Subject Index

A

Alliance of Socialist Democracy—see International Alliance of Socialist Democracy Anarchism—63, 351, 434 — in Italy — 207 — in Russia — 434 — anarchists' congresses — 157, 166, 173, 184, 214 See also Bakuninism Apology — 304 Armchair socialists—252, 367 Army— 271, 428

— French —246 —Romanian — 188 —Russian — 182, 183, 186-88, 232-33 —Turkish — 182, 188, 249, 271 Austria— 296-98, 353, 356

See also Working-class movement in Austria Authority

—elimination of superstitious belief in — 288

B

Bakuninism — 9, 41, 132, 214, 259, 306 —and the International — 5, 155 —in Belgium — 42, 214 —in Italy — 35, 155, 184, 214 —in Spain — 155, 214 —in Switzerland — 183, 200, 214

— Bakuninists' congresses — 42-43, 48, 157, 166, 173, 184 See also Anarchism; International Alliance of Socialist Democracy; Socialist Congress in Ghent, 1877 Belgium—356

See also Working-class movement in Belgium Biology—78 Bonapartism

—Bismarck's — 314-15 —in France —23, 30, 57, 235, 246, 294 Bourgeoisie— 60, 61, 242-44, 246, 404,

405, 423 —bourgeois liberalism — 63 Bourgeoisie, English—183, 298 Bourgeoisie, French—234 Bourgeoisie, German—24, 190, 332, 351,

384 Bourgeoisie, Russian—384 Bourgeois political economy—58, 90, 108,

153, 208, 328, 452 Bulgaria—182

C

Capital— 452 'Capital' by Karl Marx— 287, 366 —second German edition of Volume

One — 58, 276, 282 —second Russian edition of Volume One — 343, 346 —French edition of Volume One— 16, 26, 28, 56, 57, 58, 92, 114, 276, 282, 343, 346 —preparation of the second volume — 17-18, 115, 162, 354, 432 — popularisation of its ideas — 124, 125, 193, 276, 366 Capitalist mode of production—346, 355-

57, 366 Class(es)—109, 346

—abolition of class distinctions — 64 See also Bourgeoisie; Class struggle; Peasantry; Petty bourgeoisie; Working class Classical political economy—209, 260-61,

452 Class struggle—108, 366, 384, 402-04, 406-08 Coalitions— 99 Communism, Icarian (Cabet's) — 99 Communism (social formation)—62-64, 109, 197, 450 Conservative Party (England)—299 Crimean war, 1853-56 (Paris Treaty, 1856)—18, 298, 389 Criticism— 242, 314, 421

—methods of — 107, 109

D

Darwinism—106-08, 313, 316 See also Struggle for existence Democracy

—bourgeois — 402, 406 —petty-bourgeois — 61, 63, 65 Dialectics—122 Dühring, teaching of—119, 122-23, 130-31, 139, 186, 256

E

Eastern (Oriental) question, the—118, 122-23, 161, 163, 182, 186, 192, 216, 223, 278 See also Crimean war, 1853-56; Russo-

Turkish war, 1877-78 Economic crisis—78, 109, 212, 354

—in the 1870s — 78, 212, 218, 277, 344, 346, 354-55 Education

—the role of tradition — 215

Eisenachers—see German Social-Democracy Engels, Frederick— 175, 288

—in the 1870s — 50, 122-24, 139-40, 154, 162, 173, 175, 186, 189, 192, 227, 254, 257-59, 295, 306, 313, 361, 362, 378, 383-84, 386, 388, 394, 408, 411-13, 420, 429-32 See also Party, proletarian, socialist; Socialism, scientific; Working-class movement England (Great Britain) —economic development — 309, 358 —industry — 355 —railways — 355-56 —banks — 354-55 —economic crisis — 344, 354 —domestic situation — 24, 140, 155,

297, 340 —aristocracy — 298 — radicals — 157, 339, 360 —democratic movement — 155-57, 184, 292 —foreign policy, diplomacy — 18, 182, 296-97 See also Bourgeoisie, English; Conservative Party (England); Eastern (Oriental) question, the; Liberal Party (England); Trades unions in Britain; Working class in England; Working-class movement in England Europe —state system after 1815 — 297, 299 —danger of war in the 1870s — 18, 30, 100-03, 297, 384, 428, 431

