Subject Index
A
Abstraction, abstract and concrete—337-
39, 365-67, 377, 381, 404 Abyssinia—161 Aesthetics— 362, 388 Africa—160, 247 Agnosticism—367-68 Agriculture— 36, 60, 138, 163, 209, 248-49, 254, 261-63, 265, 266, 341-42, 431, 437-39, 556-59, 602, 603 Aims and means—126, 127, 133, 155, 173, 212, 219-20, 275, 290, 292, 296, 307, 319, 321, 373, 379, 386-87, 390, 400, 436, 440-41, 480, 481, 502, 553, 604-05, 615-16, 619-
20 Alamanni (Swabians)—18, 54, 59, 82, 95-101, 104, 106, 199 Albigenses—395 Alienation, estrangement—215, 269, 270,
273-74, 276, 360, 364, 370, 383, 450 Alsace— 411, 485, 491-93, 495-97 America—131, 136, 137, 159, 160, 162, 204, 558 American Indians— 7, 129, 136-38, 140,
156, 157, 163, 191-97, 200, 202, 209, 210, 216, 225, 240, 243, 244, 246, 256 Analogy— 83-90, 145, 232-33, 357, 375,
387, 390, 404, 501, 508, 517 Anarchism, anarchists—364, 382, 422, 426
Ancient Greece—139, 149, 165, 170-72, 176, 184, 190, 204-22, 229, 244, 245, 266-68, 388 Ancient Rome—15, 16, 24, 29, 31, 36, 39, 53, 55, 149, 166, 168, 177, 184, 188, 201, 222-31, 239, 243-45, 247-55, 266-69, 271, 275, 376, 393, 394, 437, 553, 601-03 Angles— 38, 48, 49, 54, 55 See also Anglo-Saxons Anglo-Egyptian war, 1882 — 411-12 Anglo-Saxons—43, 57 Annexation—495 Antagonism, contradiction—113, 121, 125, 132, 144-45, 166, 173, 175, 178, 181, 214, 216, 222, 226, 268-70, 275-86, 317-21, 327, 329, 359-65, 378, 387, 390, 393, 438, 476-77, 479, 500, 528, 599, 600, 601, 604-05, 619 Antiquity—159, 161, 174, 177, 183, 184, 209, 211-12, 214-16, 219, 222, 229, 231, 248-49, 253-55, 265-75, 379, 437, 553, 607 . See also Ancient Greece; Ancient Rome; Athens (ancient) Antithesis, opposites—\2l, 122, 125, 139, 144, 173-75, 181, 183, 216, 222, 264, 268-69, 276, 317, 321, 329, 339, 359, 366, 378, 381, 384, 387-88, 395, 436, 438, 463, 500, 501, 601, 619 Antwerp—548 Appropriation—139, 273, 337, 401, 436, 603, 608, 610 Arabs—62 Aristocracy, mobility— 212, 215, 251, 264,
266-75, 296, 553, 556-57, 559, 562-64 —English — 389, 523, 547 —French — 346, 404 —German — 68, 73, 75, 123, 342-46, 450, 476, 498-502, 506-09, 555-59 579, 580 — Italian — 463 Armaments, weapons—6, 7, 15, 41, 135-
36, 203, 219, 243, 260, 261, 262, 557, 562-64 Armchair socialists—427 Army—10, 26-30, 72, 78-81, 198-99, 219, 245, 246, 251, 252, 269, 323, 346, 417, 473, 479, 484 —Austrian — 478, 626 —British — 203, 562-63 —French — 459, 496, 497, 563 —German — 423, 444, 450-51, 563, 580 —Prussian — 443, 450, 471-74, 478, 578, 595 —Russian — 496 See also Armaments, weapons; Artillery ; Infantry ; Navy Art — 139, 147-48, 276, 388
—of ancient Germans — 40-42 Artillery— 562, 564 Aryans — 8, 59, 137 Asia—160, 232, 259, 437 Assimilation (national)—493-94, 559-60 Association— 216, 272, 553, 619 Atheism— 363-65, 368-73, 375-77 Athens (ancient)—184, 213-22, 266-71,
275 Australia— 6, 135, 499, 524 Austria (before 1867)—124, 410, 412,
413, 422, 456, 458-64, 465-66, 468-69, 474, 477-78, 482-84, 492
See also Army—Austrian; Austro-Italo-French war, 1859; Austro-Prussian war, 1866 Austria-Hungary (from 1867)—410-15, 482, 488, 510, 543, 578 See also Hungary Austro-Italo-French war, 1859 — 421-22, 461-63, 473, 478 Austro-Prussian war, 1866 — 307, 412, 450, 481-87, 504, 578 Average rate of profit—282
B
Babouvism—313, 604 Baden— 418-19, 423, 482, 594, 595 Balkans, the— 293, 412 Banks— 296, 349, 464
—in Proudhon's theory — 427 See also Stock Exchange Barbarians— 24, 31, 255-56 Basis and superstructure—118, 183, 259,
267, 283, 303, 317-18, 390-95, 517, 535 Bastarnae (ancient Germans)—10, 15,
18, 56, 246 Batavi (ancient Germans)—12, 19, 23,
53, 101, 240 Bavaria— 62, 482 Being-—365-68 Belgae—12, 55, 240 Belgium— 485, 494, 558 Berlin—123, 425, 456 Bible—112-17 Biology—118, 403, 517
See also Darwinism Blanquism, Blanquists—313, 316, 317 Blood revenge— 25, 202, 208, 240, 256 Bonapartism— 271, 460-62, 476-77
—Prussian — 271, 475, 477, 480, 498, 503, 505, 579-80 Bosnia— 410, 411 Bourgeoisie—187, 283, 303, 359, 376, 389-93, 397, 455, 456, 472, 517, 535, 597-600 —British — 295-300, 331, 389, 400, 546-50 — French — 125, 271-72, 303, 331, 389, 396, 404, 407, 409, 460-62, 476-77, 546, 547 —German — 121-22, 304, 309, 331, 363, 456, 459, 464, 469-71, 476-80, 482-84, 498-503, 505-07, 523, 546, 547, 578-80 — Italian — 463, 470 — Prussian — 123, 305, 469-71 —US — 462, 526 Brandenburg— 34, 54, 196, 342, 347,
348 Britons—150 Buddhism— 376 Bulgaria, Bulgarians—410-15 Bureaucracy—121, 123 Burghers—185, 393, 395, 561, 597 Burgundy, Burgundians—43, 44, 47, 236, 237, 485, 563, 564 Byzantium—39
C
California— 400, 456, 499, 524 Calvinism—186, 395-96, 554 Cannibalism—135, 138 Capital— 391, 528-29, 600
See also Concentration of capital "Capital" by Karl Marx, Vol. One — 279-
80, 335-40, 403, 426, 500, 589-90, 600-01, 606-14 Capitalist— 296, 359, 390, 400, 401,
404, 433, 462, 535-36, 550, 608, 610, 619 Capitalist mode of production—186, 188, 282, 283, 286-88, 300, 390, 399, 438, 524, 533, 536, 599-600, 602 Capital punishment—202 Categories— 281, 336, 369 Catholicism— 395-96, 597 Causality—\4S-44, 156, 158, 162, 182-84, 189, 230, 262, 264-65, 268-69, 297, 308, 325, 333, 370, 388-91, 400, 401, 412, 430, 431, 435-38, 443, 469-70, 496, 523-24, 534-36, 548, 554, 560, 564, 608 Cell— 372, 385 Celts— 9-11, 13, 33, 53, 96, 159-61,
