Name Index

A

Alberoni, Giulio (1664-1752)—Spanish diplomat and statesman.—214

Anderson, A.— English manufacturer, owned factories in Glasgow and Manchester, published the booklet The Recent Commercial Distress in London in 1847.—30, 528

Anderson, James (1739-1808)—British economist, worked out the theory of differential rent.—221

Anghiera, Pietro Martire a" (c. 1457-1526)—historian and geographer, born in Italy; for a long time served at the Spanish court as an expert in the New World affairs.—211, 458

Anne (1665-1714)—Queen of England (1702-14).—166, 230, 235

Antonines—dynasty of Roman emperors (96-192).—212

Antoninus Pius (86-161)—Roman Emperor since 138.—212

Arbuthnot, George (1802-1865)—official of the English Treasury, wrote a number of works on money circulation and credit.—414

Aretino, Pietro (1492-1556)—Italian satirical writer of the Renaissance, author of pamphlets against the Papal court and European monarchs.—399

Aristophanes (c. 446-c. 385 B.C.)— Greek dramatist, author of political comedies.—452

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)—Greek philosopher.—269, 283, 290-91, 306, 351-52, 370, 387, 428, 459, 488, 518

Arnd, Karl (1788-1877)—German economist, representative of vulgar political economy.—226, 532

Ashworth, Edmund (1801-1881)— English factory-owner, member of the Anti-Corn Law League, opposed legal limitation of the working day.—204

Athenaeus (end of the 2nd-beginning of the 3rd cent.)—Greek rhetorician and grammarian.—311, 435, 451

Atkinson, William—English economist of the 1830s-50s, opponent of the classical school, protectionist.—135, 528, 530

Attwood, Thomas (1783-1856)—English banker, economist and politician.— 185, 319

Augier, Marie (mid-19th cent.)— French journalist, wrote on economics.—238, 242

Augustus (Gaius Julius Caesar Oc-tavianus) (63 B.C.-A.D. 14)—Roman Emperor (27 B.C.-A.D. 14).—213 Aurangzeb, Mohi ud-din Mohammed (1618-1707)—ruler (1658-1707) of the Great Mogul Empire in India.— 363, 446

Aurelian (Lucius Domitius Aurelianus) (c. 215-275)—Roman Emperor (270-75).—213

B

Babbage, Charles (1792-1871)—English mathematician, mechanical engineer and economist.—80, 105, 514

Bailey, Samuel (1791-1870)—English economist and philosopher; criticised Ricardo's labour theory of value.— 29, 189, 310, 376, 421-22, 424, 428, 455, 508, 527

Baines, Sir Edward (1800-1890)— English journalist and economist, author of History of the Cotton Manufacture in Great Britain.—205

Barbon, Nicholas (c. 1640-1698)— English economist, forerunner of the so-called state theory of money.—316

Barton, John (end of the 18th-first half of the 19th cent.)—English economist, representative of the classical political economy.—168, 515

Bastiat, Frederic (1801-1850)—French economist, preached harmony of class interests in bourgeois society.— 29, 138-42, 219-21, 278, 476, 477-78, 517, 521, 522-24, 528, 530

Bekker, August Immanuel (1785-1871)— German philologist, prepared for publication a few editions of works by ancient authors (Plato, Aristotle, Aristophanes and others).—269, 291, 307

Bentham, Jeremy (1748-1832)—English sociologist, theoretician of utilitarianism.—230

Berkeley, George (1685-1753)—Irish bishop, subjective idealist philosopher; in his economic works

regarded labour as the main source of wealth, exponent of the nominalis-tic theory of money.—277, 316-17, 352

Bernier, François (1625-1688)—French physician, traveller and writer.— 224, 363, 446

Blake, William ( 18th-beginning of the 19th cent.)—English economist, wrote on money circulation.—168-70, 339, 409, 426, 514, 531

Blanc, Jean Joseph Louis (1811-1882)— French petty-bourgeois socialist, historian, took part in 1848-49 revolution.—398

Boisguillebert, Pierre le Pesant, sieur de

(1646-1714)—French economist and statistician, father of French classical political economy.—63, 292-95, 301, 332, 339, 358-60, 379, 431, 449-50, 463, 468, 488, 496

