist of Prussian junkerdom.— 361 Leonidas— King of Sparta (c. 488-480 B. C); hero of the battle of Thermo-pylae during the Greco-Persian war.— 512 Leopold I ( 1790-1865) — King of Belgium (1831-65).—333, 336, 405, 482
Leroux, Pierre (1797-1871) — French writer, Utopian socialist; deputy to the Constituent (1848-49) and Legislative (1849) Assemblies.—150
Leven—German democrat.— 587
Lichnowski, Felix Maria, Prince von (1814-1848) — Prussian officer; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right wing); killed during the September 1848 uprising in Frankfurt.— 313, 364, 368-71, 375, 376, 499, 575
Ligne, Eugène Lamoral, Prince de (1804-1880) — Belgian statesman, Ambassador to France from 1843 to 1848, to Italy in 1848-49.—461
Lisiecki—official in Posen; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—302
Loe, Maximilian, Baron von—Prussian landowner; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—207
Louis XI (1423-1483) —King of France (1461-83).—372
Louis XIV(1638-1715) — King of France (1643-1715).—326, 347 Louis XV (1710-1774) —King of France (1715-74).—326
Louis XV7( 1754-1793) — King of France (1774-92); guillotined during the French Revolution.— 153, 425
Louis Napoleon—see Napoleon HI
Louis Philippe I (1773-1850) —Duke of
Orléans, King of the French (1830-48).—24, 25, 39, 144, 147, 151, 153, 187, 252, 261, 296, 279, 315,429,481, 494, 522, 525
Low, Hermann (1807-1879) — German professor; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre) in 1848-49.—381
Löwenstein, Lipmann Hirsch (d. 1848) — German orientalist, democrat; President of the Workers' Association in Frankfurt in 1848, delegate to the First Democratic Congress held in Frankfurt (June 1848).—18
Löwinsohn, Moritz—German democrat, a director of the Berlin People's Club, delegate to the Second Democratic Congress held in Berlin (October 1848).—97
Liittichau, Christian Friedrich Tonne, Count von—Prussian official.— 343
M
Machiavelli, Niccold ( 1469-1527) — 1 taiian politician, historian and writer.—212
Malou, Jules Edouard Xavier (1810-1886) — Belgian statesman; Minister of Finance (1844-47).—483
Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766-1834) — English clergyman and economist, advocated the misanthropic theory of population.—282, 573
Mamiani della Rovere, Terenzio, Count (1799-1885) —Italian poet and journalist, philosopher and politician, advocate of constitutional monarchy; Minister of the Interior to Pope Pius IX (from May to August 1848).—385
Marat, Jean Paul ( 1743-1793) — a Jacobin leader during the French Revolution.— 234
Marie de Saint Georges, Alexandre Pierre Thomas Amahle (1795-1870) —French lawyer and politician, moderate republican; in 1848 Minister of Public Works in the Provisional Government, later Minister of Justice in the Cavaignac Government.—168
Märker, Friedrich August (1804-1889) — Prussian statesman; Minister of Justice in the Auerswald-Hansemann Government (from June to September 1848); deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Centre) in 1848.—226, 318, 431
Marrast, Armand (1801-1852) — French writer and politician, leading moderate republican, editor-in-chief of Le
National; member of the Provisional Government and Mayor of Paris (1848).—128, 144, 153, 154, 168, 515
Marx, Jenny (née von Westphalen) (1814-1881) —wife of Karl Marx.—538
Marx, Karl (1818-1883).— 7-12, 15, 383, 407-09, 456, 486, 487, 488, 489, 538, 541, 554-58, 561-63, 566, 568-73, 576, 595, 597, 598
Mathy, Karl (1807-1868) —official, journalist and politician from Baden, moderate liberal; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre) in 1848.—249, 288, 289, 448
Mätze—German teacher; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—189, 193, 219
Maucler, Paul Friedrich Theodor Eugen,
Baron von (1783-1859) — conservative statesman from Württemberg; Minister of Justice from 1818; Chairman of the Privy Council (1831-April 1848).—249
Mellinet, François Aimé (1768-1852) — Belgian general of French descent; participant in the democratic movement and in the 1830 revolution in Belgium; Honorary President of the one of the accused at the Risquons-Tout trial.—335, 405-06, 461
Mentes, M.— platoon leader in the Cologne civic militia.— 574
Metternich-Winneburg, Clemens Wenzel Lothar, Prince (1773-1859) —Austrian statesman and diplomat; Foreign Minister (1809-21) and Chancellor (1821-48); a founder of the Holy Alliance.—,92, 387, 396
Meusebach, von—Prussian official; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—58
Mevissen, Gustav von (1815-1899) —German banker; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre) in 1848-49.—194
Meyendorf, Pyotr Kazimirovich, Baron (1796-1863)—Russian diplomat; envoy to Berlin (1839-50).—313
