Subject Index

A

Agricultural labourers—48, 57, 148-49, 422 Agriculture— 58, 131-36, 148, 384, 389, 422, 424 Alsace—155, 221, 601, 603, 607, 620 America— 607, 609 Anarchism, anarchists—121, 264-65, 267, 268, 288, 332, 392-94, 425, 446, 466-69, 470, 476, 497, 525-26, 559-60, 581-82, 588-91, 597 See also Bakuninism, Bakuninists; International alliance of anarchists; Sectarianism Anti-communism—160-61, 224-25, 445 Army— 66, 363, 402-04, 419-20, 592-93, 60i; 603, 612, 617-18, 620-24, 626 Australia—324 Austria— 80, 161, 223, 601-03, 604, 610, 619 Austria-Hungary (from 1867)—-35, 223-25, 365 Austro-Italo-French war, 1859—162, 402, 604, 607 Austro-Prussian war, 1866—402, 617, 624 Authority— 67', 95-96, 110, 206, 233-36, 255, 274, 279-82, 310, 422-25, 472-76, 500-01, 508-10, 525, 543-44, 554

B

Bakuninism, Bakuninists—61, 66, 67, 85, 86, 88-90, 92-93, 107-08, 114-15,

121, 205, 231-32, 264-65, 268, 275, 281, 369, 393, 394, 457, 458, 460-62, 465-70, 471-75, 480, 490, 492-93, 497, 503-04, 506-07, 518-20, 523-24, 526, 544-49, 553-60, 572-80 — theoretical views — 61, 89, 107-08, 114-15, 121, 205, 230, 288, 369, 458, 461, 466-71, 472, 473, 478, 480, 490, 517-26, 535-36, 542-56, 559-60, 562-67, 572-74, 579-80, 596-97, 630 — views on the state — 93, 288, 392-93, 425, 466-70, 476, 497, 505, 509, 519-21, 544, 545, 547-48, 554, 559-60, 572-76, 578-79, 581-83, 585, 589, 597 — abstention from political action by the proletariat — 209, 233, 254, 274, 288, 392-94, 397, 462, 474, 478, 483, 497, 509, 540, 555, 568, 578, 582, 584-85, 596-97 — federalist ideas, negation of authority — 66, 67, 92, 94-95, 97-98, 105, 114-16, 206, 208-10, 216, 233-36, 267-68, 274, 279-82, 288, 310, 394, 414, 422-25, 450, 460, 465-69, 473, 475-76, 480-84, 489, 493, 496-97, 500-03, 505-07, 510-11, 513-14, 524, 525, 528, 543-55, 566, 573-76, 578-81, 590-92, 595-97 — on revolution — 233, 466-70, 472, 476, 481, 518-27, 540, 544-51, 553, 555, 563-64, 568, 572-77, 582, 584, 586-87, 590-92, 595, 597, 598 — orientation on lumpenprolet-ariat — 555, 595 — ideas of a future society — 66-68, 115, 394, 468-70, 482, 490, 521, 524, 542-43, 547-48, 552, 554, 572, 575-76 — attitude to the working class and its movement — 114, 168, 231, 233, 279, 392-94, 460-61, 467, 469-70, 481, 488, 541-44, 555, 572, 575-79, 581, 582 — and general strike — 584-86, 591 — and the nationalities question— 85, 95, 517-18, 559-60, 566, 578 — attitude to scientific communism — 502, 519-21, 544 — attitude to various socialist and communist trends — 121, 492, 524, 551, 565-66, 574, 577, 630 — disorganising activity in the working-class movement — 32, 66-68, 79, 84-122, 168, 188, 205-12, 215, 216, 217, 228-38, 247-50, 254, 260-65, 267-69, 272, 274-75, 279-82, 286-92, 294, 299-300, 302, 312, 408, 439-46, 456-598 — and the Paris Commune — 95, 477, 496, 509 — revolutionary phrase-mongering, adventurism and voluntarism— 92, 107-08, 207, 264, 267-69, 281, 465-68, 475-77, 480, 498, 505, 526, 581-98 — and Nechayevism — 23, 89, 463, 515-19, 524, 526-41, 549, 552-55, 557 — blocs with reformists — 118-19, 484, 513-14 See also Anarchism, anarchists; International alliance of anarchists; International Alliance of Socialist Democracy; International Working Men's Association (First International) Basle Congress of the International Working Men's Association, 1869—18, 19, 24, 40, 57, 66-67, 93-96, 102, 112, 125, 188, 233-34, 267, 307, 312, 477, 642 Bavaria—428 Belgium— 83, 620 Blanquism, Blanquists—265, 284, 370, 439-41 Bonapartism— 319, 354, 363-65, 417, 627-28

Border tariffs— 420 Bourgeois political economy—321-22, 331-33, 394-97 See also Vulgar bourgeois political economy Bourgeoisie— 3, 106, 243, 264, 274, 325,

337, 339-40, 362, 376, 395, 400-01, 417, 419, 628 Bourgeoisie, Danish—57 Bourgeoisie, English—149, 186, 284, 349, 351, 612, 614-15, 616 Bourgeoisie, French—177, 363, 401, 405 Bourgeoisie, German— 49, 223, 338, 357,