Bosanquet, Charles (1769-1850)— English manufacturer and economist, argued with Ricardo on problems of money circulation.—401, 405

Bosanquet, James Whatman (1804-1877)—English banker, economist and historian.—164, 248, 333, 441

Bray, John Francis (1809-1897)— English economist, Utopian socialist, Owen's follower, developed the theory of "labour money".—186, 243, 323, 427, 445

Brougham and Vaux, Henry Peter, Baron (1778-1868)—British lawyer and man-of-letters, prominent Whig in the 1820s-30s, Lord Chancellor (1830-34).—222, 300

Buchanan, David (1779-1848)—English journalist and economist, follower and commentator of Adam Smith.— 191-92, 348, 422, 427

Burleigh—see Cecil, William, Lord Burgley

Busch, Johann Georg (1728-1800)— German economist, mainly mercantilist.—398 C

Carey, Henry Charles (1793-1879)— American economist, set forth the theory of class interests' harmony in capitalist society.—29, 138, 139, 227, 476, 477, 512, 523, 527, 530, 532

Carli, Giovanni (Jian) Rinaldo, conte (1720-1795)—Italian scientist, wrote about money and corn trade, opposed mercantilism.— 382

Carlyle, Thomas (1795-1881)—British writer, historian and idealist philosopher, Tory; preached views bordering on feudal socialism up to 1848, later ardent opponent of the working-class movement.— 431

Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, 2nd Marquis of Londonderry, Viscount of ( 1769-1822)—British statesman, Tory; Secretary for War and for the Colonies (1805-06, 1807-09), Foreign Secretary (1812-22).—223, 319

Cato, Marcus Porcius (the Elder) (234-149 B.C.)—Roman statesman and writer, author of the treatise Agriculture.— 362, 448

Cecil, William, Lord Burleigh (or Burg-ley) (1520-1598)—English statesman, Secretary of State (1558-72) and Lord High Treasurer (1572-98) and principal minister to Queen Elizabeth.—376

Chalmers, Thomas (1780-1847)— Scottish Protestant theologian, economist, follower of Malthus.— 225, 514, 527

Charles II (1630-1685)—King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1660-85).—235, 294

Charles V (1500-1558)—Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (1519-56) and King of Spain (1516-56) under the name of Charles (Carlos) I.—213

Charles the Great (Charlemagne) (c. 742-814)—King of the Franks (768-800) and Emperor (800-14).—178, 188, 216

Cherbuliez, Antoine Elisée (1797-1869) — Swiss economist, tried to combine the teaching of Sismondi with elements of Ricardo's theory.— 36, 70, 461, 463, 522, 526, 528

Chevalier, Michel (1806-1879)— French engineer, economist and writer; follower of Saint-Simon in the 1830s, later a Free Trader.—352, 388

Chevé, Charles François (1813-1875) — French petty-bourgeois writer and sociologist.—219-20

Child, Sir Josiah (1630-1699)—English economist, mercantilist, banker and merchant.—225, 230

Clay, Sir William (1791-1869)—British politician and economist, writer of the so-called "currency school".—414

Clodius (Claudius) (Marcus Claudius Marcellus)—Roman politician, prom-ulgated the law on victoriates (silver coins) in about 104 B.C.—187

Cobbett, William (1762-1835)—English politician and radical journalist.—-185, 333

Columbus, Christopher (1451-1506)— Genoa-born navigator, discoverer of America.—389

Constancio, Francisco Solano (1772-1846)—Portuguese physician, diplomat and writer, translated works of English economists into French.— 136, 301

Cooper, Thomas (1759-1839)— American economist and politician, advocated Free Trade.—277

Coquelin, Charles (1803-1852)—French economist, supported Free Trade.— 217-18

Corbet, Thomas—British economist of the 19th century, follower of Ricardo.—218, 229-30, 333, 422, 425

Cotton, William (1786-1866)—English merchant, a director of the Bank of England; invented automatic scales for weighing gold.—254, 346 Cromwell, Oliver (1599-1658)—a leader of the English Revolution, Lord Pro-tector of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1653.—294

