Subject Index

A

Abstraction— 32, 91, 159, 171, 228, 253, 358, 360-61, 365, 367-68, 371, 379, 390, 433, 437, 439, 443, 450, 451, 471, 473, 476, 479, 502-03, 511 Accumulation of capital—87, 135, 138, 140, 147-48, 157, 205, 524, 527, 531 —in the form of money — 143, 187, 192-94, 196, 443, 456, 457, 474, 488-89, 491, 495, 509 —and surplus value — 157 —primitive — 153, 229, 233, 423, 481-82, 512, 513, 525, 527, 531 —bourgeois political economy on— 135, 136, 138, 140, 143, 169, 531 Advanced capital— 36, 137, 144 Africa— 318, 456 Agriculture— 28, 58-60, 75-76, 90, 97, 100-02, 105, 111, 115, 119-21, 125-26, 129, 132, 136-38, 154, 156-58, 205, 228, 232, 465-66, 481, 516, 517, 527, 531 Alienation, estrangement—64, 70, 175, 209-11, 220, 263, 285, 427, 440, 445, 461-63, 467, 470, 486, 505, 518, 522, 531 America—187, 243, 295, 312, 368, 382, 388, 440, 460-61, 476-77 See also United States of America, the Annuity—108 Antagonism— 40, 91, 94, 153, 221, 263-64, 331-32, 469, 529

Antiquity—162, 164, 194, 212, 214, 392-93, 435, 458-60, 475, 524 Art — 91, 93-94, 177, 456 Asia—170, 188, 233-34, 275, 361, 368, 382, 388, 428, 436, 440, 448, 456, 460, 508 Australia—11, 342, 368, 384, 388

B

Bank notes—181, 182, 187, 195, 319-20,

337, 399-400, 404, 414, 416 Banks—10, 67, 171, 186, 224, 303, 312,

318-20, 331, 346, 379, 400, 404, 414 Barter— 234, 290-91, 305, 327, 332-33 Baits and superstructure—263 Bourgeois political economy—77-78, 97-

98, 100, 136-43, 210, 221, 276, 297, 302, 345, 412, 438, 448-51

C

California—222, 342 Capital—13-14, 26-27, 39, 62-63, 77-78, 80-81, 83-85, 87, 88, 91, 93-94, 118-19, 129-30, 141-42, 201, 209-10, 221, 261, 496, 502, 505, 511, 514, 515-16, 518-22, 527 —as a relation of production — 66-67 —appropriation of alien labour — 22-23, 26, 34, 51, 60, 64, 83-91, 93, 108, 119, 124-25, 145-46, 150, 151, 201, 202, 210, 503-04 —genesis of — 62-63, 120-22, 132, 481-82 —tendencies of development — 38, 39, 83-84, 115 —and labour — 81, 201, 209-10, 221, 503-04 —and surplus labour — 15, 25, 41, 53, 60, 132, 141, 143-45, 157-58, 160 —and surplus value — 9, 15, 17-18, 20, 28, 31-32, 40-41, 48, 50, 53-54, 56, 60, 75, 89, 103-04, 107, 126-27, 129-30, 143-44, 146, 151-53, 155, 157-58, 201, 228, 249, 524-25 —and development of productive forces — 38, 84-85, 88-89, 92, 100-02, 104, 123-25, 132-35, 149-50, 157-60, 228-29, 512, 516, 522, 524, 529, 531 —and value — 89, 127, 129-31, 141-44, 146, 150-51, 200, 202, 513, 526 —and profit — 18-19, 23, 28, 31, 37, 55, 74, 88-89, 107-08, 126, 129-35, 138, 140-47, 151, 155, 201-03, 206, 219, 228, 244, 249-50, 516, 521, 531 —and interest — 28, 68, 77, 96-97, 108, 129, 220-21, 228, 249 —depreciation of — 11, 23, 53, 107, 134, 524 —and agriculture, landed property—

59, 100, 102, 125-26, 132, 516, 521 —wages — 63, 66-67, 71, 86, 121,

140-41 —constituent parts of — 50-51, 56-57,

60, 63, 67, 69, 81, 88, 108, 111, 118, 128, 131, 145-48, 151, 154, 156-58, 198, 200-02, 206, 512, 526, 530, 531 —as a commodity — 7, 25, 28, 34, 68, 115, 226, 250, 416, 475-76, 497-98, 502 —necessity of increase — 17, 25, 38,

48, 100, 104, 138, 512, 516, 522 —and labour capacity (power)—54-

55, 64, 66, 68, 71, 87-90, 98, 121-22, 151-52, 157, 227, 502, 503-05, 511, 521-22, 528 —and production costs — 14, 23, 48-

49, 52, 67, 143-45, 161, 223, 522, 530

—metamorphosis of — 15, 17, 26, 48,

61-62, 67, 82, 107, 113, 528 —and pre-capitalist socio-economic formations — 38-39, 228-29, 505 —fictitious — 49 —bourgeois theories of — 52, 77-80, 87-89, 108-09, 143-45, 218, 221, 276, 390, 416-17 See also Accumulation of capital; Advanced capital; "Capital in general"; Concentration and centralisation of capital; Exploitation of the worker under capitalism; Fixed capital; Industrial capital; Joint-stock capital; Labour capacity (power); Loan capital; Money as a form of capital; Organic composition of capital; Productive capital; Reproduction; Turnover of capital; Value; Variable capital "Capital in general"—11, 47, 84, 227-28, 247, 511 Capitalist relations of production—-see Capital; Relations of production Chemistry— 111, 120, 136, 138, 149, 156 China—115, 224, 312, 313, 352, 382, 388, 460 Circuit of capital—12, 27, 65, 324, 329-32, 357 Circulating capital— 9-11, 24, 27, 28-31, 32-36, 40, 51, 65, 66, 67-78, 81, 84, 86, 88-89, 93, 95, 96, 99-100, 102-08, 111-14, 116-20, 122-27, 143, 148, 150, 202-05, 207, 208, 218, 220, 229, 515-16, 526, 528-31 Circulation— 7-8, 10, 13-15, 18-19, 21-

27, 31, 32, 49-51, 53-57, 60-63, 65, 66-69, 71, 80, 89, 102, 110, 115, 116, 122-23, 125-27, 164, 171, 186, 190-94, 204, 237-38, 241-42, 248-50, 303-04, 324, 325, 327-34, 342, 359, 423-28, 431, 433, 434, 437, 439-48, 456-58, 461-64, 466-68, 472-75, 478, 480, 482, 484, 485-91, 494, 496-99, 506-09, 511, 518, 521, 525-28 —conditions of — 68, 110, 527, 528 —phases of — 26-27, 29, 30, 76, 107,

