Name Index
A
Aberdeen, George Hamilton Gordon, Earl of (1784-1860)—British Tory statesman; leader of the Peelites from 1850; Foreign Secretary (1828-30, 1841-46); Prime Minister of the Coalition Government (1852-55).—108
Acton—one of Engels' acquaintances in Manchester.— 124
Airey, Richard, Lord Airey (1803-1881)—British general; quartermas-ter-general of the forces in the Crimea (1854-55) and of the whole British army (1855-65).—136
Alexander I (1777-1825)—Emperor of Russia (1801-25).—163
Alexander II (1818-1881)—Emperor of Russia (1855-81).—13-14, 22, 90,468, 552
Alexander of Macedon (Alexander the Great) (356-323 B.C.)—general and statesman of antiquity.—123
Ali Mehemet Pasha (1815-1871)— Turkish statesman, ambassador to London (1841-44), Foreign Minister (1846-52), Grand Vizier (July 1855-October 1856).—29
Allen—English physician, doctor of the Marx family.—191, 198, 310, 312, 315, 328, 330, 491
Allsop, Thomas (1795-1880)—English democrat, Chartist; was persecuted on suspicion of being an accomplice in Orsini's attempt on the life of Napoleon III in 1858; later collabo-rated with Marx in helping refugees of the Paris Commune.—276, 297
Ammonius Saccas (c. 175-c. 242)— Greek philosopher.—397 Anders, Albert August (the Laplander) (b. 1802)—German journalist; emigrated to London, member of the Communist League, a leader of the West End branch of the London German Workers' Educational Society (from the end of 1858).—440
Anglessey, Henry William Paget, Marquis of (1768-1854)—British general, field marshal from 1846; took part in the wars against Napoleonic France; Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland (1828-29, 1830-33), Master-General of the Ordnance (1827-28, 1846-52).—137
Anna (Anna Ivanovna) (1693-1740)— Empress of Russia (1730-40).—3
Anson, George (1797-1857)—British general, commander-in-chief of the British forces in India (1856-57).— 184
Anstey, Thomas Chùholm (1816-1873)— British lawyer and politician, radical M.P. (1847-52), Attorney General for Hong Kong (1854-59).—Ill, 115, 117, 120, 412
Appleton, William Henry (1814-1899)— American publisher, from 1848 head of D. Appleton and Company (New York); published The New American Cyclopaedia in 1858-63.—251, 266, 272, 274, 288, 337
Archimedes (c. 287-212 B.C.)—Greek mathematician and engineer.—75
Argout, Antoine Maurice Apollinaire, comte d' (1782-1858)—French statesman and financier, Director-General of the Bank of France (1834-57).— 152
Ariosto, Lodovico (1474-1533)—Italian poet of the Renaissance, author of L 'Orlando furioso.— Ill, 131
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)—Greek philosopher.—124, 226, 324, 397
Arminius (Hermann) the Cheruscan (17 B.C.-A.D. 21)—leader of the resistance of Germanic tribes to Roman rule, annihilated a Roman army in the Teutoburg Woods in A.D. 9.-366, 375
Armstrong, William George, Baron of Cragside (1810-1900)—English in-ventor of rifled cannon.—403
Arndt, Ernst Moritz (1769-1860)— German writer, historian and philologist; took part in the national struggle against Napoleonic rule; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right Centre) in 1848-49.-437
Arrighi de Casanova, duchesse de Padoue—wife of the French senator Ernest Louis Henri Hyacinthe Ar-righi de Casanova, duc de Padoue (1814-1888).—464
Asbôth, Sândor (Alexander) (1811-1868)—Hungarianwcolonel, took part in the revolution of 1848-49 in Hungary; emigrated to the USA in*1851; general of the Northern states during the Civil War (1861-64).—417, 494
d'Aspre, Constantin Karl van Hoobreuck, Baron (1761-1809)—Austrian general, took part in the wars against the French Republic and Napoleonic France.—177
Awing, Ludmilla (1821-1880)—German authoress, Lassalle's friend and Marx's acquaintance.—398
Attwood, Thomas (1783-1856)—English banker, economist and radical politician.—301
Augereau, Pierre François Charles, duc de
Castiglione (1757-1816)—French general, marshal from 1804; took part in the wars of the French Republic and Napoleonic France.—137
Augustus (Gaius Julius Caesar Oc-tavianus) (63 B.C.-A.D. 14)—Roman Emperor (27 B.C.-A.D. 14).—56
B
Babbage, Charles (1792-1871)—English mathematician, engineer and economist.—278, 279, 281
Bakunin, Mikhail (1814-1876)—Russian democrat, journalist; took part in the 1848-49 revolution in Germany; an ideologist of Narodism and anarch-ism in later years; opposed Marxism in the First International.—249
Balthasar—see Slör, Balthasar
Bamberger, Louis (b. 1821)—German journalist; in the 1850s emigrated to London, where he was engaged in financial operations at his father's bank.—142, 146, 458, 489, 548
Bangya, Jânos (1817-1868)—Hungarian journalist and army officer; took part in the 1848-49 revolution in Hungary; later Kossuth's emissary abroad and at the same time a secret police agent; under the name of Mehemed Bey served in the Turkish army and ' was a Turkish agent in the Caucasus (1855-58).—108, 109, 112, 113, 310. 318, 319, 324. 342, 365, 436 Barclay de Tolly, Mikhail Bogdanovich, Prince (1761-1818)—Russian general and military figure, Scottish by birth; field-marshal general from 1814; took part in the wars against Napoleonic France and Sweden; War Minister (1810-12); commanded a Russian army in the campaign of 1812 against Napoleon and Russian and Russo-Prussian troops in 1813-14.—162-64, 168, 259
Barss, Franciszek (1760-1812)—Polish lawyer, representative of Polish insurgents in France in 1794.—85
Bastiat, Frédéric (1801-1850)—French economist and politician.—249, 303
Bales, Robert Makin (born c. 1791)— English banker, partner of a firm which went bankrupt in June 1855; was sentenced to penal servitude for financial machinations.—72
Bauer, Bruno (1809-1882)—German philosopher and writer, Young Hegelian.—4, 7, 11, 68, 90, 91, 127, 403, 453
Bauer, Edgar (1820-1886)—German philosopher and writer, Young Hegelian; emigrated to England after the 1848-49 revolution; editor of the London newspaper Die Neue Zeit (1859); Bruno Bauer's brother.—12, 68, 90, 106, 122, 127, 187, 353, 358, 363, 366, 369, 403, 415, 437, 438, 440, 453, 458, 459, 466, 519, 565
Bauer, Egbert—German journalist, Young Hegelian, publisher in Charlottenburg; brother of Bruno and Edgar Bauer.—90
Bayle, Pierre (1647-1706)—French sceptic philosopher, critic of religious dogmatism.—269
Bazancourt, César Lecat, baron de (1810-1865)—French military writer, Bonapartist.—45, 51, 71, 73, 80, 93, 124, 126, 128
Beatson, William Ferguson—British general; commanded a Turkish cavalry detachment on the Danube (1854)
and in the Crimea (until September 1855).—29, 30
Beauhamais, Eugène de, prince (1781-1824)—French general, stepson of Napoleon I; took part in the wars of Napoleonic France; Viceroy of Italy (1805-14).—175
Becker, Hermann Heinrich ('Red Becker') (1820-1885)—German lawyer and journalist, member of the Communist League from 1850; sentenced to five-year imprisonment at the Cologne Communist Trial (1852); in later years a national-liberal.—209, 568
Bedeau, Marie Alphonse (1804-1863)— French general and moderate republican politician; Vice-President of the Constituent and Legislative Assemblies during the Second Republic; expelled from France after the coup d'état of December 2, 1851.—89
Beethoven, Ludwig van (1770-1827)— German composer.—503
Belfield, James—Marx's and Engels' acquaintance in Manchester.—5, 233, 262
Bellegarde, Heinrich Joseph Johannes, Count von (1756-1845)—Austrian field marshal; took part in the wars against Napoleonic France.—177
Belmontet, Louis (1799-1879)—French poet and journalist; Bonapartist.—43
Bern, Jôzef (1795-1850)—Polish general; took part in the Polish insurrection of 1830-31 and in the revolutionary struggle in Vienna in 1848; one of the commanders of the Hungarian revolutionary army (1848-49); later served in the Turkish army.—166-67, 168-69, 171, 172, 259
Bennigsen, Levin August Theophil (Leonti Leontievich), Count (1745-1826)— general in the Russian army; came from Hanover; participant in the assassination of Paul I; took part in the wars against Napoleonic France; in the campaign of 1812 against Napoleon was chief of the Russian General Staff (August-November).— 162, 163, 173, 175, 259
Beresford, William Carr, Viscount (1768-1854)—British general and Tory politician; took part in the Peninsular war (1808-14); commander-in-chief of the Portuguese army from 1809 to 1820.—259, 268, 273, 274, 281, 285, 288
Berkeley, George (1685-1753)—Irish subjective idealist philosopher; bishop; in economic works regarded labour as the main source of wealth; exponent of the nominalistic theory of money.—377
Beflichingen, Götz (Gottfried) von (1480-1562)—German knight; took part in the peasant uprising of 1525; elected the leader of the Gay Bright Troop of the Odenwald peasants, he betrayed them at the crucial moment.— 419, 420
Bermbach, Adolph (1821-1875)—Cologne lawyer, democrat; member of the Communist League; witness for the defence at the Cologne Communist Trial (1852); liberal in later years. —477
Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste Jules (1763-1844)—Marshal of France, took part in the wars of the French Republic and Napoleonic France; heir to the Swedish throne and regent of Sweden in 1810; fought in the war against Napoleon I in 1813; King of Sweden and Norway as Charles XIV John (1818-44).—91, 164, 165, 166, 169-70, 173-77, 179, 259, 274
Bernard, Martin (1808-1883)—French democrat, a leader of secret societies during the July monarchy; participant in the 1848-49 revolution, was sentenced to exile, fled to England in the early 1850s; returned to France after amnesty in 1859.—25^5
Bernard, Simon François (Èernard le Clubiste) (1817-1862)—French republican; emigrated to England after
the defeat of the 1848 revolution; in 1858 he was accused by the French Government of being an accomplice in Orsini's attempt on the life of Napoleon III but was acquitted by the British Court.—276-78, 307, 309
