Subject Index

A

Agitation—415, 587 Agriculture— 337, 338, 341, 483, 487-89, 493-94, 497 Algeria— 95, 193 Alliance of Socialist Democracy—357-58, 361-62, 376, 411-12, 429 See also Bakuninism, Bakuninists Alsace—see Lorraine; see also Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71—annexation of Alsace and Lorraine by Germany Analogy (military-historical)— 216-18 Anarchy in production—335 Anarchy (political)—484 Anglo-American war of 1812-14—350 Anglo-Franco-Chinese war of 1856-60 (Second Opium war)—350 Anglo-French commercial treaty of 1860— 346, 442 Antagonism— 7, 329, 333, 335, 535, 548, 620 Anti-communism (criticism and exposure of it by Marx and Engels) — 335, 354, 386, 597-98, 608 See also Bakuninism, Bakuninists; Paris Commune of 1871—ruling classes' slander campaign against the Commune and the International Association; Reformism Aristocracy, nobility in France—336, 492, 493, 524 Aristocracy, nobility in Germany—540 Armaments, arms—24, 26, 46, 96-98 See also Artillery

Army

— general characteristics — 25, 30, 106-07, 151, 159, 181, 188, 255, 583 — and the economy — 487, 488 — and social relations — 600 — as a component part of the state apparatus — 105-06, 278, 328, 331, 483, 485, 533, 534, 548 — as an instrument of reaction and suppression of revolutionary movements — 106, 116, 125, 278, 322-23, 354, 485, 487, 501, 527, 536, 537 — under feudalism — 483-84 — under capitalism — 284, 353, 484 — and exploiting classes — 125, 278 — and peasantry — 337-38, 488 — and bourgeois revolution — 533, 548 — and proletarian revolution — 322-24, 331, 487, 527, 536; see also Paris Commune of 1871— replacement of the standing army by the National Guard — regular — 151, 231 — standing — 328, 331, 334, 483, 488-89, 501, 533, 537, 548 — irregular, volunteer, guerrilla— 151, 575, 581, 582 — militia — 200, 488, 490, 537 — discipline and morale — 26, 98-99, 108-09, 120, 135, 137, 220, 232-33, 323-24, 527 — soldiers — 46-47, 106, 122, 323 — non-commissioned officers — 120, 151 — generals — 94, 200, 202, 236, 245-48, 256, 258 — military system, modes and forms of recruitment — 11, 105-07, 575 — mercenaries, enlistment of — 108-09, 354 — universal conscription — 105-07, 125-26, 575 See also Armaments, arms; Army (in different countries); Artillery; Art of warfare, its laws; Cavalry; Fortifications; Infantry; Military science, history, literature; Military training; Navy; War(s) Army, Austrian— 34, 96-97, 284 Army, British

— composition, organisation, armament — 141, 574, 575 — martial skills, fighting qualities— 96, 175, 575, 583 — militia, volunteers — 151 Army, French

— composition, organisation, armament, military expenditure — 11-

13, 47, 96, 97, 107, 116-17, 158, 283, 317, 453, 520 — inefficiency of commanders— 23, 46, 77, 98-99 — martial skills, training, fighting qualities — 60, 95-97, 108-09, 137, 175, 182, 194, 196-97 — system of substitution — 96, 99, 109 — Garde Mobile — 13, 35, 46, 66, 89, 103, 108, 120, 121, 139, 151, 194, 200, 231, 255, 553 See also Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71; Napoleonic wars; Wars of the First French Republic Army, German

— of the German states (before 1871)—13, 14, 36, 47, 98, 125-26, 146 See also Revolution of 1848-49 in Germany (uprising in the south-western Germany in May-June 1849) Army, Polish—149 Army, Prussian

— composition, organisation, armament, military expenditure — 11-

14, 96-98, 116, 132, 140-141, 148, 149, 284

— as an instrument of reaction— 105, 124, 266 — martial skills, training, fighting qualities — 42-43, 97-98, 105-07, 128, 220 — universal conscription — 105-07, 123-26, 166 — Landwehr — 13, 97, 166, 201, 202, 213-14 — Landsturm — 166, 167, 201-02 See also Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71 Army, Russian— 284, 575, 583 Army, US—151 Artillery— 22, 94, 96, 97, 101, 131-32,

140-41, 175, 218-19, 234 Art of warfare, its laws—228

— and development of technology and arms — 24, 46 — revolution in the art of warfare in the second half of the 19th cent.—128 — strategy — 21, 25-26, 28-29, 33, 47, 57, 80, 188, 207, 210, 244, 253 — tactics — 26, 28, 98, 182, 233 — battle — 25-26, 104

Atheism— 362, 608 Austfalia—534 Austria-Hungary (from 1867)

— political system — 487 and Germany — 261 — and Prussia — 97 Austro-Italian war of 1848-49—88, 95, 165-66 Austro-Italo-French war of 1859

— general characteristics — 96, 97, 104, 193 — course of military operations — 34 — battle at Magenta, June 4, 1859 and at Solferino, June 24, 1859— 16, 28, 35, 97 — and France (Second Empire)—97, 98, 104, 158, 301 — and Prussia — 97 — and Russia — 301 — and European democracy — 300-04 Austro-Prussian war of 1866

— general characteristics — 98, 193 — armed forces of belligerent states — 14, 24, 36, 128 — course of military operations — 14, 34 — battle of Sadowa (Königgrätz), July 3,* 1866 — 5, 35 — and France — 5, 267 — and Germany — 36, 146

B Bakuninism, Bakuninists — rejection of the political struggle of the proletariat — 412, 415-18, 614, 616 — disorganising activities of Bakuninists in the working-class movement — 357-58, 361-62, 376, 411-12, 417-20, 429, 430 — and Nechayevism — 377, 429 — in Switzerland — 411-12, 555, 556, 558-59 See also Alliance of Socialist Democracy Basis and superstructure

— economic basis of bourgeois society — 459, 498 — social basis — 540 — political superstructure — 540 — the term "superstructure"—328, 494, 533, 540, 548 See also Economics and politics Belgium — 111, 173, 340 Blanquism, Blanquists

— and uprising of October 31, 1870 — 323, 352, 471, 527 — and Paris Commune — 352 See also Société des Saisons Bonapartism — 3, 5, 77, 95, 282, 330, 486, 493, 496, 535, 548-49 See also France, Second Empire Borders (frontiers), state—117-18, 264-66 Bourgeoisie

— its economic domination — 278, 354, 493-94, 501 — its different factions, struggle between them — 461, 548 — and state power — 278, 328-31, 353, 354, 426, 460, 485, 486, 534-35, 547-49; see also Dictatorship of the bourgeoisie; Republic, bourgeois — and peasantry — 330, 337-38, 550 Bourgeoisie, English—580, 584 Bourgeoisie, French—286, 314, 453, 460,