232-35 Censorship—123, 358 Chartism, Chartist movement—295-97, 316, 318, 319, 566-77 Chatti (Hessians) —18, 19, 23, 26, 53-55, 82, 101, 102, 104 Chauvinism— 413, 415, 449, 460, 462,
484 Chemistry— 329, 367, 370, 371, 375-76,
386, 529 Cherusci (ancient Germans)—18, 20-23,
26-27, 49, 53-55, 101 Christianity—112-17, 249, 320, 366, 376-77, 394-96, 597 Church— 61-68, 76, 77, 178, 187, 250,
253, 275, 366, 376, 395, 396, 504, 509, 597-98 —clergy — 61-64, 66-68, 75, 76, 561, 597 —monasteries — 64, 67, 80, 82, 254, 343
Cimbri—10, 11, 14, 18, 35, 38, 48, 56, 236 Civilisation—134, 139, 173, 175, 247, 270, 275-76, 401 "Civil society"— 318, 339-40, 377, 391 Civil War in the USA, 1861-65 — 358, 525, 527 Class (es)—118, 132, 173, 177, 181, 183, 203, 261, 265-67, 275, 303, 378, 379, 389, 391-93, 396, 472, 512, 517, 523, 536, 549-50, 557, 559, 601-04, 615 —in ancient society — 214-15, 219, 221, 231, 263, 268, 271, 274, 608 —in feudal society — 253-55, 270-72, 556, 598 —in bourgeois society — 121, 122, 125, 181, 187-88, 316-18, 329, 381, 389-90, 403, 436-38, 463, 499-503, 523, 536, 598-99, 601, 619 Class struggle—118-21, 181, 216, 231, 255, 268, 270, 271, 302-03, 306, 317, 319, 321-22, 376, 389-91, 393, 395, 404, 427, 434, 439, 441, 460, 472, 499, 502, 512, 517, 554, 556, 597-98, 600 Code civil—123, 392, 506 Cognition— 273-74, 359-62, 367, 383-87 Cologne Communist Trial (1852)—312,
328-29 Commodity— 216, 265-66, 336-39, 400,
402, 602, 605 Commodity circulation—273-75 Commodity production—186, 213, 261, 273-74, 283, 287-88, 598, 602, 605, 606 Communism (social formation)—118-19, 183, 272, 276, 289, 317-19, 321, 323, 359, 403-04, 426, 427, 436-39, 455-56, 517, 553, 591-92, 602, 605-06, 615, 619-20 Communism (theories and trends) — 281-82, 403-04, 426, 517, 605 — Icarian (Cabet's)—516-17, 604 — "workers'", simplistic, egalitarian — 313, 314, 320. —Utopian — 313, 314, 318-20, 516-17 —in France — 313, 318, 320, 516 —in Germany — 306-07, 313, 322, 326, 329, 472 —in Switzerland — 320 See also Babouvism; Owenism, Owenists ; Weitlingianism, Weitlingians Communism, primeval—149, 157, 158, 161, 181, 203, 236, 259 Communist League—120-28, 306-07, 312-30, 512, 515 Communist movement—120-21, 321-30, 441-42, 517, 518 See also Cologne Communist Trial (1852); Communist League; German Workers' Educational Society in London (1840-1918); International Working Men's Association (First International) Community— 59, 155, 163, 205-06, 220,
232, 237, 241, 251, 260, 261, 263, 266, 268, 273 —in England — 232-33, 243, 251 —in Russia — 59, 167-69, 242, 345 —Mark community among Germans — 58-60, 169, 197, 201, 234, 236, 242, 251, 252, 253, 255, 269, 341, 342, 432 Competition— 282, 283, 286-88, 298-301, 400, 404, 528, 535, 536, 548, 598, 619 Concentration of capital—267, 400, 529 Concept (ion)— 146, 149, 187, 232, 236,
275, 284, 367, 383-84, 394 Confederation of the Rhine—463, 466, 469 Conquest—137, 250-52, 268, 270, 558 Consciousness—118, 121, 122, 154, 208,
273-74, 282, 305, 317, 329, 357, 361, 362, 366-69, 374, 383, 386-89, 391, 393, 394, 396-97, 435, 463, 517, 546, 626 —reason — 269, 348, 358-59, 365 Content and form—110, 213, 280-81, 337-38, 361, 365, 366, 368-70, 377, 383, 385-88, 390-93, 598, 599 Corn Laws (in England)—295, 296, 400, 521, 523, 528, 566, 569, 570, 571, 574 Court, judicial system—123, 243, 344, 507-08 Crimean war, 1853-56 — 460-62, 473 Culture—136-39, 564 Customs Union (Germany, 1834-71)—
469, 470, 484, 529, 578
D
Danish-Prussian war, 1848-50—450, 473 Danish war, 1864 — 478-79, 578
Darwinism—118, 371, 372, 385-86, 517, 612 Day labourers— 290, 344, 345, 348, 429,
500, 508 Democracy, ancient (social and political
system)—209, 211-13, 222, 229, 263, 267, 269 Democracy, petty-bourgeois (political movement)—125, 325-28 Democratic Association in Brussels (1847)—319, 521 Denmark—196, 456, 474, 554 Development— 114, 118, 120, 132, 136, 143, 145, 152, 153, 155-57, 166, 174-75, 178, 182, 192, 204, 246, 253, 256, 259, 263, 265, 269-75, 303, 317, 332, 358-60, 362, 366, 368-73, 383-87, 390, 400, 402, 403, 422, 433, 436, 439, 441, 457, 459, 470-71, 502, 506, 526, 561, 600, 603, 604, 608 Dialectical materialism—362-63, 369, 371, 381-98, 519-20 Dialectics, dialectical method—359-63, 369-72, 382-87, 397 Dialect (s) —Alamannic — 82, 87, 93, 96, 98-101, 106 —American Indian — 196, 200, 201,
209 —Bavarian — 106 —Bergish — 83-86, 89, 92-95, 99 —Dutch — 81, 86-90, 92 — Franconian — 18, 50, 55, 57, 81-106 —German living dialects — 18, 48, 57, 83-90, 92-95, 103-06, 335, 485, 494 —Gothic — 18, 48, 57 —Hessian — 82, 93, 101-03, 106 —High German —82-85, 87, 89, 92-93, 95, 104-07 — Ingaevonian — 49, 56, 83-85, 87, 90 — Lancashire — 89 —Latin — 97, 247 —Main-Franconian — 82 —Markish — 82, 84, 95 —of Palatinate —87, 104-07 —Ripuarian — 87-94, 97, 98, 100-04,
107 —Salic — 57, 84, 86-91, 96-98, 100,
102, 104 —Saxon — 18, 49, 50, 55, 56, 81-95, 99, 100, 102 —Thuringian — 82, 93, 102 —Wallonian — 91
—Westphalian — 55, 83-85, 93, 94, 97, 99 Dictatorship of the proletariat—426, 436-
37, 455-56, 518, 550, 615 Discovery— 369, 372, 385 Distribution— 253, 273, 605 Division of labour—158, 164, 173, 213-14, 217, 259-65, 267, 268, 272-73, 275, 390 Dogmatism— 359, 361, 597, 598 Domestic industry—7, 42-43, 135-36, 262-63, 428-33, 530