Berryer, Arthur—agent of the French Government in the joint-stock company, Docks Napoléon; son of lawyer Pierre Antoine Berryer; in March 1857 was sentenced to two-year con-finement for participating in the money machinations of the company's governors.—105
Berthier, Louis Alexandre, prince de Neuchâtel, duc de Valengin, prince de Wagram (1753-1815)—Marshal of France, took part in the wars of the French Republic and Napoleonic France; chief of Napoleon I's General Staff.—164, 166, 168, 259
Besser, W.—publisher in Berlin.—376
Bessières, Jean Baptiste, duc d'Istrie (1768-1813)—Marshal of France, took part in the wars of the French Republic and Napoleonic France.— 166, 167, 170, 175, 259
Besson, Alexandre—French refugee in London; fitter; joined a group of republicans, supporters of Félix Pyat; later a member of the First International.—277, 278
Beta (pen-name of Bettziech, Johann Heinrich) (1813-1876) — German journalist, refugee in London, fol-lower of Gottfried Kinkel.—440, 458, 485, 511, 512, 532, 534, 537, 540,545, 546, 547, 549-51, 556
Bettziech, Johann Heinrich—see Beta
Bibra, L.—owner of a German hotel in London.—477
Birago, Karl, Baron von (1792-1845)— Austrian military engineer, worked out a system of pontoon bridges.— 168
Bischoffsheim, Louis Raphaël (1800-1873)—owner of a French joint-stock bank with a branch in London.—535
22-194 Biskamp (Biscamp), Elard—German democratic journalist; took part in the 1848-49 revolution in Germany; emigrated after the defeat of the revolution; member of the editorial board of Das Volk.—438-39, 450, 452-53, 458, 463, 464, 469, 471, 473, 477, 483, 484, 487, 496, 497, 501, 502, 508, 511, 518, 520-23, 548
Blanc, Jean Joseph Louis (1811-1882)— French petty-bourgeois socialist, historian; member of the Provisional Government and President of the Luxembourg Commission in 1848; pursued a policy of conciliation with the bourgeoisie; a leader of the petty-bourgeois refugees in London from August 1848.—63, 310, 464, 480, 538
Blank, Karl Emil (1817-1893)—German merchant in London, closely connected with socialist circles in the 1840s-50s; husband of Frederick Engels' sister Marie.—65, 422, 424
Blank, Marie (née Engels) (1824-1901) — Frederick Engels' sister, Karl Emil Blank's wife from 1845.—422
Blanqui, Louis Auguste (1805-1881)— French revolutionary, Utopian communist.—63, 427
Blenker, Ludwig (Louis) (1812-1863)— German democrat, officer; took part in the Baden-Palatinate uprising of 1849; subsequently emigrated to the USA and fought in the Civil War on the side of the Northerners.—446
Blind, Friederike (née Eulinger)—Karl Blind's wife.—356
Blind, Karl (1826-1907)—German democratic journalist; took part in the Baden revolutionary movement in 1848-49; a leader of the German petty-bourgeois refugees in London in the 1850s; national-liberal in the 1860s.—63, 79, 179, 318, 324, 351, 353, 356, 357, 362, 363, 388, 428,436, 440, 456, 458, 463, 468, 473, 479,
486-87, 488, 498, 502-09, 513, 515, 521, 523, 544
Blücher, Gebhard Leberecht von, Prince
von Wahlstatt (1742-1819)—Prussian field-marshal general, took part in the wars against Napoleonic France.—164, 170, 172, 173, 176, 178-80, 198, 247, 259
Blum, Robert (1807-1848)—German democratic journalist; leader of the Left in the Frankfurt National Assembly; took part in the defence of Vienna against counter-revolutionary forces in October 1848; court-martialled and executed after the fall of the city.—158, 168, 173, 259, 358, 446
Böckh, Philipp August (1785-1867)— German philologist and historian of antiquity; professor and for the number of years rector of Berlin University.—336
Boisguillebert, Pierre Le Pesant, sieur de
(1646-1714)—French economist, pre-decessor of Physiocrats, founder of classical political economy in France.— 377
Bolivar y Ponte, Simon (1783-1830)— South American politician, one of the chief leaders of the South American Spanish colonies in their war of independence; President of the Republic of Colombia (1819-30).—259, 266
Bono — see Napoleon III
Bonaparte—see Napoleon III
Bonaparte, Eugene Louis Jean Joseph (1856-1879)—son of Napoleon III, got the title of Imperial Prince at his birth.—306
Bonaparte, Jérôme (1784-1860)— youngest brother of Napoleon I; King of Westphalia (1807-13), Marshal of France from 1850.—170, 293, 381 brother of Napoleon I; King of Naples (1806-08) and of Spain (1 SOS-IS).—170
Bonaparte, Prince Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul (1822-1891)—son of Jérôme Bonaparte, cousin of Napoleon III; adopted the name of Jérôme after the death of his elder brother (1847); commanded a corps in the Italian war of 1859; went by die name of Plon-PIon and the Red Prince.—381, 487, 532
Boniface, Louis (b. 1796)—French journalist, Bonapartist.—381
Borchardt, Louis—German physician, one of Engels' acquaintances in Manchester.—232, 320, 326, 338, 341, 467, 480-82, 484, 516, 517
Borkheim, Sigismund Ludwig (1825-1885)—German democratic journalist; took part in the 1849 Baden-Palatinate uprising; emigrated after its defeat; London merchant from 1851.—555
Bormann—assessor of commissariat in Berlin; took part in Fabrice's attack on Lassalle in May 1858, was prosecuted.—319, 320, 322
Born, David—Stephan Born's brother.—458
Born, Stephan (real name Buttermilch, Simon) (1824-1898)—German type-setter, member of the Communist League; leaned towards reformism during the 1848-49 revolution; turned his back on the workers' movement after the revolution.—458
Börne, Karl Ludwig (1786-1837)— German writer and critic; advocated Christian socialism towards the end of his life.—32
Bornstedt, Adalbert • von (1808-1851)— German journalist, founder and editor of the Deutsche-Brüsseler Zeitung (1847-48); supported the adventurist plan of a revolutionary legion's invasion in Germany; member
expulsion in March 1848; a secret agent of the Prussian police in the 1840s.—278
Bömstein, Heinrich (1805-1892)—German democratic journalist, founder and editor of Vorwärtsl in Paris (1844); emigrated to the USA in 1849; publisher of the Anzeiger des Westens in the 1850s.—356
Bosquet, Pierre Joseph François (1810-1861)—French general, Marshal of France from 1856; took part in the conquest of Algeria in the 1830s-1850s, commanded a division (1854) and then a corps in the Crimea (1854-55).—170, 173, 177-78, 259, 297
Bötticher, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm (1798 — 1850) — German philologist and historian.—186
Bourrienne, Louis Antoine Fauvelet de (1769-1834)—French diplomat and politician, personal secretary of Napoleon Bonaparte (1797-1802), chargé d'affaires in Hamburg (1804-13), went over to the Bourbons.— 158, 168, 173, 259
Boustrapa—see Napoleon III
Braun—see Lassalle, Ferdinand
Bray, John Francis (1809-1895)— English economist, Utopian socialist, follower of Robert Owen; supporter of the theory of 'labour money'.— 301
Bredt, Charlotte—see Engels, Charlotte
Bright, John (1811-1889)—English manufacturer and politician, a leader of the Free Traders and founder of the Anti-Corn Law League; M.P. (from 1843).—104, 110, 113, 115, 116-17, 127, 210, 275, 342, 358, 359, 411
Brockhaus, Heinrich (1804-1874)— German publisher, owner of F. A. Brockhaus Publishing House in Leipzig.— 17
22* Bronner, Eduard—German physician, petty-bourgeois democrat; deputy to the Baden Constituent Assembly in 1849; emigrated to England.—357, 362, 363
Brown, Sir George (1790-1865)—British general; took part in the Peninsular war (1808-14) and in the Crimean war (1853-56).—170, 173, 181, 259
Brune, Guillaume Marie Anne (1763-1815)—Marshal of France, Right Dantonist Jacobin during the French Revolution, later Bonapartist; took part in the wars of the French Republic and Napoleonic France.— 165, 167, 170, 259
Briiningk, Maria, Baroness von (d. 1853)—wife of Baron A. von Brüningk; helped Gottfried Kinkel to escape from prison in 1850; maintained ties with petty-bourgeois refugees in London from 1851.—359
Brunswick, Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of (1735-1806)—ruler of Brunswick (1780-1806), field-marshal general of the Prussian army; participant in the Seven Years War (1756-63) and in the wars against revolutionary and Napoleonic France.—561
Buchanan, James (1791-1868)—American statesman; member of the Democratic Party; President of the United States (1857-61); advocate of slave-owners' interests.—364
Bucher, Lothar (1817-1892)—Prussian official and journalist; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848; refugee in London (1850-61); correspondent of the Berlin National-Zeitung, shared foreign policy views of David Urquhart in the 1850s; in later years a national-liberal.—5,, 18, 62, 75, 428, 440, 458, 479
Buck, Hermann (born. c. 1807)— Prussian official and businessman, Rudolf Schramm's friend.—189, 190, 196
Budberg, Andrei Fyodorovich, Baron
chargé d'affaires in Frankfurt from January 1848, envoy to Berlin (1852-56, 1858-62) and Vienna (1856-58), ambassador to Paris (1862-68).—453
Bugeaud de la Piconnerie, Thomas Robert (1784-1849)—Marshal of France, Orleanist; an organiser of the wars of conquest in Algeria and Morocco, author of works on military questions.—170, 173, 177, 259
Biilow, Friedrich Wilhelm, Count von Dennewitz (1755-1816)—Prussian general, took part in the wars against Napoleonic France.—4, 164, 179, 259, 268, 274, 281, 285, 288, 293, 294
Bunsen, Christian Karl Josias. Baron von (1791-1860)—Prussian diplomat, writer and theologian; envoy to London (1842-54).—525
BuoLSchauenstein, Karl Ferdinand, Count von (1797-1865)—Austrian statesman and diplomat, Prime Minister and Foreign Minister (1852-59).— 368
Bürger, Gottfried August (1747-1794)— German poet.—102, 139
Bürgers, Heinrich (1820-1878)—German radical journalist, contributor to the Rheinische Zeitung (1842-43); member of the Communist League ( 1848), an editor of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung; member of the Communist League Central Authority from 1850; one of the accused in the Cologne Communist Trial (1852); subsequently a liberal.—27, 209, 337, 385, 388,452, 477, 479, 554