501, 519

— in the first half of the 19th cent.—333, 460, 485, 522 — during the Second Empire — 330, 337, 486, 496, 603, 629 — during the Third Republic — 576, 578, 581 Bourgeoisie, German—264, 268, 579, 582, 605 Bourgeoisie, Swiss—299 Bureaucracy, officials— 278, 328, 483-85,

488-89, 494-97, 533-35, 547, 549

C

Capital— 329, 330, 335, 535, 536, 548,

549 Capitalist mode of production—335 Capitalists— 335, 536, 549 Carbonari—597 Cavalry—12, 98 Censorship— 275 Centralisation of capital—339-40, 535-36 Centralisation (political)—328, 485-86, 504, 533-35, 547-49 — bourgeois — 328, 332-33, 485-86, 502, 504, 533-35, 549 — its use in the interests of the exploiting classes — 116, 502, 504, 533-35, 547-49 — under the dictatorship of the proletariat — 331, 333, 485-86, 504, 533-34, 547-48 Chartism—615, 634 Chauvinism—104, 260-61, 500-01 Civil society— 483-88, 490-92, 550 Civil war—134, 606 See also Paris Commune of 1871—civil war as a form of class struggle Civil War in the USA, 1861-65 — 142, 151, 270, 458, 464, 542, 606 Classes

— ruling classes in bourgeois socie-t y _ 3 , 4, 263, 290, 316, 329-31, 333, 335, 352, 354, 426-27, 460, 484-90, 495-500, 519, 521, 525-26, 531, 533-37, 547-51, 603-04 — middle strata in bourgeois society_336, 344, 385, 492, 496, 591 — class contradictions, antagonism between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie — 329, 335, 535, 536, 548, 602 — class prejudices — 318, 332, 493, 494, 496, 519, 537 — exploiting, propertied — 251, 278, 329, 330, 335, 336, 426, 427, 457, 459, 460, 577 — privileged, upper — 282, 322, 385, 426, 427, 526, 535, 549, 595, 597 — appropriating — 325, 335, 353, 534-36, 548 — parasitic — 455, 541 — lower, exploited, propertyless — 278, 494 — productive — 329, 330, 335, 459, 531, 534-36, 549 — proletariat as the ruling class— 336, 416, 417, 426, 486-92, 500, 536, 634; see also Dictatorship of the proletariat Class struggle— 335, 350, 353, 491, 499, 531, 535, 536, 603, 604 — struggle of the workers with the bourgeoisie in the period of developed capitalism — 330, 348, 353, 354, 427, 491, 498, 534, 535, 541, 602, 619 — workers' economic struggle against the bourgeoisie — 427, 498 — political struggle as a form of class struggle — 536 — struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, and middle strata — 337, 496 — and national question — 311-12, 353, 501, 515-16 — and revolution — 329, 335, 353, 416, 417, 491, 525, 526, 548-49 — classes and class struggle in the period of the dictatorship of the proletariat — 493-94, 500 — international character of the class struggle of the proletariat — 602, 605 Clergy

— as a champion of the interests of the exploiting classes — 502, 504, 533, 534, 548 — its place in social hierarchy, its functions — 328, 485 — and national liberation movements — 198, 200-01 Communism, Icarian (Cabet's communism)—499

Communism, scientific

— demand of socialisation of the means of production — 494, 634

Communism (social formation)

— as a necessary result of the historical development of human society — 336, 491-92, 504 — as the aim of the revolutionary workers' movement, of the proletarian revolution — 334, 416, 417, 426-27, 491, 497-500, 548-49, 601-02 — criticism of the Utopian ideas of the future society — 336, 499-500 — material preconditions of the communist transformation of society — 336, 491, 492, 494, 499 — international character of the communist transformation of society — 7, 338, 459, 486, 490-92, 501, 540 — period of transition from capitalism to communism (socialism)— 331-41, 485-95, 496, 498-501, 533, 536-38, 547-49 — abolition of private property, social property in the means of production — 335, 494-95, 505, 608, 634 — social character of production— 335-36, 491-92, 494 — labour — 7, 335, 491-92, 494, 496, 498, 608 — communism as a new society, new organisation of society — 7, 341, 349, 353, 354, 537-38, 540 — abolition of class antagonisms and differences, society without classes — 331, 335, 416, 417, 427, 486, 491, 494-95, 499-500, 525, 526, 548-49, 634 — communist transformation of society and the state — 328-42, 483-93, 496, 498-501, 533, 536-37, 547-49 — communist transformation of society and the army — 7, 322-23, 328, 331, 332, 334, 487-90, 527, 531, 536-38, 547-48 — communist transformation of society and the law — 328, 331-32, 337-38, 340-41, 490, 493, 533, 536-38, 547-48, 634 — communist transformation of society and man — 332, 335, 336, 486, 490, 491, 492, 493, 505, 537 Comtism (positivism) and working-class movement—556, 558, 574, 605 Co-operation, co-operative movement— 335-36, 339, 472, 488 Corruption— 77, 333-34, 463, 486, 505 Counter-revolution—354, 441, 481, 532

— bourgeois — 319, 323, 440, 524-26, 529, 546 — its international character — 352-54, 498, 509, 520 Crimean war of 1853-56 — 88, 96, 97, 100, 110, 135, 141, 142, 158, 193, 216-17, 459, 575, 576, 579-80, 583

D

Danish war of 1864 — 98, 132, 218, 219 Democracy, bourgeois—385, 605 Democracy, proletarian—331-35, 338-39, 487-92, 536-37 Despotism— 4, 5, 260, 275, 487, 502 Dictatorship, counter-revolutionary— 497, 533-34, 539 Dictatorship of the bourgeoisie—278, 533-35 — as a means of suppression of the liberation struggle of workers— 348, 349, 351, 352, 485-86, 531, 548 — betrayal by the bourgeoisie of the national interests — 264-65, 311-12, 314-18, 320, 338, 351-53, 437-38, 440, 458-59, 482, 501, 509, 515-16, 519, 520, 538-40 — its anti-popular character — 485 Dictatorship of the proletariat

— its historical necessity — 335, 416, 417, 426, 427, 500 — demand of the dictatorship of the proletariat in programme documents of the working-class movement — 427 — as a state of the transitional period from capitalism to communism (socialism)—634 — its historical tasks — 334, 416, 417, 490, 548-49, 601-02, 634