Mieroslaivski, Ludwik (1814.1878) — prominent figure in the Polish national liberation movement; took part in the insurrection of 1830-31, in the preparations for the uprising of
1846 and in the 1848-49 revolution; later, a leader of the moderate wing of Polish democratic emigrants; sympathetic to Bonapartism.— 354, 375
Miguel, Maria Evarist (Miguel Maria Evaristo de Braganza) (1802-1866) — King of Portugal (1828-34).— 165', 311
Milde, Karl August (1805-1861) — Silesian manufacturer, moderate liberal; in 1848 Minister of Trade in the Auerswald-Hansemann Ministry (from June to September), President of the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing).—33, 57, 59, 85, 106, 199. 219, 238, 262, 304, 313, 400, 418
Minutoli, Julius, Baron von (1805-1860) — Prussian official and diplomat; Chief of Police in Berlin in
1847 and 1848.—46, 47
Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, Comte de (1749-1791) — leading figure in the French Revolution, advocate of constitutional monarchy.—102, 237
Mittermaier, Karl ( 1787-1867) — German lawyer, moderate liberal; a leader of the Left Centre in the Frankfurt National Assembly in 1848.—239
Mohl, Robert von (1799-1875) —German lawyer, moderate liberal; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848; Imperial Minister of Justice (1848-49).—473
Mohr, C.— sculptor, corporal in the Cologne civic militia.— 574
Mohr. J. P.— roofer, member of the Cologne civic militia.— 574
Moll, Joseph (1813-1849) —prominent figure in the German and international working-class movement, a watch-maker by trade; a leader of the League of the Just, member of the Central Authority of the Communist League; President of the Cologne Workers' Association (from July to September 1848), member of the Rhenish District Committee of Democrats; killed in battle during the Baden-Palatinate uprising in 1849.—7, 9, 452, 454, 463, 533. 542, 558, 579, 580, 585, 586
Moltke, Karl, Count von (1798-1866) — Schleswig-Holstein statesman, leader of the Danish counter-revolutionary party; from September 1848 head of the Provisional Government of Schleswig-Holstein formed after the armistice between Prussia and Denmark.—412, 413, 447
Monecke, Edmund—German student, democrat.— 176
Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondât,
Baron de la Bride et de (1689-1755) — French philosopher and sociologist, Enlightener.— 204, 206, 236, 246, 336, 430
Moritz, Daniel Samuel—Prussian judicial official; deputv to the Prussian Nation 1848.—60, 185, 276, 331, 332
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756-1791) — Austrian composer.—385
Müller—German pastor; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Centre) in 1848.—80, 81, 83
Müller—member of the Workers' Association in Worringen (the Rhine Province) in 1848.—587
Müller, Friedrich (b. 1811) — Police Superintendent in Cologne; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right Centre) in 1848.—87, 196, 409, 463
Müller-Tellering, Eduard von (born c. 1808) — German lawyer and journalist, democrat; Neue Rheinische Zeitung correspondent in Vienna in 1848 and 1849; after the revolution emigrated and made slanderous accusations against Marx and Engels.— 457, 503
Musard, Philippe (1793-1859) —French musician and composer.— 512
N
Napoleon I Bonaparte (1769-1821)— ' Emperor of the French (1804-14 and 1815).—80, 153, 161, 228, 237, 250, 251, 290, 308, 309, 314, 520
Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte) (1808-1873) —Prince, nephew of Napoleon I, President of the Second Republic (1848-51), Emperor of the French (1852-70).—155, 515, 522, 525
Natzmer, von (d. 1890) — Prussian officer, sentenced to 15 years of imprisonment in a fortress for refusal to shoot at the people during the storming of the arsenal in Berlin on June 14, 1848; escaped in 1849.—97-99
Naunyn—Burgomaster of Berlin in 1848.—46
Naut, Stephan Adolph—a co-manager of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung Company.— 547
banker and politician; Minister of Finance on several occasions in the 1770s and 1780s, attempted to carry out reforms.—39, 282
Nesselrode, Karl Vasilyevich, Count ( 1780-1862) — Russian statesman and diplomat; Foreign Minister (1816-56), Chancellor of State from 1845 onwards.—307-12
Nethe — Prussian official; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Centre) in 1848.—303
Neumann, von—Prussian general, chief adjutant of the King of Prussia.— 270
Nicholas I (1796-1855) —Emperor of Russia (1825-55).—103, 191, 308-13, 363, 505
Niickel—member of the Cologne Town Council.—500
O
O'Connell, Daniel (1775-1847) —Irish lawyer and politician, leader of the liberal wing of the national liberation movement.— 113
O'Connor, Feargus Edward (1794-1855) — a Chartist leader (Left wing), editor of The Northern Star.— 113, 114, 129
Olberg—Prussian officer; in 1848 took part in suppressing the national liberation movement in Posen.— 104