Burleigh—see Cecil, William, Baron Burgley Busse, von—translator into German of texts included in the book Fürst Wladimir und dessen Tafelrunde.—20
Buxhöwden, Fyodor Fyodorovich (Friedrich Wilhelm), Count von (1750-1811)— Russian general; took part in the wars against Napoleonic France in 1805 and 1806.—162 Byron, George Gordon Noel, Lord (1788-1824)—English romantic poet.—33
C
Caesar (Gaius Julius Caesar) (c. 100-44 B.C.)—Roman general and statesman.—123, 141, 241
Campbell, E. S. N.—British army officer, author of a military dictionary.—142
Campbell, John, Baron (1779-1861)— British lawyer, Whig M.P., Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench (1850-59), Lord Chancellor (1859-61); handled a lawsuit against Simon Bernard in 1858.—309
Campbell, Sir Colin, Baron Clyde (from 1858) (1792-1863)—British general, field marshal from 1862; took part in the Crimean war in 1854-55; Commander-in-Chief of the British army during die Indian national liberation uprising of 1857-59.—184, 185, 234, 293, 308-09, 336, 364
Campe, Johann Julius Wilhelm (1792-1867)—German publisher and bookseller, co-proprietor of the Hoffmann & Campe Publishing House in Hamburg from 1823.—100, 392
Canning, Charles John, Earl (from 1859) (1812-1862) — British statesman, Tory and subsequendy Peelite; Governor-General of India (1856-62); organised the suppression of the Indian national liberation uprising of 1857-59.—134, 343
Canrobert, François Certain (1809-1895)—Marshal of France, senator, Bonapartist; an active participant in the coup d'état of 2 December 1851; commander-in-chief of the French army (September 1854-May 1855) in the Crimea; commanded a corps in the Italian war of 1859.—297, 381
Carey, Henry Charles (1793-1879)— American economist, advocated har-mony of class interests in capitalist society.—303
Carnot, Lazare Nicolas (1753-1823)— French mathematician, political and military figure in the French Revolution, Jacobin; took part in the Thermidor coup in 1794.—21, 30, 123
Castellane, Esprit Victor Elisabeth Boniface, comte de (1788-1862)— Marshal of France, Bonapartist; an active participant in the coup d'état of 2 December 1851.—256
Castello—Portuguese banker.—404
Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Marquis of Londonderry, Viscount (1769-1822)— British statesman, Tory; Secretary for War and for the Colonies (1805-06, 1807-09), Foreign Secretary (1812-22).—377
Cathcart, Sir George (1794-1854)— British general and military writer.— 293
Catherine I (1684-1727)—second wife of Peter I (from 1712); Empress of Russia (1725-27).—10
Catherine II (1729-1796)—Empress of Russia (1762-96).—3, 10
Catherine Ivanovna (1691-1723)—niece of Peter I, from 1716 wife of Karl Leopold, Duke of Mecklenburg.— 11
Catiline (Lucius Sergius Calilina) (c. 108-62 B. C.)—Roman politician, organiser of a conspiracy against the aristocratic republic.—5
Caussidière, Marc (1808-1861)—French democrat, took part in the Lyons uprising of 1834; Prefect of the Paris Police after the February 1848 revolution; deputy to the Constituent Assembly; emigrated to England in June 1848 and later to the USA. —319
Cavaignac, Louis Eugène (1802-1857)— French general and politician, moderate republican; took part in the conquest of Algeria; War Minister of France (May-June 1848), directed the suppression of the June 1848 uprising of the Paris workers; head of the executive (June-December 1848); was in opposition to Napoleon Ill's government after the coup d'état of 2 December 1851.—177, 198, 309
Cavanagh—one of Marx's acquaintances in London.—572 Cavour, Camilla Benso, conte di (1810-1861)—Italian statesman, head of the Sardinian government (1852-59, 1860-61); pursued a policy of unifying Italy under the supremacy of the Savoy dynasty relying on the support of Napoleon III; headed the first government of united Italy in 1861.—309 Cecil, William, Baron Burgley (or Burleigh) (1520-1598)—British statesman, Chief Secretary of State (1558-72), Lord High Treasurer (1572-98) and Chief Minister of Queen Elisabeth.—195 Chamfort, Sébastien Roch Nicolas, dit de
(1741-1794)—French writer.—545
Changarnier, Nicolas Anne Théodule (1793-1877)—French general and politician, monarchist; took part in the conquest of Algeria in the 1830s and 1840s; deputy to the Constituent and Legislative Assemblies (1848-51); expelled from France after the coup d'état of 2 December 1851.—177
CharUs I (1600-1649)—King of Great Britain and Ireland (1625-49); be-headed during the English Revolution.—182
Charles II (1630-1685)—King of Great Britain and Ireland (1660-85).—377 CharUs V (1500-1558)—Holy Roman Emperor (1519-56) and King of Spain under the name of Charles (Carlos) I (1516-56).—419-21, 443, 445 Charles XII (1682-1718)—King of Sweden (1697-1718).—8, 10, 91
CharUs Louis (Karl Ludwig Johann) (1771-1847)—Archduke of Austria, field marshal, took part in the wars against the French Republic and Napoleonic France; War Minister (1805-09).—164
Charras, Jean Baptiste Adolphe (1810-1865)—French military writer, moderate republican; opposed Louis Bonaparte; expelled from France after the coup d'état of 2 December 1851.—258, 285
Cheney, Eliza (born c. 1832)—Felice Orsini's housemaid.—255
Chester (alias Polly Evans)—mistress of Potter, Mayor of Manchester.—118
Chojecki, Karol Edmund (pseudonym— CharUs Edmond) (1822-1899)—Polish journalist, writer and dramatist, lived in France from 1844.—18
Cicero (Marcus Tullius Cicero) (106-43 B.C.)—Roman statesman, orator and philosopher; helped expose Catiline's conspiracy in 63 B.C.—5, 269
Cieszkowski, August, Count (1814-1894) —Polish philosopher and economist, owner of an estate in the Posen district from 1847; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848; member of the Prussian Provincial Diet (from 1852).—436
Clarendon, George William Frederick Vil-liers, Earl of, Baron Hyde (1800-1870)—British statesman, Whig, later Liberal; Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland (1847-52); Foreign Secretary (1853-58, 1865-66, 1868-70).—28-30, 119
Clausewitz, Karl von (1780-1831)—Prussian general and military theoreti-cian.—198, 241, 247
Clotilde, princesse de Savoie (1843-1911) —daughter of Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia; wife of Prince Joseph Napoléon (Plon-Plon) from 1859.— 373, 380
Cluss, Adolf (1825-1905)—German engineer; member of the Communist League; emigrated to the USA (1848), where, in the 1850s, he was a member of German-American workers' organisations; one of the first propagandists of scientific communism in America.—96, 313, 317, 363, 366, 374, 375, 571 British politician and radical journalist; published Cobbetl's Annual Register from 1802.—42, 266
Cobden, Richard (1804-1865)—English manufacturer and politician, a leader of the Free Traders and founder of the Anti-Corn Law League, M.P.—3, 115, 127
Coehorn (Cohorn or Coehoorn), Menno,
Baron van (1641-1704)—Dutch general and military engineer.—247
Colin—see Campbell, Sir Colin, Baron Clyde
* Collet, Collet Dobson—English radical journalist and public figure, editor and publisher of The Free Press, organ of Urquhart's followers (1856-65).—61, 62, 66, 67, 76, 81, 112, 138, 277, 504, 507, 508, 521
Coningham, William (b. 1815)—English radical M.P.; author of the anti-Palmerston pamphlet The Betrayal of England; delegated to the Chartist conference in February 1858.— 111, 210
Constantine (Konstantin Nikolayevich) (1827-1892)—Grand Duke of Russia, second son of Nicholas I, Admiral-General, head of the Naval Department (1853-81) and commander-in-chief of the Navy (1855-81).—452
Cookes—owners of textile factory in Manchester.—212
Cornelius, Wilhelm—German radical journalist, refugee in London in the 1850s; one of Marx's friends.—92, 94, 119
Cotta, Johann Georg, Baron von Cotten-dorf (1796-1863) — German publisher, owner of a large publishing house in Augsburg in 1832-63, publisher of the Allgemeine Zeitung.— 363, 541, 543
Cowley, Henry Richard Charles Wellesley, physician, member of the Communist League, from 1850 member of its Cologne Central Authority; defen-dant at the Cologne Communist Trial (1852); acquitted by the jury; friend of Marx and Engels.—271, 337, 359
Darimon, Louis Alfred (1819-1902)— French politician, journalist and historian; shared and propagated Proudhon's views.—90
Darwin, Charles Robert (1809-1882)— English naturalist, founder of the theory of natural selection of species.— 551
Davout (Davoust), Louis Nicolas, due d'Auerstaedt, prince d'Eckmühl (1770-1823)—Marshal of France, participant in the wars of Napoleonic France.—164, 165, 166, 174
Delius—one of Engels' acquaintances in Bradford.—422
Democritus (c. 460-c. 370 B. C.)—Greek philosopher, a founder of the atomis-tic theory.—269, 316
Demuth, Helene (Lenchen) (1820-1890)— housemaid and devoted friend of the Marx family.—66, 339
Derby, Edward Geoffrey Smith Stanley, Earl of (1799-1869)—British statesman, Tory leader; Prime Minister (1852, 1858-59, 1866-68).—278, 279, 425-27
Desprez, Félix Hippolyte (1819-1898)— French diplomat, historian and journalist.—18, 20
DestriUies—author of the book Confidences sur la Turquie (1855).—31, 37
Dibich-Zabalkansky, Ivan Ivanovich (Diebitsch, Hans Karl Friedrich Anton), Count (1785-1831)—Russian field marshal, commander-in-chief of the army during the Russo-Turkish war of 1828-29, and of the troops which crushed the Polish insurrection of 1830-31.—172
1876) (1814-1881)—German poet and novelist, court dramatist.—385
Disraeli, Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield (1804-1881)—British statesman and writer, a Tory leader; Chancellor of the Exchequer (1852, 1858-59, 1866-68); Prime Minister (1868, 1874-80).—107, 427, 537
Dobner, Job Felix (Gelasius) (1719-1790)—Czech monk, author of works on the history of Bohemia.— 17
Dobrovsky, Josef (1753-1829)—Czech scholar and public figure; founder of the scientific philology of the Slavonic languages.—15, 16
Dobrowsky—see Dobrovsky, Josef
DoUh, Oskar—a participant in the Schiller festivals in Manchester in November 1859.—517, 531