362-63, 426-31, 436, 628, 629 Bourgeoisie, Italian—28 Bourgeoisie, Prussian—363-64, 400-05, 617-19, 626-28 Bourgeoisie, Spanish—29, 418-20 Brussels Congress of the International Working Men's Association, 1868—16, 19, 61, 85, 87, 101, 112, 135, 141, 460, 479 Bureaucracy— 255, 363, 364, 403

C

Capital— 34-35, 331-32, 342, 343, 345,

385-87, 390 Capitalism—331

See also Capitalist mode of production ; Society, bourgeois Capitalist— 49, 204, 318-20, 337, 343,

346, 348, 362, 396, 422-23, 426-27, 616 Capitalist mode of production—132, 136,

318, 323, 327, 338, 350, 360, 368, 383-87, 389-91 Catalonia— 419-20 Catholicism— 608 Centralisation of the state—599-600 Chartism, Chartist movement—106-07, 155, 306, 372, 481, 584, 613-14 Chauvinism—116, 155-56, 402, 519, 629, 631 Chemistry—107, 322, 381-82, 384, 394,

519 Child labour— 392, 394, 497 China—35 Christianity— 67, 255, 397, 484, 608 Civil rights— 3-4, 44, 48, 435 Class(es)—S, 66, 88, 106-07, 121, 128, 131, 135, 138, 140, 154, 158-59, 166, 193-95, 201, 226, 243, 246, 273, 317, 318, 323-28, 339-40, 361-64, 370, 372, 375, 377, 384, 394, 417-21, 467, 470, 471, 585, 604, 613 Class struggle — 3, 55, 106, 233, 243, 274, 419, 481, 631 See also Economic struggle of workers; Political struggle; Revolution, proletarian, socialist; Tactics of the proletarian class struggle; War, civil; Working-class movement Clergy, the— 28, 46, 48, 58, 645 Coalitions, workers'—352, 394-96 Cologne Communist trial—75, 161 Commodity, commodity production—320, 322, 374 Commune—388, 558 Communism—3, 4, 35, 54, 55, 66-68, 88, 106, 121, 126, 128, 131-36, 175, 201, 221, 226-27, 243, 246, 255-56, 264, 274, 317, 318, 323-27, 330, 336, 341, 347-49, 368, 370, 372, 377, 383-91, 393-94, 407, 422-26, 467, 471, 542-44, 581-82 — transitional period from capitalism to communism (socialism)— 330, 348, 370, 386, 389, 393 See also Dictatorship of the proletariat;

Revolution, proletarian, socialist Communism (theories and trends)— 543-44, 639 Communism, Icarian—106, 481 Communism, scientific—317, 368, 370, 377, 389, 391 See also Marxism Communist League—75, 161, 174-75 Communists, communist movement—8, 175 Competition— 396 Compromise (in politics)—392, 619 Concept(ion)— 190, 380-81 Confederation of the Rhine, the—602, 603 Connection (between different facts)—

55, 106, 322, 332, 384, 390, 600 Conquest—131, 283, 599-600 Consciousness—364, 394 Conservative Party (Britain)—611 Conspiracy— 265, 267, 420, 439, 441,

458 Constitutions, bourgeois—49, 402, 417 Consumption— 320, 324-26, 374, 543

Contradiction, antagonism—12, 25-27, 47, 87-88, 96, 98, 125, 135, 146-47, 151-52, 184, 212, 220, 257, 273-74, 321, 326, 339, 383, 395, 471, 481, 494 Control over production—422-25 Corruption— 360, 363-64, 417 Counter-revolution—128, 223-25, 420, 588 Court, legal system—64, 609 Crafts, craftsmen— 323, 329, 340, 419, 422 Criticism— 88, 106, 197, 368, 371, 391, 394, 481, 526, 548, 604, 608 Culture— 325, 400 Customs Union (1834-37)—35

D

Danish war, 1864 — 402, 617, 619 Democracy, democratic movement, bourgeois— 43, 48, 96-97, 294, 418 See also Constitutions, bourgeois; Suffrage Denmark—601 Despotism—120, 219, 403

See also Bonapartism Development— 58, 88, 106, 131-32, 175,

324, 377, 380-81, 396, 419, 424, 452, 481, 582, 608, 627-29 Dictatorship, bourgeois— 222-23, 393 Dictatorship of the proletariat—55, 106,

121, 128, 136, 175, 201, 226, 243, 255, 256, 264, 274, 330, 370-72, 386, 393, 407, 425 See also Communism; Paris Commune

of 1871; Party, proletarian; Revolution, proletarian, socialist Diplomacy— 255 Discipline—67', 422-25, 451, 501, 519-

20, 554, 572-73, 579, 589 Discussions in working-class movement—

88, 107-08, 272, 470, 482 Diseases (as social phenomenon)—337,

343, 361 Distribution— 318, 326-27, 389 Division of labour— 325, 381, 393 Dogmatism, doctrinairism—91, 119, 281,

371, 393-94, 458, 484, 602 E

Economic crises—35, 340-41 Economic relations— 320-21, 373, 377-

81, 422 Economic struggle of workers—3, 54-55,

106, 201, 243, 264, 274, 393-95, 397, 426-36, 555, 631 Economics and the state—54-55, 106, 243, 264 Education, training—14, 144, 392, 419, 607-08, 610, 621 Emigration

