Subject Index

A

Adventurism (in politics)

— of anarchist tactics — 10, 154, 408 — of the Social Democratic Federation sectarian leaders — 471 See also Anarchism, anarchists; Bakuninism, Bakuninists; Blanquism, Blanquists; Bonaparlism; Putsch, putschism Agricultural workers—180-81, 235, 239, 241, 353, 388-89 Agriculture—115, 156, 179-80, 213-14, 224, 232-33, 234-35, 241, 316, 389 See also Landed property; Nationalisation of land Alsace— 483, 485, 503, 514 See also Lorraine. Anarchism, anarchists—10-11, 154, 198, 408 — in England —430-31, 438, 443, 446, 451, 471, 534 See also Adventurism; Bakuninism, Bakuninists; Putsch, putschism Anglo-Egyptian war, 1882 — 505, 510, 514 Armchair socialism — 24, 138, 184, 226,

348, 385, 389-90, 417 Army — 234, 235, 339, 343, 486-87, 499-500, 512, 515 — Austrian —339, 486, 515 — French — 149, 343, 485, 486

— German —234, 235, 343, 487 — Prussian —339, 486, 515, 519-20 — Russian —339, 485, 487 Art — 78-79, 154, 224, 285, 359 Austria (before 1867) —503, 510, 513,

515 Austria-Hungary (from 1867)

— and Bosnia, annexation of — 505, 513, 514 — and Slav peoples — 505, 513-15 — foreign policy and diplomacy — 505, 513-17 — and Germany —486, 513, 516-18 — and Russia —486, 513-18 — and Turkey —505, 510, 513-15, 518 Austro-Prussian war, 1866 — 217, 221-22 Average rate of profit— 182-83, 226

B

Bakuninism, Bakuninists— 10, 198, 470 See also Adventurism; Anarchism, anarchists Banks— 156, 281, 340

— and bank (money) capital — 88-89, 224, 338-39 — and foreign loans —338-39, 359-60, 365, 377-78 — Marx's analysis of bank capital in Capital — 8% 289-90, 522 Berlin — 217, 356 Blanquism, Blanquists—280, 342 See also Adventurism Bonapartism — 51, 282, 487, 514-15 Bosnia — see Austria-Hungary Bourgeois political economy — 24-25, 193

— contradictions and evolution — 183-84, 348, 388-89 — schools in — 183-84, 348 Bourgeoisie — 51, 317, 497-98 Bourgeoisie, German — 213, 268, 269, 434,

487, 493, 498, 510 See also Revolution of 1848-49 in Germany Bourgeoisie, Russian — 281, 365, 498 British Museum— 187, 400, 448

Capital—42, 154, 193-94, 224-25, 338, 452 See also Capitalist mode of production; Money capital; Primitive accumulation of capital 'Capital' by Karl Marx — 226

— history of writing — 29, 102, 104, 122-23, 188, 244 — its third and the subsequent versions: the manuscripts of 1863-65 — 88-89, 264, 293-94 — plans for publication — 102, 122-23, 244, 264 — agreement on publication — 17, 76, 85-86, 120-21 — subject index— 188 — manuscripts of Capital left by Marx — 3 , 6, 39-41, 53 See also Marxist political economy 'Capital'', Volume I

— subject-matter — 224-25 — Engels on its contents and significance — 214, 224-25 — dissemination among workers — 8-9, 115, 342, 385, 464-65, 471 — reaction on it by bourgeois and petty-bourgeois circles — 16-17,

111, 166, 181-83, 187,209-10,212, 224-25, 266-67, 318-19 — its popularisation — 8, 11, 44, 45, 50, 58-64, 76-78, 89-90, 93-94, 96, 101, 112, 115, 310, 384-86, 417, 465, 482 'Capital', Volume II

— its significance —58, 93, 100, 154, 206, 265 subject-matter — 294, 296 — Engels' work on the first edition — 3, 14, 18, 26, 29, 33, 39, 42-43, 53, 57-58, 88, 120, 122-23, 134, 151, 153, 154, 156, 160-61, 187, 190, 198, 202, 210, 212, 217, 244, 249, 262, 263, 265, 267, 270-71, 277-78, 289, 292, 297, 308, 310, 316, 328, 349-50 — Engels' work on the Preface— 187, 210, 212, 219, 262, 292-93, 297, 318 — work on the Russian edition — 65-66, 92-93, 100, 260, 272, 277-78, 289, 293, 310, 318-19, 400-01, 432 — work on the French edition — 359 — bourgeois economists' response — 17, 348, 522 'Capital', Volume III

— its significance —93, 161,262,264, 265, 270-71, 277-79, 286, 289, 297, 300, 308, 317, 348 — history of writing —29, 43, 88-89, 264, 289-90, 293-94 — subject-matter —224, 290, 295-97 — work on the first edition — 3, 18, 29, 33, 88-100, 120, 122-23, 151, 244, 249, 262-65, 270-71, 277-78, 286, 289-91, 293, 294, 296, 301, 305-06, 308, 310, 316-17, 348-49, 358, 374, 394, 400, 402, 405, 416, 484, 521-22 'Capital', Volume IV

— subject-matter — 29, 102, 104, 120, 122-23, 188, 226, 244, 279 — Engels' plans for publication — 29, 102, 104, 120, 122-23, 188, 244, 270 Capitalist—10, 58, 179-80, 181, 182, 340, 452 See also Bourgeoisie; Bourgeoisie, German; Bourgeoisie, Russian; Capital; Capitalist mode of production; Exploitation of labour power by capital; Petty bourgeoisie Capitalist mode of production — 24, 141-42,

155, 156, 178, 179, 180, 390 See also Society, bourgeois Chartism, Chartist movement—308, 337 China — 254, 428 Circulation — 180

— analysis of circulation of capital — 3, 88, 122-23, 159 Class (es) — 10, 51, 86-87, 132, 452, 491, 497 See also Bourgeoisie; Class struggle; Peasantry; Petty bourgeoisie; Working class Class struggle — 51, 452-53, 470

