Name Index

A

Alexander of Macedon (Alexander the Great) (356-323 B.C.)—general and statesman of antiquity.—119, 120 Arcadius (377-408)—Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire (395-408).— 119, 120 Archimedes (c. 287-212 B.C.)—Greek mathematician and mechanical engineer.—119 Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)—Greek philosopher.—72, 97 Athrlstan (894-940)—King of Anglo-Saxons (924-940).—437 Atkinson, William—English economist of the 1830s-50s; opponent of classical political economy; protec-tionist.— 534 Augustus (Gaius Julius Caesar Octavia-nus) (63 B.C.-A.D. 14)—Roman Emperor (27 B.C.-A.D. 14).—425

B

Babbage, Charles (1792-1871)—English mathematician, mechanical engineer and economist.—269, 307, 509 Bailey, Samuel (1791-1870) —English economist and philosopher; criticised Ricardo's labour theory of value.—168-69, 502, 503 Bastiat, Frédéric (1801-1850)—French economist; preached harmony of

class interests in capitalist society.—5-8, 9-16, 18, 175, 180, 181, 195, 196, 237, 244-45, 248, 311, 352, 360, 364, 500 Bellers, John (1654-1725)—English economist; author of Utopian projects of social reform.—97 Bockh, August (1785-1867)—German historian and philologist.—116 Boisguillebert, Pierre le Pesant, sieur de

(1646-1714)—French economist, father of French classical political economy.—5, 133-34, 153, 165, 271 Bray, John Francis (1809-1897)— English economist, Utopian socialist, follower of Robert Owen, developed the theory of "labour money".—74, 481 Brutus, Marcus Junius (c. 85-42 B.C.) — Roman politician; leader of the conspiracy against Julius Caesar.— 411

C

Caesar, Gaius Julius (c. 100-44 B.C.) — Roman general, statesman and writer.—119, 120 Campbells—aristocratic family in Western Scotland, known from the 13th century.—406 Carey, Henry Charles (1793-1879)— American economist, set forth the theory of the harmony of class interests in capitalist society.—5-11, 18, 23, 180, 296, 478, 499-502, 516 Cato, Marcus Porcius (the Elder) (234-149 B.C.) — Roman politician and writer, author of the treatise Agriculture.— 411 Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de (1547-1616)—Spanish writer.— 14 Chalmers, Thomas ( 1780-1847) — Scottish Protestant theologian, economist, follower of Malthus.—5, 519-21 Cherbuliez, Antoine Elesée (Elisée) (1797-1869)—Swiss economist, tried to combine Sismondi's theory with elements of Ricardo's theory.— 226, 234, 461 Chevalier, Michel (1806-1879)—French engineer, economist and writer, follower of Saint-Simon in the 1830s, later a Free Trader.—63 Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106-43 B.C.)— Roman orator and statesman.—406 Cleisthenes (6th cent. B.C.)—Athenian politician.—406

D

Daire, Louis François Eugène (1798-1847)—French economist, publisher of works on political economy.— 271 Darimon, Louis Alfred (1819-1902)— French politician, writer and historian, follower of Proudhon.—51, 52, 55-59, 61-65, 71-72 Darius the Great (c. 550-486 B.C.) — King of Persia (c. 522-486 B.C.).— 116 Defoe, Daniel (1660-1731)—English writer.—17 De Quincey, Thomas (1785-1859)— English writer and economist; com-mentator of Ricardo's works.—476-80 Dionysius Halicarnassensis ("of Halicar-nassus") (second half of the 1st cent. B.C.)—Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric.—405 DM Cange, Charles du Fresne, sieur (1610-1688)—French historian and philologist.—437

Dureau de la Malle, Adolphe Jules César Auguste (1777-1857)—French poet and historian.—115-20

E

Euclid (late 4th-early 3rd cent. B.C.)— Greek mathematician.—119

F

Ferrier, François Louis Auguste (1777-1861) — French economist, epigone of mercantilism.—148-49, 520 Fourier, François Marie Charles (1772-1837)—French Utopian socialist.— 530