DolleschaU, Laurenz (b. 1790)—police official in Cologne (1819-47); censor of the Rheinische Zeitung.—7, 20
Douglas, Sir Howard, Baronet (1776-1861)—British general and military writer, author of works on artillery and fortification.—168
Dowbiggin—British officer, participant in the Crimean war, Lord Panmure's nephew.—21
Dronke—Ernst Dronke's brother.—384
Dronke, Ernst (1822-1891)—German journalist, at first a 'true socialist', later a member of the Communist League and an editor of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung; emigrated to Switzerland and then to England after the 1848-49 revolution; subsequently withdrew from politics.—83, 104, 113, 147, 201, 209, 251, 374, 384-85, 467, 469, 471-73, 475, 485, 566 Drucker, Louis—German journalist, democrat; publisher of the comic weekly How Do You Do? in London.—535, 537, 540
Duke of Brunswick—see Brunswick, Karl
Wilhelm Ferdinand
Dulan, Rudolph (1807-1870)—German pastor, a leader of the Friends of Light movement opposing the official church; editor-in-chief of the Bremer Tages-Chronik (1849-51); emigrated to the USA in 1853.—519
Duncker—Prussian official, Police Superintendent in Berlin in 1848.—536, 552, 574
*Duncker, Franz (1822-1888)—German politician and publisher, founder and editor of the Volks-Zeitung—295, 297, 315, 336, 349, 354, 364, 367, 376, 379-80, 384, 390, 391-92, 394, 397, 398, 400-01, 402, 404, 405, 407, 408, 412, 413, 415, 418, 440, 446, 448, 450-51, 453, 454, 456, 458, 460-62, 473-74, 480, 481, 489, 498, 502, 508, 548, 569
Duncombe, Thomas Slingsby (1796-1861)—British radical politician; participated in the Chartist movement in the 1840s, M.P.—348
Dupré de Saint-Maure, Jean Pierre Emile
(1772-1854)—French writer and politician; several times travelled to Russia.—16
Dürr, Alphonse—publisher in Leipzig.— 285
Duvivier, Franciade Fleurus (1794-1848)—French general, participant in the conquest of Algeria in the 1830s-40s; took part in suppressing the June 1848 uprising in Paris.— 177
E
Eccarius, Johann Georg (1818-1889)— German tailor; prominent figure in the German and international working-class movement, journalist;
member of the League of the Just and later of the Communist League; a leader of the German Workers' Educational Society in London, member of the General Council of the First International; subsequently took part in die British trade union movement.—384, 386, 387, 390, 406, 440
Eichhoff, Frédéric Gustave (1799-1875)— French philologist.—19, 26
Eichhoff, Karl Wilhelm (1833-1895)— German socialist, journalist; in the late 1850s exposed Stieber as a police spy in the press and was brought to trial for this; member of the First International and one of its first historians.—536, 552, 554
Elgin, James Bruce, Earl of Elgin and Kincardine (1811-1863)—British diplomat, envoy extraordinary to China (1857-58, 1860-61).—347, 349
Ellenborough, Edward Law, Earl of (1790-1871) — British statesman, Tory, member of the House of Lords; Governor-General of India (1842-44), First Lord of the Admiral-ty (1846), President of the Board of Control for India (1858).—107
Eisner, Karl Friedrich Moritz (1809-1894)—Silesian radical journalist and politician, deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848; an editor of the Neue Oder-Zeitung in the 1850s.—226, 416
Emmanuel — see Victor Emmanuel II
Engel, Jânos Keresztély (Johann Christian von) (1770-1814)—Hungarian historian.— 15 Ermen & Engels firm in Engelskirchen.—528, 529 Engels, Friedrich (1796-1860)—father of Frederick Engels.—5, 65, 72, 97, 104, 146, 157, 158, 222, 397, 424, 490, 529
Ephraim—see Lassalle, Ferdinand
Epicurus (c. 341-c. 270 B. C.)—Greek materialist philosopher.—124, 226, 269, 316
Erich—American businessman.—92, 95
Ermani—editor of the German emigrant newspaper Germania published in London in April-May 1859.—438
Ermen, Gottfried—a partner in the Manchester firm of Ermen & Engels.— 37, 104, 146, 343, 397, 528, 530, 554
Ersch, Johann Samuel (1766-1828)— German bibliographer, professor of geography and statistics in Halle, a publisher of Allgemeine Encyc-lopédie.— 147, 187, 247
Erskine (Areskine), Robert (Robert Kar-lovich) (mid-17th cent.—1718)—Scottish physician, physician-in-ordinary of Peter I.—8
Espartero, Baldomero, duque de la Vittoria (1793-1879)—Spanish general and politician, leader of the Progresista Party; Regent of Spain (1841-43), head of government (1854-56).—61, 173
Espinasse, Charles Marie Esprit (1815-1859)—French general, Bonapartist; actively participated in the coup d'état of 2 December 1851; after Orsini's attempt on the life of Napoleon III (January 1858) was Minister of the Interior during five months.—7, 264, 291
Estien, François—police inspector in Paris, eye witness of Orsini's attempt on the life of Napoleon III, testified at Simon Bernard's trial (April 1858).—308
Etheridge (d. 1857)—British admiral, commanded the British navy in the
Anglo-Persian war (1856-57); committed suicide.—134
Eugène—see Bonaparte, Eugène Louis Jean Joseph
Eugène, prince—see Beauharnais, Eugène de, prince
Eugénie Marie Ignace Augustine de Mon-tijo de Guzman, comtesse de Teba (1826-1920)—Empress of France, wife of Napoleon III.—6
Evans, Sir George de Lacy (1787-1870)— British general and liberal politician, M.P., took part in the Crimean war.—21, 22, 297
Ewerbeck, August Hermann (1816-1860)—German physician and writer, lived in Paris; member of the Communist League until 1850.—73, 356
F
Fabrice—counsellor of commissariat in Berlin; with Bormann's participation attacked Lassalle in May 1858, for which he was prosecuted.—319, 320, 322-23
Fallmerayer, Jakob Philipp (1790-1861)— German historian and traveller.—3
Farina, Giovanni Maria (1686-1766)— Italian businessman, founder of the first factory of eau de Cologne.—120
Faucher, Julius (Jules) (1820-1878)— German writer, Young Hegelian; refugee in England from 1850 till 1861; contributor to The Morning Star.—18, 91, 127, 217, 534 Feibel, Heinrich—German journalist, President of the Workers' Educational Society in Wiesbaden in the 1840s; in 1852 was sentenced to one-year penal servitude by the Wiesbaden court; a refugee in England.—359
Féline.—119
Ferdinand Karl Joseph von Este (1781-1850)—Archduke of Austria, field marshal, took part in the wars against Napoleonic France.—174
Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas (1804-1872)—German philosopher.—55
Finlen, James—Chartist, member of die Executive of the National Charter Association in 1852-58.—32
Fiorentino, Pier Angelo (1809-1864)— Italian writer; lived in Paris from 1835; contributed to the Bonapartist press in the 1850s and 1860s.—7
Fischel, Eduard (1826-1863)—German journalist, editor of the Berlin Ur-quhartist journal Das Neue Portfolio (1859-60); criticised the foreign policy of Palmerston and Napoleon III.—547
Fitzgerald, John David, Lord (1816-1889) — Irish lawyer and liberal politician, M.P.; held high judicial posts in British administration in Ireland.—363
Florencourt, Franz von (François Chassot de) (1803-1886) — German writer, editor of a number of periodicals; first liberal and later conservative; brother-in-law of Ferdinand von Westphalen.—562
Flottwell, Eduard Heinrich von (1786-1865)—Prussian statesman, Minister of Finance (1844-46), Oberpräsident
of Posen and later of Westphalia; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Right wing) in 1848-49; Minister of the Interior (1858-59).— 384 Freiligrath, Ida (née Melos) (1817-1899)—Ferdinand Freiligrath's wife. —360, 385, 536, 537, 545, 556, 574
Freiligrath, Käthe (Käthchen) (1845-1904)—Ferdinand Freiligrath's daughter.—535
Freund—German physician in London, doctor of the Marx family in the 1850s.—46, 127, 132, 148, 151, 310, 357
* Friedländer, Max (1829-1872)—German democratic journalist, member of the editorial boards of the Neue Oder-Zeitung and Die Presse (Vienna); Ferdinand Lassalle's cousin.—227, 237, 250, 269, 408, 409, 416, 418, 429, 432-35, 450, 455, 571
Frisch, Johann Leonhard (1666-1743)— German linguist and naturalist.—16
Frobel, Julius (1805-1893)—German radical writer and publisher of progressive literature; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848; emigrated to America in 1849; returned to Germany in 1857.—325., 356
Fröbel, Karolina (née von Armansperg)
(1821-1888)—Julius Fröbel's wife.— 356
Frost, John (1784-1877)—English radical, joined the Chartist movement in 1838; sentenced to deportation for life to Australia for organising a miners' uprising in Wales in 1839; was pardoned in 1856 and returned to England.—42, 210
Fuad Pasha, Mehemmed (1814-1869)— Turkish statesman, repeatedly held the posts of Grand Vizier and Foreign Minister in the 1850s and 1860s.—29 liberal, President of the Board of Trade (1859-65, 1865-66).—115, 116, 118, 273, 275, 411
Gilpin, Charles—managing director of the London branch of the Swiss Bank, creditor of The People's Paper; M.P.—342
Girardin, Emile de (1806-1881)— French journalist and politician; editor of La Presse (the 1830s-60s, with intervals); moderate republican during the 1848-49 revolution, deputy to the Legislative Assembly (1850-51), later Bonapartist, lacked principles in politics.—90, 381
Gladstone, William Ewart (1809-1898)— British statesman, Tory and later Peelite, a leader of the Liberal Party in the latter half of the century; Chancellor of the Exchequer (1852-55, 1859-66) and Prime Minister (1868-74, 1880-85, 1886, 1892-94).— 339
Gneisenau, August Wilhelm Anton, Count Neithardt von (1760-1831)—Prussian field-marshal general; an organiser of the liberation struggle against Napoleonic rule, Chief of \ Staff of Blücher's army in 1813-14 and 1815.—179, 180
Godfrey, François—lawyer, big land-owner and banker in Jersey.—196, 264, 308 Goegg, Amand (1820-1897)—German democratic journalist, member of the Baden Provisional Government (1849); emigrated after the revolution; later member of the First International.—513-14
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832)—German poet.—91, 244, 366, 419, 541