F

Fleet

— Turkish — 186 France— 234, 239, 278, 297

—joint-stock companies — 245 —banks — 354 —railways — 355-56 —before 19th cent.—357-58 —in early 19th cent.—302 —Second Empire — 22-23, 233, 239,

278, 293, 294 —domestic situation, attempt at a

monarchist coup — 22-24, 30, 233-35, 245, 246, 278, 294 — peasantry — 294 —monarchists (Orleanists)—57 — Bonapartists — 22, 30, 57, 235, 246, 294 —bourgeois republicans — 239 See also Army—French; Bourgeoisie, French; Franco-Prussian war, 1870-71; Working class in France; Working-class movement in France Franco-Prussian war, 1870-71—61, 62, 297, 302, 384 Freedom— 63, 294, 423

G

General Association of German Workers—

6-7 See also German Social-Democracy; Lassalleanism; Working-class movement in Germany German People's Party— 61, 69, 95, 97 German Social-Democracy—60, 64, 100,

118, 283, 352, 401, 421, 430 —Social-Democratic Workers' Party (Eisenachers)—60, 69, 97 —critique by Marx and Engels of the draft programme and programme adopted in Gotha (May 1875)—60-66, 69-70, 94-95, 97-98 —Socialist Workers' Party before the introduction of the exceptional law against socialists — 117-18, 246, 249, 257, 259, 283-84, 288, 295 —during the operation of the exceptional law against socialists, struggle against reformist and petty-bourgeois socialism — 362, 364-65, 367, 373-74, 383-84, 386, 393, 401-08, 412, 413, 418-19, 422, 429-30, 432 —anarchist group of Johann Most— 360-63, 365, 383, 411, 433 — party congresses, their functions and resolutions — 248, 417-18 —participation in elections to Reichstag — 3, 6, 189, 190, 192, 195, 294, 352, 428, 431 —Social-Democratic group in Reichstag, its policy and tactics — 309, 325, 360, 399-404, 413-14, 417-18, 423 —internationalism of — 61

—press — 285, 367, 373, 379, 383-84,

386, 388, 393, 395-96, 400-01, 408, 411-12, 420, 429 —and bourgeois democracy — 402, 407 —and petty bourgeoisie — 61, 65, 384, 408, 425, 430 —and representatives of other classes —283, 294, 384, 406-08, 412, 419, 425 —and students — 283, 294, 384 —and peasantry — 195, 425 —anti-war position — 61, 62, 387, 389, 431 See also Lassalleanism, Lassalleans ; Working-class movement in Germany German Workers' Educational Society in London (1840-1918)—251, 360, 362, 365, 433 Germany— 212, 308-09, 408 —industrial revolution, industry— 308, 424 — state monopolies — 308, 309 —ruin of small-scale production—

309, 352 — protectionism — 423-24 —economic crisis — 353 —domestic policy, domestic situation — 24-25, 99, 228, 314-15, 352 — Kulturkampf— 25 —militarism — 389 —exceptional law against socialists (Anti-Socialist Law) —322, 323, 332, 349, 364, 389, 401, 428 —peasantry — 195 —foreign policy — 25, 155, 223, 278,

296, 326, 387 —and Russia — 22, 100, 155, 223,

278, 384, 387 See also Bonapartism—Bismarck's; Bourgeoisie, German; German Social-Democracy; Petty bourgeoisie, German; Prussia; Working class in Germany; Working-class movement in Germany

H History—109, 366, 431 —historical development — 7 —historical conflicts — 406 Holy Alliance— 298 I

Industry— 308, 355, 423 International Alliance of Socialist Democracy— 172, 199, 200, 214, 257 Internationalism of the working-class movement— 61, 173, 259, 405 International Working Men's Association (First International)—40, 41, 114, 154, 184, 408 — first programme documents — 42, 80-81 —and Paris Commune — 41 — Hague Congress (1872)—18, 41 —Geneva Congress (1873)—4-6 —General Council — 43-44, 50, 80,

184 —dissolution of (1876)—184 —in Austria — 30 —in Belgium — 41 —in England — 10, 29, 41 —in Switzerland — 4-5, 173 —in the USA — 8, 18, 43 See also Bakuninism—and the International Italy— 357