See also Class(es); Revolution, proletarian, socialist; Socialist movement, international; Tactics of the proletarian class struggle; Working-class movement Communism (socio-economic formation) — 10, 74, 86-87, 119-20, 182, 194, 223, 234, 235, 236, 241-42, 313, 343, 388-89, 391-92, 397-98, 487, 501, 503 See also Revolution, proletarian, socialist; Transitional period from capitalism to communism (socialism) Communism, Icarian (Cabet's communism) — 117, 342 Communism in Germany (theories and trends) —263, 350-51 See also Socialism in Germany Communism, primitive — 82, 102-03, 116 Communism, Utopian — 263, 342 Communists, communist movement—17, 86-87, 542 See also Marxism Community (commune)—82, 102, 103, 132, 178, 179, 279, 281, 398, 503 See also Gens, gentile constitution Competition — 54-55, 107, 181-82

Constitutional monarchy (bourgeois)—51,

119-20 See also England (Great Britain); France Contradiction—117', 132, 175, 330-31, 390 Co-operative movement—101, 235, 239, 241-42, 353, 389, 465 Cottage industry — 81-82, 179, 213-14, 232-

34 Credit—89, 137-38, 204, 241-42, 289, 338, 340, 377-78, 428 See also Banks; Monetary market; Money capital

D

Democracy, bourgeois (political movement)

— see Germany — democrats, democratic movement Democracy, bourgeois (state and political

system) —119, 343 See also Republic, bourgeois; Society, bourgeois Democratic Federation (England, 1881) —

54, 114, 118, 123, 165, 177 Depression — see Economic crises Dialectics — 3b, 38, 71, 330-31, 438, 492 — Marx's outline of dialectics — 3 See also Singular, particular and universal Dogmatism — 90, 93-94, 391-92, 541

E

Eclectism — see Socialism — eclectic Economic crises—23, 75, 81-82, 213-14, 232, 340, 349, 365, 390, 396-97, 402, 407, 428 Economic doctrine of Marxism — see 'Capital' by Karl Marx; 'Capital', Volume I; 'Capital', Volume II; 'Capital', Volume III; 'Capital', Volume IV; Marxist political economy Egypt—505, 510, 514 See also Anglo-Egyptian war, 1882 Emancipation of Labour group, first Russian Marxist organisation — Engels' contacts with its members — 64-67, 93, 111-13, 204, 264, 279-80, 281-82, 400, 432 Emigration —26, 225, 283-84

— German in the USA —225, 491, 524-25, 530 — Russian — 68, 88; see also Bakuninism, Bakuninists Engels, Frederick

— main biographical information — 25, 26, 39, 69, 92-93, 108, 202, 228-29, 235, 287, 307, 316, 416 — in 1844-February 1848 — 31, 37, 158, 541 — in 1874-83 — 3, 6, 14, 16, 17, 24, 25, 26, 29-33, 39-41, 47-48, 50, 59-62, 69, 84, 279-80, 393, 529 — in 1884-86 — 84-89, 92-95, 97-98, 104-07, 111, 113, 114, 122, 134-35, 141-43, 145, 147, 151-53, 158, 197-98, 202, 203, 215, 217, 228, 238, 244-45, 249, 260-65, 267-70, 277-79, 286, 289, 293-94, 301, 305-06, 316, 332, 348, 349, 363, 391-94, 396-97, 416-17, 422, 423-24, 425, 434, 447, 456-57, 472, 484, 489, 492-94, 498-99 — Engels' study of languages — 49, 113, 279, 280, 282, 363, 447 — Marx's literary executor — 3,6,26, 29-33, 38-41, 50, 69, 84, 86, 87, 92-95, 104, 152, 203, 332, 349, 447, 457 See also 'Capital' by Karl Marx; 'Capital', Volume I; 'Capital', Volume - II; 'Capital', Volume III; 'Capital', Volume IV; Communists, communist movement; German Social Democracy — Marx and Engels as representatives and leaders of the party; Marxism; Marxist philosophy; Marxist political economy; Natural science — Marx's and Engels' study of; Party, proletarian; Russia— Marx's and Engels' study of the Russian language; Russia — Marx and Engels on their study of

Russian literature on economics and social relations in Russia; Russia — Marx's and Engels' contacts with Russian men of letters in the 1870s-early 1880s; Socialist movement, international; Working-class movement England (Great Britain) — 135-36, 141, 448-49, 491 — in the 1870s-80s —23, 51, 55, 82, 213, 260, 304, 314, 340, 349, 361, 390, 396, 397, 402, 407-08 — industrial revolution, its social consequences — 213, 232, 259 — trade and industrial monopoly on the world market — 54-55, 213, 254-55, 396-97 — large-scale industry — 213, 254 — political parties of the ruling classes — 304, 314-15, 317 — radicals —268, 304, 314, 317, 326, 367, 389 — radical clubs (in the 1880s) — 28, 526, 529 — electoral reform of 1884 — 198, 314, 317, 341 — colonial policy in Ireland — 448-49 Europe — 221, 357, 487-88, 509, 518-19 Exploitation of labour power by capital—

179, 181-82 See also Factory legislation; Female labour; Working day

F

Factory, factory system — 259, 338

See also Large-scale industry; Machinery Factory legislation — 57', 216-17, 241-42 Family and marriage — 56, 431, 501 Female labour — 313, 314 Feudalism — 51, 156, 178, 179-80

See also Community (commune) Force, its role in history — 528-29 Fourierism, Fourierists—133, 141, 185 France — 51, 52, 149, 213, 221, 326, 330-31, 340, 342, 343, 354, 497, 510 — industrial revolution — 213, 232 — during the Third Republic (after the defeat of the Paris Commune of 1871) — 5 1 , 119, 149, 300, 323, 326, 330-31, 343 — home policy, home situation —