E
"Eastern question"—410-16 Eclecticism— 325, 372, 397, 520 Economic categories— 281, 287, 337-38 Economic crises— 265, 274, 288, 295, 296, 298-300, 327, 404, 524, 530, 535 Economic history—520, 601 Economic laws— 273-74, 282, 287-88,
299-300, 399, 402, 534 Economic relations— 318, 389-93, 396,
536, 598 Economics and politics—118, 121, 213, 271, 285, 318, 376, 389, 393, 456, 458, 459, 462, 470-71, 499, 502, 505, 506, 557, 559, 562, 579, 598 Embryology—361, 385 Emigration— 292, 293, 313-16, 319-24,
326-30, 418, 447, 448, 457, 532 Engels about Marx—118-20, 278, 302, 303, 317-19, 330, 335, 336, 382, 403, 442, 515, 517, 519, 520 England (Great Britain)—390, 506 —history (before 19th cent.)—6, 7, 9, 43, 50, 242, 247, 255, 308, 396, 429, 506, 522, 563-64 —in 19th cent.—298-301, 389, 402,
404, 522-25, 546-47 —commercial and industrial monopoly, causes for loss of dominant position — 288, 296, 300, 430, 521-23, 525, 528, 535 —industry — 297, 298, 300, 301, 400, 429, 430, 524, 525, 528, 534, 535 —commerce (trade)—298, 430, 521-23, 531
—economic crises — 295, 296, 298-
301, 524, 530-31 See also Angles; Anglo-Egyptian war, 1882; Anglo-Saxons; Army—British; Bourgeoisie—British; Britons; Chartism, Chartist movement; Corn Laws (in England); Free Trade; International Working Men's Association (First International)—in England; London; Peasantry—in England; Petty bourgeoisie— B ritish ; Protectionism ; Scotland; Socialism (theories and trends)—in England; Socialist movement, international (after the First International); Trade unions in England; Truck system; Wales; Working class—in Britain; Working-class and socialist movement—in Britain English bourgeois revolution (17th cent.) —396, 506, 554, 598 Epoch—118, 132, 136, 138, 165, 170, 171, 204, 212-14, 219, 229, 245, 262, 274, 391-92, 393, 517 Equality—181-82, 187, 200, 202-03, 206, 256, 379-80, 599, 604 Essence and phenomenon—192, 281, 287, 364, 372-73, 387 Europe— 254, 327-28, 450, 597 Exchange— 59, 132, 217, 260, 263, 265, 272-74, 288, 303, 390, 391, 517, 598, 600 Exchange value—337-39 Experience— 135, 188, 518 Exploitation— 268, 271, 274, 276, 317, 342, 350, 402, 438, 457, 517, 536-37, 547-48, 608 Expropriation— 432-33, 437-38
F
Factory, factory system—400, 429, 431-
33, 522, 530, 610-11 Family and marriage—131-32, 139-89, 206, 212, 225-28, 233, 255, 259, 261, 263, 274, 290 Feudalism— 265, 271-74, 342-45, 366,
371, 376, 378, 390, 393, 395-96, 437-38, 500, 553-55, 597-99, 601, 603, 608 —subsistence economy — 557-58, 597-98
See also Community; Guilds, guild system; Middle Ages; Monarchy— absolute; Serfdom; Society—feudal; State, the—feudal Feuerbach, Feuerbachianism— 364-65, 367-69, 371-82, 519-20 Finland, Finns—8, 13 Flanders— 98, 100, 493, 563 Force (violence)—295, 390, 455, 479, 495, 511, 578-79 Foreign trade— 33-34, 186, 213, 215, 430-32, 456, 522, 531, 532, 557 Fourierism, Fourierists—179, 255, 276, 516, 599 France— 255, 271, 272, 297, 302-03, 308-10, 313, 315-16, 319, 331-34, 346, 357, 375, 389, 392, 395, 396, 404, 407, 409, 411, 415-17, 429, 432, 459-65, 469, 473, 476-77, 479-82, 484-92, 494-96, 525, 532, 533, 546, 547, 556, 564, 578 See also Alsace; Bonapartism; French Revolution of the 18th century; Lorraine; Paris; Paris Commune of 1871; Petty bourgeoisie—French; Working-class and socialist movement—in France Franconia— 62, 82, 342 Franco-Prussian war, 1870-71—346, 411, 483-91, 495, 497, 509-10, 578-80 Frankish state— 50, 58-81, 246, 251-55, 560 Franks—18, 32, 44, 50-55, 81-82, 85-87, 95-97, 99, 100-03, 244, 247, 251-53 Freedom—121, 122, 128, 185-89, 215, 272, 275, 365, 391, 404, 457, 492, 503-04, 507, 512 Free Trade— 296, 297, 299, 521-26, 534-36 French philosophy— 357, 364, 370-73, 393 French Revolution of the 18th.century— 125, 218, 303, 309, 346, 350, 358, 375-76, 396, 489, 493, 502, 522 Frisians— 18, 19, 21, 23, 37, 38, 48-49, 53, 55, 59, 87, 99
G
Gaul— 9-11, 17, 19, 21, 28, 30, 55, 61-65, 77, 116, 240, 247, 250, 491
Gens, gentile constitution—59, 149, 152, 155-56, 163, 166, 206, 212, 262, 264, 266-70, 275, 517 —among Australians — 151, 154 —among American Indians — 132, 163, 199-211, 216, 223, 225, 231, 240, 243, 244, 256, 259 —among Germans — 59, 132, 196,
232, 236-45, 251, 256, 267, 268 —Greek — 132, 149, 190, 191, 196, 202, 204-23, 228, 229, 231, 237, 245, 256, 267, 268, 269 —among Indians, Caucasians, Kal-mucs and Samoyeds (Nentsi) — 232 —among Celts — 232-36 —among Mexicans — 212, 237 —Roman — 132, 149, 190, 191, 202,
223-31, 238, 245, 256, 267-69 See also Ancient Greece; Ancient Rome; Community; Family and marriage; Society—primitive; Tribe(s) Geography, geographical discoveries—44,
186, 558-59 George, Henry, teaching of—437-39 German Confederation (1815-66) — 307,
308, 456, 460, 480, 481 German Empire (after 1871) —271, 272, 307-09, 329, 397, 411-15, 417, 424, 450, 471, 475-76, 480, 484, 490, 491, 495-505, 507-10, 578-80 German Party of Progress (1861-84) —
500, 501 German philosophy— 357-59, 362-65, 367-72, 374, 381-84, 397-98, 403, 519-20 German Social-Democracy—307-09, 407, 417, 427-28, 442, 500, 510, 540, 580, 624
—Anti-Socialist Law, 1878 — 309, 329, 428, 578, 580, 624 German Workers' Educational Society in