— destruction of the bourgeois state machine — 328, 331-34, 483, 486-90, 493, 497, 498, 533, 536-37, 548 — its constructive functions — 601-02; see also Paris Commune of 1871 — and the peasantry — 333, 337-38, 488, 492-95 — and the urban middle strata— 336, 472-74, 486, 492, 496, 591 — its truly democratic nature — 331, 333, 334, 338, 464, 487-90, 495, 498 — its humaneness — 323, 326-27, 351, 401, 447, 450, 464, 475, 476, 491, 512, 513, 526, 528-31, 592 — its international character — 339, 460, 475, 486, 490, 501 — separation of the church from the state — 331, 337, 475, 490, 493, 533, 537 — classes and class struggle — 491-92, 500 — role of the proletarian party in winning the dictatorship of the proletariat and in the implemen-tation of its functions — 416, 417, 426-27 — political rule of the proletariat as a means of building a classless society — 416, 417, 491-92 — and experience of the Paris Commune — 328-43, 483-93, 536-38, 634; see also Paris Commune of 1871 — using of the term "dictatorship of the proletariat"—634 Distribution— 491

E

"Eastern question" at the beginning of the

1870s — lib, 282 Economics and politics—327, 332-35, 426-27, 491-92, 549, 601, 602 Electoral rights

— in bourgeois society — 488, 496, 539 — and the working class — 278, 331, 333, 474, 489, 490, 537, 617, 634

27-1232 Emigration (counter-revolutionary)— 342-43, 457-58, 538-39, 543-44 England (Great Britain)

— constitutional monarchy — 587 — oligarchic character of government — 339 — bodies of local self-government — 333, 464 — judiciary — 333, 464 — Radicals — 634 — electoral system — 617 — bourgeois-republican movement— 587 — trade unions — 279, 498, 554, 560, 561, 589, 614, 615 — possibility of carrying out a proletarian revolution in a peaceful way — 602, 606 — State Church (Anglican) and religion — 587 — foreign policy and popular masses — 269, 573, 574, 582 — foreign policy and the Civil War in the USA — 270 — and France during the Second Empire — 269, 580 See also Army, British; Bourgeoisie, English; International Working Men's Association in England; Working class in England; Working-class movement in England Exploitation— 334-35, 484-85, 493-94 Expropriation— 334-37, 493-95, 535-36

F

Federalism (reactionary)—502 Fenians—597 Feudalism— 329-31, 483-86, 533, 534, 548 Feudal society—504, 531 Foreign policy — 3, 276, 282 See also — foreign policy (in different countries) Fortifications— 26, 87-88, 91-94, 101-05, 108-110, 130-35, 139, 141-45, 172-75,219,222-23,231,235,236,283,591 Fourierism, Fourierists—499 France (prior to 1830)

— general characteristics — 116, 333, 502 — territory, state frontiers — 116, 117, 251

— French nation, its formation — 77, 482 — Frenchmen, their national character — 96, 106-07, 129, 156, 232 — social and political system — 116, 328-31, 483-84, 502, 533, 547-49 — classes, class struggle — 329, 534-36, 548-49 — state apparatus — 328-34, 484-87, 502, 533-37, 550-51 — religion, the church — 198, 314, 315, 484-85 — during the Consulate and the First Empire — 328, 484-85, 534, 547-48 — social and political situation during the Restoration — 458-59, 491-92, 521-23, 534-35 — reactionary character of the parliament — 319, 329, 339-40, 465-66, 503, 523-24 See also French Revolution, the

France. Foreign policy and diplomacy

— foreign policy during the July monarchy — 316, 452-53, 519-20 — during the Second Empire — 266-67 — and Austria — 452-53, 519-20 — and England — 316, 346, 442, 452-53, 519-20 — and Germany — 37, 106, 117, 266-

67, 316, 452-53 — and Italy — 316, 317, 462 — and Poland — 338-39 — and Prussia — 5, 106, 266-67, 316, 452-53, 519-20 — and Russia — 316, 338-39, 452-53, 519-20 — and Turkey — 316, 452-53, 514-20 — colonial aggression against Algeria — 95 — colonialist policy in Egypt — 316, 452-53, 519-20 See also Army, French; Bourgeoisie, French; Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71; International Working Men's Association in France; June 1848 uprising of the Paris proletariat; Napoleonic wars; Paris Commune of 1871; Revolution of 1848 in France; Wars of the First French Republic; Working class in France France. July Revolution of 1830 and July monarchy— 315, 317, 329, 333-34, 345, 442-44, 446-47, 454-55, 459-61, 519-23, 534, 535, 548-49, 572

France. Revolution of September 4, 1870, proclamation of the Third Republic — revolution of September 4, proclamation of the republic, its character — 263, 268, 311, 312, 317-18, 321-22, 451-52, 462-63, 480, 481, 485-86, 515, 525-26, 532-33, 546-48, 576-77 — workers' uprising on September 4, 1870 in Lyons, proclamation of the Commune — 480, 532-33 — proclamation of the Commune by the workmen of Marseilles and Toulouse — 480, 532-33 — rise of the Paris workmen on October 5, 1870 — 437-39, 480 — uprising of October 31, 1870— 323, 326-27, 353, 437-39, 445, 447, 480-81, 527 — politics of the Government of National Defence — 240-42, 249, 268-69, 275, 311-14, 318, 437, 439, 446, 452-53, 456-57, 481, 506-07, 515-19, 525, 527 — counter-revolutionary monarchist groups — 268-69, 292, 317-18, 346-47, 465-66, 502, 511, 521-25, 538-39, 544-45; see also Paris Commune of 1871—counter-revolutionary policy of the Thiers government — National Guard — 330-31,437,445, 446, 449-50, 481, 482. 521, 527 — bourgeois-republican movement— 268-69, 341-42, 465-66, 497-98, 523-24, 538-39 France, Second Empire

— general characteristics — 3-5, 76-77, 129, 263, 266-67, 321, 330-31, 338-39, 451-52, 482, 484-87, 496-98, 525, 526, 533, 535, 536, 547-48, 550-51, 575-76 — coup d'état of December 2, 1851 — 3-5, 95-96, 269, 330, 455-57, 460-63, 468-69, 586 — industry — 330,522-23,535-36,594 — agriculture — 338, 493-94 — trade — 330

— finances — 5, 319, 330, 337, 484-85, 496-97, 535-36 — home policy, domestic situation— 5 — corruption of the ruling circles— 23-24, 46, 76-77, 98-99, 158, 159, 313, 314, 330, 337, 439, 442-43, 484-87, 505, 535-36, 556, 557, 603-06 — character of political power — 3-5, 330-31, 484-87, 497-98, 532-37, 550-51, 603-04 — administrative apparatus, bureaucracy — 76-77, 484-85 — army as the bulwark and dominat-ing force of the Bonapartist regime — 95-96, 98, 330, 452-53, 484-85, 550 — the police — 140-41, 303, 323-24, 453-54, 473-74, 493, 506, 532, 623-24 — public works — 98-99, 339-40, 350-52 — suffrage — 330, 442, 468-69, 484-85, 496, 539 — Corps Législatif — 160, 321-22, 442, 484-85, 533 — monarchist groups — 522-23 — clergy — 198, 484-85, 492-93, 502 — bourgeoisie — 330, 336, 484-85, 500, 601-02, 626-27 — people, the — 195 — peasantry — 4, 95-96, 195, 198, 251, 268-70, 337-38, 482-83, 492-95, 502, 535-36, 550 — republican movement — 443 — plebiscite of May 8, 1870 — 3-4, 557 — Bonapartist regime and wars — 3-6, 36 — causes of the collapse of the Second Empire — 5, 263, 459-60, 552 See also Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71