149, 226-27, 270-71, 291-93, 300, 330-31, 441-42 — electoral system — 270-71, 314, 317, 320, 326, 330, 488-89, 507 — National Assembly —343, 409, 413-14, 418, 425, 429-30, 441-42 — political parties of the ruling classes — 149, 314, 317, 330-31, 430-31 — Monarchists —326, 330, 343, 430, 518-19 — bourgeois republicans — 141, 268, 270, 314, 317, 326, 330-31, 343, 412, 413, 430, 519 — Radicals (Clemenceau's supporters) — 98, 141, 149, 226-27, 268, 270, 300, 314, 317, 320, 326, 330-31, 343, 354, 363, 409-12, 418, 424, 429-31, 441-45, 470, 488-89, 497, 507 — and prospects of the revolution — 354, 486, 518 — and Russia — 518-19 See also Army — French; Language — French; Literature — French; Napoleonic Wars; Paris Commune of 1871; Petty bourgeoisie — in France; Socialism, socialists in France; Socialist movement in France; Working-class movement in France Franco-Prussian war, 1870-71 — 342, 481, 485-86 French Workers' Party

— its programme — 311 — struggle of Guesdists against Possibilists — 141, 425 — 'Guesdists' party after the split in St Etienne in 1882 — 115, 131 — party congresses — 115, 131 — propaganda of Marxism — 111, 112, 115, 131, 134, 135, 143-44, 332, 333 — agitation — 115, 488-89 — participation in the electoral struggle — 134, 141-42, 442, 445-46, 488-89, 507

— parliamentary activity — 425, 508 — and bourgeois parties — 413, 442, 444, 445-46, 488-89, 507 See also Socialist movement in France

G

Gens, gentile constitution—103, 132, 503,

515 See also Community (commune); Family and marriage; Society, primitive German Empire (after 1871) — 5 1 , 53, 149-

50, 213, 221-22, 343, 348, 485-86, 510 — political system — 435 — constitution — 34 — Reichstag —342, 417, 418 — Bonapartist character of Bismarck's politics — 51, 488 — suffrage —236, 341 — factory legislation — 216-17, 241-42 — political parties of the ruling classes — 51, 119, 140, 141, 147, 149, 150, 234-35, 282, 311, 316, 333, 342-43, 345, 363, 389, 428, 438, 502, 553 — home policy, domestic situation —

34, 35, 53, 135, 140-41, 147-49, 213, 266, 335, 434-35, 468, 473, 484, 510 — police — 8 1 , 98-99, 141, 435 — Anti-Socialist Law (1878-90)— 34,

35, 98-99, 139, 141-42, 148, 213, 216, 217, 232, 242, 278, 304, 526 — Kulturkampf — 345, 434, 511 — revolutionary situation in the 1880s —51-52, 335, 516 — colonial policy — 192, 199-200 — foreign policy — 53-54, 69, 211, 484, 485-86, 513, 516-18 — and England —485-86 — and France — 53, 514 — and Romania — 53 — and Russia — 148, 256, 335, 360, 378, 417, 466-67, 484, 486, 488, 493, 509-10, 516-18 — and Serbia — 53, 513 — and Spain — 53 See also Bourgeoisie, German; Peasantry, German; Petty bourgeoisie — in Germany;

Working class in Germany German philosophy—105, 173, 491

See also Hegel, Hegelianism German Social Democracy — 26-27, 126, 211, 213, 419 — Gotha congress of 1875, foundation of the united Socialist Workers' Party — 2 1 , 22 — Gotha programme, its critique by Marx and Engels — 146 — struggle against Dühringianism (1876-78) —126, 250 — under the Anti-Socialist Law (1878-90), policy and tactics of— 21, 27, 53, 81, 99-100, 114, 115, 141, 144-46, 148-50, 165, 167, 169, 188, 213, 216-18, 223, 225, 269, 274, 286-87, 291, 436, 534 — Copenhagen congress (1883) — 14, 21 — struggle against the reformist wing in 1870-80 — 21-23, 27, 32, 36, 55-56, 80-81, 123-24, 130, 141, 144-46, 149-50, 153-54, 165, 169, 184, 188, 199, 216, 217, 225, 231-32, 245, 257-58, 267-71, 275, 282-86, 290, 296, 300-01, 303, 306-08, 314-16, 340, 353, 387-88, 418, 427, 433-34, 437, 442, 446, 449, 487-88, 497, 509 — its revolutionary proletarian wing —99, 144-45, 151, 169, 188, 199, 201-02, 217, 225, 231, 232, 290, 307-08, 314, 316, 340 — leaders and masses — 22, 27, 99, 124, 130, 144, 152, 169, 188, 217, 267-68, 316, 340 — participation in the elections (general principles) —140, 169, 198-99, 209-10, 213, 342 — participation in the election campaign in the 1880s —53, 115, 149, 152, 184, 192, 209-10, 213, 216, 217, 221, 225, 245 — parliamentary activities, fac-

tions — 20-22, 149, 154, 199, 210, 216-17, 221, 231-32, 235, 239-43, 245, 267-70, 275, 282-85, 290, 296, 303, 307-08, 314, 353, 361, 387, 388, 409, 418, 427, 433-34, 437, 442 — the press and publishing activities— 27, 144-45, 163, 169, 268, 285, 329-30 — scientific and theoretical activity — 240-41-— and trade unions and strikes — 242 — and peasantry and agrarian question — 235, 239, 241-42, 353, 389 — and bourgeois parties — 140, 148, 216, 231, 232 — and the army —235, 236, 343 — and prospects of a revolution in Germany —35, 235, 236, 354-55, 487-88 — and socialist parties in other countries — 95, 126, 130, 225, 303, 331, 409, 414-15, 425, 437, 442 — Marx and Engels as representatives and leaders of the party — 36, 235 — its role in the international socialist movement of the last third of the 19th century —36, 198-99, 211, 213-14, 342 German Workers' Educational Society in London— 261-62 — after 1874 — 95, 119, 209-10 Germany — 53, 81-82, 98-99, 213, 270,