— of Paris communards — 80, 83, 94, 101, 102, 223, 225, 265, 283, 442, 591, 635 — French — 260, 265, 637-38, 642-43 — German — 116, 178, 429, 607, 609-10, 637, 642-43, 645 — Irish — 638 — Italian — 44, 435 — Russian — 517, 519, 522 Ends and means—3, 4, 54-55, 88, 105,

106, 121-22, 126, 136, 201, 243, 255, 256, 264, 274, 467 Engels, Frederick— 74-75, 155, 174, 368 England (Great Britain)—34, 35, 195, 294, 298, 299, 359-61, 401, 407, 611-13, 615-16 — Wars of Red and White Roses— 599 — industry — 34, 35, 185-86, 360, 396, 602, 613 — towns — 337, 352, 355, 360, 362 — legislation — 50, 51, 294-95, 360-62, 611-12 — suffrage, Reform Bills of 1832 and 1867 — 361, 611-15 — bourgeois-republican movement— 157, 484 — possibility of a peaceful proletarian revolution — 255 — colonial policy in Ireland — 154-56, 295, 612 — and France — 154 Enlightenment, Enlighteners, the—603, 608 Equality — 3, 88, 418-19 Estates— 600, 604 Exchange— 320-22, 324-25, 380 Exploitation— 57, 201, 264, 317-18, 323,

327, 331, 333, 336, 345, 348, 429 Expropriation— 58, 330, 348, 390

F

Factory, factory system—324, 426, 430 Factory legislation—144 Family and marriage—135, 347, 352, 360-61 Federalism— 590-92, 595 Female labour— 394, 497 Fenians— 294-96, 449, 616 Feudalism— 403, 404, 599-600, 602-08, 627-28 See also Guilds; Serfdom; State, feudal Foreign policy—116, 220-21, 283-85 See also Diplomacy; International relations Foreign trade—600-02 Fourierism, Fourierists—106-07, 347-48, 394, 481, 630 France— 400, 599-601, 607-09, 620

— July monarchy — 417 — Second Empire — 96, 106, 219-21, 402, 417 — Revolution of September 4, 1870, the Lyons uprising — 93, 476, 504-05 — Third Republic — 122, 222, 224, 400, 417-19, 482-83, 622-23 — industry, transport, agriculture— 132-35, 353, 388-89 — foreign policy — 154, 402, 601, 603-09 Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71—43, 44, 83, 92-93, 100, 116, 158, 219-23, 262, 305, 365, 402, 604, 619, 624, 629 Freedom— 49, 222, 294-96, 344, 417, 581-82, 603, 639 Freemasonry—472, 487 French Revolution of 1789-94 — 277, 377, 381, 400, 417, 603 Funds, social—325-26

G

General Association of German Workers— 75, 107, 119, 442, 444-45, 451, 481, 484, 587 Geneva Congress of the International Working Men's Association, 1866—13, 15-19, 86, 100-01, 110, 310 Geneva Congress of the International Working Men's Association, 1873— 253, 263, 266-67, 269, 308, 312, 581, 584 German Conservative Party—403 German Empire (from 1871)—49, 363,

618, 621-22, 626 — economy — 426-34, 629 — political system — 49, 362-65, 618 — home policy — 400, 403-05, 627-28 — and annexation of Alsace and Lorraine — 619-20 — and prospects of a European war — 604, 620-21, 625 — prospects of the revolution — 622 — participation in Poland's oppression — 627 — and France — 625 — and Russia — 225, 625 German Peasant War — 592, 599-600 German philosophy— 600, 602-03, 610,

630 German Social-Democracy—48-49, 66, 92, 101, 116, 221-24, 372, 389, 415, 619, 629-31, 645 Germans, ancient—405 Germany— 401, 599-604, 617, 626-28, 630 — fragmentation of the country and tasks of its unification — 599-601 — economy — 35, 344, 351-53, 363, 388-89, 403, 599-603, 607-10, 628, 629 — classes, estates, social development — 361, 363, 364, 600-02, 609, 622, 627-28 — taxes — 602, 628 — political system — 363, 599-602 — cultural development, science, education — 452, 601-03, 607-10, 630 — press, censorship — 160, 161, 221, 286 — religion and the church — 600-01, 608 — oppression of other peoples— 599-600 — and foreign policy — 161, 599-601, 607, 608 Greece— 381, 566 Ground rent— 321, 327, 386-87