Culpeper, Sir Thomas (1578-1662)— British economist, mercantilist.—230

Custodi, Pietro (1771-1842)—Italian economist, publisher of economic works by Italian authors of the late 16th-early 19th centuries.—165, 276, 280, 297, 322, 345, 358, 451

D

Daire, Louis François Eugène (1798-1847)—French economist, publisher of works on political economy.—295, 332, 449-50

Dalrymple, Sir John (1726-1810)— Scottish lawyer and historian.—214, 446

Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)—Italian poet.—265

Darimon, Louis Alfred (1819-1902)— French politician, journalist and historian; shared and propagated Proudhon's views.—186, 323

Davenant, Charles (1656-1714)—English economist and statistician, mercantilist.—243

Defoe, Daniel (1660-1731)—English writer.—217

Demetrius Phalereus (c. 345-c. 283 B.C.)—Greek philosopher, historian and grammarian, Athenian statesman.—451

De Quincey, Thomas (1785-1859)— English writer and economist, commentator of Ricardo's works.—30, 102, 526, 528

Dodd, George (1808-1881)—English journalist, author of a number of works on industrial problems.—254, 344, 427

Duilius, Marcus (4th cent. B.C.)— Roman tribune (357 B.C.)—214

Dureau de la Malle, Adolphe Jules César Auguste (1777-1857)—French poet and historian.—212-14, 532

E

Eden, Sir Frederick Morton (1766-1809)—English economist, Adam Smith's disciple.—120, 121-22, 170, 530

Edward III (1312-1377)—King of England (1327-77).—313

Edward VI (1537-1553)—King of England (1547-53).—122, 166

Elizabeth I (1533-1603)—Queen of England and Ireland (1558-1603).— 122. 166, 168, 183, 376, 531

Engels, Frederick (1820-1895) (bio-graphical data).— 264 Epicurus (c. 341-c. 270 B.C.)—Greek materialist philosopher, atheist.—233

Eschwege, Wilhelm Ludwig von (1777-1855)—German geologist and mining engineer.—212

Euripides (c. 480-c. 406 B.C.)—Greek poet, dramatist.—370

F

Fairbaim, Sir Peter (1799-1861)— English engineer, inventor.— 198

Farnese, Alexander (Alessandro) (1545-1592)—duke of Parma, Spanish general and statesman, Viceroy of Philip II in the Netherlands (1578-92).— 167

Ferrier, François Louis August (1777-1861)—French economist and government official, epigone of mercantilism.—427

Forbonnais, François Véron Duverger de

(1722-1800)—French economist, adherent of the quantity theory of money.— 395

Fourier, François Marie Charles (1772-1837)—French Utopian socialist.—97 Franklin, Benjamin (1706-1790) — American politician; scholar of the American Enlightenment, was among the first supporters of the labour theory of value.—295, 296-97, 352, 395

Frederick II (1194-1250)—King of Sici-ly, King of Germany since 1212, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (1220-50).—214, 216

Fullarton, John (c. 1780-1849)—British economist, wrote on money circulation and credit, opponent of the quantity theory of money.— 135, 225, 237, 243, 245-50, 416, 422, 424, 426, 428, 442, 532

G

Galba, Servius Sulpicius (c. 5 B.C.-A.D. 69)—Roman Emperor (68-69).—212

Galiani, Ferdinando (1728-1787)— Italian economist, criticised Physiocrats.—222. 223, 276, 297, 310, 326, 340, 385, 423, 426, 438, 456, 532

Ganilh, Charles (1758-1836)—French politician, economist, epigone of mercantilism.—230

Gamier, Germain, marquis (1754-1821)—French economist and politician, monarchist; follower of the Physiocrats, translator and critic of Adam Smith.—187-89, 248, 312, 344, 422, 424

Gaskell, Peter—English physician and liberal journalist of the first half of the 19th century.—209, 532

Genovesi, Antonio (1712-1769)—Italian idealist philosopher and economist, adherent of mercantilism.—289, 358, 438 Genucius, Lucius (4th cent. B.C. ) — Roman tribune (c. 342 B.C.)—214

George II (George Augustus) (1683-1760) — King of Great Britain and Ireland (1727-60).— 311, 313