G

Gallatin, Albert (1761-1849)—American statesman and economist, author of works on finance and on money circulation.—503 Ganilh, Charles (1758-1836)—French politician and economist, epigone of mercantilism.—151, 190 Gamier, Germain, marquis (1754-1821)—French economist and politician, follower of the Physiocrats, translator and critic of Adam Smith.—118, 121, 126, 529 Gaskell, Peter (first half of the 19th cent.)—English physician and journalist, liberal.—507 Girardin, Emile de (1806-1881)— French journalist and politician; editor of La Presse; notorious for his lack of principles in politics.— 71 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832)—German poet.—58 Gray, John (1798-1850)—English economist, Utopian socialist.—74, 90, 340 Grimm, Jacob Ludwig Carl (1785-1863)—German philologist, profes-sor of Berlin University.—115 Gülich, Gustav von (1791-1847) — German economist and historian; author of several works on the history of national economy; protec-tionist.—5, 119 H L

Harlow, John (mid-19th cent.)—British economist of the Birmingham school, known as the "little shilling men". He and his fellow-thinker Wright wrote under the pseudonym of Gemini.—339 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770-1831)—German philosopher.— 38, 39, 75, 110 Henry VII (1457-1509)—King of England (1485-1509).—431 Henry VIII (1491-1547)—King of England (1509-1547).—431 Herodotus (c. 484-c. 425 B.C.)—Greek historian.—116, 117 Hesiod (c. 8th cent. B.C.)—Greek poet.—117, 127 Hobbes, Thomas (1588-1679)—English philosopher.—93 Hodgskin, Thomas (1787-1869)— English economist and writer, Utopian socialist.—343, 344-45, 350, 522 Homer—semi-legendary Greek epic poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey.—110, 117, 127 Honorius (384-423)—Emperor of the Western Roman Empire (395-423).—119-20 Horner, Leonard (1785-1864)—English geologist and public figure; factory inspector (1833-56), upheld the workers' interests.—261 Hubbard, John Gellibrand (1805-1889)— British politician, Conservative; M.P. (1859-68 and 1874-87); a di-rector of the Bank of England (1838).—128 Humboldt, Alexander (Friedrich Heinrich

Alexander), Baron von (1769-1859) — German naturalist and traveller.— 117

J

Jacob, William (c. 1762-1851)—English businessman; author of several works on economics.— 80, 103, 116, 117, 118, 127, 128, 163

Lauderdale, James Maitland, 8th Earl of (1759-1839)—British politician and economist, criticised Adam Smith's theory.—150, 316 Letronne, Jean Antoine (1787-1848)— French archaeologist and philologist.—116 Linguet, Simon Nicolas Henri (1736-1794)—French lawyer, writer, historian and economist; adherent of absolutism; critic of the Physiocrats' theories and bourgeois views of freedom and property.—218 Locke, John (1632-1704)—English dual-ist philosopher and economist.—91 Loyd, Samuel Jones, first Baron Overstone (1796-1883)—English banker and economist; a theoretician of money circulation.—375-76 Lucretius (Titus Lucretius Carus) (c. 99-c. 55 B.C.)—Roman philosopher and poet.—117

M

M(a)cCulloch, John Ramsay (1789-1864)—Scottish economist who vulgarised Ricardo's teaching; developed theories which justified capitalist exploitation.—5, 338, 479, 534-35 Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766-1834)— English clergyman and economist.— 5, 160, 232, 252, 279, 328, 339-40, 344, 346, 467, 480, 485, 487-99, 514-19, 524-27, 535 Menenius, Agrippa (d. 493 B.C.)— Roman patrician.— 99 Mill, James (1773-1836)—British historian, economist and positivist philosopher, follower of Ricardo's theory, who tried to remove its contradictions by a formal logical method.—127, 338, 352 Mill, John Stuart (1806-1873)—British

positivist philosopher and economist; son of James Mill; epigone of classical political economy.— 5, 24, 25, 535-37 Mirabeau, Victor Riqueti, marquis de (1715-1789) —French economist, Physiocrat.—254 Misselden, Edward (c. 1608-1654)— British businessman and economist, Mercantilist.—161, 164-65 Müller, Adam, Heinrich, von Nitterdorf (1779-1829)—German writer and economist; expressed the interests of feudal aristocrats; opposed Adam Smith's theory.—437