Olzem, M.— merchant, member of the Cologne civic militia.— 574
Orange—stadholders of the Netherlands from 1572 to 1795 with intervals, royal dvnasty after 1815.—165, 336
Ostendorf, Gottfried Friedrich Johannes Julius (1823-1877)—German teacher, moderate liberal; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre) in 1848-49.—367
Otto I (1815-1867) —Bavarian prince, King of Greece (1832-62).—165 p Pagnerre, Laurent Antoine (1805-1854) — French publisher, republican; deputy to the Constituent Assembly in 1848.—360
Palmerston, Henry John Temple, 3rd Vis-count (1784-1865) — British statesman, Foreign Secretary (1830-34, 1835-41, 1846-51), Home Secretary (1852-55) and Prime Minister (1855-58 and 1859-65); at the beginning of his career a Tory, from 1830 onwards, a Whig.—480, 481
Parrisius, Eduard Rudolf (1818-1905) — Prussian officer of justice; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848.—57, 58, 61, 173, 221-22, 242
Patow, Erasmus Robert, Baron von (1804-1890) — Prussian statesman, Minister of Trade, Industry and Public Works in the Camphausen Ministry (from April to June 1848).—106, 111, 117, 118, 171, 292, 328
Payer, Jean Baptiste (1818-1860) — French scholar; deputy to the Constituent Assembly (1848).— 155 Peel, Sir Robert, 1st Baronet (1788-1850) — British statesman, moderate Tory; Prime Minister (1841-46); repealed the Corn Laws in 1846.—281, 298
Pellmann, Anton—German lawyer; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly in 1848.—87
Pelz, Eduard (1800-1876) —German journalist, democrat; a leader of the Workers' Association in Frankfurt (1848) and editor of the Deutsche
Volkszeitung and Allgemeine Arbeiter-Zeitung.— 18 Perrot, Benjamin Pierre (1791-1865)—-French general; took part in suppressing the June 1848 uprising in Paris.—68, 163
Pfahl—Prussian notary; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—184
Pfuel, Ernst Heinrich Adolf von (1779-1866) — Prussian general; Governor of Neuchâtel in 1832-48; commandant of Berlin in March 1848; headed the suppression of the uprising in Posen in April and May 1848; Prussian Prime Minister and Minister of War in September and October 1848.—64, 65, 104, 116, 251, 313, 347, 463, 466, 473, 476, 477, 489
Philipps, Adolf (1813-1877) —Prussian official; Vice-President of the Prussian National Assembly in 1848.— 216
Piegsa—Polish teacher; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—229
Pillersdorf, Franz, Baron von (1786-1862) — Austrian statesman; Prime Minister (from May to July 1848). — 120
Finder, Julius Hermann (b. 1805) — Prussian official, moderate liberal; Oberpräsident of Silesia, deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—194
Pinto, Isaac (1715-1787) —Dutch stock-jobber and economist.— 279, 281, 419
Pius IX (Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti) ( 1792-1878) — Pope ( 1846-78).— 385
Plato (c. 427-c. 347 B.C>—Greek philosopher.—244-45, 303 Plönnis—Prussian official; Vice-President of the Prussian National Assembly in 1848.—84 Plougoulm, Pierre Ambroise (1796-1863) — French official, lawyer; member of the Chamber of Deputies (1846-48).—187
Pohle—Prussian officer of justice; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Centre) in 1848.—198
Pokrzyumicki—Prussian official of Polish descent; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—198
Pourtalès, Albert, Count von (1812-1861) — Prussian diplomat.— 269 Prince of Prussia— see William I
Proudhon, Pierre Joseph (1809-1865) — French writer, economist and sociologist, a founder of anarchism; deputy to the Constituent Assembly in 1848.—321-24
Przyluski, Leon (1789-1865)—Arch-bishop of Gnesen and Posen (1845-65).—201, 338
Puttkamer, Eugen von (1800-1874) —Prussian official; Chief of Police in Berlin from 1839 to 1847. —46, 47
Q
Queuing— police-sergeant in Cologne.— 390
R
Radetzky, Josef, Count of Radetz (1766-1858) — Austrian field marshal; commander-in-chief of the Austrian forces in Northern Italy from 1831; headed suppression of the Italian national liberation movement in 1848 and 1849.—92, 109, 133, 136, 376, 386, 387, 395-97, 402, 473, 487
Radowitz, Joseph Maria von (1797-1853) — Prussian general, conservative statesman; a leader of the Right wing in the Frankfurt National Assembly in 1848 and 1849.—314, 364-66, 376, 414, 426-28
Raimund, Ferdinand (1790-1836) — Austrian actor and dramatist.— 107-08
Raspail, François Vincent (1794-1878) — French natural scientist, journalist and socialist; participant in the revolutions of 1830 and 1848; deputy to the Constituent Assembly.— 157
Raumer, Friedrich Ludwig Georg von (1781-1873) — German historian; in 1848 Imperial Ambassador to Paris, deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre).— 377