George III (George William Frederick) (1738-1820)—King of Great Britain

and Ireland (1760-1820), King of Hanover from 1814.—237, 311

Gilbart, James William (1794-1863)— English banker and economist, wrote a number of works on banking.— 235-36

Gladstone, William Ewart (1809-1898)— British politician and statesman, Tory, later Peelite, a leader of the Liberal Party in the latter half of the 19th century, headed several liberal cabinets.—303

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832)—German poet.—90, 437

Gottsched, Johann Christoph (1700-1766)—German critic and writer of the early Enlightenment.—399

Gouge, William M. (1796-1863)— American journalist and economist, wrote a number of works on money circulation and banking in the USA.—166, 422, 424

Gray, John (1798-1850)—English economist, Utopian socialist.— 186, 217, 238, 239, 320-23, 422

Grimm, Jacob Ludwig Carl (1785-1863)—German philologist, professor at Berlin University.— 386, 459

Guizot, François Pierre Guillaume (1787-1874)—French historian and statesman; virtually directed France's home and foreign policy from 1840 to the February 1848 revolution.— 262

H

Harlow, John (mid-19th cent.)—British economist of the Birmingham school known as the "little shilling men"; he and his fellow-thinker Wright wrote under the pseudonym of Gemini.— 185

Harrison, William (1534-1593)— English priest, wrote about England of his time.—170, 517

Haxthausen, August Franz Ludwig Maria, Baron von (1792-1866)—Prussian official and writer, author of works on the agrarian system and the peasant commune in Russia.—253

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770-1831)—German philosopher.—119, 262

Henry VII (1457-1509)—King of England (1485-1509).—121, 153

Henry VIII (1491-1547)—King of England (1509-47) and Ireland (from 1541).—122, 230, 235

Hobbes, Thomas (1588-1679)—English philosopher.—293

Hobhouse, John Cam, Baron Broughton de

Gyfford (1786-1869)—British statesman, Whig; proposed the factory law, which was passed by Parliament in 1831.—205

> Hodges, John Frederick (mid-19th cent.)—English agrochemist and physiologist, author of textbooks on agriculture.—101

Hodgskin, Thomas (1787-1869)— English economist and writer, Utopian socialist.—89, 95, 96, 197-98, 292, 422, 527, 531

Homer—semi-legendary Greek epic poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey (8th cent. B.C.).—175, 399

Hopkins, Thomas—English economist of the first half of the 19th century.— 205-06

Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus) (65-8 B.C.)—Roman poet.—366

Hubbard, John Gellibrand (1805-1889)— British conservative politician, MP (1859-68 and 1874-87), a director of the Bank of England (1838).—242, 247, 424

Hüllmann, Karl Dietrich (1765-1846)— German historian of the Middle Ages.—214-16

Hume, David (1711-1776)—Scottish philosopher, historian and economist; opponent of mercantilism, an early adherent of the quantity theory of

money — 164, 230, 243, 391-96, 398-400, 402, 411, 412, 415

Hume, James Deacon (1774-1842)— English economist, Free Trader.— 408, 409

J

Jacob, William (c. 1762-1851)—English businessman, author of a number of economic works.—240, 243, 255, 344, 368, 369, 422, 428

James I (1566-1625)—King of England (1603-25), King of Scotland since 1567 under the name of James VI.— 235

Jovellanos (Jove Llanos) y Ramirez, Gas-par Melchor de (1744-1811)—Spanish statesman, lawyer and economist, follower of the French philosophers of the Enlightenment, mercantilist.— 295

Julius, Gustav (1810-1851)—German democratic journalist, "true socialist".—398

Justinian I (c. 483-565)—Emperor of Byzantium (527-65).—214, 215

K

Körner, M. G.—German philologist and historian of the mid-18th century.— 387, 441

L

Laing, Samuel (1810-1897)—English politician and journalist, Liberal MP.—205

Lansdowne, Henry Petty Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of (1780-1863)—English statesman, Whig, member of a number of Whig cabinets.—294

Lauderdale, James Maitland, 8th Earl of (1759-1839)—English politician and economist, criticised Adam Smith's theory.—78, 79, 87-88, 89, 218, 244, 517, 521, 529

Law, John (1671-1729)—Scottish economist and financier, Controller General of Finance in France (1719-20).—395, 398, 400

Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim (1729-1781)— German writer, critic and philosopher, representative of the early Enlightenment.—398 List, Friedrich (1789-1846)—German vulgar economist, protectionist.—278

Liverpool, Robert Banks Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of (1770-1828)—British statesman, a Tory leader, held several ministerial posts, Prime Minister (1812-27).—237

Locke, John (1632-1704)—English dual-ist philosopher, economist.— 78, 164, 173, 183-85, 230, 243, 314, 315, 316, 355, 379, 391, 398, 399, 426

Lombe, John (c. 1693-1722)—English silk-spinning manufacturer.— 167

Louis XIV (1638-1715)—King of France (1643-1715).—213, 242, 295, 431

Louis XV (1710-1774)—King of France (1715-74).—242

Louis XVI (1754-1793)—King of France (1774-92), executed during the French Revolution.—242

Lowndes, William (1652-1724)—English economist and statesman, Secretary of the Exchequer (1695-1724).—183-85, 315, 319, 355

Loyd, Samuel Jones, 1st Baron Overstone (1796-1883)—English banker and economist, a theoretician of money circulation.—164, 251, 404, 414, 415

Lucanus, Marcus Annaeus (39-65)— Roman poet.— 344

Luther, Martin (1483-1546)—leader of the Reformation; founder of Protes-tantism (Lutheranism) in Germany, ideologist of burghers.—364, 374, 378, 448

M

M(a)cCulloch, John Ramsay (1789-1864)—British economist who vulgarised Ricardo's theory; developed theories which justified capitalist exploitation.—76, 167, 205, 219, 222, 224, 225, 277, 293, 512, 517, 528, 532

Mackinnon, William Alexander (1789-1870)—English politician and historian, at first Tory, later Liberal, MP.—170

Maclaren, James—British economist of the 19th century, studied history of money circulation.—250, 309, 398-99

Macleod, Henry Dunning (1821-1902)— English lawyer and economist, developed the theory of credit.—301, 376, 424

Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766-1834)— English economist, priest, founder of the misanthropic theory of population.—69, 74, 108, 136-37, 203, 209, 221, 278, 333, 421, 517, 526, 527

Mandeville, Sir John—alleged author of a book of travels which enjoyed great popularity since late 14th century.— 352

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (121-180)— Roman Emperor since 161.—212

Martin V (Oddone Colonna) (c. 1368-1431)—Pope (1417-31).—216

Marx, Karl Heinrich (1818-1883) (bio-graphical data).—261-62, 264, 265

Mendelssohn, Moses (1729-1786)— German deist philosopher.—398

Menenius (Titus Menenius Agrippa Lanatus) (5th cent. B.C.)—Roman consul (454 B.C.), co-author (together with consul Sestius) of a law on money fines and money security.—187

Merivale, Herman (1806-1874)— English economist and statesman, Liberal, wrote works on principles of colonisation.—212, 532 Mill, James (1773-1836)—British historian, economist and philosopher, follower of Ricardo's theory, who tried to remove its contradictions by a formal logical method.—240-42, 333, 409-10, 422, 426

Mill, John Stuart (1806-1873)—British

positivist philosopher and economist, epigone of classical political economy, son of James Mill.—21, 29, 142, 210, 230, 238, 333, 422, 426, 515, 528

Misselden, Edward (c. 1608-1654)— English businessman and economist, mercantilist.—244, 359, 362-64, 422, 427, 436, 446, 447, 448

Montanari, Geminiano (c. 1633-1687)— Italian mathematician and astro-nomer, author of works on money.—165, 280, 384, 422, 438, 451

Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondât,

Baron de la Bride et de (1689-1755)— French sociologist, economist and writer of the Enlightenment, adherent of the quantity theory of money.— 164, 243, 391, 396

More, Sir Thomas (1478-1535)—English politician, Lord Chancellor (1529-32), humanist writer, one of the earliest Utopian communists, author of Utopia.—481

Morrison, William Hampson—the author of the pamphlet on metallic money circulation opposing Adam Smith's doctrine.—237, 249, 423, 424