France. Third Republic (after the defeat of the Paris Commune) — working class — 268-70, 311, 321-22, 437-38, 451-52, 481, 515, 516, 526, 527, 532, 546-47 — peasantry — 629-30

27* — petty bourgeoisie — 481 — home policy — 357-58, 361, 608 — the bourgeois press — 319-20, 369

Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71

— general characteristics — 3-7, 31, 150, 193-94, 253-54, 260-70, 272, 276, 353-54, 473, 517, 527, 621 — its causes, diplomatic preparation — 36, 59-60, 608 — change in its character during the course of military operations— 104, 126, 253-54, 263-64, 267-68, 272, 503, 517, 527, 528, 549-51 — forces of belligerent states — 12-14, 23-24, 35-39, 42-47, 54-55, 58, 59, 66, 67, 74-78, 89, 98-99, 119-22, 127-29, 137-39, 146-49, 151-52, 155-57, 159, 164, 170, 175, 181-84, 187, 188, 194-97, 203, 204, 206-07, 212-15, 217, 227-29, 239, 240, 252, 253, 255, 283-84 — course of military operations— 11, 12, 16, 17, 19-30, 32, 42, 44, 47-54, 56-65, 67-69, 71-76, 78-85, 88-94, 100, 103, 104, 109, 113, 114, 115, 116, 127-29, 130, 131, 138, 139, 140, 141, 146-53, 155, 157-62, 168-71, 173-76, 179, 181-83, 185-88, 192-96, 203-11, 213, 219, 221-30, 236-58, 264-66, 321-22, 391, 574-76, 577-80, 585, 591 — major battles of the first period of war — 28-30, 32-35, 38, 42, 50, 52, 53, 55, 57-59, 62, 65, 72, 82, 83, 102-03, 108, 136-37, 155, 159, 160, 579-80 — siege and capitulation of Metz in

August-October 1870 — 59, 65-66, 72, 82-83, 86, 87, 91, 113, 127-29, 134-37, 146-56, 159, 164, 173, 180, 182, 231, 252, 317 — capitulation of the French army on September 1-2, 1870, at Sedan, its political consequences — 82-87, 89, 91, 150, 161-62, 173, 180, 182-84, 231, 242, 243, 248, 249, 263, 299, 300, 313, 317, 451-52, 501, 519, 541, 578-79 — siege of Paris in September 1870-January 1871 — 59, 73, 87-90, 108-11, 119, 121, 122, 128, 129-34, 136-145, 147-50, 169, 170,

172-78, 181, 183-85, 187-91, 193-98, 205, 207, 212, 216-20, 225-28, 231-35, 238-41, 249, 251, 252, 299, 311-13, 321-24, 437-40, 451-52, 482, 506-07, 515-19, 525-27, 532, 547-48 — major battles after the capitulation at Sedan (the second period of war)—168, 169, 176, 194, 204, 228-30, 236-38, 241, 245, 251, 256, 257 — prospects of the continuation of the war by France — 175-76, 180, 183, 184, 187-88, 193-97, 207, 242, 249, 251-54, 276 — operations of francs-tireurs, popular resistance to the Prussian interventionists — 54, 55, 129, 136-37, 163-67, 173, 182-85, 187-88, 193-98, 200-202, 204, 207, 210-11, 224, 225, 244, 252 — cruelty of German invaders — 92, 93, 130, 163-67, 182, 194-95, 198-200, 233-34, 350-53 — peace negotiations, truce and capitulation of Paris on January 28, 1871 — 112-14, 122, 146, 147, 194-95, 248, 249, 313, 316, 318, 320-22, 353-54, 438-39, 450-52, 458-59, 481, 501, 519-20, 523, 525-26, 545-47 — German demands and preliminary peace terms — 251, 265-66, 299, 319, 337-38, 353-54, 452-53, 462-63, 491-92, 524-25, 542-47, 586 — Frankfort Peace Treaty of May 10, 1871 — 346, 347, 543-44 — annexation of Alsace and Lorraine by Germany — 193, 214-15, 251, 260, 261, 264-65, 267-71, 274, 299, 302, 303, 338-39, 458-59, 544-45, 558, 559, 577-78 — and Bonapartist regime — 5, 11,

23, 25, 29-31, 36, 45, 50, 69-70, 156, 159-162, 263, 274, 304, 319-20, 446-47, 457-58, 533-35 — internal situation in France — 4,

24, 28-29, 31, 40, 54-55, 65, 66, 129-30, 132-33, 215, 242, 251-52, 261, 318-19, 336-37, 496-97, 523-24 — politics of the Government of National Defence — 240-42, 249, 268-69, 275, 311-13, 318, 437, 438, 446, 452-53, 456-57, 481, 506-07, 513-515, 525, 527 — and the French bourgeoisie — 4, 120, 121, 251, 277, 289, 292, 319, 338-39, 459, 481, 496-97, 501, 524-25 — and the French working class — 3-7, 120, 251, 261, 268-70, 279, 286, 289, 311, 516, 532, 558, 560, 562 — and revolutionary and democratic movements in France — 35, 41-42, 134, 480-82 — and internal situation in Germany — 12, 36, 105-06, 124, 197, 207, 214-15, 242, 261, 272, 274-75, 281, 617 — and Prussian government's politics — 3-6, 31, 194-95, 263-66, 268-69, 274-75, 281-02, 299, 358, 362, 515, 539-40, 574-77, 578-81, 619 — and attitude of the South-German states — 11, 301 — and the German bourgeoisie— 107, 215, 260-262, 264-67 — and the German working class— 6, 7, 261-62, 268-69, 272, 275, 428, 577-78, 619 — and German Social-Democracy, its internationalism — 271-75, 278, 279, 281, 299, 303, 558-59, 617, 619-20 — and England — 59, 66, 175, 181-82, 244, 269-70, 281, 286, 289, 559, 573-81, 583-84 — and the English working class and the democratic movement — 7, 269-70, 272, 358-59, 361, 557-60, 569, 571, 572, 575, 578-80 — and Russia — 6, 7, 175, 260-61, 266-67, 275-76, 281-84, 575, 576, 579-80, 582-84 — and other European countries— 173-75, 275, 560, 575-77, 579-81, 584 — and European bourgeois democracy — 299-304 — and the International Association

and the international working-class movement — 3-7, 263-74, 277-79, 286-87, 289, 358, 362, 412, 515, 558-62, 573-84, 609, 619-20 — post-war alignment of forces in Europe, threat of a new military conflict — 260-61, 266-68, 282, 302, 576, 580-82, 583-84 Freedom— 264, 335, 426-27

