Timeline

1907

18-24 August Stuttgart Congress of the Second International; Lenin and Luxemburg amendment on the attitude towards war passed

1910

28 August – 3 September Copenhagen Conference of the Second International; resolution on the International’s position on war and struggle, firming up the proposals made by Lenin and Rosa Luxemburg at the congress in Stuttgart

1912

October Outbreak of the First Balkan War
24-25 November Basel Congress of the Second International; reinforced the International’s firm stance of “war on war” which had been declared in Stuttgart and Copenhagen, and a call to socialists to “exert every effort in order to prevent the outbreak of war” and to use the conditions created by the war to “hasten the downfall of capitalist class rule”

1913

June Outbreak of the Second Balkan War

1914

28 July First World War begins
4 August German SPD votes for war credits triggering the collapse of the Second International
5 September Lenin is forced to leave Austria-Hungary for neutral Switzerland

1915

5-8 September Zimmerwald Conference of anti-war Socialists

1916

24-30 April Kienthal Conference of anti-war Socialists (Second Zimmerwald Conference)

1917

8-12 March February Revolution in Russia; the tsar is forced to abdicate; Soviets are organised; Provisional Government formed
16 April Lenin returns to Russia and presents the April Theses
10-13 September Kornilov’s attempted coup against the Provisional Government is defeated
7 November October Revolution in Russia; the Soviets take power; Lenin drafts Decree on Peace