N

Niebuhr, Barthold Georg (1776-1831) — German historian of antiquity.— - 404, 405, 425 Numa Pompilius (late 8th-early 7th cent. B.C.) — second semi-legendary king of Ancient Rome.—404, 425

O

Overstone—see Loyd, Samuel Jones, first Baron Overstone

P

Péreire, Isaac (1806-1880)—French banker, Bonapartist; deputy to the Corps législatif; together with his brother Emile Péreire, founded the joint-stock bank Crédit Mobilier — 59 Peter I (the Great) (1672-1725)—Tsar of Russia from 1682, Emperor from 1721.—452 Petty, Sir William (1623-1687) —English economist and statistician, founder of English classical political economy.—5, 106, 164 Pitt, William, the Junior (1759-1806) — British statesman, a Tory leader; Prime Minister (1783-1801 and 1804-06).—298 Pliny (Gaius Plinius Secundus) (the Elder) (23-79) — Roman naturalist, author of Natural History in 37 books.—118 Price, Richard (1723-1791)—English radical journalist, economist and moral philosopher.— 298 Proudhon, Pierre Joseph (1809-1865)— French writer, economist and sociologist, a founder of anarch-

ism.—13, 18, 44, 52, 61, 67-68, 73-75, 110, 180, 195-96, 198, 236, 237, 244, 311, 339, 352, 354, 360-62, 368, 412, 531

R

Ramsay, Sir George (1800-1871) — English economist, follower of classical political economy.—241, 470, 473-74, 476, 535 Ravenstone, Piercy (d. 1830)—English Ricardian economist; opponent of Malthus; upheld the workers' interests.—169, 325, 494 Reitemeier, Johann Friedrich (1755-1839)—German lawyer, historian and writer.— 118 Ricardo, David (1772-1823)—English economist.—5, 6, 11, 17, 33, 34, 64, 183, 188, 198, 235, 242, 246, 252, 256, 258, 266, 271, 273-79, 282, 290, 311, 313, 337, 338, 340, 378, 473, 474-83, 502, 514-17, 526, 527 Roberts, Richard (1789-1864) — mechanical engineer; head of Roberts and Co., a designers' firm in Manchester; invented self-actor and other machines.—47 Rossi, Pellegrino Luigi Edoardo (1787-1848) — Italian economist, lawyer and politician; vulgarised Adam Smith's and David Ricardo's theories.— 510-14 Rothschild, Lionel Nathan, Baron (1808-1879)—head of the Rothschild banking house in London.—163 Rousseau, Jean Jacques (1712-1778)— French philosopher and writer of the Enlightenment.—17

S

Say, Jean Baptiste (1767-1832)—French economist; vulgarised Adam Smith's theory.—31, 148, 175, 182, 192, 198, 235, 338, 339, 352 Say, Louis Auguste (1774-1840) — French manufacturer and economist; brother and follower of Jean Bap-tiste Say.—148 Senior, Nassau William (1790-1864)— English economist, vulgarised Ricardo's theory, opposed shortening the working day.—'5, 168, 203, 231, 531 Servius Tullius (578-534 B.C.)—sixth semi-legendary king of Ancient Rome.—119 Shakespeare, William (1564-1616) — English dramatist and poet.—46-47, 100 Sismondi, Jean Charles Léonard Simonde