348, 391, 482, 484 — survivals of feudalism and their li-quidation— 51, 234 — fragmentation, and the task of unification of — 217, 221-22 — industry —79, 81-82, 199-200, 213-14, 232-34, 254-56, 338 — industrial revolution — 199-200, 214, 232-34, 260 — agriculture, agricultural relations — 81, 214, 232-33, 235 — foreign trade —79, 81, 199-200, 214, 233, 254-55, 285, 349, 402 — bureaucracy — 468, 510 — Philistinism —213, 268, 287, 296, 300-01, 308, 427, 442 — bourgeois liberals in the 1840s-60s —222, 234 — democrats, democratic movement — 119, 234-35 — science — 191, 348 — education — 343 — and Russia — 484 See also Emigration; German Empire; Prussia; Revolution of 1848-49 in Germany; Working class in Germany; Working-class movement in Germany Gold and silver — 2$, 377, 378 See also Monetary market; Money Greenback Labor Party (USA)—401

H

Handicrafts, handicraftsmen — 81, 155-56,

214 Hegel, Hegelianism — 35, 281, 348, 356,

438 — and Marxism — 126, 187, 189 Historical approach— 119, 156, 193, 194 Historical materialism, materialist understanding of history—103, 115, 116, 127, 133, 528-29 See also Class (es); Class struggle; Historical approach; History Historical sources — 295-97, 337, 339, 421-22, 498-500 Historiography— 103, 115-16, 133, 178-79,

207, 337, 345, 346-47, 362, 398-99, 422 — formation and development of the Marxist school of history — 132, 133, 194, 251, 305-06, 422, 467, 475, 498-502, 528 See also History (as a science) History — 343, 519

See also Historical approach; Historical materialism, materialist understanding of history; 'Irony of history'; Working class History (as a science) — 103, 132-33, 305-06 See also Historical materialism, materialist understanding of history; Historio-graphy Holland— 57, 82-83, 102-03, 372, 397

Housing question — 259, 475

I

Ideological struggle in the working-class movement— 10-11, 145-46, 151-52, 198-99, 257-58, 290, 300-01, 307, 318 See also Marxism — attitude towards opportunism and reformism India— 103, 179, 253-55 Industrial reserve army—141, 407, 408-09 Industrial revolution — 214, 259

See also Large-scale industry; Machinery Industry — see Cottage industry; Factory, factory system; Handicrafts, handicraftsmen; Large-scale industry; Machinery; Manufacture Instruments of production—156, 179, 181, 338 See also Means of production Interests— 117', 194, 389, 491 International socialist and workers' congresses and conferences — international workers' conference

in Paris (1883)—64, 95-96 See also Socialist movement, international Internationalism, proletarian — 225, 415 Ireland— 361, 364, 367, 398 •Irony of history'— 34-35, 281, 288, 348 Italy — 24, 179, 514

J

Junkers, Prussian— 138, 388, 468, 516 See also Nobility, aristocracy, German

K

Knights of Labor (USA)—470, 491, 525, 530, 532, 541-42

L

Labour aristocracy — 54-55, 64, 260

See also Reformism; Trade unionism; Trade unions in England Land — 156, 234-35, 389 See also Land rent; Landed property; Nationalisation of land Land rent

— as a subject of Marx's studies — 29, 88, 264-65, 289-90, 293-94, 348-50, 522 — in Rodbertus' theory — 102, 138, 204 See also Landed property; Nationalisation of land Landed property —82-83, 102-03, 132, 179-

80, 239, 389 Language—!, 43, 49, 90, 173-74, 275-76,

291, 292, 333, 363, 397, 440 — English —363, 396 — French —37, 333, 363, 431 — German —49, 90, 113, 173, 174, 291, 333, 396, 440 — Italian —37, 49, 290, 292, 363 — Russian — 113; see also Russia — Marx's and Engels' study of the Russian language Large-scale industry — 23, 81-82, 156, 178, 213-14, 232-33, 259, 338, 428, 450-51, 465 See also Cottage industry; Factory, factory system; Industrial reserve army; Industrial revolution; Machinery Lassalleanism, Lassalleans—35, 225, 305 — demand of state assistance to workers' cooperatives — 241, 389 — concept of'one reactionary mass'— 34-35, 149, 234, 235 See also German Social Democracy —

Gotha congress of 1875, foundation of the united Socialist Workers' Party; German Social Democracy — Gotha programme, its critique by Marx and Engels Law (right) — 156, 221-23 'Left' opportunism — see Anarchism, anarchists; Bakuninism, Bakuninists Liberal Parly (England)— 54-55, 121-22

— general characteristic — 303, 314-15, 317, 345, 361 See also England (Great Britain) —

political parties of the ruling classes; Parliament, English Literature—25, 33, 37, 42, 90, 92, 161, 286-87, 290-91, 320, 356-58, 440 — English —95, 194, 224, 238, 239, 427 — French — 71, 167, 320, 427 — German —30, 48, 92, 165, 253, 320, 356-58 — Italian —48, 357 — old German —226, 498 — old Norse —224, 226 — Russian —48, 158, 357 — Spanish —48, 357 Loans (state) —109, 338-39, 359-60, 364-

65, 516 London — 355-56, 458 Lorraine — 503, 514

See also Alsace

M

Machinery — 82, 156, 181, 233 Manchester school, Manchesters— 184

— new Manchester school — 361, 389, 407 'Manifesto of the Communist Party' by Marx

and Engels— 10, 299 See also Marxism Manufacture — 61, 76, 101, 465 Market

— and economic crises — 23, 340, 349-50, 365, 390, 396-97, 402, 407, 428 See also Monetary market; Trade (commerce); World market Marx, Karl— 36, 351