113, 115-16, 122 —simple — 7-9, 12, 13, 19-21, 24, 25, 27, 34, 49, 58, 60-62, 67, 68, 102, 115-16, 127-28, 142, 158, 171, 176, 181, 183, 190, 191, 193, 194, 195, 215, 216, 229, 231, 241-42, 249-50, 329, 333-42, 422-23, 433, 434, 437, 439-40, 443-46, 451, 452, 458, 459, 461-501, 504-06, 508-09, 511, 518, 525, 528 —of capital — 7, 11, 15, 18, 23-30, 31-35, 48, 55, 57, 58, 60-63, 66-69, 75-78, 80, 86, 88-89, 102-16, 122-28, 129, 149-51, 155, 158, 202, 226, 231, 250, 437, 494-98, 501, 514-15, 521, 524, 525, 526, 530 —and production — 7-11, 15-17, 19, 22, 26, 33-34, 49, 50, 53-56, 62-63, 65-67, 71-72, 80, 101-02, 106, 110, 123, 127-28, 129, 149-50, 154, 171-72, 452, 466, 480-82, 490-93, 498-99, 521, 524, 525, 526, 528 —and relations of production — 27, 28, 466 —and exchange — 12-14, 19, 21, 24-25, 32, 53, 57, 116-17, 127-28, 195, 323, 361, 461, 462, 466-68, 474, 475, 521 —circulation time and labour time— 8, 14-19, 21, 23, 27, 42, 56, 58-62, 68, 72, 76, 89, 104, 105, 126, 128, 150, 526, 528 —and value — 10, 14-15, 17-27, 33, 34, 49, 51, 65, 71-72, 76, 104-05, 108, 110-12, 114-16, 122, 127-28, 149-50, 176, 190-94, 202-03, 229, 231, 249-50, 428, 430-32, 434, 440, 442-43, 462-63, 475, 480-97, 498, 499, 511, 526 —and surplus value — 50, 54, 89, 495 —and turnover of capital and circulating capital — 70, 72, 76, 77, 103-09, 111-14, 116-20, 122-24, 202-03, 528 —and credit — 49, 62-63, 116, 526, 528 See also Reproduction Classes— 60, 74, 163, 169, 187, 196,

226-30, 261 See also Working class Classical bourgeois political economy—33,

69, 77-78, 118, 135-38, 163, 191-9*2, 224-25, 238, 297-301, 446-47, 449, 450, 463, 466, 468-69, 476-78, 488, 517, 521-22, 526-30 Coin—166, 171-72, 176, 179, 181, 183-85, 190-93, 214-15, 243-44, 246-47, 312, 314, 335, 342-56, 359-60, 371,

428, 433, 435-45, 456-57, 485-92, 494, 508-09 Combination of labour—91, 95, 149, 154, 157 Commodity — 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 18, 20-21, 24-25, 28, 33-34, 49, 50, 56, 58, 62, 110, 111, 114-17, 163, 169, 175, 176, 180, 189, 190, 204, 221, 226, 231, 241, 243, 246-47, 249-51, 252-53, 264, 270-72, 281-84, 290-93, 302, 323, 325-26, 360, 424-26, 430-31, 432-33, 440-41, 445, 447-51, 452-68, 471-74, 475, 476, 478-80, 481-88, 490-91, 496-504, 524-25, 530 Communism (socio-economic formation)—87, 263 —prerequisites for — 91-95, 253 —necessity of socialist revolution— 134 —character and organisation of production and labour — 12, 87, 91-94, 97-98, 210-11 —law of the saving of labour time—

96-98 —development of productive forces — 94-98 —wealth — 93-94 —science under — 97 —division of labour — 21 —consumption — 21, 97 —development of the individual— 12, 91-94, 210 Community, commune—125-26, 233, 245, 253, 275, 290-91, 381, 438, 463, 464, 468 Competition— 37-40, 47, 59, 79, 115, 116, 122, 135-36, 138-39, 145-46, 158-60, 294, 514, 524, 526, 528 Concentration and centralisation of capital— 49, 88, 229, 477, 527 Conquest—170, 187, 459 Constant capital—128, 145-46, 150-61, 196-97, 198-209, 512, 524, 528 Consumption—21, 23-25, 27, 35-36, 48, 51, 57, 66, 68, 71, 75, 77, 82, 92, 96, 101, 102, 104, 106, 109-11, 114-18, 124, 127, 135, 142, 155, 202, 217, 234, 240, 251, 269, 278, 283, 290, 362, 427, 450, 457, 458, 478, 480, 485, 490, 492, 493, 495, 502-04, 506, 509, 511, 512, 515, 522, 524 Content and form—16, 19, 20, 28, 34, 38-39, 47, 49, 50, 53, 57, 61-62, 65, 70, 81, 84, 85, 91-92, 94, 98, 118-19, 134, 143, 152, 153, 172, 228-30, 234, 252, 263-64, 270, 272, 275-76, 283, 288-90, 293, 297-99, 303-05, 307, 323, 331, 334, 335, 336, 357, 358, 360, 361, 363, 371-72, 374, 461, 464, 466, 467, 471-74, 484, 485, 489, 494, 496, 497, 504, 505, 507, 518, 523, 529 Costs of circulation, of exchange—7, 8, 13-15, 21-24, 32, 49, 52, 61, 124, 149, 526, 528 Credit—12, 48-50, 56, 60, 62-63, 116, 171, 229, 340-41, 375, 414, 432-33 Credit money— 303, 350, 399-400

D

Demand and supply—11, 35, 47, 121, 138, 163, 176, 197, 204, 226, 302, 515, 525 Dialectics—139, 505 Distribution— 20, 49, 74, 97, 142-44,

169, 211, 235, 512, 516, 521, 530, 532 Division of labour— 8, 13, 15, 17, 21, 22,

62, 90, 139, 149, 154-57, 206, 275, 292-94, 299, 323, 329, 425, 444, 447, 465-70, 513, 518, 531 Dual character of labour— 271-72, 277,

292, 472-74

E

East, the—440 Economic categories—34, 39, 159, 160, 163-64, 219, 297-98 Economic crises—10, 12, 50, 90, 91, 94, 105-07, 133-34, 153, 177, 244-46, 314, 318, 333, 374, 378, 409, 412-14, 425, 427, 433, 436, 441, 525, 532 Economic laws—12, 38-41, 47, 58, 63, 64, 131-33, 134-37, 138-40, 145-47, 151-52, 160, 171, 190, 195, 196, 209, 211, 219, 220, 300, 302, 341, 354-56, 380, 423-24, 425, 434, 437, 443, 449-50, 462-64, 518, 525-27, 532 Egypt, ancient—152, 361, 392-93 England (Great Britain)— 75, 97, 115, 120-22, 153, 166-70, 177-86, 191,