Guilds— 382, 401

H

The Hague Congress of the International Working Men's Association, 1872— 119, 170-71, 176, 188, 208-10, 212, 215, 219-27, 240-56, 260-62, 265, 267-75, 277-84, 287, 291, 300, 302, 304-05, 310-11, 432, 443, 483, 487, 494-96, 507-11, 556 — struggle against Bakuninism— 176, 188, 228-38, 249-50, 257, 264, 265, 267-69, 274-75, 286-87, 290-91, 302, 445, 454, 457-59, 483-85, 487, 511, 543-44, 580 — struggle against reformists — 265, 266, 448 — and Blanquists — 265, 266, 284, 439-41 — its decisions — 243-58, 263-67, 269-70, 272-76, 283-84, 291, 305-07, 311-12, 407, 450 — approvement of its decisions by local organisations — 291, 299-300, 304, 308, 312-13, 407-08, 409-10, 426, 440-41, 513-14 — actions of Bakuninists and reformists against decisions of the Congress — 188, 189, 291-92, 307-12, 406-08, 414, 415, 440, 448-50, 508-12 Historical approach— 321, 381, 608 Historical materialism—379 See also Class(es); Class struggle; Consciousness; Economics and the state; Production; Productive forces; Relations of production History—131, 175, 323-24, 329, 379, 418, 419, 608, 626 Holy Roman Empire of the German nation (962-1806)—600, 603 Housing question, the — 204, 317-24, 326-68, 371-79, 382-83, 385-91 Huguenots, Huguenot wars—608 Humanitarian goal of the socialist transformation of society—136 Hungary—566

I

Ideal, idealisation— 329, 349, 391, 417,

590 Ideas— 88, 107, 115, 224, 256, 322,

380, 458, 470, 492, 516, 526, 603 Ideology, bourgeois—331, 376 Impoverishment of the working class—191 See also Industrial reserve army of labour; Pauperism; Workers' labour and living conditions under capitalism Industrial reserve army of labour—98, 340-41 Industrial revolution—323 Industry—135-36, 175, 319, 323-26, 329, 353, 360, 362, 369, 373, 384, 389, 419, 422-24 Inquisition—223 Instruments of production—339-40, 386 Interests

— as economic relations — 379 — and production — 132 — and state — 295, 363, 425, 626, 628 — and law — 132, 363-64 — and social development — 377 — common — 137, 299 — private — 132 — individual — 341 — of society — 363, 425 — of estates — 600 — class — 295, 363 — of landowners — 626 — of bourgeoisie, capital — 295, 336-37, 343, 346, 363-64, 395, 628 — of petty bourgeoisie — 336-37, 372-73 — of proletariat— 372-73, 411, 454 — in communist society—425 International alliance of anarchists—217,

299, 309-10, 408, 410-12, 415, 440-41, 450-51, 496, 503, 508-15, 555-56, 585, 588-89 International Alliance of Socialist Democracy— 32, 79, 85-97, 102-08, 111-17, 119-22, 176, 205-13, 228-38, 247, 249-50, 261, 267-69, 278-80, 286-90, 302, 437-41, 442, 444-45, 448, 451, 454-580, 583, 586-88 — secret — 206-12, 215, 229-38, 249-50, 257, 261, 267-68, 274-75, 281, 283, 287-92, 299-300, 302, 412-13, 442, 445, 448, 457-70, 472-74,480, 481, 486-88, 494-95, 499, 505-06, 509, 519-21, 525, 527, 530, 532, 536, 548, 554-55, 567-77, 581, 585, 596 International relations—608

International solidarity of workers—3-8,46, 80, 94, 107, 110, 112, 116, 198, 201, 220-21, 226, 255-56, 262, 264, 266, 283, 303, 305, 310, 411, 430-32, 435-36, 482, 554, 635 See also International Working Men's Association (First International); Internationalism, proletarian ; Parts Commune of 1871 International Working Men's Association (First International)—88, 106-07, 226, 255, 275, 283, 454, 457, 482, 554-56 — foundation of and first programme documents — 3-20, 22, 54, 87-88, 96, 105-07, 141, 146, 162,207,232, 243, 254, 257, 274-75, 280, 311, 407, 454 — struggle for class character of Association — 74-86, 108-09, 110-