— Engels on Marx and his role in the international working-class movement— 17-19, 26, 33, 40, 213, 214, 234, 264-66, 283, 316, 416 See also 'Capital' by Karl Marx; German Social Democracy—Marx and Engels as representatives and leaders of the party; 'Manifesto of the Communist Party' by Marx and Engels; Marxism; Marxist philosophy; Marxist political economy; Russia Marxism — 54, 214, 234, 270, 279, 471 — component parts of— 126-27, 270-71, 280, 464-65 — shaping, major stages in its development — 136-37, 393 — creative nature of — 391, 530-31, 541-42 — dissemination of its ideas — 54, 111-12, 115, 126-27, 194, 211,280, 363, 469-70, 507 — attitude towards opportunism and reformism — 165, 270, 285, 307 See also Dialectics; Engels, Frederick; Historical materialism, materialist understanding of history; Marx, Karl; Marxist philosophy; Marxist political economy Marxist philosophy—128-29

See also Historical materialism, materialist understanding of history Marxist political economy—182-83, 214, 270-71, 393 — and bourgeois and petty-bourgeois political economy — 157, 163, 181-83, 214, 264, 267, 279-81, 297 See also 'Capital' by Karl Marx; 'Capital', Volume I; 'Capital', Volume II; 'Capital', Volume HI; 'Capital', Volume, IV Materialism—132, 173 See also Dialectics; Historical materialism, materialist understanding of history Mathematics—124, 296 — Marx's and Engels'studies of — 39, 43 Means of communication — 239, 241-42, 335, 353, 376, 388, 419, 450 Means of production— 156, 157, 193, 390 Mode of production— 141, 157, 194, 274-75 Monetary market—340, 365

See also Gold and silver; Market; Money; World market Money— 157, 180-81

— metallic —377-78 — credit —88, 338-39, 377-78 —- quantity in circulation — 76, 401 — depreciation — 378, 401, 516 — and wages — 365, 401

— on the significance of Marx's theory of money— 154 — on the analysis of money in Marx's Capital — 89, 154 Money capital—340, 365

N

Napoleonic wars—339 Narodism, Narodniks in Russia — 74, 112,

148, 158, 256, 275, 280, 281, 338, 378, 485-86, 520 Nationalisation of land—82, 239, 389 Natural science

— Marx's and Engels' studies of — 43, 126, 328 Nobility, aristocracy, German — 234, 354, 510 See also Junkers, Prussian; Revolution of 1848-49 in Germany

O

Opportunism (in socialist movement) —22, 150 — its essence and social roots — 151, 165, 184, 199, 217, 270, 295-96, 300-01, 306-07, 437 — distortion of revolutionary theory, programme, tactics and organisa-tional principles of the proletarian party —22, 145, 164-65, 258, 259, 268-70, 307 See also Reformism; Trade Unionism Oriental (Eastern) question, the — 485-86,

505, 512-18 See also Russo-Turkish war, 1877-78 Owenism, Owenites—184, 422

P

Panslavism — 486, 488 Paris— 107, 342, 356 Paris Commune of 1871 — 74, 119, 211 Parliament (in bourgeois state)

— use of parliament by working-class representatives— 198-99, 235, 239-42, 308, 413-14 Parliament, English —300, 345, 361, 364, 367 See also England (Great Britain) Party, political — 221

— bourgeois — 343, 525; see also England (Great Britain)—political parties of the ruling classes; Liberal Party (England); German Empire (after 1871)—political parties of the ruling classes Parly, proletarian—22-23, 27, 32, 145, 150, 223, 235, 236, 239, 242, 284-85, 290, 296, 306-08, 343, 434-35, 503, 532, 541-42 — importance of revolutionary theory forits practical activity — 280, 441, 541 — its programme, aims of struggle —

146, 542 — agrarian programme — 241-42, 388-89 — its internationalism — 225, 414 — struggle within the party — 145-46, 151, 199, 258-59, 290, 300-01, 307, 316 — struggle against reformism and opportunism — 32, 145-46, 150-51, 164-65, 169, 199, 217-18, 258-59, 270, 296, 300-01, 306-07, 317-18, 427, 437 — struggle against sectarianism and dogmatism —408, 531, 539, 541-42 — its tactics— 22,95, 96-97, 108, 140, 149, 217-18, 223, 235, 240-42, 280, 285, 299, 303, 331, 343-44, 367, 370, 388, 425, 435, 444, 541-42 — its parliamentary tactics, significance of its members' speeches in parliament —21-23, 140, 169, 235, 239-42, 367, 388-89, 409, 425, 429-30 — and masses —23, 27, 99, 145, 169, 217-18, 308, 444, 446, 532 — and various opposition parties — 343, 427, 429-30 — propaganda, agitation — 99, 363, 464-65, 499

— struggle against the threat of war, for maintenance of peace — 343, 363, 487, 519-20 — after the proletariat's coming to power — 235, 388-89, 391-92 See also Communists, communist movement; Marxism Peasant war in Germany, 1524-25—217, 244 Peasantry— 119, 179-80, 235, 388-89

See also Community (commune); Peasantry, German; Peasantry, peasant movements in Russia Peasantry, German — 214, 233, 235, 353,

388 See also Germany; Peasant war in Germany, 1524-25 Peasantry, peasant movements in Russia —

122-23, 338, 520 See also Community (commune) Petty bourgeoisie—119, 223, 497

— in England — 317 — in France —330, 497 — in Germany —223, 497 See also Peasantry; Socialism (theories and trends) — petty-bourgeois Philosophy — 126-27, 194, 432 See also Dialectics; Historical materialism, materialist understanding of history; Marxist philosophy; Materialism Physiocrats— 180, 184 Poetry

— proletarian —92, 160, 286, 287 — English —92, 224, 238, 286-87 — German —33, 47, 160, 286-87, 433 See also Literature Political economy—163, 182, 271-72, 297, 348 See also Bourgeois political economy; Marxist political economy; Physiocrats; Ricardian school in bourgeois political economy; Ricardian Socialists; Vulgar bourgeois political economy Possibilism, Possibilisls

— as opportunist trend in the French socialist movement — 64, 141, 320, 425, 430, 431, 442 See also Socialist movement in France— during the Third Republic (from 1871); French Workers' Party Press, the