Müller, Adam Heinrich, Ritter von Nitter-dorf (1779-1829)—German journalist and economist, expressed interests of feudal aristocracy, opponent of Adam Smith's theory.—190, 198, 310, 422, 424

N

Napoleon I Bonaparte (1769-1821)— Emperor of the French (1804-14 and 1815).—408

Nero (Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus) (37-68)—Roman Emperor (54-68).—213

Newman, Francis William (1805-1897)— English philologist and radical journalist, wrote a number of works on religion, politics and economics.— 224

Newman, Samuel Phillips (1797-1842)— American philologist, teacher and economist.—217-18, 423, 512, 532

Newmarch, William (1820-1882)— English bourgeois economist and statistician.—416

Niebuhr, Barthold Georg (1776-1831)— German historian of antiquity.—214

Norman, George Warde (1793-1882)— English economist, adherent of the so-called "currency school", director of the Bank of England.—414

O

Opdyke, George (1805-1880)—American businessman, economist.— 224, 236, 333-34, 427, 456, 511, 532

Overstone—see Loyd, Samuel Jones, 1st Baron Overstone

Owen, Robert (1771-1858)—English Utopian socialist.—97, 98, 153, 300, 514, 529

P

Parisot, Jacques Theodore (b. 1783)— French journalist and translator.— 240, 410

Parma, Duke of—see Farnese, Alexander

Parmentier, Antoine Augustin (1737-1813)—French agronomist and phar-maceutist, author of works on agriculture.— 213

Paterson, William (1658-1719)— founder of the Bank of England.— 230

Peel, Sir Robert (1788-1850)—British statesman, Tory, Home Secretary (1822-27 and 1828-30), Prime Minister (1834-35 and 1841-46), repealed the Corn Laws in 1846.—185, 303, 312, 319, 404, 414

Péreire, Isaac (1806-1880)—French banker, Bonapartist; deputy to the Corps législatif; together with his brother Emile Péreire, founded the joint-stock bank Crédit Mobilier.—

331

Perseus of Macedonia (c. 216-c. 166 B.C.)—the last king of Macedonia (179-168 B.C.).—213

Peter I (the Great) (1672-1725) —Tsar of Russia from 1682, Emperor of all Russia from 1721.—225, 351

Peter Martyr—see Anghiera, Pietro Martire d'

Petty, Sir William (1623-1687)—English economist and statistician, founder of English classical political economy.— 34, 63, 277, 292-94, 303, 358, 363, 431, 446-47, 449, 468

Philip II (1527-1598) —King of Spain (1556-98).—212, 362, 422, 428, 446

Pindar (c. 520-c. 443 B.C.)—Greek poet, wrote triumphal odes.— 508

Pitt, William (1759-1806)—British statesman, a Tory leader, Prime Minister (1783-1801 and 1804-06).— 218, 219

Plato (c. 427-c. 347 B.C.)—Greek philosopher.—351, 488

Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus) (23-79)—Roman statesman and naturalist, author of Natural History in 37 books.—187, 365-66, 450-51

Poppe, Johann Heinrich Moritz von (1776-1854)—German scientist, author of works on the history of technology.—231

Prescott, William Hickling (1796-1859)— American historian, author of works on the history of Spain and Spanish conquests in America.—211, 215

Prévost, Guillaume (1799-1883)—Swiss

economist, vulgarised Ricardo's theory.—224

Price, Richard (1723-1791)—English radical journalist, economist, moral philosopher.—140, 218, 219, 516, 532

Propertius, Sextus (c. 49-c. 15 B.C.)— Roman lyrical poet.—270

Proudhon, Pierre Joseph (1809-1865)— French writer, economist and sociologist, a founder of anarchism.— 29, 35, 107, 139, 176, 219-21, 264, 295, 301, 320, 323, 475, 513, 516, 521-22, 524, 528, 532

Pushkin, Alexander Sergeyevich (1799-1837)—Russian poet.—408

Pyrrhus (319-272 B.C.)—King of Epirus (307-302, 296-272 B.C.).—187, 188

R

Ramsay, Sir George (1800-1871)— English economist, follower of classical political economy.—31, 52, 137, 240, 513, 522, 526-28, 530

Ravenstone, Piercy (d. 1830)—English Ricardian economist, upheld the workers' interests, opponent of Malthus.—79, 88