11, 114-15, 118-19, 126, 137-38 — struggle for international solidarity — 3-4, 7, 64, 66-67, 88, 109, 198, 201, 226, 256, 262, 266, 267, 283-84, 454, 469-70, 482, 554 — economic and political struggle of the working class — 3-4, 54-55, 57, 65-66, 87-88, 105-07, 126, 141, 178, 198, 201, 226, 243, 254-55, 257-58, 273-75, 407, 449, 477 — socialist principles in its programme — 131-36, 449 — demand for the creation of the proletarian party in individual countries — 57, 106, 201, 243, 264, 274, 306 — and Paris Commune — 29, 46, 64, 68-69, 93-94, 102, 116, 128, 141-43, 158, 223, 225, 283, 288, 370, 477, 496 — struggle against Lassalleans — 119, 439-45 — struggle against Mazzinists — 60-61, 480, 499 — struggle against Proudhonism— 12, 370-71, 481 — struggle against reformism — 80, 260-65, 306, 446, 448, 449 — struggle against Bakuninists — 53, 61, 64-70, 79, 84-96, 102-22, 176, 188-89, 205-12, 215, 228-38, 247-48, 267-69, 277-82, 286-87, 301-02, 415, 437, 438, 467, 470, 509-13, 544-49, 557-71 — and Blanquists — 265, 284, 370, 439-40 — and League of Peace and Freedom — 61, 85, 87, 460-62 — organisational principles — 3-4, 7-11, 14, 22, 24-27, 38-41, 65-67, 83, 84, 86-88, 98-100, 102-05, 109-13, 124-25, 137, 146-47, 158, 170, 173, 198, 201-03, 216, 244-47, 260, 261, 264, 265, 272-74, 276-78, 280-81, 283, 291-92, 305-07, 310, 312, 313, 482 — General Rules and Administrative Regulations — 3-20, 24-27, 40, 83, 84, 86-88, 90, 98-103, 105-11, 114, 124-26, 146-47, 154, 158, 170, 173, 184, 198-204, 211, 212, 214, 216, 217, 232, 243-45, 260-61, 263, 264, 268, 269, 272, 273, 276, 280, 281, 299, 305, 310-13, 437-38,440, 447, 454, 482, 493, 496, 512 — General Council — 4, 7, 9-11, 24-26, 31, 37, 38, 40-41, 61, 65-68, 83, 86, 88-93, 95-97, 99-100, 104, 105, 108-14, 158, 170, 176, 180-81,198, 201, 202-04, 206, 216, 218, 234, 240, 244-45, 248, 255-56, 260-63, 265, 267-69, 271-75, 284, 296, 302-03, 306-07, 311, 312, 448, 471-73, 475-77, 480, 495, 554-55, 556, 638, 639, 642-44, 645 — Sub-Committee — 176, 211-13 — General Council in New York— 240, 249-50, 256, 257, 265, 267, 269, 273, 283, 291, 292, 299, 306-07, 311-12, 398, 399, 408,409, 414-16, 447, 448, 450, 509, 511-12 — local organisations — 7, 8, 12-16, 19, 25-26, 94, 103-04, 111-13, 124-26, 137, 154, 181, 201-04, 209, 261, 263, 269, 272-73, 305, 307, 310, 312 — membership, money resources — 7,

8, 11, 22, 25, 39, 52, 98, 108, 125-26, 181, 202-03, 206, 211, 232, 244-45 — its press — 104, 141, 408, 438, 499, 523-24 — role played by Marx and Engels— 19, 22, 43-53, 55, 57-58, 60-61, 74-75, 122, 129-30, 137-39, 145-47,

159, 176, 184, 187, 211-13, 215, 217, 259, 265, 284, 285, 288-93,

302-03, 398, 409-16, 437-38, 440, 448, 644-45 — and bourgeois press — 31-32, 48, 62, 74-75, 80, 84, 127, 158-59, 312, 477, 482 — and ruling classes, police persecution — 21, 28, 32, 62-64, 74, 77-78, 80-84, 103, 111, 114, 128, 129, 137-38, 140, 142-44, 149-52, 170, 177, 203, 219-21, 223, 225-26, 255, 283, 288, 312, 409, 412, 415, 437, 439, 442-44, 480, 487, 489, 491, 497, 507-08, 554, 645 See also Basle Congress-, 1869; Brussels Congress, 1868; Geneva Congress, 1866; Geneva Congress, 1873; The Hague Congress, 1872; International Working Men's Association (in different countries); Lausanne Congress, 1867; London Conference, 1865; London Conference, 1871; Mainz (Mayence) Congress International Working Men's Association and revolutionary movement in Poland— 155, 260, 262, 263, 271, 275,307,312, 407 International Working Men's Association and Russia— 77, 89, 122, 145, 159, 213, 458-59, 463, 485, 515-54 International Working Men's Association in Argentina— 226 International Working Men's Association in Australia— 84, 260, 262, 271, 275 International Working Men's Association in Austria— 83, 111, 137, 151-52, 223, 224, 260, 263, 307, 312, 407-08, 415, 514 International Working Men's Association in Belgium— 26, 41, 85, 99, 103, 119, 260, 266, 273, 275, 441, 483, 512, 513, 644-45 International Working Men's Association in Denmark— 57-59, 224, 226, 260, 262, 271, 275, 312, 389, 407, 408 International Working Men's Association in England— 25-26, 84, 95-100, 116, 118, 130, 154-57, 265-66, 285, 301-14, 406, 410-12, 414, 438, 441, 448-49, 512, 513 International Working Men's Association in France—19, 26, 59, 64, 79-80, 83, 91-93, 95-98, 99, 102, 111-12, 129-30, 137, 221, 223, 260, 262, 264-66, 275, 283, 307, 312, 370, 399, 407, 412, 439-45, 472, 481, 504-07, 513 International Working Men's Association in Germany— 50, 59, 92, 100-01, 112, 116, 129-30, 221-22, 275, 307, 407, 411, 415 International Working Men's Association in Holland— 59, 130, 226, 260, 262, 269, 271, 275, 299, 308, 312, 408, 513 International Working Men's Association in Hungary—19, 137, 223, 224, 260, 262, 263, 275, 307, 312,407,408,432, 514, International Working Men's Association in India — 84 International Working Men's Association in Ireland—130, 154-56, 225-26, 260, 262, 263, 275, 294 International Working Men's Association in Italy— 43, 45, 83, 111, 146-47, 184, 260, 275, 276, 283, 293, 312, 408, 409, 414, 437, 438, 440, 447, 497-99, 504, 512 International Working Men's Association in New Zealand—226 International Working Men's Association in Portugal — 226, 260, 262, 263, 266, 275, 285, 287, 303, 307, 312,407, 408, 410, 412, 415, 438, 487 International Working Men's Association in