— socialist press — 285, 307 Prevision, forecast— 23, 64-66, 75, 82, 354,

391-92, 481-87, 497 Primitive accumulation of capital

— its analysis in Marx's Capital— 194, 465 Productive forces—157, 401 Profit— 16, 24-25, 54-55, 163, 166, 180, 181-82, 209-10, 226, 233, 256-57 See also Average rate of profit; Land rent; Rate of profit; Surplus value Protectionism — 255, 361, 402, 407 Proudhonism, Proudhonists

— Proudhon as a French socialist thinker of the 1840s — 116-17 — Proudhonism as a form of the pre-Marxian socialism — 410 — criticism of Proudhon's economic views — 158, 208 — Proudhonism as a trend in the French working-class movement in the 1860s-70s —208, 342, 343, 354, 410, 429, 470 Prussia— 137, 221-22, 270, 371-72, 388, 468-69, 484, 513 — and the French Revolution and Napoleonic wars — 339 — in 1815-early 1848 — 34, 137 — finance, budget, taxes — 148, 339 — bureaucracy —397-98, 468-69 — and Germany —221, 485-86 See also German Empire; German Social Democracy; Germany; Working-class movement in Germany Putsch, putschism—149, 2g7

See also Adventurism; Bakuninism, Bakuninists; Blanquism, Blanquists

R

Radicalism, radicals

— as bourgeois and petty-bourgeois political trend —226-27, 300, 317, 321, 343, 497; see also England— radicals; France — Radicals — bourgeois radicals and working-

class movement — 98, 149, 267-68, 269-71, 321, 326, 331, 343, 354, 364, 409-14, 424, 428-29, 441-42, 470, 489, 508 Rate of profit— 89, 348, 522-23

See also Average rate of profit; Profit Rate of surplus value

— and rate of profit —89, 348-49, 522-23 See also Exploitation of labour power by capital Reformism— 16, 54-55, 63-64, 341, 449, 450-51, 533 See also Lassalleanism, Lassalleans; Opportunism (in socialist movement); Party, proletarian — struggle against reformism and opportunism; Possibilism, Possibilists; Proudhonism, Proudhonists; Trade unionism Religion— 173, 416, 491, 533 See also Contradiction Republic, bourgeois — 74, 119-20

— and class struggle — 51, 120, 470-71 — and working class, working-class movement —51-52, 119-20,470-71 See also Democracy, bourgeois (state and political system); France; Revolution of 1848 in France. Second Republic; United States of America Revolution — 52, 74, 221-23, 234, 280, 343, 354 See also Revolutionary situation, revolutionary crisis; Revolution, bourgeois, bourgeois-democratic; Revolution, permanent; Revolution, proletarian, socialist; Revolution, social; War(s) — and revolution and revolutionary movement Revolution, bourgeois, bourgeois-democratic— 223, 234, 281 — as a step to the proletarian revolution — 35, 343, 487-88 See also Revolution of 1848-49 in Europe; Revolution, permanent; Revolution, social Revolution, economic — 214 See also Industrial revolution Revolution of 1848-49 in Europe — 223, 338 See also Revolution of 1848-49 (in different countries) Revolution of 1848 in France. Second Republic— 52, 140-41, 234 Revolution of 1848-49 in Germany — 221-22, 233, 234, 350-51, 499-500 Revolution, permanent — 34-35, 51-52, 149, 281, 487-88 — bourgeois-democratic — 34-35, 281, 343, 487-88 — proletarian revolution — 34-35, 51-52, 119-20, 149, 343, 487-88 Revolution, proletarian, socialist—10, 74, 223, 235, 236, 343, 389 See also Communism; Internationalism, proletarian; Paris Commune of 1871; Revolution, permanent; Revolution, social; Transitional period from capitalism to communism (socialism) Revolution, social—10, 214

See also Revolution; Revolution, bourgeois, bourgeois-democratic; Revolution, proletarian, socialist Revolutionary situation, revolutionary crisis — Wl, 471 See also Revolution Ricardian school in bourgeois political economy— 127-28, 184 Ricardian Socialists—126, 156, 163, 194, 208 Right to wort — 141-42, 150 Russia (Russian Empire)

— after 1861 — 279-81, 338, 366 — development of capitalism — 280-81, 338, 366, 401 —- industry —277, 281, 338 — finances— 112, 277, 338, 366, 378, 401, 516 — internal and foreign loans — 109-10, 148, 338-39, 359-60, 365, 366, 377-78, 516 — students, youth —68, 279-80, 281 — science, literature, culture — 156, 357 — revolutionary-critical thought in the 19th century — 111, 156, 279-80

— revolutionary terror of the Narodniks —279-81 — beginning of dissemination of Marxism — 42, 74, 89, 93, 111, 112-13, 115, 126, 158, 279-80, 432 — development of revolutionary situation in the 1870s-80s — 65, 74, 99, 109, 112, 148, 234, 279-80, 338, 378, 487, 488, 504, 505, 509, 516-20 — possibilities for a revolution and its international significance — 99, 109, 234, 452, 487, 488, 505, 509, 516, 519 — Marx's and Engels' study of the Russian language — 48, 112-13, 278, 279, 281, 364 — Marx and Engels on their study of Russian literature on economics and social relations in Russia — 68, 88, 100, 112-13, 277, 339, 401, 488 — Marx's and Engels' contacts with Russian men of letters in the 1870s-early 1880s —260, 293-94, 349 — Engels and Russian men of letters in the 1880s — 102, 129, 158, 260, 265, 276-78, 289, 293-94, 318-19, 322, 348-50, 400-02, 521 — foreign policy and diplomacy in the late 19th century — 256, 466-67, 473-74, 485, 509, 512-19 — and Bulgaria —329, 466, 485, 503-04, 513-15, 517 — and England —256, 514 — and France —485-86, 518-19 . — and Germany — 148, 256, 338, 360, 466-67, 484, 509, 510, 516-17 — and Turkey —485-, 505, 513, 515, 518 See also Army — Russian; Bourgeoisie, Russian; Emancipation of Labour group, first Russian Marxist organisation; Maro-dism, Narodniks in Russia; Peasantry, peasant movements in Russia Russo-Turkish war, 1877-78 — 339, 512-14 S