192, 215, 219, 230, 235-37, 247-49, 368, 407-08, 431, 432, 436-37, 447-49, 465-66, 481, 518, 531 —domination on the world market— 247, 476-77 —industry and railways — 105, 166-68, 197, 198, 205-08, 231, 531, 532 —foreign trade — 75, 115, 177, 247-48, 409, 447-48 —commercial crisis of 1857 — 314 —finances — 63, 172, 175, 178-79, 181, 183, 185-92, 218-19, 227, 230, 237, 246-49, 309-15, 319, 339, 346-48, 357-58, 375-76, 422, 436-37, 440, 532 See also Scotland Equilibrium— 294, 333, 382, 405-06 Equivalent^-212, 275, 276, 280, 282, 283, 284, 291, 357 Europe— 232, 344, 368-69, 380, 382,

388, 394, 435-36, 440, 508 Exchange— 8, 13-15, 17, 21-22, 32, 62-

64, 95, 133, 191, 233, 242, 461-62, 468-72, 476-78, 481, 511-12, 521, 525-26, 532 —development of — 32 —between communities — 126, 245, 253, 290-91, 381, 438, 463 —of surpluses — 25, 360-61, 480-82 —in pre-capitalist socio-economic formations — 64, 126, 430 —simple (money-for-commodity)— 57, 143, 221, 282-88, 292, 324, 328, 361, 432, 445-46, 461-65, 467-68, 470-71, 476, 496 —and money — 289, 291, 292, 445-46, 472-73 —between capital and labour — 20, 25-26, 37, 59, 63-64, 66-68, 71,81, 86, 87, 90, 111, 123, 124, 130-33, 137, 144-48, 151, 153, 156-57, 176, 201, 202, 220, 221, 244, 502-06, 522 —of equivalents — 19-21, 52, 53, 63, 144, 145, 176, 197, 220, 231, 284-85, 462, 471-75, 478, 486-89 —non-equivalent — 64, 144, 145, 220, 231, 244, 357 —and circulation — 13-15, 19, 21-22, 25, 32, 53, 57, 116, 127-28, 195, 323, 361, 461-62, 466-68, 475, 522 —and production — 8, 12, 16, 25, 63, 127-28, 466, 476 —and division of labour — 8, 17, 21-22, 62, 299-300, 464-65 —and consumption — 466 —and use value — 468-69 —and value — 19, 232, 468 Exchange value—12-14, 19-20, 25, 34-35, 48, 63, 64, 70, 92-93, 99, 126, 151-53, 202, 228, 231, 233, 235, 244, 252-54, 269-72, 275-84, 289-91, 295-96, 300-02, 304-08, 323, 326, 349-50, 361, 365-67, 376, 383, 389-90, 424-26, 428, 430-33, 437, 443-48, 456, 458-59, 461-67, 471, 473-506, 511, 521-22 Exploitation of the worker under capitalism— 127, 134, 147, 153, 228 See also Capital; Surplus labour; Surplus value; Worker; Working class

F

Factory— 66, 67, 80, 82, 198, 205, 469 Family— 253, 275, 290 Fetishism— 40, 77, 210, 276, 289-91, 386-87 Feudalism—120, 121, 126, 153, 211, 214, 232-34, 243, 431, 460 Fixed capital — 9, 10, 28-33, 34-36, 51-52, 58, 60, 68-77, 80-89, 92, 93, 95-98, 99-114, 117-20, 122-26, B I -SO, 137, 145-50, 201-05, 207, 208, 218, 220, 515, 516, 528, 530 Formations (social)—253 See also Antiquity; Communism; Feudalism; Pre-capitalist socio-economic formations; Slavery France— 63, 141, 167, 178, 181, 188, 213, 220, 236-42, 291-92, 294-95, 310, 313, 318, 400, 422 Freedom— 37-40, 91, 137, 138, 143, 464, 466, 470, 471, 475-76, 518, 521 Free (disposable) time— 22, 29, 91, 93-94,

97, 103, 158, 512, 524, 528, 529

G

General (average) rate of profit—42, 59,

74, 135, 145, 196, 530 Generality—Particularity—Singularity—

289, 308, 331, 382, 492 Gold and silver—190, 245-46, 380-81, 423, 431, 434-35, 452, 456-57

—as the natural substance of value—

223, 289-90, 304-06, 350, 357-58, 380, 385, 387-—as a commodity — 85, 178, 184,

191, 222, 241, 304, 306, 322, 325-28, 345, 381, 383, 385, 433-39, 440-41, 443, 446, 452, 455-59, 478 —as money — 14, 85, 172-75, 178-86,

190, 241, 245-47, 290, 304, 325-26, 328-29, 338-39, 355-58, 361, 366, 369, 385-86, 387, 421-22, 428, 434-39, 441-45, 452-59, 487, 495, 502, 503, 508-09 —as a form of wealth — 245, 358-61,

363, 370, 428, 433, 435-38, 440-41, 443, 447, 457-58, 479, 495, 509 —gold standard of money — 173-83,

193-95, 310-11, 345-46 —deposits and extraction of — 11, 387-88, 436, 440, 451, 455-56, 459-61 —natural properties — 387, 452-60 —luxury articles — 243, 368-69, 428,

442-44, 456-58 —in bullion and coin — 181, 183-86,

243, 342-43, 345, 368-69, 436-37, 442-43 —weight unit of — 174, 175, 308 —and production — 11, 386, 441, 455, 459 —and circulation — 327, 338-40, 382,

414, 439, 443 —in world trade — 245-47, 382-83,

437 —and economic crises — 244-46, 441 —and the world market — 381-84, 435-43, 508-09 —value ratio of gold and silver—

313, 387-88, 459-61 —depreciation of — 187, 460-61 Greece—164, 212, 361, 460

H

History— 38, 40, 61, 87-88, 100, 133, 149, 172, 181, 210-11, 253, 436, 463, 465, 469, 475, 481-82, 505, 518, 522, 525 Hoarding-—359-70, 379-80, 383 See also Gold and silver; Money—;n a hoard Holland— 293, 342, 357-58 I