Golovine (Golovin), Ivan Gavrilovich (1816-1890)—Russian liberal land-owner, journalist; emigrated to England, was close to Herzen and Bakunin in the 1840s and 1850s.—70, 73 publisher of Allgemeine Encyclo-pédie.— 147, 187, 247
Grün, Karl Theodor Ferdinand (pen-name Ernst von der Haide) (1817-1887)—German Journalist, 'true socialist' in the mid-1840s; petty-bourgeois democrat during the revolution of 1848-49; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing).—63
Gumpert, Edouard (d. 1893)—German physician in Manchester, a friend of Marx and Engels.—318, 324, 325, 335, 345, 389, 439, 447, 475, 480
Gurowski, Adam, Count (1805:1866) — Polish journalist; betrayed the national liberation movement; emigrated to the USA in 1849; contributed to the New-York Daily Tribune in the 1850s, disseminated pan-Slavist ideas.—81, 94, 101, 123
Gyllenborg, Carl, Count (1679-1746)— Swedish statesman, envoy to London (1715-17), Secretary of State from 1718 and Prime Minister (1739-46).—9, 10
Gyulay, Franz (or Gyulai, Ferenc), Count von Maros-Németh und Nadaska (1798-1868)—Austrian general, Hungarian by birth; took part in suppressing the 1848-49 revolution in Italy; War Minister (1849-50); during the Italian war of 1859 commanded the Austrian army (April-June 1859).—427, 430
H
Hacquet, Belsazar (Balthasar) (1739-1815)—Austrian scientist and eth-nographer.—16
Hâjek z Libocan, Vaclav (c. 1500-1553)—Czech chronicler, priest.—17 Haxthausen, August Franz Ludwig Maria, Baron von (1792-1866)—Prussian official and economist, author of works on the agrarian system and the peasant commune in Russia.—346
Hecker, Friedrich Karl Franz (1811-1881)—German democrat, a leader of the Baden republican uprising in April 1848; after its defeat emigrated to Switzerland and later to the USA where he fought in the Civil War on the side of the Union.—179, 362, 446
Heckscher, Martin—Frederick Engels' physician, a German resident in Manchester; helped Dos Volk with money.—131, 132, 145, 149, 154, 191, 195, 198, 200, 247, 361, 366,448,474, 475
Heffter, Moritz Wilhelm (1792-1873)— German historian and philologist.— 17, 19
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770-1831)—German philosopher.—135, 199, 216, 249, 255, 259-61, 316, 326, 327
Heimendahl—German merchant and manufacturer, owner of a silkspin-ning factory in Elberfeld.—223
Heine, Heinrich (1797-1856)—German revolutionary poet.—14, 32, 42, 45, 55, 69, 71, 392, 541, 557
Heine, Mathilde (née Mirât) (1815-1883)—Heinrich Heine's wife.—69
Heinzen, Karl (1809-1880)—German radical journalist, took part in the 1849 Baden-Palatinate uprising; emigrated to Switzerland, later to England and, in the autumn of 1850, to the USA.—198, 243-44, 257, 356, 449, 567
Heise, Heinrich (1820-1860)—German democratic journalist; took part in the 1848-49 revolution, emigrated to England; friend of Marx and Engels.—12, 18, 87, 320 Hirschfeld, Rudolph—owner of a print-shop in London, which printed Die Neue Zeit and the weekly Hermann; Marx's pamphlet Herr Vogt was printed here in I860.—438, 464
Hoadley, Benjamin (1676-1761)—English bishop.—9
Hodges, George Lloyd (1792-1862)— British colonel and diplomat, Consul General in Serbia (1837-39), then in Egypt (1839-40); Palmerston's pro-tégé.—365
Hohenscheisseesche (Hohenscheisselin-den).—32
HohenzoUerns—dynasty of Brandenburg electors (1415-1701), Prussian Kings (1701-1918) and German emperors (1871-1918).—86, 88, 93, 410
HohemollernSigmaringen, Karl Anton, Prince von (1811-1885)—Prussian general and statesman, Prime Minister (November 1858 to 1862).—461
Holleben, Heinrich von (1789-1864)— Prussian general and military writer, participant in the wars against Napoleonic France, took part in suppressing the 1848-49 revolution in Germany.—189
Hollinger, Fidelio—German refugee, owner of a print-shop in London which printed Das Volk.—458, 464, 471, 472, 480, 484, 487, 488, 501-04, 508, 513, 519
Homer—semi-legendary Greek epic poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey.—339, 512
Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus) (65-8 B.C.)—Roman poet.—9, 271, 353, 453, 541, 546, 549
Hoyoll, Philipp (b. 1816)—German painter, a participant in the Schiller festival in Manchester in November 1859.—517 Inglis, Sir John Eardley Wilmot (1814-1862)—British general; took part in suppressing the national liberation uprising in India in 1857-59.—247
* Ironside, Isaac—English journalist, Urquhartite, editor of The Sheffield Free Press and an editor of the London Free Press (1856-64).—44, 56-62
J
Jacobi, Abraham (1830-1919)—German physician, member of the Communist League, one of the accused in the Cologne Communist Trial (1852), acquitted; later emigrated to the USA.—98
Jacobi, Fritz (d. 1862)—German democrat; took part in the 1848-49 revolution, emigrated to the USA in 1852.—293
John, Friedrich Ludwig (1778-1852)— German writer, organised the sports movement (Turn-und Sport-bewegung) in Germany, prominent in the German people's liberation struggle against Napoleon's rule; nationalist.—437
Jakob—see Robinson, Thérèse Albertine Luise
James, Edwin John (1812-1882)—English lawyer, M.P.; counsel for the defence at Simon Bernard's trial in April 1858.—309
James Stuart, so-called James III (1688-1766)—son of James II; pretender to the English throne.—8-10
James, William (d. 1827)—English military writer.—84
John (Johann) (1782-1859)—Archduke of Austria, field marshal; fought in the wars against Napoleonic France; Imperial Regent of Germany (June 1848-December 1849).—525 Jung, Georg Gottlob (1814-1886)—German democratic journalist, Young Hegelian, a manager of the Rheinische Zeitung; deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848.—478
Juta, Johann Carl (1824-1886)—Dutch merchant, husband of Karl Marx's sister Luise, bookseller in Cape Town.—363, 387, 389, 390, 394, 418, 489, 494, 506, 572
Juvenal (Decimus Junius Juvenalis) (born c. 60-died after 127)—Roman satirical poet.—391, 469
K
Kamenski, Mikhail Fedotovich, Count (1738-1809)—Russian field-marshal general.—162
Kamm, Friedrich (d. 1867)—German artisan, petty-bourgeois democrat; took part in the 1849 Baden-Palatinate uprising; emigrated first to Switzerland and, in 1852, to the USA; an organiser of the Communist Club in New York (1857).—288, 293, 469
Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804)—German philosopher.—356, 392, 519
Kapper, Siegfried (1821-1879)—Czech writer and poet, translator of Slavic legends and songs into German.—20, 26
Karadzic, Vuk Slefanovic (1787-1864)— Serbian philologist, historian and folklore specialist, founder of the modern Serbian literary language.— 20, 26
Karl Leopold (1679-1747)—Duke of Mecklenburg (1713-28).— 11 German journalist, editor-in-chief of the Augsburg Allgemeine Zeitung (1837-65).—541, 543, 549
Komp, Albrecht—German refugee in the USA, an organiser of the Communist Club in New York (1857); Joseph Weydemeyer's friend. — 338, 376, 384, 440
Korff, Hermann—Prussian ex-officer, democrat; manager of the Nett« Rheinische Zeitung (1848-49); later emigrated to the USA.—434
Koscielski, Wladistaw (1818-1895)— Polish democrat; took part in the Posen national liberation movement (1848), maintained ties with the editors of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung; general in the Turkish army (1850s).—109
Kosciuszko, Tadeusz Andrzej Bonawentura (1746-1817)—Polish general and leader of the national liberation uprising of 1794; took ;>art in the American War of Independence (1776-83).—85
Kossuth, Lajos (1802-1894)—leader of the Hungarian national liberation movement; head of the revolutionary government (1848-49); after the defeat of the revolution emigrated first to Turkey and later to England and the USA; sought for support in the Bonapartist circles in the 1850s.— 258, 318, 324, 342, 382, 452, 456, 458, 465, 476, 494, 497, 505-07, 523, 525, 532, 565, 573
Küster, Heinrich (1807-1881)—German philologist and teacher, an acquaintance of Ferdinand Lassalle and Ferdinand Freiligrath.—353-55
Krosigk, Lisette von (Louise Friederike
Ottilie Caroline) (née von Westphalen) (1800-1863)—Jenny Marx's step-sister.—562 Volk.—483
Langeron, Alexander Fyodorovich (Louis Alexandre Andrault), Count (1763-1831)—general in Russian service; French by birth; took part in the wars against Napoleonic France.— 179
Lannes, Jean, duc de Montebello, prince de
Siévers (1769-1809)—Marshal of France, participant in the wars of Napoleonic France.—162, 163, 165, 166, 174
Larrey, Félix Hippolyte, baron (1808-1895)—French military surgeon, a private doctor of Napoleon III; in January 1858 examined those injured by the bomb explosion during Orsini's attempt on the life of Napoleon III.—258
* Lassalle, Ferdinand (1825-1864)— German journalist and lawyer, petty-bourgeois socialist; took part in the democratic movement in the Rhine Province (1848-49); founder of the General Association of German Workers (1863); an initiator of the opportunist trend in the German Social-Democratic movement.—23-24, 27, 36, 44, 128, 129, 225-28, 237, 239-40, 242, 250, 252, 255-57, 259-61, 262, 268, 271-72, 275, 286, 295, 308, 315, 316, 318-21, 322, 324, 336, 338, 353-55, 376, 378-81, 383, 384, 386, 391, 392, 393-95, 396-97, 398-401, 402, 403, 404, 407, 408, 410-12, 414-16, 418-21, 429, 432, 433-35, 441-46, 448, 450, 452, 454, 455, 456, 458, 459-60, 461, 465, 471, 477, 481, 497, 502, 508, 516, 518, 524, 526, 536, 538, 542, 547, 548, 570, 574
Layard, Sir Austen Henry (1817-1894)— English archaeologist and radical politician; subsequently liberal, M.P. — 107 in the war against Napoleonic France in 1806-07.—162
Levi, Isaak—see Rodenberg, Julius
Levy, Gustav—German socialist from the Rhine Province; was delegated by Düsseldorf workers to Marx in London in 1856; later an active member of the General Association of German Workers.—15, 22-25, 30-31, 36, 41 Lewald (married name Stahr), Fanny (1811-1889)—German writer, in the 1830s~40s associated with die Young Germany group.—383
Lichtenberg—doctor of a German hospital in London.—181
Liddle—English manufacturer.—204
Liebknecht, Ernestine (née Landalt) (d.