— political freedoms in bourgeois society as a privilege of propertied classes — 274-76, 617 — freedom of assembly, association and coalition — 415, 417-18, 621 — workers' use of political freedoms in bourgeois society — 269, 278, 415, 417-18, 617, 634 — conditions for the actual emancipation of people — 335-36, 426-27, 497, 501, 531 — true freedom under communism — 335-36, 490, 491 See also Communism (social formation)—communist transformation of society and man French Revolution, the— 328, 533-34, 549

— and peasantry — 238-39, 336-38, 493-94 — Girondins — 333 — national assemblies, their policy— 497, 538-39 — National Convention, its policy— 47 — counter-revolutionary rebellions, Vendée — 238-39, 342-43, 457-58, 543-44 — revolutionary wars, army — 47; see also Wars of the First French Republic — and England — 269-70 — and Europe — 485, 534-35 — and Germany — 266-67

G

General German Workingmen's Society—

589, 616 German Confederation (1815-1866)—36 German People's Party, 1865—261 German Social-Democracy

— Social-Democratic Workers' Party (Eisenachers)—278, 619 — and the International Association — 259, 271, 555, 557, 559, 619; see also International Working Men's Association in Germany — and Franco-Prussian war, annexation of Alsace and Lorraine— 260-62, 267, 271-74, 278, 279, 299, 303, 617, 619-20 — and Paris Commune — 620 — parliamentary activity — 272-73, 278, 619-20 German Workers' Educational Society in

Geneva—560 Germany—12, 125, 261 — North German Confederation (1867-71)—11, 36, 106, 125, 267, 302 — North German Reichstag — 272, 274, 278, 558 — working class — see Working class in Germany — "demagogues"—201 — philistinism — 215, 299, 302, 303 — bourgeois liberalism of the 1840s — 5, 264 — youth, students — 619 — foreign policy and Hungary, Italy and Poland — 266 — and France — 106, 117, 264-68, 316, 453, 520 — and Russia — 7, 261, 266-67 See also Aristocracy, nobility in Germany; Army, German; Bourgeoisie, German; Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71; Pan-Germanism; Revolution of 1848-49 in Germany; Socialism (theories and trends)—in Germany; Wars of the First French Republic; Working class in Germany; Working-class movement in Germany

H

History — 333, 335, 341, 463-64, 487,

505, 526, 528 Home policy and its influence on foreign

policy—3, 105, 125, 126, 282 Hungary— 266

I

India—166, 494 Infantry—12, 97, 125 International Democratic Association— 562 International solidarity of workers—3, 294, 501, 602, 603 International Working Men's Association

— general characteristics, its historical importance — 354, 386, 545, 601-02, 633-34 — first programme documents (Inaugural Address and Provisional Rules)—364, 426, 600, 616, 618 — struggle for proletarian class character of the Association— 277-78, 386, 600, 601, 633-34 — struggle for unity of actions of the proletarians of all countries — 430, 602, 603, 633-34 — emancipation of the workers as the aim of the Association — 426, 601, 602 — programme demand that the working class should win political power and build a classless society — 416, 417, 427, 601, 602, 634 — and political struggle of the working class — 278, 412, 415, 416, 417, 418, 427-28, 602, 616-18 — demand for forming a proletarian party in some countries — 415-18, 427, 616-18 — question of the connection of the economic and political struggle of the proletariat — 415, 427-28, 601-02 — and trade union organisations— 279, 294, 423-25, 428, 554, 558, 560, 561, 590, 614-15 — and statistical surveying of the condition of the working class— 425, 566 — and the agrarian question, peasantry and agricultural proletariat — 426, 554, 561 — and the Irish question — 555, 561, 620 — struggle against Bonapartism — 3-5, 608 — and Franco-Prussian war — see Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71— and the International Association and the international working-class movement; see also Paris Commune of 1871—and the International Association — and religion — 563, 608 — and secret societies — 407, 428, 597, 621 — organisational principles of the International Association — 365, 407, 408, 413-14, 422, 423, 430, 556, 557, 564, 565, 567, 601, 611, 616, 621 — Rules and Regulations — 259, 408, 413, 428, 429, 557, 565, 566, 600, 602 — General Council, its statute, composition, activity — 292-93, 367, 370, 372, 391, 393, 408, 411, 413, 419, 422, 423, 424, 428-30, 553-67, 609-13, 616 — funds — 273, 397, 398, 407-08, 424 — local sections, federations, federal councils, national organisations— 407-08, 414, 422, 423, 426-30, 555, 559, 565, 601-02 — activities of Marx and Engels in the International Association— 367, 370, 386, 556, 558-59, 573-84, 589-99, 604-05, 607-21, 633-34 — Marx as Corresponding Secretary for Germany — 8, 259, 270, 288-90, 357, 367, 382, 398, 431 — Marx as Corresponding Secretary for the Netherlands — 357, 382 — Marx as Corresponding Secretary for Russia — 270, 431, 556 — Engels as Corresponding Secretary for Belgium (December 1870-July 1871)—272-73, 357, 382 — Engels as Corresponding Secretary for Spain — 277-80, 357, 382, 431, 561 — Engels as Corresponding Secretary for Italy — 431 — press organs of the International Association — 555, 556, 570, 603 — and bourgeois press — 285-93, 358-65, 371, 375-78, 391-96, 397, 405, 553, 562, 588-98, 604

— and ruling classes, police persecutions — 285, 286, 290, 291, 356, 362-63, 369, 376-77, 383, 384, 403, 407, 421, 430, 556-58, 560, 562, 565, 597, 599, 603, 604, 609, 612, 613, 617, 618, 621, 633 International Working Men's Association. Congresses and conferences — functions and tasks of general congresses — 430, 616 — competence, character and tasks of conferences — 420-22 — Geneva Congress (1866)—413, 425, 614 — Lausanne Congress (1867)—426 — Basle Congress (1869)—407-08, 413, 419, 423, 430, 552, 557, 566, 614 — Mainz (Mayence) Congress (1870)—agenda, reasons for can-celling it — 259, 557, 558, 562 See also London Conference (1871)

International Working Men's Association in Belgium— 272-73, 556, 559, 564, 603, 609 International Working Men's Association in England— 279, 428, 554-55, 557, 558, 560-565, 567, 609, 615, 620 — and the Land and Labour League — 484-85, 610

International Working Men's Association in France— 3-5, 279, 297, 354-55, 412, 423, 427-29, 442, 454, 497-98, 546, 554-57, 609 — Paris Federation — 3, 4, 286, 297, 546, 585