India — 75-76, 152, 192, 227, 233, 236, 253, 275, 313, 363, 436, 446, 448, 460, 464 Individual—12, 21-22, 27, 29, 35, 37, 38, 40, 60, 62, 86, 88, 91-98, 101, 119, 121, 125-26, 133, 228, 253, 426, 437, 451, 461, 465, 470, 471, 473, 474, 487, 504, 506, 518, 521 —in bourgeois society — 38-40, 98 —his social nature — 93, 94, 464, 465, 469-71 — his historical development — 91-92, 97, 98, 133 — relationship of individuals — 62, 91, 97, 98. 101, 446, 461, 464-66, 473-74 —and development of productive forces — 29, 38, 91-98, 465-66 —his reproduction — 101, 210, 469, 470 —and free time — 29, 91, 93-94, 97 —as "fixed capital"—97 —under communism — 12-14, 97, 98, 210 —and nature — 86, 91-92, 119, 455, 459, 460 —and regeneration of organism — 60 —his consciousness — 92, 471, 487 Industrial capital—482, 515 Industry— 28, 59, 89-91, 93, 100, 101,

105, 107, 108, 111, 115, 117, 121, 125, 131, 136-38, 145-46, 154, 156, 159, 166, 167, 198, 206, 231-34, 437, 456, 477, 481, 517, 531 Instruments of production—77, 96, 101,

110-12, 120, 124, 141, 146, 148, 149, 199, 200, 435, 455, 516, 529 Interest (econ.)—28, 31, 37, 48, 77,

107, 108, 142, 144, 218-20, 225, 226-30, 235, 249 Ireland—198, 293 Italy—167, 212, 214-15, 232, 234, 295, 448, 481

J

Japan— 388, 460 Joint-stock capital—48 Joint-stock companies—205

L

Labour— 20-21, 34, 84-88, 90-91, 94-95,

127-28, 153-54, 196, 221, 222, 459, 460, 462, 464-65, 472-73, 474, 510, 511, 518, 522-23 —as substance of value — 156, 174, 176, 196, 197, 271, 276 —alienation of, under capitalism— 64, 462, 463 —alienation of conditions of labour — 209-10 —as use value — 503-04, 505 —private and social, individual and general — 63, 83-87, 89-91, 95, 271-73, 275, 286, 292, 321, 334, 462, 463, 466-73 —necessary and surplus — 15, 22, 29, 60, 83, 87, 88, 91-95, 106-08, 130-32, 134, 137, 144, 146-52, 156, 196, 200, 227 —average — 272-73 —industrial and agricultural — 59-60, 94-96 —simple and skilled — 271-73 —living and objectified — 14-15, 20, 26-28, 48, 59, 63-64, 66, 83-88, 90-92, 93, 99-101, 107, 108, 119, 120, 123-25, 127-29, 134, 141, 144-149, 151, 156, 160, 176, 196, 198-200, 209, 271, 460-65, 466-68, 502, 503-05, 506, 521 —as condition of human existence— 278 — "co-existing"—86-88, 100-02, 133, 205 —scientific — 85, 86, 89-91 — forced — 121, 122 —in pre-capitalist socio-economic formations — 121, 156, 229, 469, 470 —under communism — 87, 88-92, 97, 98 —conditions and prerequisites of— 82, 201, 202, 209 —intensity of — 155, 156, 222 —qualification of — 222, 456 —continuity of — 204 —reproduction of — 127 —as self-realisation of the individual — 89-91 —and wealth — 89-92, 94-95, 209, 228, 277, 294, 522 —and property — 64, 209, 461-63, 504-05, 510, 518, 523-24 —and labour time — 59, 271 —and labour capacity (power)—502,

503-05, 526-27 —system of machines — 83 —and population — 147, 154 —and mode of appropriation — 461-

63 —and circulation — 462-64 —and money — 466-68 See also Division of labour; Dual character of labour; Necessary labour; Productive labour; Property; Surplus labour; Wage labour Labour capacity (power)—63, 64, 66-68, 71, 81, 83-84, 87-88, 90-91, 111, 119, 137, 144, 147, 148, 152, 153, 157, 198, 199, 202, 210, 423, 502, 504-07, 511-13, 522, 524, 527, 528 Labour time— 8, 13-14, 27, 28, 29, 40-42, 45-56, 58-64, 68, 71, 72, 75, 85, 87-95, 100, 104-05, 123-24, 127-29, 132, 146, 152-53, 156-58, 160-61, 172, 174, 176, 178, 180, 196-200, 203, 206, 242, 272-74, 284, 286, 300-01, 308, 320-21, 421, 424, 425, 434, 441, 452, 457, 459, 460, 462, 472, 484, 487, 490, 506, 512-14, 523, 524, 528, 529 See also Labour Landed property, landed proprietors—99-100, 125-26, 183, 187, 196, 211-14, 229, 516, 521 Language—177, 195, 447 Law — 39, 261-63, 426, 445, 463, 470, 475 Law(s)—see Economic laws Loan capital— 74, 108, 219, 220, 227-29, 240, 250 Loans, state—183, 315

M

Machinery— 30, 63, 69, 71, 79-80, 82-97, 100, 105, 108, 110-12, 120, 122-25, 131, 134, 145, 148-62, 166, 198-200, 203-09, 211, 513, 517, 524, 525, 529, 531, 532 Malthusianism— 221 Market— 7, 9, 11, 12, 23-24, 32, 47, 57,

62, 75, 76, 114-15, 126, 128, 133, 149, 169, 204, 227, 442, 505, 516, 526, 528, 532 See also World market Materialist conception of history—see Classes; Formations, social; Productive forces; Relations of production Mathematics—19-20, 219 Means (medium) of circulation—185, 213,

220, 338-43, 354, 355, 390-91, 394, 404, 405 Means of communication—24, 60, 62, 77,

85, 93, 108, 110, 124-26, 133, 156, 190, 204, 526, 528, 531 Measure—174, 271-72, 320, 321, 361 Measure of value— 303-14, 317-18, 321,

354, 381, 385, 396 Mechanics— 59, 82, 89, 111 Mercantilism—163, 176-77, 182, 234-35, 243-44, 276, 390-91, 438, 447-48, 468-69, 508-09 See also Monetary system Merchants—11, 21-22, 24, 60, 62, 65, 228, 231-34, 425, 511, 528, 532 Metallic currency— 309, 370, 389, 413 Method of political economy—196, 261,

476, 505 See also Political economy (Marxist) Mexico— 215, 428, 440 Mode of production—12, 37-39, 59, 63-

64, 84, 97, 100-01, 104, 112, 114-15,

121, 125-26, 134, 152, 159-60, 211, 221, 228-29, 233-34, 263, 432, 469, 470, 475, 480-81, 505, 526, 532 Monetary system — 216, 293, 378, 389-91,