London (1840-1918)—314-16 German Workers' Society in Brussels (from 1847) —277, 319 Germany —history — 9, 81-83, 85, 87, 132,
455, 466, 493, 496, 497, 510 —in Middle Ages —255, 309, 341-
45, 485, 554-59 —in 17th-18th centuries —345, 429,
485, 563 —and French Revolution of the 18th century —309-10, 346, 350, 459, 469, 493-95, 502 —in 19th century — 121, 310, 314,
329, 346-51, 357-58, 362-63, 390, 397, 457-60, 492-93, 499, 501-03, 507-09, 546, 558 —fragmentation of the country and
ways of its unification — 124, 307-
10, 397, 424, 455-60, 462, 464-66, 469-70, 473-74, 477, 479-89, 498-501, 503-10, 530, 554-55, 565, 578 —economy — 121-22, 329, 397, 424-
25, 428-33, 457, 458, 474, 493, 498-502, 522, 523, 525, 529-31, 539, 555, 558, 578, 580 —social and political system — 120,
121, 307-08, 342-44, 392, 395, 397, 457, 477, 481-85, 499, 503, 546, 553, 554 —social estates, classes — 121, 306,
309, 310, 317, 318, 397, 428, 450, 457, 476, 490, 500, 502, 507 —bourgeois liberalism — 357-58, 363-
64, 465, 470-77, 479, 480, 482-83, 501, 507 —democratic movement— 124, 125,
325, 327, 364, 457-59, 500, 501 —science and culture — 112, 363, 365, 371-72, 397-98, 470, 471, 484, 507, 520 —foreign policy — 484, 498 —and Britain — 459 —and France —460, 462, 464, 469,
477-82, 494-95 —and Holland — 395-96 —and Hungary —307, 456, 481 —and Italy —307, 421, 463, 555 —and Russia —414, 460, 466, 497-98 —and oppression of Slavs — 341, 481, 560 — and Switzerland — 124, 458 See also Aristocracy, nobility— German; Army—German; Baden; Bavaria, Berlin; Bourgeoisie— German; Brandenburg; Burghers; Confederation of the Rhine; Customs Union (Germany, 1834-71); German Confederation (1815-66); German Empire (after 1871); Hesse (Hesse-Darmstadt); Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (962-1806); Language— German ; Literature— classical German; National Association (Ger-
many, 1859-67); North German Confederation (1867-71); Peasant war in Germany, 1524-25; Petty bourgeoisie— German; Prussia; Rhine Province; Westphalia God(s)—114, 367, 377, 394 Gold and silver—187, 261, 263, 456, 506, 558 Goths—17-18, 43, 44, 47, 54, 56, 237, 247 Gotland— 35, 37-39 Greek philosophy— 394, 612 Guilds, guild system—185, 187, 390, 547, 553
H
Handicrafts, handicraftsmen— 262-63, 265, 317, 390, 500, 556, 557 Hegel, Hegelianism —Hegelian philosophy — 359-61, 365, 381-84, 519-20 —Hegelian system — 357, 360-65, 368, 374, 382 —Hegelian method —359-63, 369, 370, 383-84 —Hegelianism and reality — 358-59,
361, 366-69, 383-84 —Hegel's absolute idea — 360-61, 364, 367, 369, 370, 386 —idealism —364, 366-68, 373, 377,
382-84, 388, 391 — Hegelian dialectics —359-62, 370-
71, 382 —phenomenology of the mind — 361 —Hegelian logic —359-62, 369, 383 —philosophy of nature — 361, 364,
370, 383 —philosophy of the mind — 361 —philosophy of history — 358-62, 378, 386, 388 —philosophy of state and law — 269,
358, 361, 377 —philosophy of religion — 361 —aesthetics — 362 —and Prussian state — 357-58, 361,
363-64, 470 —and natural science — 360, 368, 370 —history of Hegelian philosophy —
357, 362-65, 381-84, 519-20 —and Feuerbach —364-65, 367, 368,
377-78, 382, 519-20
50* —and Marxism —364, 382-84, 519-20 Helvetii— 12, 32 Heresy, heretics-—395-96 Hermi(n)ones (ancient Germans)—18, 47, 53, 54, 57, 101, 237, 247 Hermunduri (Thuringians)—11, 13, 17, 18, 20, 23, 34, 53, 54, 67, 101 Hesse {Hesse-Darmstadt) — 82, 482 Historical approach—140-41, 148, 151-52, 163, 274, 360, 370-72, 377-81, 387, 391, 470, 599, 600, 603-04, 607-08 Historical materialism, materialist understanding of history—118-19, 131-32, 278, 303, 318, 360-62, 369-72, 382-83, 386-98, 458-59, 519-20, 599, 601 Historiography, historians—10-19, 32-34, 48-49, 80, 113, 118-19, 132-33, 166-68, 206, 210, 213, 225, 340, 377, 389, 393, 397-98, 479 —bourgeois — 126, 132-33, 142-43, 158, 166-68, 206-08, 225-27, 229, 232, 241-42, 254, 269, 308, 376, 389, 393, 479 —Marxist — 118-19, 131-32, 169, 302-03, 458-59, 608 History— 29-30, 118, 273-74, 303, 308, 318, 359-61, 370-71, 386-91, 393, 440, 455, 458, 502, 576-79, 607 Holland— 395-96, 485, 522, 554, 557, 558 Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (962-1806) —309-10, 459, 465, 491-93, 554 Housing question—401, 424-25, 428, 433 Hundred Years' War, 1337-1453 — 555, 563-65 Hungary— 298, 307, 410, 455, 456, 466 Hypothesis— 165, 237, 368
I
Iberians—8, 9 Ideal—193-94, 208, 318, 359, 372-73, 385-89, 591 Idealism— 366, 373 —history of — 364, 366-69, 371-73,
382-83 —and fundamental question of philosophy — 366-67
—and materialism — 364, 366-74, 382-83 —and religion —364-66, 368, 374-77 —Feuerbach's idealistic understanding of history —372, 374-82 Idea(s) —143, 204, 376, 384, 475, 597
See also Hegel, Hegelianism—Hegel's absolute idea Identity—367 Ideological struggle in the working-class
movement— 320-21, 325-28, 515 Ideology— 283, 303, 376, 388, 389, 392-
98, 458, 470, 519, 553 Impoverishment of the working class—267,
298-301, 391 India— 6 Industrial reserve army—298, 535 Industrial revolution—424, 425, 432-33 Infantry—122-28, 319, 623-24 Ingaevones (ancient Germans)—18, 47-
56, 247 Intellectual, the—465, 585 Interests— 59, 120, 122, 124, 165, 184-