de (1773-1842)—Swiss economist, exponent of economic romanti-cism.—5, 127, 152, 192, 234, 235, 337-38, 339, 461 Smith, Adam (1723-1790)—Scottish economist.—17, 24, 41, 93, 104, 105, 107, 149, 203, 231, 252, 254-56, 340, 398, 431-32, 474, 475, 481, 502, 521, 529, 530, 532-34 Solly, Edward (first half of the 19th cent.)—English economist.—149 Spinoza, Baruch or Benedictus de (1632-1677)—Dutch philosopher.—28 Steuart, Sir James (1712-1780)—English economist; one of the last representatives of mercantilism.—18, 106, 128, 131, 139, 158, 159, 206, 395 Storch, Heinrich Friedrich von (1766-1835)—Russian economist, statisti-cian and historian; follower of classical political economy, German by birth.—31, 127, 160-61, 168, 170, 201, 203, 339, 467, 472 Strabo(n) (c. 63 B.C.-A.D. c. 20)— Greek geographer and historian.— 109-10, 116

T

Taylor, James (1788-1863)—English banker; adherent of bimetallism; author of several works on money.—151 Theodosius II (c. 401-450)—Emperor of

the Eastern Roman Empire (408-450).—119 Thompson, William (c. 1785-1833)— Irish economist, Utopian socialist.— 467 Tooke, Thomas (1774-1858)—English economist; follower of classical political economy.— 5

Torrens, Robert (1780-1864)—English economist, vulgarised Ricardo's theory.—511

U

Urquhart, David (1805-1877)—English diplomat, journalist and politician; Tory M. P. (1847-52).—8, 80

V

Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro) (70-19 B.C.)—Roman poet.—100, 155 Voltaire (François Marie Arouet) (1694-1778)—French philosopher, writer and historian of the Enlighten-ment.—13

W

Wade, John (1788-1875)—English writer, economist and historian.— 504, 535 Wakefield, Edward Gibbon (1796-1862) — English statesman, economist; commentator of Ricardo's works; author of the theory of colonisation.—208, 340, 484-85, 502, 534 Weitling, Wilhelm Christian (1808-1871)—one of the early leaders of the working-class movement in Ger-many; a theoretician of Utopian egalitarian communism, a tailor.— 73 William I (1027-1087)—King of England (1066-1087).—325 Wirth, Johann Georg August (1798-1848)—German historian and writer.—127 Wright, Thomas Barber (mid-19th cent.) — British economist of the Birmingham school, known as the "little shilling men". He and his fellow-thinker Harlow wrote under the pseudonym of Gemini.— 339

X

Xenophon (c. 430-c. 354 B.C.)—Greek historian and philosopher.—106, 119-20 INDEX OF LITERARY AND MYTHOLOGICAL NAMES

Achilles (Gr. Myth.)—the bravest Greek warrior in the Trojan War, the central figure in Homer's Iliad.—47 Adam (Bib.).—18, 529 Christ, Jesus (Bib.).—257 Don Quixote—the title character in Cervantes' novel.—14 Esau (Bib.).—233 Fama—Roman name of the Greek god-dess Ossa, the personification of rapidly spreading rumour.—47 Hermes (Gr. Myth.)—god of trade.—47 Jacob (Bib.).—165 Jehovah (Bib.).—529 Jupiter—the supreme god of the Romans, corresponding to the Greek god Zeus.—47 Manu (Hindu Myth.)—the ancestor of mankind, legendary author of an ancient Hindu law-book.—117, 120 Matthew (Bib.)—164

Midas (Gr. Myth.)—a king of Phrygia

who turned to gold everything he touched.—166 Moloch—the god of sun, fire and war

in Carthage and Phoenicia, whose worship was accompanied by human sacrifices.—133-34 Moses (Bib.).—404 Prometheus (Gr. Myth.)—a Titan who

stole fire from the gods and gave it to men, was chained to a rock. — 18 Robinson Crusoe—the title character in

Daniel Defoe's novel.—17 Romulus—a legendary founder and the

first ruler of Ancient Rome.—404 Sancho Pansa (Panza)—a character in

Cervantes' Don Quixote.—14 Terminus (Rom. Myth.)—god of boundaries and boundary stones.— 404 Vulcan (Rom. Myth.)—god of fire and

metal-working.—47