399, 433, 436, 442, 447, 449 Money—12, 57-58, 171-87, 190, 193-95,

215-16, 248, 289-90, 296-97, 303, 305, 333, 345-46, 386, 433-35, 438-39, 452, 462 —as a hoard — 359, 362-64, 368-69, 375, 380, 431, 433, 435, 437-40, 442-44, 448, 449, 457-58, 474, 478-80, 485, 488-89, 491, 494-96, 501 —as a universal equivalent — 172, 182, 186-87, 193, 215, 244-48, 430, 433-35, 437-41, 445, 455, 456, 472, 478, 487, 491-92, 501, 508 —depreciation of — 182, 183, 193, 248 —and value — 33-34, 60-61, 159, 172, 182-83, 186, 229, 232, 246, 365, 392, 434, 439, 449, 473, 479, 480, 483-91, 495-99 —value of — 240, 241, 422, 424, 426,

428 —amount of, in circulation — 67-68,

171, 190, 192-94, 241, 242, 249, 339-41, 378, 379-80, 391-92, 394, 401-02, 411-13, 434, 444-45, 449, 478 —money relationships — 7-8, 228, 431, 468, 472-74 —and exchange — 290, 324, 326-27,

356-57, 445, 473 —and prices — 339-40, 391, 402-03,

411-13 —and commodity — 25, 193-95, 241-

42, 250, 289, 290, 303, 334, 357, 364-65, 458, 478-79, 482-83, 487-91, 508 —and property — 445-46 —and credit — 50 —and production costs — 14, 67, 238 —and costs of circulation — 61 —and contradictions in bourgeois society — 12, 332, 433-34 —during economic crises — 10, 245,

332, 378, 412, 433 —in pre-capitalist socio-economic formations — 62, 211-12, 214, 216, 298, 488 — quantity theory of money in bourgeois political economy — 164,

185, 194, 241-43, 249, 291, 294-95, 316-17, 332-33, 375-76, 391-417 Money as a form of capital—7-8, 10, 14-15, 25-26, 34, 57, 60-61, 67-68, 109, 150, 229, 245, 247, 416, 437, 496-98, 501-04 Money as a form of wealth—142, 228, 245, 358, 378, 389-90, 430-31, 433, 440-41, 443, 450-51, 478-79, 494-96, 507, 509 Money as a means of circulation—14, 26, 57-58, 61, 67-68, 171, 186-87, 190-95, 220-21, 231, 245, 250, 332-42, 357-58, 371, 373-74, 381, 390, 432, 437-41, 443-44, 446, 449, 456-58, 472-73, 478-79, 484-94, 498, 506, 508, 509 Money as a means of payment—191, 229, 245, 334, 370-80, 412, 430-43, 445, 449, 456, 461, 478, 485, 488, 506-08 Money as the measure of value—171-74,

176-79, 182-83, 245, 248, 289, 303-14, 358, 373, 378, 432, 433, 439, 440, 446, 456, 485-89, 492, 509 Money of account—171-77, 179, 185, 311-12, 313, 315, 317, 378, 379-80, 393, 394, 433-34

N

Natural economy—153, 274-75, 389 Natural science—86, 90 See also Science Nature— 60, 86, 91-92, 95, 101, 108, 114, 119, 126, 154, 158, 455, 458-60, 470, 474, 529 Necessary labour—15-16, 29, 71, 83, 91, 124, 130-32, 134, 136, 140-141, 146, 148-52, 155-58, 160, 196, 200, 204, 227, 522-23, 531, 532 Necessity and chance— 38-39, 71, 107, 133, 138, 210, 308, 374, 436, 463, 468-69, 528, 530 Needs—11, 29, 50, 84, 85, 86, 94-95, 101, 127, 167, 228, 229, 231, 233, 252, 269-70, 274, 283, 288, 290, 307, 324, 326, 329, 358-60, 362, 374, 435, 436, 441, 443, 444, 458, 464, 465, 466-68, 470, 472, 480, 482, 484, 487, 498, 501, 522

O

Organic composition of capital—131-34, 146-49, 153-59, 196, 198, 209-10, 512, 516, 524, 531 Overproduction—12, 93, 153 See also Economic crises

P

Paper money—14, 63, 181, 185, 188, 193-94, 224, 348-56, 402, 404, 421, 423 Pauperism—120-22, 512, 527, 530 Peasant, peasantry — 52, 121, 153, 170, 227, 232, 252, 430, 465-66, 484, 518 Peru— 211, 215, 299, 464 Petty-bourgeois socialism—35, 40, 186, 239-40, 475-77 See also Proudhonism; Socialism, Utopian Philosophy— 263, 264, 316 Physiocrats— 37, 187-89, 297 Political economy (Marxist)—28-29, 36-

37, 40-47, 53-56, 98, 130-35, 139-49,

196-97, 227-29, 261-65, 271, 463, 505 —method of — 476, 505 —historical approach of — 63, 142, 463, 481, 505, 512, 518 —categories of — 159, 160 —course of Marx's political-economic research — 261, 264-65 —working out of the plan of economic analysis — 36-37, 62-63, 65, 67-68, 69-70, 99-101, 109, 116-18, 136, 148, 170-72, 186-87, 196, 229, 421-29, 434, 444, 445, 452, 518-29 Population—93, 94, 133-35, 147-49, 152-54, 157, 158, 169, 481, 512, 514, 527 Portugal—166, 310, 449 Practice— 92, 323 Pre-capitalist socio-economic formations

—social relations — 133-34 —character of labour — 156, 469-70 —development of productive forces — 133-34 —production and consumption— 469-70 —forms of property — 253 —handicraft labour — 38, 229 —patriarchal form of production system — 477 —landed property— 125-26, 211, 214 —progress in agriculture — 59-60 —development of money relations and of exchange — 60-61, 64, 211-14, 216, 228, 487-88 —development of wage labour— 153-54, 228 —commodity production — 9, 12-13 —and competition — 37-38 —and capitalist mode of production — 430, 505 See also Antiquity; Feudalism; Greece;

Rome, ancient; Slavery Price, formation of prices—47-49, 79, 143-45, 148, 171, 173, 195, 196, 226, 240, 241, 302, 305-09, 311-13, 325, 327, 338-42, 350, 355-56, 391, 392, 395, 401, 402, 412-14, 431

Production— 7, 8, 12, 40, 63-65, 85-86,

252 —social character of — 16, 262-63, 446-47, 466, 467 —and individual — 7, 252 —and development of productive forces — 154, 263-64 —material — 12, 90-92 —instruments and means of production — 92-93 — "production in general"—7 —branches of — 59, 100-03, 135-37, 154, 156, 222, 228, 468, 469 —industrial — 477 —in agriculture — 58-59, 76, 100-01,