Raveaux, Franz (1810-1851) — German politician; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848-49.—17-19 Reedtz, Holger Christian (1800-1857) — Danish statesman, diplomat; represented the Danish Government during the armistice negotiations in the Schleswig-Holstein war (1848-50); Minister of Foreign Affairs (1850-51).—270, 446 Rehfeld—deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Centre, later Right wing) in 1848.—54-55
Reichenbach, Eduard, Count von (1812-1869) — Silesian democrat; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848; member of the Central Committee of Democrats from October 1848.—82, 100, 184, 220, 276
Reichensperger I, August (1808-1895) — German lawyer and politician; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848-49.-84, 94, 122
Reichensperger II, Peter Franz (1818-1892) — German lawyer and politician; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848; brother of August Reichensperger.—94, 174, 196, 202, 207, 236-38, 302, 418, 436
Reichhelm — German democrat; member of the Cologne Committee of Public Safety in 1848.—587
Reuter (died c. 1860) — Prussian official; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—58, 60, 61, 196, 202
Rhien, Ferdinand—pharmacist, corporal in the Cologne civic militia.— 574
Ricci, Alberto (1795-1876) —Sardinian diplomat, Ambassador to France.— 480
Richter, Karl (1804-1869) —German clergyman, professor of theology; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—45, 201 Riedel, Adolf Friedrich Johann (1809-1872) — Prussian politician; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—84
Rimpler, O.— Prussian resigned artillery officer; commander of the Berlin civic militia from July 1848.—476
Rittinghausen, Moritz (1814-1890) — German journalist and politician, democrat, contributor to the Neue Rheinische Zeitung, member of the Cologne Democratic Society and, later, of the German Social-Democratic Party.—562, 563
Ritz—Prussian official; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—58, 59, 173, 190-91, 303
Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de (1758-1794) — prominent figure in the French Revolution, leader of the Jacobins, head of the revolutionary Government (1793-94).—153, 155
Rochow, Gustav Adolf Rochus von (1792-1847) — Prussian Minister of the Interior (1834-42).—36 Rodbertus-Jagetzow, Johann Karl (1805-1875) — German economist; leader of the Left Centre in the Prussian National Assembly during the 1848-49 revolution.—Ill, 112, 174, 188, 195, 273, 419, 425, 427 Rogier, Charles Latour (1800-1885) — Belgian Minister of the Interior (1847-52); moderate liberal.—188, 460, 461, 483 Rolin, Hippolyte (1804-1888) —Belgian lawyer, politician, leader of the liberal party, Minister of Public Works (1848-50).—335 Romanovs—dynasty of Russian tsars and emperors (1613-1917).—308
Rosenkranz, Johann Karl Friedrich (1805-1879) — German Hegelian philosopher and literary historian.—363
Röser, Peter Gerhard (1814-1865) — prominent figure in the Ger-
man workers' movement, cigar-maker by trade; Vice-President of the Cologne Workers' Association (1848-49), publisher of its newspaper Freiheit, Brüderlichkeit, Arbeit, member of the Communist League.— 579, 595, 597
Rothschild, Jacob (James), Baron de (1792-1868) — head of the Rothschild bank-ing house in Paris.— 125, 468
Rotteck, Karl Wenzeslaus Rodecker von
(1775-1840)— German historian and liberal politician.—80
Rougemont de Lowemberg— French banker.—125
Ruge, Arnold (1802-1880) —German radical journalist and philosopher, Young Hegelian; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—371-80
Russell, John Russell, 1st Earl (1792-1878) — British statesman, Whig leader; Prime Minister (1846-52 and 1865-66), Foreign Secretary (1852-53 and 1859-65).—206, 377, 379
S
Salget—member of the Committee of the Cologne Workers' Association.—426, 579
Sand, George (pseudonym of Amandine Lucie Aurore Dupin, baronne Dudevant) (1804-1876) — French novelist, representative of the democratic trend in romanticism.— 315-16, 360
Savigny, Friedrich Karl von (1779-1861) — German lawyer, head of the historical school of law; Minister for the Revision of Laws (1842-48).—317
Schaffgotsches—a family of counts in Silesia.— 56
Schapper, Karl (c. 1812-1870) — prominent figure in the German and international working-class movement, a leader of the League of the Just, member of the Central Authority of the Communist League, member of the Rhenish District Committee of Democrats; a leader (1848-49), and later President (from February to May 1849) of the Cologne Workers' Association. After the revolution, a leader of the sectarian group in the Communist League, later a member of the General Council of the First International.— 7, 9, 383, 384, 390-94, 452, 463, 558, 562, 586
Schapper—wife of Karl Schapper.— 390