86, 203, 217, 264, 267, 269, 296, 322, 344-46, 381, 390, 395-96, 398, 414, 415, 433, 436-38, 440-43, 450, 459, 462-63, 466, 497, 499, 503, 506, 523, 549, 550, 601, 615 Internationalism, proletarian—312, 322, 330, 406-07, 449, 455-56 International Working Men's Association
(First International) —312, 322, 330, 422, 426 Inventions—135-36, 138, 529, 534, 564 Ireland — 9, 232-34, 295, 296, 429, 431,
432, 571, 573-75, 577, 602 " Irony of history"— 60, 186, 188, 304-05 Italian wars, 1494-1559—5 Italy— 8, 9, 33, 138, 297, 308, 411, 422,
455, 460, 462-65, 470, 488, 494, 507, 555-57, 578 See also Aristocracy, nobility—Italian
J
Judaism—113-14 Junkers, Prussian— 342-51, 450, 480, 489-90, 495, 498-502, 505, 507-09 Jurisprudence— 123, 395, 504, 597, 599 Justice— 358, 435, 507, 579 Jutland, Jutes—10, 14, 38, 55, 478 K
Kaffirs— 203 Kant, Kantianism— 359, 367, 368, 370,
373, 381 Knights—177-78, 184, 187, 341, 343, 558, 561-65 Knights of Labor (USA) —437, 439-40
L
Labour— 132, 250, 261, 264, 283, 285, 288-89, 339, 340, 350, 398, 605, 619 See also Division of labour; Labour power; Labour time Labour power— 261, 274, 291, 299, 401 Labour time— 287, 336, 400, 610 Langobardi— 11, 22, 23, 45, 49, 54-55,
66, 236, 237 Language— 8, 50, 86-88, 90, 105, 106, 209, 247, 252, 335-40, 485, 494-95, 559-60, 564 —American Indian — 196, 200-02 —Anglo-Saxon —43, 49-50, 56, 83,
84-86 —Castillian — 564 —Danish — 14, 87, 88, 105 —Dutch — 8 1 , 83, 86-92, 94, 104, 107 —English — 50, 89, 336, 508 —Flemish —87, 88, 90 —French —50, 81, 88, 90, 98, 100,
103, 485, 493, 494 —Frisian —18, 48-50, 56, 83-85, 90,
99 —German — 18, 50-51, 53-54, 57, 81-85, 87-89, 92-95, 99-100, 104-07, 236, 335, 336, 485, 492, 494-95, 559-60 —Gothic — 17-18, 43, 47-48, 56-57,
85, 87, 102 —Greek —56, 89, 209, 247 — Italian —89 —Latin —56, 89, 97, 247, 252 — Portuguese, Provençal — 564 —Roman (old French) —96-100, 252, 559-60 —Scandinavian — 18, 43, 56, 57, 90, 237 Large-scale industry— 262, 299-300, 317,
359, 389, 390, 391, 397, 424, 430-32, 435, 500, 599, 602 Lassalleanism, Lassalleans—275, 278, 500, 515 Latifundia— 30, 36, 248, 254, 348 Law, right— 24-25, 58-59, 65-72, 74,
78-79, 152, 154-55, 160-68, 170, 173,
179-81, 186, 194, 205-07, 210, 212, 214-15, 218, 223-25, 234, 237-39, 241, 242, 244, 247, 250, 255, 262, 266, 275, 283, 341, 343, 346-47, 377, 379, 391-93, 395, 458, 486, 506, 507, 558, 561-62, 597-609, 614-15 See also Jurisprudence; Justice; Lawyers, jurists Law(s)—273-74, 387, 389, 548 —of nature —371-72, 384-86 —of society —282-83, 287, 299, 391, 393, 402, 440, 599-600, 615 —of thinking —369, 384, 394, 397 Lawyers, jurists— 230, 234, 259, 344,
392, 393, 506-07, 561, 600-02 See also Legislation League of the Just— 313-21, 517 Legislation—160, 180, 232-35, 266, 270, 346, 391-93, 457, 483, 506-07, 598, 615 Liberalism— 357 Linguistics—40, 57 Literature—109, 110, 138-39, 147, 170-71, 178, 206, 208-12, 235, 238, 239, 335-36, 423, 471, 564 —English —235 —classical German — 147, 184, 237, 262, 423 —classical Greek — 111, 138-39, 147, 170-72, 184, 208-12 —classical Roman — 111, 537 —classical Scandinavian — 147, 239 —French — 178, 373, 496 —German — 110-11, 147, 178, 373, 423, 493, 496 —Provençal — 177, 184 —Swedish — 178 Lithuania, Lithuanians—8, 46, 342, 565 Logic—see Hegel, Hegelianism Lombardy— 494 London— 299, 314, 425, 547-49 Lorraine— 92, 96, 100, 103-04, 411,
485, 491-95, 497, 559, 578 Lutheranism—186, 395-96, 554 Luxemburg— 103, 104, 485-86, 494 M
Macedonia— 10, 246, 410 Machines— 275, 298-99, 389, 429-30,
433, 436, 535, 602, 609-10 Man, individual— 6-8, 131-32, 134-35,
139, 143-45, 160, 216, 255, 313, 362, 364, 373-81, 383, 386-87, 389, 391, 392 Mankind—118, 134-39, 143, 182, 254, 359-62, 365, 367, 373, 404, 517 Manufacture— 186, 390, 432, 463 Marcomanni (Bavarians)—11, 12, 18, 21, 23, 45, 54 Materialism— 364-75, 382-83, 388, 397
See also Dialectical materialism; Historical materialism, materialist understanding of history Matter, material— 203, 366-70, 380, 391-
94, 429, 458, 465, 506, 507 Means of production—183, 381, 401, 426, 427, 436-38, 521, 599, 602, 605, 607, 609 Merchants— 265-66, 496, 500
— Hanseatic — 557 Metaphysics— 368-72, 384-87 Method—see Hegel, Hegelianism Mexico—136, 137, 161, 187, 212 Middle Ages—185, 255, 366, 371, 376, 395, 438, 556, 558-62, 564, 597, 602-03 Migration of the peoples—8-14, 21-22, 33, 37, 40, 41, 43-44, 51, 59-60, 103, 237, 243-45, 554 Military art—10, 31-32, 237-38, 478, 562-63 See also Army "Military democracy"— 211, 229, 263 Mind— 360, 361, 366, 369 Mode of production— 216, 303, 391, 431,
517, 521-22, 597-603 Monarchy— 211, 303, 361, 554, 561-65
—absolute — 123, 271, 306, 455-56, 554-55, 598 Money— 33, 39, 216, 260, 265-67, 273,
274, 557-58 Monopolies— 531-33, 547-50, 553, 579 Morality—147-48, 177, 178, 204, 235, 373-75, 377-81 Mortgage— 215, 266, 274, 323, 432,
499, 626 Motion— 303, 370, 383-87
Mythology—139, 170-71, 173, 197, 208, 238-39, 394
N Napoleonic wars—123, 307, 309, 345, 346, 347, 449, 455, 465, 469, 489-90, 493, 564 Nation— 200, 247, 254-55, 371, 455-56,
493, 559-61, 564 National Association (Germany, 1859-67)—474, 476 Nationalisation of land—323, 437-39 National Liberals (Germany, from 1866)—307, 501, 505, 507 Nationalities question—394, 455-56