111, 119-21, 154 —mechanised — 89-91 —physical content and social form

of — 16, 27, 30 —conditions of — 7, 8, 9, 59, 81, 111,

112, 154, 498 —and nature — 85-86, 90-92, 95, 96,

100, 101 —continuity of — 15-17, 32, 51, 59, 89-90, 104, 105, 127 —and science — 85-86, 90-92, 97, 98, 134, 147 —and bourgeois society — 97, 98 —capitalist — 8-12, 15, 25-27, 33, 37-38, 39, 49-58, 65, 71, 80-85, 88-90, 92, 93, 97, 98, 106, 107, 112, 113, 117, 118, 122-24, 128-29, 154, 253, 466, 480, 481, 498, 505 —petty-bourgeois — 477 —and turnover of capital — 15, 16, 41-42, 46-47 —and distribution — 142, 210 —and exchange — 16, 25, 64, 128, 466 —and consumption — 35, 96, 97, 101, 102, 142, 448 —and needs — 252, 480, 481 —and wages — 49 —reduction of immediate labour— 86-88 —and circulation — 10, 15-17, 19, 22, 27, 129, 159, 171, 452, 466, 467, 480-81, 490, 491 —and wealth — 211 —of surplus capital — 8 —of means of production and articles of consumption — 92-96, 120, 124 —of commodities — 8, 12, 14-15, 17, 464-68 —in pre-capitalist socio-economic formations — 463, 469, 470 —surplus — 93, 94 —disproportions of — 93, 94 —under communism — 12, 91, 94, 97, 98, 210 —bourgeois economists on production and distribution — 12, 142-43, 446-48 Production costs—14, 21-23, 37, 47-49,

52, 61, 67, 97, 100, 107, 124, 144-46,

148, 151, 160, 163, 200, 435, 515, 522, 525, 530 Productive capital— 52, 69, 100, 109,

123, 135, 138, 144 Productive forces— 91-92, 97, 100, 522

—and relations of production — 38,

85, 133-35, 210, 262-64, 505 —and development of the individual — 97, 98 —and division of labour — 85, 149, 154-57, 206, 469 —science as a productive force — 83-

86, 92, 100, 149 —of bourgeois society — 84, 85, 95,

96, 133, 135, 505 —and capital — 38, 84-85, 88-89, 92-93, 100-02, 104, 123-24, 132-35, 149-50, 160, 228, 512, 514, 516, 522, 524, 529, 531 —and wealth — 94, 133, 134, 446-47 —means of production, fixed capital — 87-89, 92, 95, 96, 99, 100, 123-25, 133, 135, 150, 512, 531 —in pre-capitalist socio-economic formations — 37, 133 —under communism — 91-92, 94-95, 97-98, 133-34 Productive labour— 59, 86, 87, 91, 94,

95, 101, 221-22, 516, 521, 522 Productivity of labour— 279, 281, 282 Profit—18, 23, 28, 29, 31, 37, 48, 52, 55, 56, 74, 78, 79, 89, 107-08, 110, 126, 129-48, 151, 155, 163, 168-70, 196, 203, 204, 206-08, 219-21, 225, 226-30, 235, 244, 249, 250, 512, 516-17, 521, 523-24, 526-28, 530-32 Property

— as appropriation — 211, 461-63, 470, 518 — and labour — 461, 462

— and division of labour — 21 — and circulation — 26, 27, 462-64 —and money relations — 445 — alienation of — 70, 445 — communal (common)—125-27, 253 — pre-capitalist forms of — 253 — private — 21, 64, 126, 127, 462, 463 — capitalist — 50 — movable and immovable — 125-27, 445 — of a worker in labour capacity (power)—504 — in product of labour — 64 — title to — 445, 462, 463 — under communism — 21 See also Landed property, landed proprietors Proudhonism— 29, 35, 106-07, 139, 176, 186, 219-21, 475-76, 513, 516, 521, 524, 527, 528, 532 Purchase and sale—12, 62, 106-07, 219, 230, 325-34, 357-60, 372-75, 432, 443, 461, 465, 466, 487-88, 506

Q

Quality and quantity— 26-27', 67, 81, 85-86, 99, 222, 223, 269-73, 290 304-05, 328, 338-39, 353, 365, 445, 452-58, 472-73, 494-95, 512

R

Rate of exchange—171, 172, 174, 175, 229, 246, 247 Rate of profit — 19, 29, 37, 59, 130-42, 145-48, 151, 157, 196, 208, 230, 524, 527, 530-32 See also General (average) rate of profit Rate of surplus value—130-31, 137, 146, 148, 151, 196, 207-08 Raw material (as object of labour)—13, 16, 17, 26, 28-29, 36, 57, 65, 66, 69, 80-82, 100-02, 106, 110-13, 117, 120-22, 131, 132, 144-48, 152, 153-59, 163, 166, 196, 198, 199, 202, ?05, 437, 442-43, 456-57, 465-66, 527-28, 529-30 Realisation

— of value of commodity — 14, 15, 20, 25-26, 62, 450, 463, 464 — of value of capital — 7, 22, 49, 53, 55, 67, 70, 106, 108, 138, 202, 229 — of surplus value — 54, 106-08, 128, 144, 150, 229 — of profit — 28, 107, 108, 138, 143, 219 Relations of production—37, 39, 77, 128, 252, 291, 436, 463, 505, 521 — revolution in economic relations— 263, 434 — in bourgeois society — 37, 39, 91, 92, 127, 128, 134, 142, 176, 186, 228, 252, 436, 463, 464, 474-77 — of commodity producers — 461, 464-69, 471-75 — and productive forces — 38, 85, 133-34, 210, 262-64, 505 — objectification of — 210, 276, 435, 446, 467 — and mode of appropriation — 463, 464 — and process of exchange of commodities — 292 — value as a relation of production— 436, 462, 463 — expressed in money — 60-61, 431-32, 436, 438, 446, 473-74, 479, 480, 486-87 — and gold and silver — 458, 459 — employment of machinery — 85-88, 198-200, 211 — in pre-capitalist socio-economic formations — 37-39, 134,252, 461, 474-75, 505 — in bourgeois political economy— 474-77 Religion—149, 177, 215-16 Rent—34-35, 135, 136, 138, 140, 169, 182, 196, 476-77 Reproduction— 31, 35-36, 47, 50-51, 57,

63-64, 106, 111-12, 114, 116-18, 125-28, 133-34, 202, 210, 221, 492, 497-99, 515-16, 525, 530 — simple — 492 — of capital — 7, 25, 27-29, 33-35, 37, 41, 47, 50-51, 57, 60, 65-67, 71-72, 75, 89 — of surplus value — 48, 53-54, 58, 75, 89, 128 — of wages — 71