Scharnhorst, Gerhard Johann David von (1755-1813) — Prussian general and politician; Minister of War (1807-10) and Chief of the General Staff (1807-13); reorganised the Prussian army.—228
Schleiermacher, Friedrich Daniel Ernst (1768-1834) —German philosopher, theologian and preacher.— 85
Schleinitz, Alexander, Baron von (1807-1885) — Prussian statesman; Minister of Foreign Affairs (June 1848, 1849-50, 1858-61).—106, 111, 210
Schlichting—Prussian officer.— 181
Schloffel, Friedrich Wilhelm (1800-1870) — Silesian factory owner, democrat; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—18, 368, 589 Schmerling, Anton von (1805-1893) — Austrian statesman; in 1848 deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre), Imperial Minister of the Interior (from July to September), Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs (from September to December).— 313, 473
Schmidt, Ernst Friedrich Franz—German clergyman; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—368
Schmidt, Jac.—shoemaker, member of the Cologne civic militia.— 574
Schmitz—worker in Cologne.— 594
Schnabel, F. — cap-maker, member of the Cologne civic militia.— 574
Schnapphahnski—see Lichnowski, Felix Maria Schneider—Prussian official; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing, later Left Centre) in 1848.—233-35, 257
Schneider II, Karl—German lawyer, democrat; President of the Cologne Democratic Society and member of the Rhenish District Committee of Democrats (1848).—87, 558, 563
Scholz—deputy to the Prussian National Assembly in 1848.—185
Schramm, Rudolf (1813-1882) — German democratic journalist; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—99, 219
Schreckenstein, Ludwig Johann Karl Greg-ory Eusebius, Baron Roth von (1789-1858) — Prussian general; Minister of War from June to September 1848.-20,96, 106, 111, 171, 180,181, 183-84, 191-94, 228-31, 313, 418
Schröder—prison warder in Cologne.—325
Schücking, Christoph Bernard Levin (1814-1883) — German writer; contributor to the Kölnische Zeitung, author of many feuilletons (1845-52).—395-98
Schultes—German democrat.— 587
Schulz, Louis— a co-manager of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung Company.— 547
Schultz(e) — Prussian officer of justice; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—82, 190, 191
Schulze-Delitzsch, Franz Hermann (1808-1883) — German economist and politician; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848; later one of the leaders of the Progressist Party and advocate of producer co-operatives.—78-80, 82, 227, 303
Schuselka, Franz (1811-1889) — Austrian journalist and liberal politician; in 1848 deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left' wing) and to the Austrian National Assembly.— 365, 366
Schütze— Prussian officer of justice; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—304
Schützendorf— German petty-bourgeois democrat, member of the Cologne Association for Workers and Employers in 1848.—558
Schwanbeck, Eugen Alexis (1821-1850) — German journalist, an editor of the Kölnische Zeitung.— 497
Schwarzer, Ernst (1808-1860) — Austrian official and journalist; Minister of Public Works (July to September 1848).—570
Schwerin, Maximilian Heinrich Karl, Count von (1804-1872) —Prussian statesman; in 1848 Minister of Religious Worship, Education and Medi-cine (March to June), deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right wing).—74, 82, 96
Sebaldt—Prussian official; Landrat and Chief Burgomaster of Trier in 1848.—94, 95
Sebastiani, Horace François Bastien, Comte
(1772-1851) —French marshal, diplomat, Orleanist; Minister of Foreign Affairs (1830-32), Ambassador to London (1835-40).—147
Senard, Antoine Marie Jules (1800-1885) — French lawyer and politician; President of the Constituent Assembly in June 1848, Minister of the Interior in the Cavaignac Government (June to October 1848).—137, 140
Senff, Emil— Prussian officer of justice in Posen; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly in 1848.—354, 356, 358, 359, 361, 367, 369 Shakespeare, William (1564-1616) — English dramatist and poet.— 466 Siebert—deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—221
Simons. Ludung (1803-1870) — German lawyer; deputy to the Prussian Nation-
al Assembly (Right wing) in 1848; Minister of Justice (1849-60):—207, 241, 301, 302
Smith, Adam (1723-1790) —Scottish economist.— 299
Sobieski, Jan (John III) (1624-1696) —King of Poland (1674-96) who, as commander of the combined Polish and Austro-German forces, achieved a decisive victory over the Turks at Vienna in 1683.— 196