Saint-Simonism, Saint-Simonists—185 Science—56, 116-17, 158, 183, 191, 240, 301, 348, 356 — Marx as a scientist — 264 See also History (as a science); Natural science; Political economy; Philosophy Serbia, Serbs — 503, 513-15, 517

See also Serbo-Bulgarian war, 1885-86 Serbo-Bulgarian war, 1885-86— 329, 353, 363-64, 378, 417, 485, 488, 514-21 Seven Years' War, 1756-63 — 221 Singular, particular and universal—389, 464-65 Slave trade — 56-57, 194 Slavophilism, Slavophiles — 515-16 See also Panslavism Slavs — 503, 515 Social-Democratic Association of the Mether-lands— see Working-class and socialist movement in the Netherlands Social Democratic Federation (England, 1884) —525-26, 529, 533-34 — criticism of its sectarianism — 199, 238, 245, 248, 320, 341-42, 366-70, 384-85, 394-95, 403-04, 406-07, 427-28, 433-34, 443, 446, 471, 492, 529, 534 — split in the Federation (December 1884)— 237-38, 245, 247, 376 — its Left wing —238, 368 See also Democratic Federation; Socialist League; Socialist movement in England Socialism (theories and trends)

— pre-Marxian —211, 214, 412-13, 507 — Christian —238, 342, 423-24 — bourgeois — 199, 469-70 — petty-bourgeois — 199, 208, 296, 300-01, 307, 314, 449, 469-70; see also Lassalleanism, Lassalleans; Proudhonism, Proudhonists — proletarian — 51 — vulgar —58, 80 — sentimental — 484-85 — eclectic — see Socialism, socialists

in France—eclectic socialism in the 1870s-80s — petty-bourgeois socialism of Louis Blanc —342, 354, 413, 429, 470 — pseudosocialism of Rodbertus — 101, 111, 126, 138, 156, 163, 188-89, 194, 208, 211, 385 — and bourgeois political economy — 126, 163, 194 See also Communism in Germany (theories and trends); Marxism; Ricardian Socialists; Socialism in Germany; Socialism, socialists in England; Socialism, socialists in France; Socialism, socialists in Russia; Socialism, Utopian; Socialist movement,, international; 'State socialism' Socialism in Germany—16, 79, 192, 296 See also Communism in Germany (theories and trends) Socialism, socialists in England—163, 194, 438 — dissemination of socialist ideas in the late 19th century — 115, 195 See also Social Democratic Federation; Socialist League; Socialist movement in England Socialism, socialists in France — 211, 442

— eclectic socialism in the 1870s-90s —342, 343, 356, 413, 414, 429, 469-70 See also Fourierism, Fourierisls; French Workers' Party; Possibilism, Possibilists; Proudhonism, Proudhonists; Socialism (theories and trends) — petty-bourgeois socialism of Louis Blanc Socialism, socialists in Russia — 111, 158 See also Emancipation of Labour Group, first Russian Marxist organisation; Narodism, JVarodniks in Russia Socialism, Utopian—194, 413

See also Fourierism, Fourierists; Owenism, Owenites; Saint-Simonism, Saint-Simonists Socialist Labor Party of the United States (from 1876)—415-16, 441, 491, 530 See also Socialist movement in the USA Socialist league (England, from late 1884) —245, 248, 275, 320-21, 395, 431, 434, 443, 446, 450-51, 470, 492, 526, 529, 534 Socialist legislation — see Factory legislation Socialist movement in England—54, 105, 367, 370, 395, 433-34, 437, 470, 492, 529-30 See also Social Democratic Federation; Socialist League Socialist movement in France

— during the Third Republic (from 1871) —112, 115, 149, 331, 333, 342, 343, 354, 412-14, 425, 429, 442, 444, 445, 449, 469, 470, 478, 488-89, 493, 507 — socialist faction in the National Assembly — 412-15, 418, 425, 429-31, 441, 442, 444, 469 — its theoretical level — 141, 333, 342, 354, 507 See also French Workers' Party; Possibilism, Possibilists; Socialism, socialists in France; Working-class movement in France Socialist movement in the Netherlands — see Working-class and socialist movement in the Netherlands Socialist movement in Russia — see Socialism, socialists in Russia Socialist movement in the USA — 44, 114, 197-98, 469, 491, 530-32 See also Socialist Labor Party of the United States; Working-class movement in the USA Socialist movement, international (after the First International)—98, 446, 470 See also International socialist and workers' congresses and conferences; Party, proletarian; Socialist movement (in different countries); Working-class movement Society — 85-86, 103, 156 Society, bourgeois — 85-86, 141, 156

See also Capitalist mode of production; Exploitation of labour power by capital; State, bourgeois Society, primitive—103, 106, 133, 156 See also Communism, primitive; Commu-

nity (commune); Gens, gentile constitution Song — 286-87, 433

— Marseillaise — 286, 287 State, the— 10, 74, 86, 343, 354

See also State, bourgeois State, bourgeois— 10, 86, 241-42, 354 State property — K2, 241-42, 388-89

See also Nationalisation of land; 'State socialism' 'State socialism'—82, 102-03

— Prussian —82, 102-03, 111, 140, 151, 189, 235, 348, 384, 417, 427 See also Lassalleanism, Lassalleans; Socialism (theories and trends) — pseudosocialism of Rodbertus Statistics — 43, 184, 294, 336 Stock exchange — 56, 191, 270, 365 Strikes, strike movement—434, 507 Surplus value—16, 24-25, 163, 179-80, 181-82, 225 — in Ricardo's theory — 166, 209-10 — in Rodbertus' theory— 163, 166, 209-10, 262 See also Land rent; Profit; Rate of surplus value