— of labour capacity (power)—22, 63, 64, 66, 67, 127, 133, 147, 155, 210, 514, 528 — relationship of labour and capital — 66-67, 127-28 — of individuals as members of society — 101-02, 210, 470 — and production — 7, 41, 47, 53, 127-28, 499, 525 — in industry — 104-06, 111-12 — in agriculture — 28, 111, 114, 129 — time, duration of — 41, 51, 53, 58, 75, 89, 104-05, 114, 127, 515-16, 530 — and circulation — 102, 127-30 — and turnover of capital — 53-54, 102-06, 129, 130 — under communal system — 125-26, 463-65 — under communism — 210 — in nature— 111 Revenue— 36, 66, 69, 77, 79, 108, 116-

19, 142, 143, 227, 229, 524 See also Community, commune; Greece; Rome, ancient; Slavery Revolution—434 Revolution, social—263, 380 Revolution, socialist— 40, 85-87, 91-92,

94-95, 98, 134, 176, 210, 220 Rome, ancient— 39, 187, 194, 213, 275,

348, 361, 377, 388, 393, 434, 460, 470, 475, 495 Russia— 24, 197, 224, 225, 275, 312,

351, 373, 382, 428, 440

S

Science— 59, 83-86, 89-94, 97, 100, 133, 136, 147, 149, 167, 297, 455 See also Chemistry; History; Mathema-tics; Mechanics; Natural science; Political economy (Marxist) Scotland—164, 191, 195, 198, 206-08, 237, 293, 298, 312, 348, 424 Siberia— 312 Slavery—133, 152, 162, 164, 212, 221, 252, 464, 522, 524, 531 Social formations—see Formations (social) Social relations— 92, 102, 275, 276, 292, 431, 435, 473, 487 Socialism— 35, 186, 301, 323, 475, 477 See also Proudhonism Socialism, Utopian—98, 99, 473 Society, bourgeois— 22, 40, 84, 93-94, 98-99, 101-02, 122, 134, 187, 232, 233, 389-90, 430, 436, 437, 444, 468-69, 475, 487, 505 — and relations of production — 37

39, 40, 91, 92, 134, 176, 186, 263, 264, 463, 464, 474, 475 — structure and contradictions of—

40, 90-96, 134, 135, 138, 158, 221, 332, 433, 434, 469, 470, 475 — competition — 37-40, 47, 115 — and law of appropriation — 463, 464 — classes — 187, 188, 227, 228, 469 — domination of value relationships — 253, 270-76, 278, 286, 287, 292, 299-300, 364, 436, 462, 463, 465, 466, 476, 477, 480-81 — development of productive forces — 84, 85, 133, 505 — and production — 97, 98, 134, 505 — and law — 39, 470, 471, 474, 475 —and pre-capitalist relations — 331, 430, 505 — social needs — 94, 95, 465, 466, 468-70 — social practice — 93 — and state — 476 — in bourgeois political economy— 22, 120, 138, 196, 210, 235, 463, 474-77 See also Social relations Spain— 295, 310, 362, 368, 448, 460 Standard of prices— 308-09, 311, 345 See also Money State, the — 121, 122, 126, 164, 172, 182, 183, 187, 219, 245, 315, 318, 319, 342, 353-54, 430-31, 435, 443-44, 508, 546 Stocks—11, 204-05, 242, 439, 443 Subject of political economy—16, 34-36, 158-60, 228, 252, 262, 270, 452, 455, 476-77 Surplus labour—15, 25, 29, 37, 42, 53-55, 60, 87, 91, 93-94, 103, 108, 112, 130-32, 134, 137, 141, 144-52, 154, 156-60, 199-201, 206, 208, 244, 423, 513, 522, 524-25, 532 Surplus value — 7, 9, 14, 16-17, 18, 20, 28, 29, 32, 40-42, 45-50, 53-61, 75, 89, 103-04, 106-08, 117, 118, 123-24, 126-31, 137, 140, 144, 146-53, 154,

157-60, 170, 196, 198-201, 228, 229, 494-95, 512, 517, 522-24, 526 — source of — 60, 144 — and capital — 9, 16, 17-18, 20, 28, 31, 40-41, 48, 50, 53-54, 56, 60, 75, 89, 103-06, 107, 108, 127, 129, 130, 131, 144, 146-47, 151-53, 155-58, 201, 227, 249, 524 — relative and absolute — 131, 137, 146, 147, 152-53, 423, 513 — realisation of — 54, 103-08, 128, 144, 150, 229 — distribution of — 20, 49, 59, 108, 144, 169, 524 — and exchange value — 75, 111, 114, 202, 494-95 — and surplus labour — 53, 54, 59,

103, 524 — and profit — 28, 49, 108, 129-31, 134, 137, 151, 169, 201, 202, 228, 244 — and rate of profit — 130-31, 137, 146-47, 196, 516, 523 — and general rate of profit — 59 — and rent — 108, 169 — and turnover of capital — 16-18, 31, 40-42, 45-47, 52-54, 56, 103,

104, 129, 130, 150 — and development of productive forces — 29, 155, 158 — and circulation and reproduction — 9, 16-18, 31, 42, 45-50, 53, 54, 56, 58-59, 89, 103-04, 106, 128, 150 — and costs of circulation — 8, 50, 61, 107-08, 144 — identification of surplus value and profit in bourgeois political economy — 137, 140, 144, 297, 523 Sweden— 348

T

Taxes—135, 169, 437 Technology—13, 31, 84-85, 90, 459-60

See also Machinery; Production; Science Token of value— 348-53, 355-56, 391,

400 See also Coin; Paper money Trade (commerce)—11, 23, 32, 60, 62,

65, 121, 162, 166, 174-75, 185, 191-

94, 204, 211, 215, 223, 226, 231-36, 246, 432, 433-34, 438, 439, 445, 447, 477, 480-82, 486-87, 489, 528 Turnover of capital— 7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 18, 26, 28, 32, 41, 42, 45-47, 49, 51, 53, 54, 56-58, 72-76, 81, 102-06, 114, 122, 129, 130, 145-46, 150, 202, 203, 515, 526-27, 528