Sobrier, Marie Joseph (c. 1825-1854) — French democrat, member of secret revolutionary societies during the July monarchy; founded the newspaper Commune de Paris in March 1848 as a mouthpiece for the Paris prefec-ture.— 155 Solms-Lich und Hohensolms, Ludwig, Prince von (1805-1880)—Prussian liberal landowner, advocate of constitutional monarchy; marshal of the Rhenish Provincial Diet (1837-45) and later of the First United Diet of 1847.—36 Sommer, Johann Friedrich Josef (1793-1856) — Prussian lawyer and politician; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—196
Stein, Heinrich Friedrich Karl, Baron vom und zum (1757-1831) —Prussian statesman, one of those who initiated and helped implement moderate reforms.— 246
Stein, Julius (1813-1889) —Silesian teacher and journalist; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—100, 233, 417, 418, 463, 476, 492
Steinäcker, Christian Karl Anton Friedrich,
Baron von (1781-1851) — Prussian general, commandant of the Posen fortress in 1848.—92, 210
Stenzel, Gustav Adolf Harald ( 1792-1854) — German historian; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left wing, later Right Centre) in 1848.—338, 340-43, 344-48, 349, 353, 354, 356, 359 Stradal—German jurist from Tep-litz.— 215
Struben, Joh.—tailor, member of the Cologne civic militia.— 574
Struve, Gustav von (1805-1870) — German democrat, journalist by profession; a leader of the Baden republican uprisings of 1848 and of the Baden-Palatinate uprising of 1849.— 485, 488
Stupp, Heinrich Joseph (1793-1870) — Prussian official, clerical; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—101-03, 302, 336
Sydow, Karl Leopold Adolf (1800-1882) — German clergyman and theologian; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in
1848.—83, 84
T
Tacitus, Cornelius (c. 55-c. 120) — Roman historian and orator.—370
Talleyrand- Péri gord, Charles Maurice de
(1754-1838) —French diplomat, Minister of Foreign Affairs (1797-99, 1799-1807, 1814-15), France's representative to the Congress of Vienna (1814-15).—96
Tamnau—Prussian officer of justice; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly in 1848.—418
Tedesco, Victor André (1821-1897) — Belgian lawyer, socialist, a founder of the Brussels Democratic Association; associate of Marx and Engels in 1847-48, member of the Communist League; one of the defendants at the Risquons-Tout trial.— 405, 406 Temme, Jodocus Donatus Hubertus (1798-1881) — German lawyer, democrat; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848; deputy to
the Frankfurt National Assembly in 1849.—46, 59, 97, 230
Theux de Meylandt, Barthélémy Théodore, Comte de ( 1794-1874) — Belgian statesman, head of the Catholic party; Prime Minister (1846-47).—483
Thiers, Louis Adolphe (1797-1877) — French historian and statesman; Prime Minister (1836, 1840); deputy to the Constituent Assembly (1848); head of the Orleanist monarchist party after 1848; organised the suppression of the Paris Commune; President of the Republic (1871-73).—154, 168, 321, 323, 440, 467-71, 473, 478
Thorwaldsen, Bertel (1768-1844) — Danish sculptor.— 26
Thun-Hohenstein, Leo, Count von (1811-1888) — Austrian statesman of Czech descent; one of the most influential advisers of Emperor Francis Joseph I; Minister of Religious Worship and Education from 1849 to I860.—120
Thurn und Taxis, Karl Alexander, Prince von (1770-1827) — German influential prince, enjoyed hereditary post-office privileges in a number of German states.— 349
Tilly, Johann Tserclaes, Count of (1559-1632) — commander of the army of the Catholic League in the Thirty Years' War.—120
Trélat, Ulysse (1795-1879) —French politician, moderate republican; deputy to the Constituent Assembly (1848), Minister of Public Works (May to June 1848).—148
Tresckow, Hermann von (1818-1900) — Prussian officer; fought in the war against Denmark in 1848 and 1849.—348
Tresckow, Sigismund Otto—German merchant, from 1796 owner of a landed estate in Owinsk (Posen).—343, 348
Turck, Leopold (1797-1887) —French physician and journalist, politician;
deputy to the Constituent Assembly in 1848.—467, 468, 470
Tihhaus—Prussian official; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—195, 196
U
Unruh, Hans Victor von (1806-1886) — Prussian engineer and politician; a leader of the Centre in the Prussian National Assembly in 1848, President of the Assembly from October.—417-19
Urban—German veterinary; a leader of the barricade fighting in Berlin during the March events of 1848; took part in the storming of the arsenal on June 14, 1848.—97
V
Valdenaire, Victor (1791-1859) — Prussian democrat; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—94, 301, 302
Venedey, Jakob (1805-1871) —German radical writer; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848; after the 1848-49 revolution, liberal.—32, 154, 409
Vergniaud, Pierre Victurnien (1753-1793) — prominent figure in the French Revolution, Girondist.— 84
Verhaegen, Pierre Theodore (1800-1862) — Belgian liberal politician.— 336