T

Tactics of the proletarian class struggle — 96-97, 223, 279-80, 297, 541, 542 — during the parliamentary elections and within parliament — 140, 141-42, 169, 223, 241, 242, 388, 389; see also Parliament (in bourgeois state) — use of parliament by working-class representatives See also Class struggle; Communists, communist movement; German Social Democracy; Revolution, proletarian, socialist; Socialist movement, international; Working-class movement Tenant, lease— 179-80, 239, 388 Terrorism — see Russia (Russian Empire)— revolutionary terror of the Narodniks Theory and practice—141, 158, 182-83, 202, 214, 279-80, 349, 378-79, 390, 393, 441, 464-65, 470, 491, 507, 530, 533, 541 See also Marxism Trade (commerce) — 199-200, 234, 387,

428 See also World market Trade unionism — 340-41, 450, 451

See also Reformism Trade unions in England—54-55, 57, 82, 341-42, 364, 388, 450, 451 See also Working-class movement in England Trade unions, trade-union movement

— and proletarian party — 242 — critique of the views of the reformist trade-union leaders — 55, 57, 170, 341, 449-50, 451 See also Trade unions in England Transitional period from capitalism to communism (socialism) —10, 77, 119-20, 235, 242, 388-89, 503 See also Party, proletarian — after the proletariat's coming to power Treaty of San Stefano (1878) — see Russo-

Turkish war, 1877-78 'True socialism'— 37, 257-59, 300-01 Tsarism, autocracy in Russia — 281, 338,

452, 488, 509, 516 See also Emancipation of Labour group, first Russian Marxist organisation; Naro-

dism, Narodniks in Russia Turkey — 503-04, 505, 510, 513, 514, 515,

518 See also Oriental (Eastern) question, the

U

Uneven development of capitalism — 259,

349 See also Economic crises United Labor Party (USA) — 525 United States of America, the — 55, 73, 120,

259, 343, 391, 396, 465, 470, 491, 525, 533, 540

— development of capitalism — 259, 380, 395-97 Utopism — 141, 176-77, 208, 344, 391-93 See also Communism, Utopian; Socialism, Utopian

V

Value— 126, 157, 163, 180-81, 194

See also Money Vulgar bourgeois political economy — 24-25, 166, 174, 181-84, 209-10, 224, 348, 389-90, 401, 452

W

Wages — 180-81, 277, 365, 401, 429 — labourers in the cottage industry — 79, 82, 214, 233 — and working day — 225, 276-77, 450 — their reduction below the normal level — 8 1 , 199-200 — and money — 365, 401 War (s) —485

— and politics — 517-18 — consequences of wars of conquest, their influence on the economic and social development — 354, 487, 488 — and revolution and revolutionary movement —354, 363, 484, 487, 488, 509-10, 517-20 — and the working-class movement — 354, 363, 486-88, 509-10, 518-20 — threat of war in the last third of the 19th century —353, 363, 485-86, 517-20 See also Army; Austro-Prussian war, .1866; Napoleonic wars; Russo-Turkish war, 1877-78; Seven Tears' War, 1756-63 Working class^W, 85, 119, 157, 259, 497 See also Agricultural workers; Class struggle; Internationalism, proletarian;

Party, proletarian; Revolution, proletarian, socialist; Working class (in different countries); Working-class movement (in different countries) Working class in England—54-55, 343 — and its representatives in Parliament and local government — 300, 341, 364 See also Labour aristocracy; Socialist movement in England; Trade unions in England; Working-class movement in England Working class in France—140-41, 342

— during the Third Republic — 410, 425, 469-71 See also Paris Commune of 1871; Working-class movement in France Working class in Germany — 53, 99, 211, 223, 234, 308 — in the 1880s — 53, 99, 199, 211, •223, 308 — agricultural proletariat — see also Agricultural workers See also Working-class movement in Germany Working class in Russia — 365 Working class in the USA— 441, 449 See also Working-class movement in the USA Working-class movement — 81, 225, 434-35, 446, 497, 541-42 — its immediate and ultimate objecti-ves — 119, 533 — stages of development — 450-51, 469-70 — and revolutionary theory — 214, 507, 541; see also Marxism •— significance of workers' struggle for electoral rights and of their parliamentary activity — 53, 198, 210-11, 213, 217, 341, 371, 417, 425, 441-42, 469-70, 542 — actions against wars, militarism and annexations — 354, 363, 486-88, 509, 518-20 — working-class movement in the period between the disbandment of

the First and the founding of the Second International — 354, 363, 507 See also Chartism, Chartist movement; Class struggle; Ideological struggle in the working-class movement; Party, proletarian; Socialist movement (in different countries); Strikes, strike movement; Tactics of the proletarian class struggle; Trade unions, trade-union movement; Working class; Working-class movement (in different countries) Working-class movement in England

— in the 1870s-early 1880s — 16, 54, 75, 82, 317 — in the late 1880s —403-04, 407-08, 492-93, 534 — and reformism — 16, 54-55, 64, 300, 364 See also Chartism, Chartist movement; Labour aristocracy; Reformism; Socialist movement in England; Trade unions in England Working-class movement in France

— during the Third Republic (after the Paris Commune of 1871) — 141-42, 149, 409, 413-15, 425, 429, 430, 441-42, 469-70, 478, 488-89, 493, 507 — strike movement — 149, 409, 413, 425, 429, 430, 441-42, 469-70, 478, 488-89, 507 See also French Workers' Party; Paris Commune of 1871; Socialist movement in France Working-class movement in Germany—150, 214, 234, 304, 532 — during the Anti-Socialist Law — 140, 199, 232, 311-12, 534 See also German Social Democracy Working-class movement in the USA — 114, 441, 446, 449, 451, 464-66, 469-70, 491, 524-25, 530-33, 537-38, 541 See also Greenback Labor Party (USA); Knights of Labor (USA); Socialist movement in the USA; United Labor Party (USA)

Working-class and socialist movement in the

Netherlands —6, 371-72 Working day—\27-28, 216-17, 225, 276-78, 449 See also Female labour

World market — and competition — 23, 54-55, 79, 81-82, 199-200, 204, 213, 214, 259, 349-50, 390, 396-97, 402, 407-09, 428 See also Market; Monetary market