1867)—Wilhelm Liebknecht's first wife.—66, 333
* Liebknecht, Wilhelm (1826-1900)— prominent figure in the German and international working-class movement; took part in the 1848-49 revolution; member of the Communist League; a leader of the German Workers' Educational Society in London; one of the founders and leaders of the German Social-Democratic Party; friend and associate of Marx and Engels.—22, 27, 33, 66, 120, 340, 363, 437-38, 439, 440, 449-52, 459, 464, 473, 475, 483, 484, 503, 504, 507, 508, 520, 539, 541, 543, 546, 549, 567
Link—a participant in the Schiller festival in Manchester in November 1859.—531
Linkenbach—an acquaintance of Frederick Engels' father.—529 Lisle—-owner of a print-shop in London, where Das Volk was printed.— 501 Loyd, Samuel Jones, Lord Overstone (1796-1883)—English banker and economist, Whig; inspirer of Robert Peel's financial policy; leader of the 'Currency Principles School'.—215, 377
Lucan (Marcus Annaeus Lucanus) (A.D. 39-65)—Roman poet.—446
Lupus—see Wolff, Wilhelm
Luther, Martin (1483-1546)—German theologian and writer; leader of the Reformation; founder of Protestantism (Lutheranism) in Germany; ideologist of the German burghers.— 21, 409, 420
M
Mac Adam, John—Scottish journalist from Glasgow; supported the national liberation movement in Hungary, Italy and other European countries in the 1850s.—505-06
Macdonald, Jacques Etienne Joseph Alexandre, due de Tarente (1765-1840)—Marshal of France, participant in the wars of Napoleonic France.—166, 167
Machiavetti, Niccolô (1469-1527)— Italian politician, historian and writer.—186-87
Maciejowski, Wactaw Aleksander (1793-1883)—Polish historian and lawyer, author of works on the history of Poland and history of law of Slav states.—85
Mackenzie, George—British diplomat, Ambassador in Russia (1710-15).—9
Maclaren, James—English economist of the 19th century, studied the history of money circulation.— 317 Marx, Emilie (1822-1888)—sister of Karl Marx.—356
Marx, Franziska (1851-1852)—daughter of Karl Marx.—56
Marx, Heinrich (1782-1838)—father of Karl Marx; lawyer, Counsellor of Justice in Trier.—315
Marx, Heinrich Guido (Fawksy) (1849-1850)—son of Karl Marx.—56
Marx, Henriette (née Pressburg) (1787-1863)—mother of Karl Marx.—332-34, 336, 341, 345, 347, 350, 356, 387, 408
* Marx, Jenny (née von Westphalen) (1814-1881)—wife of Karl Marx.—7, 14, 31, 33, 36, 43-44, 54-57, 59, 63, 66, 68, 69, 74, 80, 82, 84, 85, 87, 97, 105, 106, 110, 112, 117, 118, 121, 125-28, 130-32, 139-41, 143-46, 148, 150, 151, 153, 155, 161, 176, 189, 196, 204, 213, 214, 222, 223, 226, 228, 240, 242, 247, 255, 258, 265, 282, 285, 289, 293, 296, 306, 307, 308, 309, 311, 313-15, 324, 328, 329, 331, 332, 334, 335, 338, 339, 340, 345, 350, 355, 358-60, 373, 374, 379, 387, 417, 421, 457, 462, 469, 478, 491, 493, 510, 517, 518, 535, 542, 545, 551, 554, 555-57, 561-76 * Marx, Jenny (1844-1883)—Karl Marx's eldest daughter.—33, 129, 130, 243, 250, 253, 314, 331, 337, 338, 466, 553, 557, 563, 564, 571, 575
*Marx, Laura (1845-1911)—Karl Marx's second daughter.—33, 129, 250, 253, 314, 331, 337, 338, 466, 557, 563, 564
Masséna, André, duc de Rivoli, prince d'Essling (1756-1817)—Marshal of France, participant in the wars of the French Republic and Napoleonic France.—164, 165, 166, 177
Mayhew, Horace (1816-1872)—English journalist and humourist writer.—91 in the 1830-31 Polish insurrection and in the 1848-49 revolution in Germany; later a leader of the moderate Polish democratic émigrés; sought for support among the Bonapartist circles in the 1850s.—75, 80, 85, 91, 105, 106
Miklosich, Franz von (Miklosic, Frantisek) (1813-1891)—professor of Slavic philology at Vienna University (1849-86); founder of the comparative grammar of Slavic languages; Slove-nian by birth.—403
Mill, James (1773-1836)—English economist and philosopher.—377
Miquel, Johannes von (1828-1901)— German politician, member of the Communist League; later a national-liberal.—31, 42-44, 59, 99, 100, 106, 134, 135, 136
Mirbach, Otto von (born c. 1800)— retired Prussian artillery officer, democrat; commandant of Elberfeld during the May 1849 uprising; emigrated from Germany.—61, 65, 564
Mockel, Johanna—see Kinkel, Johanna
Moleschott, Jakob (1822-1893)—Dutch physiologist and philosopher, taught in Germany, Switzerland and Italy.— 55, 282, 356
Molière (real name Jean Baptiste Po-
quelin) (1622-1673)—French dramatist.—499
Mommsen, Theodor (1817-1903)—German historian, author of works on the history of Ancient Rome.—127, 294
Montalembert, Charles Forbes René de Tryon, comte de (1810-1870)—French politician and journalist; deputy to the Constituent and Legislative Assemblies (1848-51); Orleanist, leader of the Catholic circles; supported Louis Bonaparte during the coup d'état of 2 December 1851, but soon afterwards joined the opposition.— 351, 361
baron de La Bride et de (1689-1755)— French sociologist, economist and writer.—377, 396
MoreU, John Daniel (1816-1891)— English philosopher, theologist and man of letters; a participant in the Schiller festival in Manchester in November 1859.—530
Morny, Charles Auguste Louis Joseph, due
de (1811-1865)—French politician, Bonapartist; an organiser of the coup d'état of 2 December 1851; Minister of the Interior (December 1851-January 1852); President of the Corps législatif (1854-56, 1857-65); ambassador to Russia (1856-57); step-brother of Napoleon III.—7, 34, 83, 94, 105, 291-93
Mortier, Edouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph, duc de Trévise (1768-1835)—Marshal of France, took part in the wars of Napoleonic France.—163, 166, 167
Morton—one of the acquaintances of the Marx family in London.—572
Muffling, Friedrich Karl Ferdinand, Baron von (1775-1851)—Prussian general, later field-marshal general; military writer; took part in the wars against Napoleonic France.—172, 179, 180, 198
Müller, Adam Heinrich, Ritter von Nitter-
dorf (1779-1829)—German journalist and economist, representative of the so-called Romantic school, which expressed the interests of feudal aristocracy.—4
Miinnich (Munich), Khristofor Antonovich
(Burkhard Christoph), Count von (1683-1767)—Russian field-marshal general, engineer; commander-in-chief of the Russian forces in tie Crimea and Bessarabia during the Russo-Turkish war of 1735-39; German by birth.—3 Müraer, Thomas (c. 1490-1525)—leader of the urban plebeians and poor peasants during the Reformation and the Peasant War of 1525 in Germany; advocated ideas of egalitarian Utopian communism.—21, 420
Murait, Eduard von (1808-1895)—Swiss theologian and historian; Byzantinist; from 1837 curator of theological manuscripts and books at the Imperial Public Library in St. Petersburg.—3
Mural, Joachim (1767-1815)—Marshal of France; took part in the wars of Napoleonic France, King of Naples (1808-15).—107, 165, 166
N
Napier, Sir William Francis Patrick (1785-1860)—British general and military historian.—285
Napoleon I Bonaparte (1769-1821)— Emperor of the French (1804-14 and 1815).—83, 85, 124, 162, 163, 164, 165, 170, 174-75, 177, 179-81, 266, 336, 455, 473, 476
Sapoleon III (Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte) (1808-1873)—nephew of Napoleon I, President of the Second Republic (1848-51), Emperor of the French (1852-70).—6, 7, 31,42-43, 45, 51, 75, 80-84, 89, 94, 105, 107, 109, 133, 157, 170, 193, 194, 214, 216, 229-231, 256, 257-58, 264, 266, 268, 273, 275, 285, 290-92, 296, 306, 308-09, 317, 336, 352, 357, 368, 380, 381-82, 384, 392, 401, 405, 416, 425-28, 430, 434, 435-36, 437, 455, 456, 460, 464-66, 470, 473, 474, 476, 487, 488, 507, 525, 532, 537, 538, 544, 552, 563
Napoleon, Prince—see Bonaparte, Prince Napoleon Joseph Charles Paul ' American landscape architect, author of books on England and North America; contributor to the Putnam's Monthly Magazine; in 1856 travelled to Europe to study park designing.— 68, 71, 81, 97, 100, 101, 102, 105, 106, 124
O'Meagher, J. B.—correspondent of The Times in Paris (1850s-60s.).—82
Omer Pasha (Michael Lattas) (1806-1871)—Turkish general of Croatian origin, commander-in-chief on the Danube (1853-54), in the Crimea (1855) and in the Caucasus (1855-56).—30
Oppenheim, Heinrich Bernhard (1819-1880)—German democratic politician, economist and journalist; refugee in Switzerland, France and England (from 1849); subsequendy a national-liberal.—100, 106, 437
Orges, Hermann, von (1821-1874)— German journalist; an editor of the Augsburg Allgemeine Zeitung (1854-64).—532
Orleans—royal dynasty in France (1830-48).—293, 317
Orsini, Felice (1819-1858) — Italian democrat and republican; prominent figure in the struggle for Italy's national liberation and unification; executed for his attempt on the life of Napoleon III.—255, 276, 277, 289-91, 359, 380
ßfrsted, Anders Sandee (1778-1860)— Danish lawyer and statesman; Prime Minister (1853-54).—132
Oswald, Eugen (1826-1912)—German democratic journalist; took part in the revolutionary movement in Baden in 1848-49; emigrated to England after its defeat.—18 (April-June 1848), Finance Minister (1858-62).—379
Pauer, Ernst (1826-1905)—Austrian composer and pianist; from 1851 lived in London; professor at die Royal College of Music and director of a German song society.—512
Paul, Sir John Dean (1802-1868)— English banker; went bankrupt in June 1855; was sentenced to penal servitude for financial machinations.—72
Paula-Kröcher (Paulaw) from Breslau (Wroclaw).—341, 383
Pauly, August Friedrich von (1796-1845)—German philologist, from 1830 professor of a grammar school in Stuttgart; publisher and editor of Real-Encyklopädie der classischen AÜer-thumswissenschaft.—147, 187
Payne, Annie—English ballet dancer.— 118
Peabody, George (1795-1869)—American financier, philanthropist; head of a bank firm in London (from 1837).—212, 567
Peel, Sir Robert (1788-1850)—British statesman, moderate Tory; Home Secretary (1822-27, 1828-30), Prime Minister (1834-35, 1841-46); repealed the Corn Laws in 1846.—102, 104, 107
Pélissier, Aimable Jean Jacques (1794-1864)—Marshal of France, took part in the conquest of Algeria in the 1830s-early 50s; commander-in-chief in the Crimea (May 1855-July 1856); ambassador to London (1858-59); commander of the army of observation at Nancy (1859).—292, 296, 317, 321, 381 Marx and Engels.—313, 384, 398, 407, 417, 431, 437, 451
Pfeil, Count von—Prussian Junker, member of the Prussian Provincial Diet.—20, 26
Philips—Dutch relatives of Karl Marx.—332
Philips, Lion (1794-1866)—Dutch merchant, maternal uncle of Karl Marx.—336
Philipson, Grigory Ivanovich (1809-1883)—Russian general; took part in the war against Caucasian mountaineers.—310
Pieper, Wilhelm (born c. 1826-1899)— German philologist and journalist; member of the Communist League; refugee in London; was close to Marx and Engels in 1850-53.—8, 14, 22, 32-33, 35, 41-42, 44, 46, 53, 54, 59-60, 61, 65, 66, 69, 76, 98, 120, 124, 125, 128, 171, 174, 225, 232, 242-43, 255, 350, 351, 384, 412, 451, 561
Pierre—see Peter I (the Great)
Pitt, L.K.—cousin of William Pitt the Younger, priest at the English trading station in St. Petersburg.—17
Pitt, William (the Younger) (1759-1806)—British statesman, Tory; Prime Minister (1783-1801, 1804-06).—17
Pius IX (Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti) (1792-1878)—Pope (1846-78).—381, 425