International Working Men's Association in Germany—6, 619 — Social-Democratic Workers' Party as a branch of the International Working Men's Association — 259, 271, 555, 557-59, 619-20 — during the Franco-Prussian war and the Paris Commune — 271-74, 279, 428, 558, 559 — police persecutions — 271-74, 279, 405, 559, 562, 609, 619-20 International Working Men's Association

in Ireland—620 International Working Men's Association

in Italy— 556, 559, 608 International Working Men's Association in the Netherlands—294, 603 International Working Men's Association in Portugal—279 International Working Men's Association and Russia— 377, 429, 556, 613 International Working Men's Association in

Spain— 277-79, 295, 428, 603, 612 International Working Men's Association in Switzerland— 279, 411, 430, 555, 556, 557, 558, 561, 563, 603, 609, 613 — Romance sections, Romance Federation, Federal Council of Romance Switzerland — 412, 419-21, 430, 559, 561; see also Alliance of Socialist Democracy; Bakuninism, Bakuninists — press — 411, 421-22, 430 — resolution of the London Conference on the Alliance of Socialist Democracy — see London Conference (1871) International Working Men's Association in the USA— 279-80, 555, 557, 559-61, 563, 589, 590 Internationalism, proletarian—3, 268, 278, 339, 421, 430, 603, 614 See also Working-class movement Italy— 266

J

Joint-stock companies—496, 536 Journalism, journalists—264, 324, 336, 456, 457, 530 Judiciary—165, 278, 332, 339, 343, 345, 443, 449-50, 474, 485, 494-95, 533, 534, 547-49, 631-32 July Revolution of 1830 and July monarchy— see France. July Revolution of 1830 and July monarchy June 1848 uprising of the Paris proletariat—588, 634 — causes of the uprising — 324, 571-72 — establishment of Cavaignac's military dictatorship, suppression of the uprising by the bourgeoisie — 269, 325, 329-30, 348, 351-62, 445, 446, 455-56, 461, 521, 527, 571-72, 610-11

L

Land and Labour League (England, 1869)— 555, 561, 603 Landed property— 491, 493-95, 523, 549 Landed proprietor (landlord)—335, 492,

523, 548, 549 Large-scale industry—329, 491, 548 Lassalleanism, Lassalleans—616 Law, international—353, 461 Legislation (bourgeois)—339, 444, 445 Liberalism— 300, 340 London Conference (1871)

— its preparation and convening— 406-08, 413-14, 561, 563-66 — its tasks, character and composition — 407, 432, 563-67, 609, 613, 616 — resolution on the political struggle of the working class and formation of an independent proletarian party — 415-18, 426-27, 616 — on the winning of political power by the working class — 416, 417, 427 — on the international solidarity of the workers — 428, 619-20 — struggle against anarchist sectarianism, resolution on the Alliance of Socialist Democracy— 411-12, 429-30 — resolutions on the organisational questions — 413, 423-24, 427-28 — and trade unions — 614-15 — various resolutions — 419-22, 424-31 — publication of the International Association's documents by decision of the Conference — 413, 423-32, 566, 613 Lorraine— 33, 117, 260, 261, 264-65 See also Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71—annexation of Alsace and Lorraine by Germany Luxembourg—275, 575, 579

M

Mazzinism, Mazzinists—380-85, 562, 563, 598, 605, 607-08 Means of labour— 490, 494, 500, 634 Means of production—335, 494, 524 Mexican expedition, 1861-67—129, 156, 166, 182, 397 Military science, history, literature—88, 220, 463 Military training— 98, 104, 106, 125,

151-52, 256, 311, 516 Monarchy— 328, 330-31, 333-34, 458-

61, 483-84, 487-88, 497-98, 533-35, 547-51

N

Napoleonic wars — 6, 7, 57, 59 60, 65, 69, 88, 91-92, 102-03, 104, 108, 129, 143-44, 165, 166-67, 173, 175, 182, 196-97, 199-202, 260, 264-68, 458-59 — and Prussia — 104, 165, 167, 199-202, 264-65, 458-59 — and Russia — 7 Nation— 332-33, 484, 490

— national pride, consciousness, feeling — 12, 128-29, 330, 336-37, 496-97, 550 National debt — M9, 329, 484, 488, 536 Nationalism— 3, 518-19, 608, 620 National Labour Union (USA, 1866)— 280, 615 National Liberals (Germany, from 1866)— 261 National question— 265-67, 290, 353-54,

500-01, 608 — and bourgeoisie — 311-12, 338-39, 353-54, 500-01, 515-16 — and peasantry — 268-70

— and working class, and working-class and socialist movement — 267-70, 500-01 Natural science— 298-99, 303-05 Navy

— British — 572, 576, 584 — French — 77, 304 Neutrality—173, 175

P

Pan-Germanism— 261 Pan-Slavism— 282 Paris—116-18, 311, 319-22, 330-31, 340-43, 349-51, 354-55, 440, 443-44, 456-60, 502, 505, 515, 519, 539-40, 543-44, 547-48

Paris Commune of 1871

— its historical significance — 331, 333-39, 350-51, 353-55, 459-60, 483, 485-88, 490-92, 496-500, 505, 525-26, 536-41, 595, 601, 603-04, 612, 634 — as a proletarian revolution — 322-23, 330-31, 334-39, 353-54, 451-52, 459-60, 482, 485-88, 490-92, 496-500, 524-26, 536-38, 540-42, 601 — as people's revolution — 456-57, 463-64, 476-77, 482, 483, 485-86, 488, 498, 505, 590-91, 603-04 — completion of bourgeois-democratic reforms — 524 — as a political form of the emancipation of labour — 334-35, 490-92

— as a working-class government, dictatorship of the proletariat — 328, 330-31, 334-36, 338, 488-92, 498-500, 532-34, 536-37, 547-48, 634 — as a form of the proletarian state-hood on a national scale — 331-34, 481, 490, 491, 504, 536-38 — as a true representative of the national interests of France — 338-39, 352-54, 459-60, 481, 490-92, 500, 502-04, 540-41, 547-48 — its international character — 339, 353, 459-60, 475, 487, 490, 501

— leadership of the working class— 335-37, 487, 490, 493-99, 526, 536-38, 588, 591, 601

— role of the National Guard and arming of the people in the preparation of the revolution of March 18 — 331, 482, 483, 536-37, 545-48 — rising of March 18 — 292, 313, 319-26, 328, 343, 441-42, 445, 446, 449-50, 478, 482, 483, 507-09, 517, 524-25, 528, 530, 532-33, 536-37, 547-48, 585, 586, 616