—criticism of the Bonapartist "nationalities principle"—462, 477 Nationality— 254, 394, 559, 560 Natural science— 360, 369-72, 384-86,
397, 597, 612 Nature—134-39, 145-46, 204, 216, 273, 360, 364, 366, 370-72, 375, 381, 382-85, 394, 397, 439 Navy—558 Needs, requirements—122, 138, 157, 183,
217, 261, 267, 271, 286-88, 364, 375, 376, 379, 390-92, 394, 404, 458, 505, 506, 555-56 Neo-Kantianism—368 New York— 581, 582, 585 Mc«—463, 494 Nomads—14 Normans— 37, 39, 138, 252 North German Confederation (1867-71)—
307, 308, 480-85, 503, 505 Notion—158, 367, 394 Nuremberg—491 -92
O
Officials— 270, 271 Old Hegelianism— 363, 397 Organisation of social labour and production— 272, 287-89, 390, 619 Organism— 370, 385 Outlaws' League—313 Owenism, Owenists—301, 516, 599
P
Paganism—114 —priests — 174, 193, 205, 211-12, 229 Palaeontology—141, 361 Paris— 313, 316, 425, 490-91 Paris Commune of 1871 — 406-07, 426, 432, 497, 518, 595 Parliament, British— 501, 508, 568-74, 577. Party of the Centre (Germany, from 1870)—504, 509 Party, political— 317, 501, 529, 615-16 Party, proletarian—120-28, 272, 306, 307, 319-25, 327, 330, 332, 404, 407, 416-17, 426-28, 436-41, 512, 518, 615-16 See also Communist League; International Working Men's Association (First International); Proletariat's tactics in class struggle; Socialist Labor Party of North America (from 1876); United Labor Party (USA); Workers' Party of France Pastoral peoples—137-38, 162, 164 Peasant labour services and dues—64-65, 248-49, 342-44, 347-49 Peasantry— 67, 71, 78-81, 203, 231, 255, 344-46, 348-50, 432-33, 437, 499, 556-59, 562-63, 603 —in Belgium — 558 —in England — 429, 563 —in France — 252, 254, 255, 346 —in Germany — 255, 341-43, 428-29,
432-33, 464, 499-501, 555, 558 —in Ireland — 234, 300, 571, 574 —in Italy — 463 —in Russia — 345 —in Spain — 161 — in Switzerland — 563 See also Day labourers; Peasant labour services and dues; Peasant war in Germany, 1524-25; Serfdom Peasant war in Germany, 1524-25—342, 554 People, popular masses—11, 14, 18, 33, 55, 59, 81, 113, 202, 204, 209, 263, 388-89, 394, 395, 470, 479, 493, 524, 559 Period of transition from capitalism to communism—426-27, 437 Petty bourgeoisie—125, 283, 306, 317, 500 —British — 295, 584 — French — 125, 332 —German — 121, 123, 306, 309, 317,
464, 500, 501, 507, 584
—Prussian — 123, 471 Philosophy—141, 283, 303, 314, 315, 357-78, 380-89, 393-95, 403, 470, 520, 597, 599, 612 See also Dialectical materialism; Dialectics, dialectical method; Feuerbach, Feuer-bachianism; French philosophy; German philosophy; Hegel, Hegelianism; Historical materialism, materialist understanding of history; Idealism; Kant, Kantianism; Materialism; Metaphysics; Morality; Natural science; Neo-Kantianism; Old Hegelianism; Philosophy of nature; Stoicism, stoics; " Thing-in-itself" (Kant); World (philos.); Young Hegelianism Philosophy of nature— 386-87, 397 Physiology— 371, 385 Plebeians, pUbs— 231-32, 268, 395, 598 Poetry—108-11, 177, 184, 423, 471, 536 Poland—124, 324, 410, 455, 466 Police— 221, 270 Political struggle— 301-02, 318, 389-91, 393, 598-99 Political system— 60, 78, 310, 358, 391, 502 Politics—118, 141, 283, 302, 318, 357, 389-93, 395, 462, 516-17, 529, 546, 558, 559, 591, 599-600 Pomerania — Z5, 342, 347 Pope, papacy— 61, 509, 597 Population—138, 161, 204, 242, 246, 247, 256, 263, 265, 270, 342 Possibilism, Possibilists—542-44
Possibilist Paris Congress (1889)—542, 543 Press, the—122-28, 319, 623-24 Prerequisites—177, 267, 269, 450, 470 Prevision, forecasting—189-90, 318-19, 327, 417, 428, 451, 484, 486, 503-04, 580, 624 Price— 282, 286-89, 429-31, 610 Principle*—120, 281, 296, 312, 322, '367, 441, 462, 477, 495, 515, 523, 535, 579, 584 Private property—132, 163-64, 173, 186, 188, 205, 216, 218-19, 259, 260, 266, 275, 321, 561, 600 Production— 118, 131-32, 134-39, 181-82, 186, 188, 204, 213, 216, 242-43, 246, 249, 250, 253, 256-68, 272-75, 286-88, 303, 327, 365, 368, 380, 389-92, 429, 432, 433, 463, 517, 523-25, 530, 535-36, 549-50, 557, 597-99, 602-03, 609-11 See also Domestic industry; Means of production Productive forces—134-39, 327, 390, 391, 523-24 Proletariat's tactics in class struggle—120-22, 333-34, 441-42, 512 Proof— 366-68, 396 Property—132, 163-64, 182, 188, 213, 218, 241, 253, 259, 261, 266, 427, 437-39, 561, 599-600, 605, 608 —landed — 60-67, 76-79, 167-68, 213, 216, 218, 220, 224, 231, 241-42, 263, 266-67, 275, 296, 323, 342-43, 389, 390, 437-39, 498, 517, 523, 531, 602 See also Private property ; State property Prostitution—142-43, 172, 174, 175, 179, 182-83, 266 Protectionism— 521-23, 526-30, 532, 534-36 Protestantism—395-96, 554 See also Calvinism; Lutheranism Proudhonism, Proudhonists—278-80, 283-85, 289, 325, 382, 426-28, 515, 604-06 Prussia—123, 124, 305-06, 308, 309, 341-51, 358, 392, 414, 443-44, 449-50, 456, 459-60, 463-64, 466, 469-92, 494, 497-500, 504, 506-10, 532, 578, 579 See also Bourgeoisie—Prussian; Junkers, Prussian; Petty bourgeoisie— Prussian; Working class—Prussian
Q
Quality and quantity—336, 338, 340, 385
R
Race — 7, 8, 9, 140, 585 Radicalism, radicals—180, 333, 426 Railways— 323, 391, 400, 424, 499 Rate of profit— 282, 431, 432 Reality, real—140, 180, 182, 207, 302, 358-61, 364, 367-70, 373, 374, 377, 381-84, 386, 436, 439, 456, 499 Reflection—178, 208, 302, 360, 361, 364, 367, 368, 373, 374, 377, 383-84, 389, 516, 607