Ricardo, David (1772-1823)—English economist.—12, 33-35, 39, 76-77, 108, 135-38, 140, 164, 169, 185, 225, 226, 242, 244, 247, 251, 292, 300-01, 333, 390, 398, 400-09, 412-15, 421-23, 426, 436, 463, 476, 517, 522, 526-28, 530

Rossi, Pellegrino Luigi Edoardo, count (1787-1848)—Italian economist, lawyer and politician; vulgarised Adam Smith's and David Ricardo's theories.—66, 512, 513, 527

Rumford—see Thompson, Sir Benjamin, Count von Rumford

S

Saint-Simon, Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de (1760-1825)—French utopian socialist.—331, 38rt

Say, Jean Baptiste (1767-1832)—French economist, vulgarised Adam Smith's theory, author of the theory of services.—30, 33, 36, 78, 127, 201, 217, 222, 224, 278, 301, 333, 351, 399, 521, 522, 528-29, 531

Schaper, Justus Wilhelm Eduard von (1792-1868)—a representative of Prussian bureaucracy; Oberpräsident of the Rhine Province (1842-45).— 262

Schönaich, Christoph Otto, Baron von (1725-1807)—German poet, author of the epic poem Hermann.—399

Sempere (Sempéré) y Guarinos, Juan (1754-1830)—Spanish lawyer and historian.—212, 362, 446

Senior, Nassau William (1790-1864)— English economist, vulgarised Ricardo's theory, opposed shortening the working day.—188, 203-05, 367, 376, 513, 517, 528, 531, 532

Servius Tullius (578-534 B.C.)—sixth semi-legendary king of Ancient Rome.—187

Shakespeare, William (1564-1616)— English dramatist and poet.—373, 451-52

Sismondi, Jean Charles Léonard Simonde de (1773-1842)—Swiss economist, exponent of economic romanticism.— 35, 36, 66, 78, 143, 204-05, 235, 240, 292, 300-01, 333, 426, 511, 521, 522, 526, 528, 530

Slater—co-partner of Morrison, Dillon & Co. firm in London; gave evidence on bank legislation in the special committee of the House of Commons in 1858.—432

Smith, Adam (1723-1790)—Scottish economist.—10, 69, 78, 79, 102, 112, 113, 118, 119, 125, 126, 135-36, 138, 163, 191, 195, 221, 224, 232, 233, 238, 250, 278, 293, 295, 297-300, 307, 312, 348, 360, 378, 398, 399, 421, 427, 463, 466, 468-69, 476, 517, 521, 522, 528, 529, 530

Smith, Sir Thomas (1513-1577)—British statesman, professor of civil law.—376

Solly, Edward (first half of the 19th cent.)—-English economist.—427

Sophocles (c. 497-c. 406 B.C.)—Greek dramatist.—451

Sparks, Jared (1789-1866)—American historian, founder of history depart-ment at Harvard University.—296

Spence, William (1783-1860)—English entomologist, also studied economics.—333

Spinoza, Baruch or Benedictus de (1632-1677)—Dutch philosopher.—130, 398

Stansfeld, Hamer (19th cent.)—English businessman and journalist.—175, 225-26

Stein, Lorenz von (1815-1890)—German lawyer and historian, vulgar economist.—270, 277

Steuart, Sir James (1712-1780)— English economist, one of the last representatives of mercantilism.— 162-65, 172, 173, 175, 176, 177, 182-84, 189, 234, 243, 297, 298-99, 315-18, 393, 396-99, 415, 421-23, 424, 426, 428, 438, 469, 474, 476, 517, 531

Storch, Heinrich Friedrich (1766-1835)— Russian economist, statistician and historian, follower of classical political economy, German by birth.—24-25, 36, 60, 61, 63, 69, 118, 197, 222, 224, 225, 238, 351, 367, 424, 427, 457, 516, 526, 528, 532

Strabo(n) (c. 63 B.C.-A.D. c. 20) — Greek geographer and historian.— 388, 459

Sulla, Lucius Cornelius (138-78 B.C.)— Roman general and statesman, consul (88 B.C.), dictator (82-79 B.C.).—213