Spain — 26, 54, 99, 129-30, 137-38, 207-08, 215, 234-37, 247-48, 260-62, 267-69, 271-72, 281, 288-92, 299-300, 308, 312, 408-13, 415, 417-18, 426-28, 438, 441, 459, 486-87, 490-96, 510-13, 581-98 International Working Men's Association in Sweden—266 International Working Men's Association in Switzerland— 55, 68-70, 77, 80, 89-94, 100-05, 108, 118, 122, 130, 188, 189, 225, 247, 260-62; 275, 307, 312, 407, 415, 427, 449-50, 472-76, 478, 479, 483, 485, 489, 514, 540, 584-85, 645 International Working Men's Association in the USA— 84, 112, 124-26, 130, 177-83, 226, 240, 246, 260-62, 265, 266, 269, 272, 275, 280, 307, 312,407, 408, 429, 513, 636-43, 645 Internationalism, proletarian—3-4, 46, 116, 154-56, 198, 201, 256, 283-84, 295-96, 631, 632

See also International solidarity of workers Ireland—154, 155, 295, 449, 612, 613, 616 See also Fenians; Working-class movement, Irish Italy— 43-48, 162, 294, 402, 451, 566, 599-600, 609

J

Jesuits— 459, 470, 545, 553, 554 Jews—604 Joint-stock societies—333, 351, 364 Journalism, journalists—104, 499

See also Press, the Junkers, Prussian— 363, 364, 381, 382,

400-01, 403-04, 626-28 Jurisprudence— 375-76

K

Kingdom of Sardinia (Piedmont)—43

L

Labour—135-36, 221, 226, 255, 324-26 Labour aristocracy—284, 357, 613-15 Labour power— 318, 320, 327, 339, 345 Land and Labour League (England)—157 Landed property— 57, 131-35, 318, 321,

344, 386-89, 419, 423 Language— 601-02, 607 Lassalleanism, Lassalleans—75, 107, 119,

144, 380, 444-45, 481-82, 484 See also General Association of German

Workers Lausanne Congress of the International Working Men's Association, 1867—55, 105, 311 Law(s)

— of nature — 322 — of society — 341, 347 — economic — 35, 320-22, 332, 374-75, 377, 378 Lawyers— 49, 131, 380-81 League of Peace and Freedom—61, 85, 87,

95, 460-62, 464, 477, 482, 496 Lease, farmer—149, 376 Legislation—131, 132, 332, 380-81, 628 See also Factory legislation Liberal Party (England) —294, 306, 361, 612-15 Liberalism— 45, 49, 284, 401, 460 Literature— 72, 167, 338, 522, 602-07, 610 Logic— 326, 383 Lombardy—44 London— 353-54, 358-59, 375, 384 London Conference of the International Working Men's Association, 1865—83 London Conference of the International Working Men's Association, 1871—14-16, 18, 19, 23, 25-26, 32, 37, 38, 55, 59, 80-84, 93, 100-08, 118, 121, 126, 130, 181, 206-07, 232-34, 243, 254, 257, 264, 267, 273, 289-90, 306-06, 311, 407, 477-82, 485, 490 Lorraine—221, 603, 607, 620 Lumpenproletariat—454, 555, 595

M

Machinery—131-32, 324-25, 340-41, 422-24 Mainz (Mayence) Congress—80-83, 158,

170, 644-45 Malthusianism— 380 Man, humanity—128, 136, 324-25, 378, 380, 381, 384, 423, 543, 603 Manchester— 366 Marx, Karl (biographical data)—62, 71-73, 161-62, 259, 283-84 — as a scientist — 265 — Engels on Marx's role — 391 Marxism—174-75, 317, 370, 389, 391, 630-31 Mazzinism, Mazzinists—43-48, 497, 499-500 Means of communication—384, 420 See also Railways Means of labour—126, 368 Means of production—136, 326, 368, 386,

423, 449 See also Instruments of production; Means of labour Means of subsistence— 340, 346, 429, 639 Middle Ages, the— 418, 608-09 Militarism— 48-49, 401, 419-20 Mind—145, 197, 226, 325, 592, 631 Mode of production—136, 327, 347-48, 368, 373, 384-85, 389

Monarchy— 363-64, 417-19, 599-600, 608, 627 Monasteries— 608 Monopolies—3, 48 Morals— 4, 25, 98, 223, 232, 255, 291,

341, 347, 495, 524-25, 544-53, 555, 626-27 Mortgages— 344

See also Usury Music— 602-03

N

Napoleonic wars— 420, 602-04, 621-24 Nation, nationality—116, 154-55, 198, 203, 305-06, 599, 607-08 National Liberab, Germany—618-19, 621 National movement—154-55 National question—154-56, 227, 600

See also Fenians; Ireland; National movement; Polish question National Reform League—313 Nationalisation of land—57-58, 131-136,

386-87, 389, 449 Nationalism—154-56, 607-08 See also Chauvinism Natural science—337, 608 Nature— 384, 423 Navigation— 599 Necessity and chance—132, 324, 338, 340-41, 363, 402 Needs— 66, 107, 132, 170, 264, 355, 358,