Reform— 323, 348-49 Reformation—186, 395-96, 554, 555, 564, 598 Reformism— 298-99, 427 Regularity— 273-74, 387 Relations of production—327 Relativity— 359-62, 384 Religion—113-15, 141, 187, 197, 208, 303, 364, 366, 374-78, 393-96, 597-99 See also Buddhism; Calvinism; Catholicism ; Christianity ; Church ; God(s); Heresy, heretics; Judaism; Lutheranism; Paganism; Pope, papacy; Protestantism Republic — 222, 271, 333 —bourgeois — 181, 271-72, 306 Revolution—121, 308-09, 317, 327, 357, 472, 481, 499, 500, 592 —bourgeois — 121, 122, 125, 126, 218, 297, 306, 309, 322-23, 348-49, 376, 390, 421, 456, 472, 546, 554-55 —lasting — 125, 126, 271 —social — 182, 404, 433, 524 See also Revolution of 1848-49 in Austria; Revolution of 1848 in France. Second Republic; Revolution of 1848-49 in Germany; Revolution of 1848-49 in Hungary; Revolutions of 1848-49 in Europe; Revolutions of 1848-49 in Italian states Revolution of 1848-49 in Austria—304, 324, 456, 466, 472 Revolution of 1848 in France. Second
Republic—121, 122, 126-28, 295-96, 302, 303, 324, 326-28, 432, 456, 460, 472, 512, 604 Revolution of 1848-49 in Germany—109,
120-28, 297, 304-07, 309, 324-26, 346, 348-49, 357, 365, 411, 419-21, 423, 430, 446-47, 456, 465, 472, 479-80, 493, 499-501, 503, 546, 578, 579, 594-96 —German Democratic Legion — 324 Revolution of 1848-49 in Hungary—127,
297, 326, 456, 462, 578 Revolutions of 1848-49 in Europe—121,
126-27, 295-97, 306, 326, 371, 456, 472, 512, 578 Revolutions of 1848-49 in Italian states—
127, 419, 456, 578 Revolution, proletarian, socialist—118, 218, 307, 328, 432-33, 436, 440-41, 455-56, 516-18, 524, 536, 546, 602, 619, 622 See also Paris Commune of 1871 Rhine Province—11, 14-15, 31-32, 123, 305, 342, 350, 456, 463-65, 469, 471-72, 480, 493, 558 Rights of man—188, 256, 271, 379-80, 503-04 Russia— 292-94, 311, 410-17, 421, 456,
459-61, 463, 466, 533, 565, 591-92 See also Community—in Russia; Slavophiles; Tsarism, autocracy in Russia Russo-Turkish war, 1877-78 — 410, 412
S
Saint-Simonism, Saint-Simonists— 5 99, 606 Saxons—14, 32, 37-39, 44, 49, 50, 59, 62, 67, 85, 97, 99, 102 Saxony— 348, 456, 470, 482 Scandinavia — 8, 13, 16-18, 36, 43, 56, 239, 565 Schleswig-Holstein—10, 35, 37-39, 243, 474, 477, 493 Science—112, 117, 275, 290, 316-19, 397, 403, 597, 600, 606-09, 612 See also Economic history; Palaeontology Scotland— 232, 235, 395, 554, 602 Scythians—8, 146 Self-consciousness— 363-64, 383, 435-36 Sensuousness— 369, 373, 377 Serbia, Serbs— 410-14 Serfdom— 72-81, 166, 239, 249, 252-55,
274, 342-50, 379, 380, 438, 493, 500, 508, 555-57, 559-61, 603 Seven Years' War, 1756-63 — 347 Shipbuilding— 39, 42, 44, 527 Silesia— 34, 342, 344, 347, 348, 428,
456, 459, 498, 509 Singular, particular and universal—120, 217-18, 264-65, 369-70, 384-88, 392, 436-38, 440-43, 615 Slavery— 36-37, 163, 220, 231, 248-49,
254, 255, 263, 267, 274, 437 Slavophiles— 413, 417 Slavs—11, 14, 196, 341, 411, 560
Socialisation of the means of production—
182-83, 426, 427, 436-39, 605 Socialism (theories and trends)—113, 278-90, 325, 375, 406, 428, 433, 518, 597-616 —Utopian — 122, 516-17, 599 —bourgeois — 427, 433, 517 —petty-bourgeois — 325, 375, 427-28,
433 —state — 283 —scientific — 118-19, 122, 307, 318-
19, 321, 322, 330, 381-84, 403-04, 406, 426, 427, 438-39, 441-42, 515-20, 599-602, 607-09 —in England — 279-81 —in Germany — 427, 442, 471-72 See also Armchair socialism; Babouvism; Blanquism, Blanquists; Fourier-ism, Fourierists; Lassalleanism, Lassalleans; League of the Just; Outlaws' League ; Owenism, Owenists ; Proudhonism, Proudhonists ; Saint-Simonism, Saint-Simonists ; Weitlingianism, Weitlingians Socialist Labor Party of North America— (from 1876)—434, 437, 439-42
Socialist movement, international (after the First International)—330, 406-07, 416-17, 425-27, 437-39, 442, 516 Social labour—262 Social relations—162, 181, 275, 287, 317, 327, 360, 381, 435-36, 559, 598 Social system— 60, 78, 118, 132, 267, 288-89, 517, 602, 607 Société des saisons (Paris, 1837)—313, 316 Society—118-19, 132, 152, 155, 157, 162, 166, 170, 174, 175, 189, 200-01, 206, 217-18, 222, 245, 256, 269-76, 300, 318, 323, 372, 391-92, 401, 404, 426, 437, 438, 547, 553, 608, 614-15 —gentile — 204, 214, 268, 517 —primitive — 16, 145, 164-65, 181-83, 203, 204, 517 —slave-holding — 149, 212-16, 219, 231, 261, 263, 267-69, 274, 393, 602 —feudal — 60, 78, 255, 343, 376, . 395, 500, 556-65, 597-98 —bourgeois — 118, 132, 178, 286, 288-89, 306, 327, 377, 380, 389-90, 396, 403, 434-36, 517, 524 See also Organisation of social labour and production; Social labour; Social relations; Social system Space and time—370 Spain — 8, 9, 11, 161, 247, 308, 555, 558, 564 Sparta—171-72, 176, 201 State property— 224, 231, 323, 426-27, 438, 579 State, the
—as superstructure — 59-62, 71-79, 318, 391-92 —and society — 132, 166, 201, 206, 213, 214, 217-18, 221, 222, 245, 267-72, 275, 318, 377, 391-93, 450, 559, 598 —and mode of production — 521-22 —origin of — 132, 201-02, 211-12, 230, 245, 263-64, 267-72, 392-93, 559-60 —and consolidation of nations — 559-
61, 564 —eastern — 59 —slave-holding — 30-31, 208-09, 213,
215, 217-22, 224, 268-71 —feudal — 59-62, 73-79, 254-55, 271,