Villâny ( Villâni) de Castello Pillonico Karel Drahotin Marie (1818-1883) —Czech baron; representative of the Left wing of the national movement (1848), member of the Preparatory Committee for the convocation of the Slav Congress, arrested after the June uprising in Prague.— 214
Vincke, Georg, Baron von (1811-1875) — Prussian politician; a leader of the Right wing in the Frankfurt
National Assembly in 1848-49.—194, 376, 420, 427, 428, 580
Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro) (70-19. B.C.) — Roman poet.— 67
Vogt, Karl (1817-1895) — German natural scientist, vulgar materialist, petty-bourgeois democrat; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848-49.—235
W
Wachsmuth, Franz Rudolph (b. 1810) — Prussian official; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848.—246
Wächter, Karl—German democrat; member of the Cologne Committee of Public Safety in September 1848.—587, 594
Waldeck, Benedikt Franz Leo (1802-1870) — German lawyer and radical politician; Vice-President of the Prussian National Assembly and a leader of its Left wing in 1848.—173, 235, 236, 419, 425, 427-29, 433
Wallach—Prussian official, Regierungspräsident of Bromberg (Byd-goszcz).— 357
Wallau, Karl (1823-1877) —German emigrant resident in Brussels; member of the Central Authority of the Communist League in 1848, Chairman of the Workers' Educational Association in Mainz.— 535
Wallmoden-Gimborn, Karl, Count von (1792-1883) — Austrian general; took part in suppressing the revolutionary movement in Bohemia and Hungary (1848-49).—120
Wallraf— German democrat.— 587
Wander—German clergyman; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.-^226
Wangenheim, Karl August vo?i (1773-1850) — Prussian official; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848.—276
Wartensleben, Alexander, Count von (1807-1883) — Prussian landowner; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre) in 1848.—364, 365
Weber, Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von (1786-1826) — German composer.— 516
Weerth, Georg (1822-1856) —German poet and writer, member of the Communist League, a founder of proletarian poetry in Germany; an editor of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung in 1848-49.—15, 575 Weichsel—Prussian officer of justice; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848.—1.72
Weitling, Wilhelm Christian (1808-1871) — one of the early leaders of the working-class movement in Germany, tailor by trade, a theoretician of Utopian egalitarian communism.— 556
Welcher, Karl Theodor (1790-1869) — German lawyer, liberal journalist; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre) in 1848.—424
Weiden, Franz Ludwig, Baron von (1782-1853) — Austrian general; took part in the campaign against the national liberation movement in Italy in 1848; commandant of Vienna after the suppression of the October 1848 uprising; commander-in-chief of the Austrian troops fighting against the Hungarian revolution (April to May 1849).— 109, 386, 387, 397
Wencelius—deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—94, 302
Werner, Johann Peter—German lawyer; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848.—19
Weyll, Bartholomäus Joseph—German lawyer; member of the Democratic Society and the Committee of Public Safety in Cologne in 1848; delegate to
the Second Democratic Congress in Berlin (October 1848).—585, 587
Wiedenmann, Christian—Prussian official; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Centre) in 1848.—237
Wieners, Ign.—tailor, member of the Cologne civic militia.— 574
Wigand, Otto (1795-1870) —German publisher and bookseller, owner of a firm in Leipzig, published works by radical writers.— 360
Wildenbruch, Ludwig von (1803-1874) — Prussian diplomat; envoy to Copenhagen in 1848.— 191, 267, 310, 424
William I (1797-1888) —Prince of Prussia, King of Prussia (1861-88), German Emperor (1871-88).—66, 68, 107, 427, 448, 466, 491
Willisen, Karl Wilhelm, Baron von (1790-1879) — Prussian general and military theorist; royal commissioner in Posen in 1848.—104, 346, 347
Windischgrätz, Alfred Candidus Ferdinand, Prince (1787-1862) —Austrian field marshal; commanded the troops which crushed the uprisings in Prague and Vienna in 1848; led the Austrian army against the Hungarian revolution in 1848-49.—91-93, 120, 133, 271, 313, 473, 491, 497, 498, 503, 505, 598
Windischgrätz, Maria Eleonora (1795-1848) —wife of Prince Alfred.—92, 214
Winkelried, Arnold (d. 1386) — semi-legendary hero of the Swiss war of liberation against the Habsburgs; the legend runs that he secured the victory over the Austrian Duke Leopold in the battle at Sempach at the price of his life.—26