Symons, Jelinger Cookson (1809-1860)— English liberal journalist, member of the Government Commission of the Inquiry into the Condition of the Hand Weavers.—206-08, 532 T

Thompson, Sir Benjamin, Count von Rumford (1753-1814)—English physi-cist and politician, served in the Bavarian army for a time, organised workhouses for beggars in England.— 159

Thompson, William (c. 1785-1833)— Irish economist, Utopian socialist.— 323, 526

Thornton, Henry (1760-1815)—English banker and economist.—195-96

Tooke, Thomas (1774-1858)—English economist, adherent of classical political economy.—164, 248, 250, 333-34, 408, 409, 415-16, 428-29, 440-42

Torrens, Robert (1780-1864)—English economist, vulgarised Ricardo's theory.—145, 164, 195-96, 414, 421, 512, 531

Townsend, Joseph (1739-1816)—English priest, geologist and sociologist, exponent of the theory of population later borrowed by Malthus.—221, 532

Trajan (Marcus Ulpius Traianus) (c. 53-117) —Roman Emperor (98-117) and general.—214

Tuckett, John Debell (d. 1864)—English journalist, author of a two-volume book on the history and condition of the working people published in England in 1846.—166-68, 170, 230, 531

U

Ure, Andrew (1778-1857)—English chemist, economist, opposed legislative shortening of the working day.—80

Urquhart, David (1805-1877)—English diplomat, journalist, politician, MP (1847-52), Tory.—177, 223, 237, 313, 422, 424

Uztariz, Jéronimo de (b. 1689)—Spanish economist, mercantilist.—295

V

Varro, Marcus Terentius (116-27 B.C.)— Roman writer and scientist.—212

Verri, Pietro (1728-1797)—Italian economist, one of the first critics of Physiocrats.—382

Vespasian (Titus Flavius Sabinus Ves-pasianus) (9-79)—Roman Emperor (69-79).—343, 473

Vidal, François (1814-1872)—French economist, petty-bourgeois socialist.— 244

Virgil (Publius Virgilius Maro) (70-19 B.C.)—Roman poet.—365

W

Wade, John (1788-1875)—English journalist, economist, historian.—22, 513, 514, 527

Wakefield, Edward Gibbon (1796-1862)—English statesman, economist, commentator of Ricardo's works, author of the theory of colonisa-tion.—138, 163, 513, 517, 521, 526-27, 528, 530 William I (1027-1087)—King of England (1066-87).—312

William III (1650-1702)—stadtholder of the Netherlands (1672-1702), King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1689-1702).—192, 314, 319

Wilson, James (1805-1860)—English economist and politician, founder and editor of The Economist; Financial Secretary to the Treasury (1853-58), Free Trader, opponent of the quantity theory of money.— 164, 230, 250, 408, 416, 424

Wirth, Johann George August (1798-1848)—German lawyer, journalist and historian.—312, 424

Wright, Thomas Barber (mid-19th cent.)—English economist of the Birmingham school known as the "little shilling men". He and his fellow-

20-785 thinker Harlow wrote under the pseudonym of Gemini.—185

X

Xenophon (c. 430-c. 354 B.C.)—Greek historian and philosopher.—368,

Christ, Jesus (Bib.)—218-19

Jacob (Bib.)—359, 447

Manu (Hindu Myth.)—the ancestor of mankind, legendary law-giver of Ancient India.—460

Moloch—the god of the sun, fire and war in Carthage and Phoenicia, whose worship was accompanied by human sacrifices.—294

Moses (Bib.)—278

Nestor (Gr. Myth.)—the oldest and

370, 388, 435, 460

Y

Young, Arthur (1741-1820)—English agronomist and economist, adherent of the quantity theory of money.— 398

wisest of the Greek warriors who took part in the Trojan War.— 294

Peter Schlemihl—character of Chamis-so's short novel Peter Schlemihls wunder-same Geschichte, who exchanged his shadow for a magic purse.—350

Pluto (Gr. Myth.)—the god of the netherworld and fertility.— 451

Plutus (Gr. Myth.)—the god of wealth.—452

Robinson Grusoe—the title character in Daniel Defoe's novel.—217

INDEX OF LITERARY AND MYTHOLOGICAL NAMES