370, 380, 393, 482, 613 Netherlands, the—608-10 Neutrality— 418, 620 New York— 240, 260, 261, 265, 266, 429,

434-35, 638-38, 641 Nobility, landowners—149, 177,363,393,

400, 419, 600, 602 612, 628 North German Confederation (1867-71)—

221, 403, 618, 627

O

Owenism, Owenites—106-07, 347-48, 394, 481, 630-31

P

Pan-Slavism—85, 558-60 Papacy— 45, 600 Papal States (Roman State)—225, 600 Parcel, parcelling—132, 135 Paris Commune of 1871—44, 46, 48, 80-83, 94, 128, 142-43, 175, 219, 225, 256, 370, 425, 451, 468, 477, 504, 591, 593, 631, 635 Parliament— 48, 411, 583 Parliament, British—145, 197, 360, 612-16 Party of Progress, Germany—617 Party, political—48, 372, 425 Party, proletarian — 4, 7, 12, 24, 52, 57-58, 66-67, 88, 105-08, 119, 125-26, 136, 174-75, 201, 222-23, 243, 255, 264-65, 274-75, 281-83, 305-08, 372, 424-25, 449, 459, 470, 490, 614, 629-31 See also Communists, communist movement; Communist League Pauperism— 380 Peace as the most important demand of the working-class movement—220-21 Peasantry— 48, 57-59, 132-35, 148-49, 344, 362, 373, 376, 384, 389, 400,401, 403, 419, 520-21, 602 People, popular masses—401, 420 Petty bourgeoisie — 318-19, 336, 372-73 Philanthropy—110, 338, 343, 349, 350, 352, 354, 357, 383, 394 Philistinism—525, 597 Philosophy—131, 379-80, 600-03, 608, 630 See also German philosophy; Marxism Phoenicia—608 Plebeians, plebs—405 Police, the— 255, 393, 400, 401, 435, 516, 518, 628 Policy, politics— 201, 255, 264, 371-72, 379, 418-19, 425, 601, 629 Polish question—560 Political struggle— 3, 54-55, 89, 105-08, 120, 198, 201, 209, 234, 243, 254-55, 264, 273-74, 290, 343, 370, 372, 392-97, 419, 477-78, 482, 555, 582-85, 631 Population—131-32, 380, 384-85 Portugal—599 Positivism—96 Press, the—101, 158-59, 222, 226, 312, 429, 432, 442, 484, 645 Prevision, prediction—384-91 Private property—132, 323, 382, 386 Product of labour, of production process— 324-26

Production— 35, 132, 135-36, 322, 326,

332, 380, 384 Productive forces— 325-26, 377 Productivity of labour—324 Profit— 331, 429 Progress—135, 377, 418-19, 602 Propaganda— 80, 106, 112, 137-38, 265,

289, 470, 555, 631 Property—135, 328, 339, 368, 389

See also Private property; Public property Prostitution— 609 Protestantism—601, 608 Proudhonism, Proudhonists—317, 319-37,

341, 343, 346, 368-91, 394, 351, 630 Prussia— 352, 363-64, 401-03, 601-03,

604, 607, 617-18, 621-22, 626-28 — after the foundation of the German Empire — 400,403-05, 627-29 — industry, commerce and agriculture — 363-64, 401, 403-04, 627-29 — political system — 363-64, 401-03, 419, 627 — Constitution, constitutional question, the — 401-04, 617-18 — legislation, law — 364, 609 — foreign policy — 161, 221, 402, 418, 602-04, 607, 624, 626 Public opinion—46, 149, 608 Public property—135, 388 Publicity—459

R

Race—121, 637 Radicalism, radicals—48, 266, 284, 482, 614, 639 Railways— 422, 424 Rate of profit— 332 Rate of surplus value—332 Red flag— 449 Reform, reformers (bourgeois)—144, 345, 361, 403, 405, 628 Reformation in Germany—600-01 Reformism—154-56, 265-66, 284, 448, 613-15 Relations of production—340, 385 See also Economic relations Religion— 379, 608 See also Catholicism; Christianity; Protestantism Rentier— 332, 333 Republic— 46, 400,417-21,469, 582, 585 Republican movement (bourgeois)—44, 46-48, 118-19, 158-59,418-19,459-60, 484, 505, 583, 585, 597 Research—167, 321-22, 332, 350, 373-75, 381, 389-91, 596 Revolution— 425, 470, 596-98 Revolution, bourgeois, bourgeois-democratic— 401, 582-84, 596-97, 628 Revolution, proletarian, socialist—3, 35, 46-47, 55, 67, 106, 128, 135-36, 175, 198, 201, 243, 255-56, 264, 274, 330, 347-48, 368, 372, 377, 384, 386, 389, 419, 420, 423, 425, 469-70, 587, 631, 636 See also Communism (theories and trends); Dictatorship of the proletariat; Paris Commune of 1871 Revolution, social—106, 128, 243, 274, 318, 324, 330, 348, 377, 423-25 Revolution of 1848 in France—175, 401 Revolution of 1848-49 in Germany—161, 400-01, 592, 604, 607, 628 Revolution of 1848-49 in Italian states— 44-45 Right— 89, 326, 373-74, 380-81