— Central Committee of the National Guard as the first workers' government — 322-26, 328, 354-55, 445, 449-50, 483, 491-92, 500, 508-13, 525, 530, 533, 545-46, 586, 588, 616 — election of the Commune on March 26, 1871 — 326, 330-31, 481-82, 508-09, 512-13, 586, 588 — its democratic character — 332-34, 338-39, 350-51, 483, 485-86, 488-90, 538 — destruction of the old state machine and its replacement by the new one — 330-38, 474-75, 485-91, 493, 498, 533, 536-38, 547-48, 592 — electivity, revocability and responsibility of all functionaries of the Commune — 330-33, 335-38, 340, 474-75, 488-90, 537, 592 — replacement of the standing army by the National Guard — 330-31, 334, 474-75, 488-90, 537-38 — arming of the people — 311, 321, 323, 324, 330-31, 437, 438, 474-75, 481-83, 488, 498, 509-10, 516, 524-25, 536-37, 545-47, 585, 590-91 — destruction of the old judicial system — 330-32, 474-75, 493, 533, 537-38 — transformation of the police into a body responsible to the people— 330, 332, 337-38, 489, 490, 493, 536-37 — and universal suffrage — 330-33, 474-75, 489, 490, 537 — social measures in the interests of the working class and the non-proletarian working people— 339-40, 472-75, 499, 590-91 — socialist trend in its activity — 335-36, 338-40, 472, 486-87, 490-492, 496, 499-500 — financial measures — 337-40, 478-79, 491-92, 537-38, 592 — cutting down of the expenditures on administration ("cheap government")—330-31, 333-38, 490-91, 493, 592 — foreign policy of the Commune— 353-54, 475-76, 586 — reforms in education — 331-32, 337-38, 473-75, 490, 492-93, 496-97, 537-38 — and religion — 331-32, 337-41, 351-53, 400, 446-48, 473-79, 489,

492-93, 528, 537-38, 540-41, 563-64 — and the movement in provinces— 313, 333-34, 339-40, 343-46, 465-69, 480-82, 502, 517, 542-46, 591, 593 — heroism of the Communards, their honesty and modesty — 335-36, 340-44, 348-51, 438-39, 465-66, 504-05, 526, 530-31, 537-39, 553, 591 — women's participation in the revolution — 341-42, 350-51, 505, 631-32 — and the French sections of the International Association — 297, 354-55, 364, 381-82, 397, 427-28, 545-46, 561-62, 585, 586, 590, 591, 601, 622 — civil war as a form of class struggle — 316-17, 319, 322-23, 325-26, 336-39, 342-45, 350-54, 438, 440, 441, 451-54, 458-59, 477, 481, 490, 492-93, 496-97, 501, 524-25, 528, 530-33, 535, 539-40, 546-47, 549, 550 — struggle against the Versailles government — 326, 327, 339-45, 348-53, 447-50, 456-57, 462-64, 469-70, 476-79, 499, 509-10, 512-14, 530-31, 539-40, 588, 591, 593 — the Rural Assembly in Versailles — 319-23, 325-28, 330-31, 338-42, 344-49, 354-55, 441, 446-50, 458-59, 467-68, 491-92, 495-98, 503, 507-11, 517, 529, 531-32, 538-48, 585, 586, 590, 596, 629 — counter-revolutionary policy of the Thiers government — 315-17, 319, 322-23, 325-27, 330-31, 336-49, 351-55, 438, 440, 446-55, 462-71, 475-78, 481, 482, 490-95, 496-97, 501, 503, 508-13, 517, 519, 524-25, 528-32, 535, 538-47, 549, 550, 585, 588, 591-93, 595 — counter-revolutionary terror— 313, 324-28, 339-40, 342-43, 348-53, 356-58, 389-90, 398, 400-02, 440, 447-49, 457-58, 462-65, 469-71, 477-78, 497-98, 509-11, 528-33, 538-43, 591, 597, 631-32 — and the Versailles army — 317, 325-26, 341-44, 448-49, 452-53, 459-60, 465-69, 488-89, 506-07, 513-14, 539-44, 591 — and Prussian government's policy — 346-48, 352-54, 438, 449-53, 481, 483, 501, 531, 595 — and the ruling classes of Europe and the USA — 335-36, 355, 379-82, 386-87, 457-60, 524-26, 532-33 — ruling classes' slander campaign against the Commune and the International Association — 286-92, 313, 324-27, 331-32, 335-37, 349-53, 358, 364-67, 369-71, 375-80, 393-94, 398, 400, 446, 447, 449-50, 459-60, 463-67, 469-70, 474-76, 512-13, 517, 528, 530-31, 539-43, 552-53, 562-64, 585, 591-92, 597, 599, 601, 603-04 — and European bourgeois democracy — 367, 380, 386, 499-500 — and international proletariat, its movement of solidarity with the Commune — 338-39, 353-55, 415-17, 426-28, 486-87, 490-92, 545-46, 553-54, 562, 563, 595, 599, 610-12, 615, 620 — and the International Association — 292-93, 297, 354-55, 357-58, 361-73, 376-382, 415-17, 426-29, 453-54, 500, 545-46, 553-54, 562-65,585-86,588-93,595-97,601,634

— Marx's advice to the Commune— 388, 389, 396, 589-91 — Marx and Engels on the General Council's Address The Civil War in France— 367-68, 370, 372-73, 375-77, 386-87, 400, 562, 563, 592 — defeat of the Commune, its causes — 324-26, 399, 508, 512-14, 528-31, 547-48, 588, 615 — emigration of Paris Communards — 396, 428-29, 562-64 Parliament— 317-18, 329, 330, 332-33, 461, 484-86, 488-90, 519, 533, 535-36, 550 — use of bourgeois parliament by representatives of the working class — 273, 274, 278, 617 Party, political— 277, 483-84 Party, proletarian

— its nature, tasks, leading role— 278, 415-18, 427-28, 634 — in the period of the International Association — 47, 278 — organisational principles — 419 — its tactics, propaganda, agitation— 278, 415-18, 617 — resolution of the London Conference on founding independent proletarian parties in some countries — 415-18, 426-428, 520-21 Patriotic war of 1812 in Russia—200, 351-52 Patriotism—166-67, 199, 267-68, 480 — pseudo-patriotism — 264-68, 314, 316-17, 319-20, 338-39, 352-53, 437-38, 440, 458-59, 482, 501, 509-10 Peace

— struggle for peace, against militarism, wars of conquest and annexa-tions — 3, 6, 7, 261-62, 267-70, 272, 573, 574, 577-82, 617, 620, 634 Peasantry— 200, 238, 267-69, 330, 334, 336-37, 425-26, 459, 488, 492-95, 614, 630 People, the— 290, 332-33, 460-61, 463-64, 468-70, 488-89, 499, 535

— in the proletarian revolution— 335-37, 463-64, 482-84, 487-88, 498-99, 504-05, 536-37 Poland—79, 148-49, 264, 283, 339 Police, the— 328, 331, 337-38, 354, 370-

71, 490, 493, 497, 502, 504, 533, 534, 537, 548 Press,the— 274-76,291,414,416,418,586

— anti-democratic character of the official press in the exploiting society — 269-70, 336-37, 371, 438, 446, 498-99, 597