J

Joint-stock companies—246, 356 Jurassions—see Bakuninism

L

Labour

— productive — 209 Languages, linguistics— 74 Lassalleanism, Lassalleans—43, 49, 60, 62, 65, 70, 95, 96, 97, 100, 118, 297, 402, 403, 413 See also General Association of German Workers; German Social-Democracy ; Working-class movement in Germany Liberal Party (England)—140, 155, 190, 299 Literature

— German —136 — Irish — 371 — Russian — 137 Loanable capital—356 Logic—122 London— 211, 354-55

M

Malthusianism—62, 108 Man—109, 365 Marx, Karl— 95, 174, 288 —in the 1870s — 64, 122, 189, 205, 258, 275, 276, 383-84, 386, 388, 394, 408, 411-13, 416, 430-31, 447 —application for British naturalisation — 27, 29, 35 See also 'Capital' by Karl Marx; Party, proletarian, socialist; Socialism, scientific; Working-class movement Materialism—109, 283, 284, 366 Means of communication—356 Means of production—356 Metaphysics— 140 Monarchy —absolute — 260 Monopolies — state — 308-09

N

Narodism (Populism) in Russia—see Nihilists National question

—and working class — 111, 112 Nature—106-07 Nihilists—100, 387

O

Officials— 63 Owenism— 99, 262

P

Paris Commune of 1871—41, 60 Party, proletarian, socialist—257, 294, 373, 418, 424, 450 — programme of — 60-65, 72, 294 — theoretical discussions — 406, 430 — theory and practice — 421 —criticism of — 421 —congresses, their functions — 248, 257, 417-18 —internationalism of — 61-62 —and trade unions — 63 —press —285, 367, 383, 389, 393,

408, 419, 429 —tactics —60, 69, 154, 373-74, 399 —and representatives of other classes — 407-08, 425 See also German Social-Democracy; Socialism, scientific ; Working-class movement Peasantry— 357-58, 425 People's Party—see German People's Party Periodical, scientific— 241, 248, 257 Personality cult—100, 288 Petty bourgeoisie — 6\, 393, 405-08 Petty bourgeoisie, German—61, 223, 351 Petty-bourgeois socialism—see Socialism—

petty-bourgeois Philosophy—452

—German — 407 Physiocrats— 208-09, 452 Poland (Polish lands)—111, 278, 300 Polish question— 111, 112, 186, 278 Political economy— 265, 328, 452

See also Germany

Q

Quesnay's Tableau économique—208, 263-65

R

Railways—355-57 Reform— 405, 406, 423 Reformism (in socialist movement)—68,

242-44, 248-51, 259-60, 283, 373, 383, 404-06, 412-13 See also Socialism—petty-bourgeois Rent— 209 Reproduction— 208 Republic, bourgeois— 239 Revolution— 64, 366, 408

— prospects of, in Europe — see Russia—imminence of revolution, its international significance

Revolution of 1848-49 — 406, 430, 431 Revolution, proletarian, socialist—109, 366, 404, 407, 450 Russia—100, 167-68, 277, 278, 293, 357 —tsarism as a mainstay of European reaction — 428, 431 —domestic situation — 163, 164, 167, 190, 210, 234, 277, 293, 357, 386-87 —economic crisis — 216 — nobility — 384 —schools, universities — 33, 100, 278 —students — 100, 278 —revolutionary movement, persecution by the authorities — 35, 53, 210, 384 —imminence of revolution, its international significance — 100, 190, 192, 242, 277, 280, 295, 296, 351, 428, 431, 434 —foreign policy, diplomacy — 22, 210, 260, 300-01, 326, 387, 389 —and Germany — 23, 100, 155, 223, 278, 296, 384, 387 See also Army—Russian; Bourgeoisie, Russian; Crimean war, 1853-56; Eastern (Oriental) question, the; Russo-Turkish war, 1877-78 Russo-Turkish war, 1828-29 — 16$, 182, 243, 300-03 Russo-Turkish war, 1877-78—186, 187, 190, 221, 228, 232, 233, 234, 236-37, 239-42, 245, 247, 249-50, 255, 271-72, 278, 280, 282, 293-97, 300, 302,