Place, Henri—French financier, a governor of the joint-stock bank Crédit mobilier.—133
Plato (c. 427-c. 347 B. C.)—Greek philosopher.—397 emigrated after its defeat; contributed to the New-York Daily Tribune in the 1850s.—318, 324, 352, 493, 505, 507, 517, 523, 525
Putnam, George Palmer (1814-1872)— American publisher and journalist, published the Putnam's Monthly Magazine (from 1853).—11, 68, 71, 81, 88, 96, 100, 124
Pyat, Félix (1810-1889)—French journalist, playwright and politician, petty-bourgeois democrat; took part in the 1848 revolution; from 1849 refugee in Switzerland, Belgium and England; later opposed Marx and the First International.—37, 38, 95, 277-79, 339, 340, 345, 348, 351
Pythagoras (c. 571-497 B.C.)—Greek mathematician and philosopher.—60
Q
Quételet, Lambert Adolphe Jacques (1796-1874) — Belgian mathematician, statistician and astronomer.—286
Quintilian (Marcus Fabius Quintilianus) (c. 35-c. 96)—Roman rhetorician.— 218
R
Radetzky, Josef, Count von Radetz (1766-1858)—Austrian field marshal; suppressed the national liberation movement in Italy (1848-49); Governor-General of the Kingdom of Lombardy and Veneria (1850-56).—180, 431, 432
Radowitz, Joseph Maria von (1797-1853)—Prussian general and statesman; a Right-wing leader in the Frankfurt National Assembly (1848-49).—398 USA (1840s).—159
Ripley, Roswell Sabine (1823-1887)— American officer and military writer; general from 1861, participant in the war against Mexico (1846-48).—159
Ripperda, Johann Willem (1682-1737)—. Dutch adventurer at the service of Philip V of Spain (1715-26); got the title of Duke and ministerial post.^10
Robert, Cyprien (b. 1807)—French journalist and philologist, professor of Slavic literature and Slavic languages at die Collège de France (1845-57).— 18, 20
Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de (1758-1794)—Jacobin leader in the French Revolution, head of the revolutionary government (1793-94).—25, 548
Robinson, Smith P.—Honorary Secretary of the Anti-Corn Law League.—116
Robinson, Thérèse Albertine Luise (nee
von Jakob) (1797-1870)—German writer (pseudonym Talvj), translator of Serbian folk songs into German.— 20, 26, 123
Rodenberg, Julius (real name Levi, Isaak) (1831-1914)—German poet, writer and journalist.—345
Roesgen, Charles—clerk at Ermen &
Engels in Manchester.—92, 104, 232, 241
Rogers, John—English policeman, witness at Simon Bernard's trial (April 1858).—307
Roth, Eduard Maximilian (1807-1858)— German philosopher.—79
Rothschild, Alfred de (b. 1842)—son of Lionel Nathan de Rothschild (head of die Rothschild banking house in London); in 1850-52 Wilhelm Pieper's pupil; later a banker.—53 Safafik, Pavel Josef (1795-1861)—Slovak philologist, historian and archaeolog-ist; representative of the liberal wing of the national movement; supported the programme of Austro-Slavism.— 16, 19
Saint-Hilaire—see Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Etienne
Saint-Simon, Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de (1760-1825)—French Utopian socialist.— 72
Samelson, Adolph (1817-1888)—German surgeon, oculist, held liberal views; emigrated to Manchester in 1857; took part in the Schiller festival in November 1859.—517-18, 530
Samo (d. 658)—founder and head of the first political union of Western and partly Southern Slavs, named after him (623-58).—19
Sandwith, Humphry (1822-1881)— English military physician, took part in the Crimean war; from February 1855 inspector-general of hospitals and head of medical staff in the Turkish army defending Kars.—22, 27, 34
Sasonov, Nikolai Ivanovich (1815-1862)—Russian radical journalist; emigrated in the early 1840s (lived mainly in France), contributed to various newspapers and magazines.— 69
Say, Jean Baptiste (1767-1832)—French economist, representative of vulgar political economy.—377, 395
Schaffarik—see Safafik, Pavel Josef
Schapper, Karl (c. 1812-1870)—prominent figure in the German and international working-class movement; a leader of the League of the Just; member of the Central Authority of the Communist League; a leader of the sectarian group during the split in the Communist League in 1850; again became a close associate of Marx in
1856; member of the General Council of the First International.—38, 41, 317, 319, 329, 330, 361, 389, 449, 451
Schapper, Susannah—wife of Karl Schapper.—389
Scharnhorst, Gerhard Johann David von (1755-1813)—Prussian general, reorganised the Prussian army; War Minister (1807-10) and Chief of Staff (1807-13); an organiser of national struggle against Napoleonic rule.— 178, 561
Scherzer, Andreas (1807-1879)—German tailor, member of a Paris commune of the Communist League, which was close to the sectarian Willich-Schapper group in 1850; later emigrated to London, a leader of German Workers' Educational Society in London, publisher of Die Neue Zeit and contributor to Das Volk—38, 358, 366, 437, 440, 466, 472, 483
Scheuer.—23
Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich von
(1759-1805)—German poet, dramatist, historian and philosopher.—14, 356, 420, 444, 498, 508, 512, 513, 514, 516-17, 525, 527, 530-34, 536, 537, 556, 574
Schleiden, Matthias Jakob (1804-1881)— German botanist, a theorist of the cell structure of organisms.— 314, 326
Schleinitz, Alexander, Baron von (1807-1885)—Prussian statesman, Minister of Foreign Affairs (June 1848, 1849-50, 1858-61).—520, 538, 575
Schlosser, Friedrich Christoph (1776-1861)—German historian, democrat.—56, 170
Schlözer, August Ludwig von (1735-1809)—German historian and statis-tician, author of works on the history of Russia and on the ancient Russian chronicles.—16, 17 revolution; counsel for the defence at the Cologne Communist Trial (1852).—554
Schnurrer, Christian Friedrich von (1742-1822)—German theologian and Ori-entalist.—16
Schaler, Caroline (1819-1891)—teacher in Cologne, friend of the Marx family.—4, 66, 330, 337, 342, 385, 388, 477
Schönaich, Christoph Otto, Baron von (1725-1807)—German poet, author of an epic poem glorifying Arminius (Hermann), chief of the Germanic tribe of the Cherusci.—375
* »Schramm, Conrad (Konrad) (c. 1822-1858)—prominent figure in the German working-class movement; in 1849 emigrated to London and later to Jersey; responsible editor of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Politisch-ökonomische Revue; member of the Communist League and its London Central Audiority; friend and associate of Marx and Engels.—41, 119, 171, 187-90, 195, 196, 198, 217, 228, 240, 248, 252-53, 257, 263, 264, 296, 312-13, 324, 564, 566, 568
* Schramm, Rudolf (1813-1882)—German democratic journalist, deputy to the Prussian National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848; emigrated to England; supporter of Bismarck in the 1860s; brother of Conrad Schramm.—189, 190, 196, 248, 253, 312, 324, 348, 360, 368, 461, 502
Schröder, Christian Matthias (1812-1892)—head of a large banking firm in Hamburg; went bankrupt at the end of 1857.—212, 567
Schröder, John Henry (1784-1883)— head of a large banking firm in London; brother of Christian Matthias Schröder.—213, 567 Siborne (Siborn), WiUiam (1797-1849)— English military topographer and historian.—289
Skkingen, Franz von (1481-1523)— German knight who joined the Reformation; leader of the knights' uprising in 1522-23.—419-21, 443-45
Siebel, Emilie (née Kampermann) (1812-1878)—Karl Siebel's mother.—424
Siebel, Karl (1836-1868)—German poet; Engels' distant relative, lived in England (1856-60); helped to propa-gate works by Marx and Engels.— 372, 422, 424, 442, 481, 483, 485, 500, 509, 516, 530, 531, 553, 557
Siebel, Karl August (b. 1805)— merchant in Barmen, Karl Siebel's father.—423
Simon, Ludwig (1810-1872)—German lawyer, democrat; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848-49; one of the five Imperial regents in June 1849; emigrated to Switzerland, lived in Paris (1855-70).—32, 63, 90, 106
Simonin, Wilhelmine Joséphine (pseudonym Valérie) (b. 1836)—French actress.—321
Simpson, Sir James (1792-1868)— British general, chief of staff (February-June 1855), commander-in-chief of the British army in the Crimea (June-November 1855).—21
Sismondi, Jean Charles Léonard Simonde
de (1773-1842)—Swiss economist, representative of economic romanticism.—127, 377
Slör, Balthasar—participant in the Peasant War of 1525 in Germany, friend and adviser of Franz von Sickingen.—419, 420, 443
Smith, Adam (1723-1790)—Scottish economist.—284, 377
Socrates (c. 469-c. 399 B.C.)—Greek philosopher.—397
Sophie Dorothea (1687-1757)—wife of Frederick William I of Prussia.—11
Sophocles (c. 497-406 B.C.)—Greek dramatist.—257, 397
Soulouque, Faustin Elie (c. 1782-1867)— President of the Republic of Haiti (1849), Emperor of Haiti under the name of Faustin I (1849-59).—266, 405, 427
Soult, Nicolas Jean de Dieu, duc de Dalmatie (1769-1851)—Marshal of France and statesman; took part in the wars of Napoleonic France; War Minister (1830-34, 1840-45), Foreign Minister (1839-40) and Prime Minister (1832-34, 1839-40, 1840-47).— 165, 166, 174
Speck—assistant manager of Das Volk.— 463, 464, 501
Spinoza, Baruch (Benedictus) de (1632-1677)—Dutch philosopher.—316
Stahr—see Lewaid, Fanny
Stalker, Forster (d. 1857)—British general, commanded British land forces in the Anglo-Persian war of 1856-57; committed suicide.—134
Stanislaus II Augustus (Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski) (1732-1798)—King of Poland (1764-95).—85
Stanley, Edward Henry, Earl of Derby (from 1869) (1826-1893)—British statesman, Tory, Conservative in the 1860s and 1870s, then Liberal; Colonial Secretary (1858, 1882-85) and Secretary of State for India (1858-59), Foreign Secretary (1866-68, 1874-78); son of Edward Derby.— 363 ^
chief of the General Staff of the revolutionary army; after the defeat of the revolution emigrated to Turkey where he assumed the name of Ferhad Pasha; fought against Russia in the Caucasus (1857-58).—318
Steinthal—owner of the Manchester trading firm in which Georg Weerth was employed in 1852-56.—72, 100, 103, 484
Stephens (Stevens), John Edward—English banker, a governor of the London and the Eastern Bank, was brought to trial for financial machinations in December 1857.—223
Steuart, Sir James, afterwards Denham (1712-1780)—English economist, one of the last representatives of mercan-tilism.—301, 377
Stewart (afterwards Vane), Charles William, Marquis of Londonderry (1778-1854)—British general.—164
Stieber, Wilhelm (1818-1882)—Prussian police officer, an organiser of the prosecution at the Cologne Communist Trial (1852), chief of the Prussian political police (1850-60).—31, 41, 56, 378, 379, 536, 552, 554
Stirner, Max (real name Schmidt, Johann
Caspar) (1806-1856) — German Young Hegelian philosopher, an ideologist of individualism and anarch-ism.— 70
Stirner-Schmidt, Marie Wilhelmine (née
Dähnhardt) (1818-1902)—Max Stirner's wife.—71
Stockum, Franz August von—merchant in Düsseldorf, Count Hatzfeldt's so-licitor in his divorce case, was sentenced to prison for forgery in 1855.—23
Stocqueler, Joachim Hayward (1800-1885)—English journalist, compiler of the military encyclopaedic dictionary.—135
Strahan, William (born c. 1808)— English banker, partner of a firm which went bankrupt in June 1855;