— of inheritance — 472 — of property — 131, 135, 373 Russia

— before the 19th cent.—405, 518, 520, 567 — the rising of the Decembrists (1825)—566 — followers of Mikhail Butashevich-Petrashevsky — 556-57 — reform of 1861, Russia after 1861 — 225, 558, 561-65 — development of revolutionary radical thought under the influence of Nikolai Chernyshevsky — 516, 524-26, 558-59, 561-62 — revolutionary actions of the student youth in the 1860s-70s — 89-90, 515-20, 523-24, 526, 561, 565-66 — tsarist persecution of the revolutionaries, political trials — 515-18, 524, 561-63 — liberal constitutional movement— 556-59, 561-62 — and Poland — 155 — foreign policy — 77-78, 602, 604, 624-25

S

Saint-Simonism, Saint-Simonians— 89, 106-07, 394, 472, 481, 630-31 Scandinavia— 607 Schleswig-Holstein—155, 607 Science— 85, 115, 132, 144-45, 167, 191, 259, 284, 325, 337, 339, 381, 388-89, 394-95, 452, 482, 519, 526, 529, 549, 557, 602-03, 630-31 See also Communism, scientific; Natural science Sectarianism—12, 61, 84, 89, 105-07, 126, 232, 234, 274-75, 369-70, 391, 394, 458, 481-82 Sects, religious—608 Serfdom— 602, 604 Silesia— 429 Social formation—332 Social labour—136, 324, 422-25 Social question — W0, 339, 346-47, 368, 516 Social relations— 331, 390-91, 394, 424 Social system — 34, 318, 338-41, 361, 542 Socialism (theories and trends)—121, 175, 319, 340-50, 353, 372-73, 467, 639-40 Socialism in Germany—317, 389 Socialism, scientific—see Communism, scientific Socialism, socialists in England—394 Socialism, socialists in France—584 Socialism, socialists in Russia—516, 523-24 Socialism, Utopian—106-07, 347, 348, 394, 481, 630-31 Societies, secret— 47-48, 161, 174, 232, 267, 439, 441, 454, 516 Society—131-32, 135-36, 325, 329, 340, 362-65, 379-80, 424-25 See also Social formation; Social relations; Social system Society, bourgeois—128, 135, 177, 220-21, 243, 274, 322, 327, 330-33, 339-41, 363-64, 377, 383, 384, 389, 391-94, 397, 417, 422-25, 481, 627-28 Spain— 417-21, 581-82, 586, 587, 591-93, 596 — fifth revolution in Spain (1864-74)_408, 418, 420-21, 449, 490, 581-86 State, the—107, 121, 128, 135, 136, 175, 255, 362-65, 370, 380-81, 392-

93, 422-25, 467-68, 482, 599-602, 627 See also Dictatorship of the proletariat;

Monarchy; Republic; State, bourgeois; State, feudal; State power State, bourgeois—107, 121, 128, 201, 264, 362-63, 417-19, 467, 586, 627 See also Bonapartism; Constitutions, bourgeois; Dictatorship, bourgeois; Parliament State debt — SS6, 388 State, feudal— 599 State power — 201, 264, 417, 421, 586, 607 Statistics—13-14, 19, 145 Strikes—106, 112, 148-49, 281, 394, 418, 481, 585-86 Students— 499, 516 Suffrage— 361, 417, 640 Surplus value— 318, 320, 327, 331-32 See also Rate of surplus value Switzerland— 83, 85, 144

T

Tactics of the proletarian class struggle—

391-92, 583-84, 631-32 Taxes, taxation—135, 336, 388, 404-05, 420, 468, 602 Terror, counter-revolutionary—128, 223,

225-26, 563 Theory and practice— 3, 66, 88-89, 96,

106-09, 115, 143-44, 174-75, 283, 292, 322, 329, 337, 369-70, 375, 378, 381-82, 388-91, 393, 480, 482, 526,

544, 555, 630-31 Thinking— 470, 526 Thirty Years War (1618-1648)—601-02 Town and country— 28, 43, 46, 57, 317,

324, 328, 330, 337, 341, 344, 347-50, 352, 368, 375, 383-86, 388, 418-19, 603, 609 Trade— 318, 609

See also Foreign trade; World market Trade unions, trade-union movement— 106-07, 246, 266, 365, 393, 394, 481, 631 See also Coalitions, workers'; Trade unions in England Trade unions in England—80, 106-07, 112, 148-49, 306, 481, 613-16, 631

Traditions— 394, 419, 604-05, 614 Truth, the — 4, 207, 212, 232, 322, 394,

495, 642 Turkey—625

U

United States of America, the—144, 177-

78, 255, 392 Uprising, armed— 420, 421, 586, 587-

88, 592-95 Usury—135, 332, 334, 344, 388 Utopism— 330, 384-86, 389, 630-31

V

Violence— 222-23, 255, 371, 386, 417,

420, 425 Vulgar bourgeois political economy—88,

341-44

W

Wage labour— 35, 201 Wages—149, 340, 345, 399, 426-36 War(s)—116, 220-21, 227, 283, 420, 561, 601-02, 604, 620, 625, 627, See also Army; Conquest; Militarism;

War, civil War, civil— 219, 418, 420, 469