323, 326, 384 —Berlin treaty of 1878 — 331 See also Eastern (Oriental) question,

the; Serbo-Montenegrin-Turkish war, 1876-77

S

Science

—freedom of — 63 — scientific criticism — 313 See also Periodical, scientific ; Philosophy ; Political economy ; Socialism, scientific ; Socialism (theory) Serbo-Montenegrin-Turkish war, 1876-77 — 130, 140, 296 Slavs—112, 177 Social crisis— 297, 298 Socialism, scientific— 284, 313, 362, 366,

402, 421, 431 Socialism (theory)

—pre-Marxian — 64, 99 —Utopian — 99, 284 — feudal — 99 —bourgeois — 99 — petty-bourgeois — 99, 403-07, 412, 413, 419, 430, 433 —vulgar — 243

See also Communism, Icarian (Cabet's); Owenism; Socialism, scientific; 'True socialism' Socialist Congress in Ghent, 1877—258,-277 Society—108 —bourgeois— 108-109, 308 —primitive — 109 —eastern — 236 — socialist — 64, 109, 197, 362, 366 State, the— 63-64, 239, 308-09 Strikes— 62, 99, 355, 360 Struggle for existence—91, 107-09 Surplus value—209 Switzerland—64, 401

See also Working-class movement in Switzerland System

—philosophical — 452

T

Theory and practice

—in the working-class movement— 421 Trade (commerce)—357 Trade unions—63

See also Trades unions in Britain Trades unions in Britain—6, 299, 360 —and the International — 41 'True socialism'—243, 407 Turkey—120, 123, 182, 188, 214, 216, 232, 234, 236, 240-41, 255, 260, 263, 280, 293, 296-300, 331 See also Army—Turkish; Eastern (Oriental) question, the; Fleet— Turkish; Russo-Turkish war, 1828-29; Russo-Turkish war, 1877-78; Serbo-Montenegrin-Turkish war, 1876-77

U

United States of America, the—18, 212,

251, 344, 356-58 See also Working-class movement in the

USA US Civil War, 1861-65 — 344, 357

V

Value

—theory of — 260-61 Vienna Congress of 1814-15 — 297, 298 Vulgar political economy—260-61, 328

W

Wages— 62, 90

— Lassallean 'iron law of wages'—62, 65, 97 War(s)

—danger of war in Europe — 18, 30, 100-03, 297, 384, 428, 431 See also Russo-Turkish war, 1877-78;

Serbo-Montenegrin-Turkish war, 1876-77 Women's question, women's movement—

198, 256 Working class— 64, 408, 423

— significance of trade amalgama-tions — 63 —and national question — 111, 112 See also Internationalism of the working-class movement; Party, proletarian, socialist; Revolution, proletarian, socialist; Working-class movement Working class in England — 299, 339-42 See also Working-class movement in England Working class in France — 234, 239, 294 See also Working-class movement in France Working class in Germany—6, 61-63 See also Working-class movement in Germany Working-class movement —internationalism of — 61, 173, 259,

405 —struggle for democratic rights— see Working-class movement in Belgium; Working-class movement in France; Working-class movement in Germany —struggle against militarism, annexa-tions and wars — 61, 62, 387, 389, 451 —and representatives of other classes — 407, 408 —in 1849-64 — 41-42 See also International Working Men's Association; Party, proletarian, socialist; Reformism (in socialist movement); Socialist Congress in Ghent, 1877 Working-class movement in Austria—6, 17, 30 See also International Working Men's Association—in Austria Working-class movement in Belgium—30, 156, 184, 199, 214 See also Bakuninism—in Belgium; International Working Men's Association—in Belgium Working-class movement in Bohemia—30 Working-class movement in Denmark—41,

121 Working-class movement in England—6, 17, 29, 41, 156, 157, 184, 360

See also International Working Men's Association—in England; Trades unions in Britain Working-class movement in France—18, 26, 29-30, 239, 258, 294, 363, 422 Working-class movement in Germany—17,

40, 43, 61, 63, 100, 223 See also German Social-Democracy ; Lassalleanism, Lassalleans Working-class movement in Hungary— 157 Working-class movement in Italy—30, 41,

155, 184, 200, 203, 214 See also Bakuninism—in Italy Working-class movement in Portugal—91,

99, 173-74 Working-class movement in Spain—30, 41, 154, 184, 214 See also Bakuninism—in Spain Working-class movement in Switzerland— 183, 214, 294-95, 306 See also Bakuninism—in Switzerland; International Working Men's Association—in Switzerland Working-class movement in the USA—8, 18, 251, 255