was sentenced to penal servitude for financial machinations.—72
Stratford de Redcliffe, Stratford Canning, Viscount (1786-1880)—British diplomat, envoy to Constantinople (1810-12, 1825-28, 1841-58).—28-31
Stritter, Johann Gotthelf (1740-1801)— Russian historian, author of works on the history of Slavs and ancient Russia, German by birth.—16, 17
Strodtmann, Adolf (1829-1879)—German democratic writer; took part in the revolutionary movement in Schles-wig-Holstein in 1848; emigrated in 1850; admirer and biograph-er of Gottfried Kinkel.—359, 553
Strohn, Wilhelm—member of the Communist League, refugee resident in Bradford; an acquaintance of Marx and Engels.—69, 84, 439, 467, 475, 480, 481
Struve, Gustav von (1805-1870)— German democratic journalist; a leader of the Baden uprisings in April and September 1848 and of the Baden-Palatinate uprising of 1849; one of the leaders of the German petty-bourgeois refugees in England; fought in the US Civil War on the side of the Northerners.—359, 446
Sturge, Joseph (1793-1859)—British politician, Free Trader; joined Chartists with the purpose of retaining the working class under the influence of the radical bourgeoisie.— 264
Swan—see Sandwith, Humphry
Swingwood—150
Swoboda (Svoboda), Vaclav Alois (1791-1849)—Czech writer and poet, translated Czech folk songs into German.—19, 26 T
Talandier, Pierre Théodore Alfred (1822-1890)—French democratic journalist; took part in the 1848 revolution; emigrated to London after the coup d'état of 1851.—38, 277, 278
Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles Maurice, prince de (1754-1838)—French diplomat, Foreign Minister (1797-99, 1799-1807, 1814-15); represented France at the Vienna Congress (1814-15).—416
Talvj—see Robinson, Thérèse Albertine Luise
Tassilier—French printer; exiled to Cayenne in June 1848.— 31
Taube, Friedrich Wilhelm von (1728-1778)—Austrian lawyer, historian and economist, government official from 1763; made a trip to Southern Slav countries in 1776-77.—15
Tauentzien von Wittenberg, Bogislaw Friedrich Emanuel, Count (1760-1824)—Prussian general, took part in the wars against Napoleonic France in 1813-14.—179
Tausenau, Karl (1808-1873)—Austrian democrat; participant in the 1848 revolution; emigrated to London in 1849.—18, 456
Taylor, Bayard (1825-1878)—American traveller, writer and journalist, correspondent of the New-York Daily Tribune.—197, 566
Taylor, Tom (1817-1880)—English dramatist and journalist, in the 1850s contributor to and in 1874-80 editor of the satirical magazine Punch; Secretary to the Board of Health from 1854.—113
Tchorzewsky, Stanislaw—Polish refugee in London, owner of a bookshop; Alexander Herzen's friend, his agent in publishing and distributing Russian emigrant literature.—349 school in political economy.—102, 126, 284, 377
Touroute—French retired colonel, lived in Germany.—30, 45
Troost, Abraham Eduard Robert (1816-1874)—German businessman, co-owner of Abr. Troost u. Söhne, a firm which had branches in Elberfeld and Manchester.—235
Trübner, Nikolaus (1817-1884)—German bookseller and publisher in London, David Nutt's partner.—46, 52, 285, 399
Truelove, Edward—publisher in London, in February 1858 was put on trial for publishing a pamphlet jus-tifying Orsini's attempt on the life of Napoleon III.—275, 276
Tucker, £—London publisher.—110, 111, 115
Turner, Jack—son of James Aspinall Turner.— 118
Turner, James Aspinall (1797-1867)— English cotton manufacturer and politician, Tory, President of the Manchester Commercial Association, M.P.—113, 118
Tiirr, Istvân (Ahmet Kiamil Bey) (1825-1908)—Hungarian officer, participant in the 1848-49 revolutions in Italy and Germany; refugee in Turkey, fought in the Crimean War on the side of the Allies and in the war of the Caucasian mountaineers against Russia.—324, 326
U
Unland, Johann Ludwig (1787-1862)— German romantic poet; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left Centre) in 1848-49.—436, 525 the Turkish troops on the Kerch Peninsula (1855-56).—28-30
Vögele, Augast—German refugee, compositor in Hollinger's print-shop in London (1859).—521
Vogt,Karl (1817-1895)—German natural scientist, petty-bourgeois democrat; deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly (Left wing) in 1848-49; one of the five imperial regents (June 1849); emigrated in 1849; later received subsidies from Napoleon III; slandered proletarian revolutionaries.—428, 434, 436, 458, 460, 465, 468, 477, 479, 486-88, 498, 503, 514, 515, 519, 520, 521-22, 523-25, 533, 537, 539-43, 546, 549, 550
Voigt, Johannes (1786-1863)—German historian, author of a voluminious work on the history of Prussia.— 16
Voigt, Mikulâs (Adauctus) (1733-1787)— Czech historian, philologist and numismatist of die Enlightenment; collector of ancient literary texts.—16
Voltaire, Francois Marie Arouet (1694-
1778)—French philosopher, writer and historian of the Enlightenment.—75
Vorontsov (Woronzoff), Mikhail Semy-onovich, Prince (1782-1856)—Russian statesman, general, commander-in-chief of the troops in Transcaucasia and Governor-General in the Caucasus; uncle of Sidney Herbert.— 119
W
Wachsmuth, Ernst Wilhelm Gottlieb (1784-1866)—German historian, professor in Leipzig.—259
Walewski, Alexandre Florian Joseph Colon-no, comte (1810-1868)—French diplomat and statesman, son of Napoleon I and Polish Countess Marie Walewska; Foreign Minister (1855-60).—42.
Westphalen, Edgar von (1819-c. 1890) —Jenny Marx's brother, member of the Brussels Communist Correspondence Committee (1846); lived in America in 1847-65.—41, 63, 92, 564, 575
Westphalen, Ferdinand Otto Wilhelm Hen-ning von (1799-1876)—Prussian statesman, Minister of the Interior (1850-58); Jenny Marx's step-brother.—68, 336, 379, 561, 562, 574-75
Westphalen, Heinrich Georg von (1768-1855)—Jenny Marx's uncle.—561, 575 Westphalen, Johann Ludwig von (1770-1842)—Jenny Marx's father, Privy Councillor in Trier.—561, 575
Wette, Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de (1780-1849) —German theologian, author of works on the so-called biblical archaeology.—259
* Weydemeyer, Joseph (1818-1866)— prominent figure in the German and American working-class movement; member of the Communist League; took part in the 1848-49 revolution in Germany; emigrated to the USA in 1851, one of the first propagand-ists of scientific communism there, participant in the US Civil War on the side of the Northerners; friend and associate of Marx and Engels.— 338, 374, 384, 440, 469
Weydemeyer, Louise (née Lüning) (b. 1822)—wife of Joseph Weydemeyer.—374
Whiteside, James (1804-1876)—Irish lawyer and politician, Tory, M.P., Attorney-General (1858-59, 1866).— 431
Wilhelmine Friederike Sophie, Margravine of Bayreuth (1709-1758)—the eldest daughter of Frederick William I of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great.—10 Wintzingerode, Ferdinand Fyodorovich, Baron von (1770-1818)—German-born Russian general, participant in the wars against Napoleonic France.—179
Wiss, Georg Eduard—German physician and journalist, Young Hegelian; took part in the 1848-49 revolution in Germany; in the early 1850s emigrated to London and later to the USA; associate of Kinkel.—363
Withers—London creditors of the Marx family.—572
Wohl-Straus, Jeannette (1783-1861)— friend of Ludwig Börne.—32
Wolff, Ferdinand (Red Wolf) (1812-1895)—German journalist, member of the Communist League; an editor of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung (1848-49); emigrated from Germany; associate of Marx and Engels; subsequently gave up politics.—88
Wolff, Wilhelm (Lupus) (1809-1864)— German teacher, proletarian revolutionary; member of the Central Authority of the Communist League from March 1848; an editor of the
Neu« Rheinische Zeitung (1848-49); emigrated to Switzerland, later to England; friend and associate of Marx and Engels.—24, 27, 33, 37, 42, 44-45, 59, 70, 72, 87, 89, 91, 99, 108, 110, 120, 121, 124, 127, 128, 130, 131, 135, 136, 143, 144, 156, 157, 158, 199, 213, 217, 223, 225, 226, 227, 228, 232, 233, 236, 239, 240, 242, 250, 251, 253, 262, 264, 275, 278, 282, 288, 293, 307, 310, 314, 318-20, 322, 325, 326, 337, 338, 340, 341, 342-43, 344, 347, 349, 351-53, in Lassalle's Franz von Sickingen.— 419, 420, 443
Benedick (Benedict)—a character in Shakespeare's comedy Much Ado About Nothing; a wit and mocker who pretended to be a women-hater but soon fell in love and married.—33
Berlichingen, Götz (Gottfried)—a character in Goethe's play of the same name and in Lassalle's Franz von Sickingen.—419, 420
Brey—a character in Goethe's JEtn Fast-nachtsspiel auch wohl zu tragieren Ost-ern, vom Pater Brey, dem falschen Propheten, a lewd hypocrite.—541
Briseis (Gr. Myth.)—prisoner and beloved of Achilles who caused a quarrel between him and the Greeks' leader Agamemnon in the Trojan War.—512
Caliban—a character in Shakespeare's comedy The Tempest, half-a-man, half-a-monster.—81
Capuchin—a character in Schiller's Wallensteins Lager.—530
Charles V (Emperor)—a character in Lassalle's Franz von Sickingen.—419-21, 443, 445
Crispinus—a character from Juvenal's satire, a courtier of the Roman Emperor Domitian.—391
Don Quixote—the tide character in Cer-vantes' novel.—419
Falstaff, Sir John—a character in Shakespeare's tragedy King Henry IV and his comedy The Merry Wives of Windsor; a sly fat braggart and jes-ter.—41, 444
Faust—hero of a medieval German legend, the tide character in Goethe's tragedy and Marlowe's play The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.—91 Matthew (Bib.)—one of the evangel-ists.—122
The Moor of Venice—see Othello
Munchausen—an extravaganty menda-cious story-teller.—127
Nothanker—a character in Christoph Friedrich Nicolai's novel Das Leben und die Meinungen des Herrn Magisters Sebaldus Nothanker, a priest.—13
Oedipus (Gr. Myth.)—King of Thebes, hero of Sophocles' tragedies Oedipus Tyrannus and Oedipus at Colonus.— 397
Orlando Furioso—title character in Lodovico Ariosto's epic poem.— 111
Othello—the title character in Shakespeare's tragedy Othello, the Moor of Venice.—55
Pistol—a character in Shakespeare's tragedies King Henry IV and King Henry V and his comedy The Merry Wives of Windsor; braggart and liar.—127
Priapus (Gr. Myth.)—God of fields, gardens and fertility, patron of sen-sual pleasures.—11
Quasimodo—a character in Hugo's
Notre-Dame de Paris; his name came to personify ugliness.—351
Richard von Greifenklau—Elector and Archbishop of Trier, a character in Lassalle's Franz von Sickingen.—420, 443
Samson (Bib.)—a hero famous for his supernatural strength and courage.— 213
Sickingen, Franz von—title character in Lassalle's play.—419-21, 443-45
Teiresias (Tiresias) (Gr. Myth.)—a blind prophet who predicted Oedipus tragic destiny; a character in Sopho-cle's tragedy Oedipus Tyrannus.—397
Visvamitra—mythical King in ancient Indian epic poem Ramayana who tried to get hold of the miraculous cow Sabala, which would fulfil all his wishes; a character in Heine's poem from the cycle Buch der Lieder. Die Heimkehr.—14
Waschlapski—a character in Heme's poem Zwei Ritter, a Polish nobleman, who leads a life of idleness in emigration.—264
Zoroaster (or Zarathustra) (6th cent. B.C.)—legendary founder of Persian religion.—63