Wittgenstein, Heinrich von (1800-1868) —Prussian official; in 1848 Regierungspräsident (May to September) and commander of the civic militia in Cologne.—450, 497, 584, 587 Wolfers, Franz Anton von(b. 1813) — German journalist of Belgian descent; contributor to and member of the editorial board of the Kölnische Zeitung in 1848.—150, 152-56, 296, 297, 497
Wolftf), Ferdinand (1812-1895) — German journalist, member of the Communist League, an editor of the
Neue Rheinische Zeitung in 1848 and 1849.—15
Wolff—German official; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848.—196
Wolff, Wilhelm (Lupus) (1809-1864) — German proletarian revolutionary, teacher by profession, member of the Communist League; an editor of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung in
1848 and 1849; friend and associate of Marx and Engels.—7, 15, 562, 582, 587
Woocker, M. — grocer, member of the Cologne civic militia.— 574
Wrangel, Friedrich Heinrich Ernst, Count von (1784-1877) — Prussian general; took part in the counter-revolutionary coup d'état in Berlin and in dispersing ' the Prussian National Assembly in November 1848.—191, 268-69, 411, 463, 473, 491
Wuttke, Johann Karl Heinrich (1818-1876) — German historian and politician; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (1849); a founder of the Great German party, professor of Leipzig University.— 213
Aeneas (Gr. Myth.) — son of Anchises and Aphrodite, a chief defender of Troy, legendary ancestor of the Romans, the principal character of Virgil's epic poem Aeneid.— 66,67 Aeolus (Class. Myth.) — god of the winds.— 481 Anchises (Gr. Myth.) — King of Dardans,
father of Aeneas.— 66
Wynn, Sir Henry Watkin Williams ( 1783-1856) — British diplomat; Ambassador to Denmark from 1824 to 1853.—270, 287
Y
Y-psilanti, Alexander, Prince (1792-1828) — leader of the Greek national liberation movement; in 1821 organised an uprising against the Turkish rule and after its defeat fled to Austria where he was arrested and kept in prison till 1827.—165
Z
Zachariä—Prussian officer of justice; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right Centre) in 1848.—83, 86, 173, 174, 241
Zacharias—merchant; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly.— 181
Zitz, Franz Heinrich (1803-1877) — German lawyer, democrat; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—17
Zweiffel—Prussian official, Chief Public Prosecutor at Cologne; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848.—94, 179, 187, 207, 210, 211, 459, 554, 576
Aphrodite (Gr. Myth.) — goddess of love
and beauty.— 489 Ariadne (Gr. Myth.) — daughter of Minos, King of Crete; the beloved of
Theseus.—262
Castor (Class. Myth.) — one of the Dios-curi twins, son of Leda and Zeus; the
INDEX OF LITERARY AND MYTHOLOGICAL NAMES name of a star in the constellation Gemini.— 33
Christ, Jesus (Bib.).—397 Circe—an island sorceress in Homer's Odyssey who turned Odysseus' com-panions into swine.— 259
Dido (Gr. Myth.) — daughter of the King of Tyre; she was founder of Carthage and fell victim to her tragic love for Aeneas.— 6? Don Ranudo de Colibrados—the title character in the comedy written by the Danish writer Ludvig Holberg; an impoverished nobleman who retained his arrogance and haughti-ness.— 344 Don Quixote—the title character in Cervantes' novel.—360, 380, 448, 467
Eckart—according to medieval German legends, a devoted servant and trustworthy guardian.— 257
Falstaff, Sir John—a character in the Shakespearean tragedy King Henry IV and the comedy The Merry Wives of Windsor; a sly fat braggart and jester.— 466
Faust—hero of a medieval German legend and the title character in Goethe's tragedy.— 485
Figaro—the title character in Beaumarchais' comedy La folle journée, ou le mariage de Figaro (The Wild Day or the Marriage of Figaro).— 264
Cahriel (Bib.).—492
Leda (Gr. Myth.) — wife of Tyndarus, King of Sparta; Zeus was enamoured
by her exceptional beauty; according to legend the children of Zeus and Leda were hatched.— 33
Lycurgus— legendary Spartan lawgiver of the 9th-8th centuries B. C.— 472
Minotaur (Gr. Myth.) — monster living on Crete and devouring youths and maidens sacrificed to it.— 262 Moses (Bib.)— 103 Paul (Bib.).—66
Priam (Gr. Myth.) — King of Troy.— 66
Rodomont(e) — a character in Ariosto's L'Orlando furioso, a boastful knight.— 364 Sancho Panza—a character in Cervantes' Don Quixote.—365
Sibyl—one of the women in ancient times believed to possess prophetic powers; Sibylline books fabled to have been bought from her were burnt in 405 by Stilicho, an actual ruler of the Western Roman Empire.— 152
Tannhaüser—a character in German folk-lore, the title character of Heinrich Heine's poem.—190
Tell, William—legendary hero of the Swiss struggle for independence against the Habsburgs in the late 13th-early 14th centuries, the title character in Schiller's drama.— 26
Theseus (Gr. Myth.) — King of Athens; helped by Ariadne, he killed the Minotaur.— 262
Wagner—a character in Goethe's Faust.—485