560-63 —bourgeois — 270-72, 390-92, 598 See also Court, judicial system; Democracy, ancient (social and political system); Dictatorship of the proletariat; Police; State property Stock Exchange— 272, 296, 380, 399-400, 461 Stoicism, stoics—113, 394 Suebi (ancient Germans)—11-15, 18, 20, 32, 49-54, 196, 236, 241 Suffrage — 211, 272, 323, 407, 461, 546, 566, 569 Sugambri (ancient Germans)—18-21, 23, 26, 28, 29, 53, 55 Surplus value— 281, 282, 401, 608-14 Sweden—18, 35, 37-39, 56, 442, 554 Switzerland— 7, 124, 308, 314, 395, 418, 458, 494, 522, 525, 554, 563 System—140-42, 357, 360-65, 369, 370, 382, 385-86, 397, 470, 535-36
T
Taxes— 270, 323, 504, 557 Terrorism— 292-94 Teutonic Order—342
Teutons—10, 11, 14, 48-49, 236 Theology— 395, 597, 598 Theory and practice—114, 121, 142, 184,
188, 279-83, 288-90, 299, 312-20, 322, 359, 361, 363-64, 367-68, 371-72, 380-82, 393, 397, 404, 427, 439, 442, 455, 466, 512, 518, 584, 598, 600, 601, 605, 607 Theory of evolution— 371, 372, 385-86,
612 "Thing-in-itself" (Kant)—367 Thinking, thought—138, 187, 221, 283-85, 359-62, 364-73, 377, 383-84, 394, 397, 597, 620 Thirty Years' War, 1618-48 — Mb, 429, 451, 459, 491 Town and country— 24, 33, 36, 139, 185,
209, 217, 253, 262-65, 267, 275, 298, 309, 342, 393, 395, 424, 493, 553-57, 559, 560, 598 Trade, commerce—13, 33-40, 44, 60, 186, 213-15, 219-20, 222, 243, 248, 263, 265-67, 399, 456-57, 522-24, 527-35, 547-48, 557 Trade unions in England—298, 515, 543-44, 626 Trade unions, trade union movement—
298, 325 See also Trade unions in England Transport — 212, 323, 524-25 Tribe(s)— 8-11, 13-18, 46-57, 139-41,
142, 152, 156, 165, 185, 196-204, 208-12, 223, 224, 228, 232, 256, 259, 263, 269 Truck system—400, 402 "True socialism"—320, 365 Trusts and rings— 531, 533, 549-50 Truth— 283, 301, 359-62, 384, 404, 480 Tsarism, autocracy in Russia—414-15 Turkey—410-12, 415
U
Unevenness of capitalist development—
288, 401, 533-35 United Labor Party (USA)—435-37 United States of America, the—270-72, 308, 402-03, 434-37, 439, 525-27, 529-30, 533-34, 581-82, 602 See also New York; Trusts and rings; Working-class and socialist movement— in the USA Usury, usurers— 215, 219, 248, 266, 274, 432, 558
V
Value— 279-84, 286, 288, 429-30, 605,
609-10 Vienna Congress of 1814-15—410, 455, 459 Vindili—17, 47
W
Wage labour—183, 271, 274, 289, 536, 600, 603 Wales— 232-33, 235 War of Austrian Succession, 1740-48— 459-60, 469 War of Bavarian Succession, 1778-79— 458 War (s)—496 —between tribes — 198, 203, 212, 256 —in slave-holding society — 30, 37,
261, 264 —in feudal society — 67, 555, 556,
569-62, 565 —in capitalist society — 307, 443-44,
450-51, 580 —and revolution — 415-17, 456, 592 See also Austro-Italo-French war, 1859; Austro-Prussian war, 1866; Crimean war, 1853-56; Danish-Prussian war, 1848-50; Danish war, 1864; Franco-Prussian war, 1870-71; Hundred Years' War, 1337-1453; Italian wars, 1494-1559; Military art; Napoleonic wars; Peasant war in Germany, 1524-25; Seven Years' War, 1756-63; Thirty Years' War, 1618-48; War of Austrian Succession, 1740-48; War of Bavarian Succession, 1778-79; Wars of the First French Republic (late 18th-early 19th cent.) Wars of the First French Republic (late 18th-early 19th cent.)—462, 492, 493 Wealth—132, 139, 262-63, 267-68, 275, 337, 536 Weitlingianism, Weitlingians—279, 315, 316, 317, 319-20, 326, 517
Westphalia— 32, 97, 428, 469 Will—187, 264, 275, 333-34, 373, 387, 391, 476, 478, 480 Workers' aristocracy—299-301, 403, 626 Workers' Party of France— 333-34, 407,
415-17 Working class—118, 121, 272, 317, 319,
322, 329, 330, 365, 390, 401, 404, 424-25, 432-33, 435, 438, 440, 456, 500, 515-18, 535, 536, 550, 599-600, 602 —in Britain — 296-301, 389, 400, 626 —in France — 122, 125, 271, 303, 389, 456, 472, 512 —in Germany — 121-22, 305-06, 317-18, 329-30, 407, 428, 431-32, 472, 476, 500, 502, 539, 541 —in Italy^-463 —in Prussia — 305 —in the USA — 402-03, 434-37, 439-40 Working-class and socialist movement— 120, 128, 313, 316, 318, 321-22, 391, 404, 406, 425, 435-37, 439-41, 455-56, 512, 515, 517, 599-600 —in Austria — 543 —in Belgium — 426, 442 —in Britain — 299, 432, 545, 626 —in Denmark — 442 —in France — 303, 313, 316, 409, 442,
546 —in Germany — 122, 305-06, 312, 314, 315, 317, 319, 325, 328-30, 397-98, 407, 418, 428, 432, 472, 476, 499, 502, 539-41, 546, 580 —in Holland — 442 —in Hungary — 543 —in Ireland — 626 —in Italy — 426 —in Portugal — 442 —in Spain — 442, 544 —in Sweden — 442 —in Switzerland — 314, 320, 442 —in the USA — 402-03, 434-41 See also Chartism, Chartist movement; Communist League; German Social-Democracy; German Workers' Society in Brussels (from 1847); Ideological struggle in the working-class movement; International Working Men's Association (First International); Knights of Labor (USA); League of the Just; Paris Commune of 1871; Possibilist Paris Congress (1889); Socialist Labor Party of North America (from 1876); Société des saisons (Paris, 1837); United Labor Party (USA); Workers' Party of France World (philos.)—366-70, 374, 377, 381 World market— 296, 300, 429-31, 457, 522-34, 536
World outlook— 328, 369, 383, 475, 519-
20, 597-98, 607 See also Idealism; Materialism Writing—40, 43
Y
Young Hegelianism— 3 63 -64