U

Unit of measure— 309, 310, 313, 316, 320, 439 United States of America, the—132, 166, 476, 477 See also America Universal equivalent—172, 245, 274, 280, 287, 288, 304-05, 307, 346, 358, 378, 383, 385, 387, 430-31, 434, 437, 438, 501, 506-07 Use value—19-20, 24-26, 27, 30, 34-35, 48, 57, 61, 63, 64, 66, 68-72, 75, 76, 80-82, 84-85, 88, 91, 92, 94, 95-96, 100, 101, 102-04, 106, 108, 110, 112-20, 122-25, 127, 128, 140, 149-55, 176, 197, 201, 202, 223, 232, 233, 235, 244, 252-53, 269-72, 274, 276, 277-84, 288-92, 295, 306-08, 323-26, 358, 360-62, 372, 374, 396, 427, 430, 435-37, 440, 445, 448, 450, 451, 455, 457-58, 461, 465-67, 471, 473, 478-86, 488-89, 502-06, 511, 521-23, 530 Usury— 214, 215, 224, 225, 227, 228-30, 532

V

Value—13-14, 20, 21, 25, 26, 53, 54, 59, 61, 62, 64, 70, 81, 84, 91, 105-06, 126, 127, 131, 132, 145, 172, 174, 176-77, 186, 197, 198, 231, 245, 423, 430, 434, 445, 459, 462-64, 475, 485, 488, 491, 493, 495, 496, 498, 501, 504 —as an economic category — 39, 159,

160, 244, 473 —determination of, by labour time—

20-21, 47-49, 59, 63, 64, 156, 174,

176, 186, 195, 197, 198, 222, 272, 273, 320, 489, 490 —as a social relationship — 90, 91,

244, 436, 462, 473-74

—substance of — 156, 224, 305, 456 —as a basis for the bourgeois society — 253, 300, 436, 462-64, 465-67, 476, 477, 479-82 —and division of labour — 465-69 —and price — 47, 144-45, 194, 195, 242, 424, 426, 431, 478, 480, 482-87, 494, 503 —and money — 26, 33, 61, 128, 159, 169-70, 172-74, 176, 178, 179, 182, 183, 186, 187, 223, 229, 231, 232, 234, 245, 246, 250, 365, 392, 423-24, 426, 428, 433-34, 436, 437, 438-41, 443, 448-49, 456, 458, 459, 472-74, 478-80, 484-92, 493, 495-500, 503 —and capital — 10, 11, 12, 16, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33-34, 36-37, 41, 42, 48, 49, 51-54, 57, 59, 61, 62, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70-72, 75-77, 80-84, 91-94, 101, 103, 104, 106, 129-31, 134, 141, 142, 144, 150, 160, 201, 202, 218-19, 233, 244, 249, 490-502, 505, 530 —and capitalist production — 12, 25, 39, 63, 90-92, 95, 96, 143, 160, 176, 220, 432, 476, 477, 481-82, 527 —and surplus value and profit — 59, 75, 111, 114, 196, 202, 219-20, 494-96 —real and nominal — 178, 193, 194 —and turnover of capital — 12, 14-19, 103, 104 —and circuit of capital — 27 —and exchange value — 244, 494 —and production costs — 23, 48, 49, 58, 100, 144, 145, 163-64, 524-25 —and consumption — 21, 22, 92, 115, 116, 479-80, 485, 491-92, 495, 497-98, 503-04 —and use value — 24-26, 33-35, 48, 60-61, 63, 70-72, 77, 84, 90, 91, 95, 101, 104, 106, 113, 116, 118-19, 128, 150, 151, 153, 163-64, 171, 197, 201, 202, 231, 244, 252, 253, 436, 445, 448, 455, 458, 468, 469, 478, 481-84, 488, 492-95, 496-500, 502-05, 506, 521 —and exchange and circulation — 8, 13-15, 18-23, 25, 26, 27, 51, 53, 57, 63-65, 76, 105, 107, 114-16, 118-19, 122, 143, 144, 176, 197, 203, 220, 232, 233, 430, 458, 468, 469, 471-72, 474-75, 479, 482-85, 488-97, 498-99 Variable capital— 37, 145-46, 155-61, 196, 198, 512, 524, 528 Vulgar bourgeois political economy—29, 139, 476-77, 518-21

W

Wage labour— 25, 29, 88, 90, 115, 121-22, 127, 133-34, 149, 153-54, 196-97, 209-11, 220, 227-28, 261, 301, 423, 475-76, 511-14, 517, 522, 525, 531 Wages— 34-35, 48-49, 86, 136, 140-42, 145, 146, 159, 163, 169, 196, 208, 227, 229, 512, 522, 524, 527, 531 —legislative regulation of — 121 —and capital — 63, 65-67, 69, 71, 86,

121, 136, 140-41, 146, 196 — and circulating capital — 29, 65,

68-69, 71, 86, 106-08, 113, 202, 208 —and production — 142, 516 —reproduction of — 66-67, 71 —and labour capacity (power)—63-

64, 71, 119-20, 514, 525 —and necessary labour — 196 —and profit — 23, 136-37, 196, 207,

227, 516-17, 526 —and circulation — 8, 65-67, 71, 86 —distribution of — 142, 169, 516 —and consumption — 524 —bourgeois theories of — 29, 66, 136-37, 140, 163, 169, 512, 517, 524, 528 Wealth—14, 33-34, 39, 79, 90-96, 98, 133, 134, 142, 143, 154, 191, 201,

202, 209, 228, 229, 244, 252, 269, 389, 430, 433, 435, 437, 449-51, 479, 494-95 —in the form of gold and silver—

245, 358-61, 370, 428, 433, 435, 437-40, 443-44, 447, 457, 458, 495, 509 — social form and material content

of — 228, 270, 449-50, 479, 496 —production and distribution of— 90, 211, 228 —and labour — 90-92, 94-95, 209, 294, 297, 521-22 —passion for enrichment — 365-66, 447, 495, 509 —and capital — 38-39, 92, 93, 133,

134, 142, 143, 201, 202 —under communism — 93-95 —bourgeois concept of — 92, 211, 223, 244, 431, 446-47, 449-50 Worker— 22, 29, 31, 36, 39, 54, 55, 64-67, 78-79, 82, 83, 85-91, 94, 95, 98, 99, 121-22, 124, 133, 135, 138, 141-42, 147, 152-58, 160-63, 171, 196, 198-201, 205-06, 208-11, 221, 222, 227, 228, 252, 253, 464, 465, 469, 487, 502, 505-07, 512-14, 516, 521-22, 524, 525-29, 531, 532 See also Working class Working class—187, 196

See also Worker Working day — 28, 41, 52, 148, 151-53, 156-58, 160, 161, 178-79, 204, 206, 208, 524 World market—37, 261, 311, 381-84, 389, 412, 435-37, 440, 446-48, 476-77, 509, 518 World money — 245-46, 381-84, 409, 435, 450, 470-71