Prevision, prediction (Marx's and Engels'

predictions of social, political and historical phenomena and events)— 5, 260-61, 263, 267-68, 270 Private property— 315, 334-35, 439, 494-95, 504, 505, 523-25, 608, 634 Proudhonism, Proudhonists—297, 423, 429-30, 553, 562, 590 Prussia—481

— population — 97-98, 105, 149, 199 — feudalism and its survivals — 459 — and the French Revolution and Napoleonic wars — 104, 165-66, 199-202, 260, 265, 266, 458 — reforms of 1807-14 — 166, 199-202, 459 — in 1850s-1870s — 5-6 — political system — 5, 104-06, 166, 334, 459, 487 — religion and the church — 340 — foreign policy and diplomacy— 124-25, 272 — and Austria — 97 — and France — 5, 106, 267 — and Germany — 5, 11, 31, 59-60, 261, 299, 302-03, 316 — and Poland, its oppression — 149, 264 — and Russia — 281-82, 353 See also Army, Prussian Public opinion — 65, 199, 266-67, 272, 274, 285

R

Radicalism, radicals—633-34 Reformism— 372, 373, 376, 386, 610-11 Reform League (England, 1869)—615 Religion— 496, 537, 620 Republican movement—268, 278, 300, 315, 329, 341-44, 454-55, 460-61, 465-66, 469-70, 497, 498, 519-20, 522, 524, 527, 539, 549, 562, 577, 578, 580, 587, 605 Republic, bourgeois— 316, 329-30, 460-

62, 469, 484, 487, 493, 497, 516, 521, 533, 535, 539, 548-50, 577, 580, 587, 588, 605 Republic, proletarian— 331, 497, 499, 540, 548-50, 577, 580 See also Dictatorship of the proletariat Revolution— 329, 341, 416, 417, 481-88,

540 — and the state — 328, 329, 460, 483-88, 534-38, 547-50 — revolutionary initiative — 336-37, 498, 501, 526 Revolution, bourgeois and bourgeois-democratic— 322, 333, 460-61, 469, 484-86, 516, 526, 535, 547-50 Revolution, continuous

— proletarian revolution as its final stage — 335-36

Revolution of 1848 in France. Second Republic — February 1848 revolution — 315-16, 323, 329, 330, 456, 459-61, 505, 571-72, 634 — counter-revolutionary dictatorship of Cavaignac — 495-98, 521 — Second Republic, general characteristics — 329-30, 445, 460-61, 484, 487, 493, 497, 522, 523, 533, 534, 536, 549 — retaining and improvement of the old state machine — 329-30, 345, 484-86, 548-49 — National Assembly, its policy— 325, 330, 336, 461, 533, 571-72 — election of Louis Bonaparte President, enhancing of his personal power — 444, 493 — Legislative Assembly (from May 28, 1849), its politics — 442, 469 — events of June 13, 1849, defeat of petty-bourgeois democracy — 325, 444, 456, 496, 512 — universal suffrage, its abolition on May 31, 1850 — 330, 440, 469, 539 — and the National Guard — 496 — and the bourgeoisie — 329, 336, 460-62, 492, 493, 505, 522, 549 — and the working class — 330-31, 461, 522, 548-49, 571 — and the peasantry — 337, 493 — various monarchist groups — 319, 461, 522, 523, 549 — Party of Order — 316, 325, 329, 330, 338, 461-62, 468, 493, 497, 503, 521, 524, 533, 535, 549, 550 — and bourgeois republicans (the National Party)—329, 461 — Rome expedition — 315, 316, 325, 455, 462-63, 510-12, 521, 572, 610-11 Revolution of 1848-49 in Germany (uprising in the south-western Germany in May-June 1849)—95, 151, 165-66, 352 Revolution of 1848-49 in Hungary—95, 165, 225, 266 Revolution of 1848-49 in Italian states— 165, 315, 316, 325-26, 455, 462, 510-12, 520, 572, 611 Revolution, people's— 484, 487, 498, 505, 535, 548 Revolution, proletarian, socialist—416, 417, 427, 486, 491, 498, 525, 526; see also Dictatorship of the proletariat

— its historical necessity — 504, 540, 603 — its prerequisites — 335, 491, 499 — its radical difference from the bourgeois revolution — 486, 487, 498, 533 — its international character — 339, 460, 486, 490, 502, 540 — peaceful and violent ways of carrying it out — 576-77, 602, 603, 606, 618 — necessity of winning the army over to the side of the revolution — 488 — and national question — 501 Revolution, social— 277, 427, 452, 481,

486-87, 491, 496, 516, 524, 526, 540, 602 Russia— 7, 261, 266-67, 281-84, 301, 351, 575, 576, 577, 579, 583

S

Science—140, 298, 331-32, 335-36, 488-90, 494-98, 522-23, 537 Second Empire—see France. Second Empire Sectarianism— 335-36, 423, 429, 497-99, 618 See also London Conference (1871)— struggle against anarchist sectarianism, resolution on the Alliance of Socialist Democracy Sepoy mutiny—166, 352 Silesia—149 Slave-owning society—504, 505 Slavery— 491, 504 Socialism (theories and trends)

— doctrinal — 335-36 — petty-bourgeois socialism of Louis Blanc — 497, 598 — Utopian — 499, 618 — in France — 278 — in Germany — 278 Société des Saisons—444 Society of December 10—5

Spain—129, 143-44, 165, 173, 182, 254 State

— and society — 328-31, 333-34, 483-92, 498, 504, 533-38, 540, 547-51, 598 — its genesis — 328, 333, 483, 484, 533, 534 — formation of national states — 328, 331, 333, 483-85 — state machine — 328, 332, 461, 483-84, 486-87, 490, 493, 496, 498, 502, 504, 533-37, 547-48 — and religion — 332, 474, 490, 537, 547-48 — and classes, class struggle — 278, 329-30, 490, 496, 498, 533-36, 548, 550 — its withering away in communist society — 333, 490, 537 State, bourgeois— 278, 329-31, 483-90, 498, 533-38, 548-51 — its parasitical character — 333-34, 459, 484-85, 491, 493, 533-34, 538 — as an instrument of exploitation of working people — 278, 329-33, 459, 484-88, 490, 502, 548-50 — decay of the bourgeois state apparatus — 77, 330-31, 459, 486, 536, 550 — its various forms — 330-31, 333-34, 460, 486-87, 533-36, 550, 551 See also Monarchy; Republic, bourgeois State power, its class character—487, 534-35 — its origin — 328, 333, 483, 484, 533, 534 — as an instrument of the class domination of the bourgeoisie— 329-34, 484-88, 533-38, 548-51, 618 State, proletarian—see Communism (social formation); Dictatorship of the proletariat; Paris Commune of 1871; Republic, proletarian Strikes— 294-96, 442, 498, 602-03 Swindling— 330, 336, 536

T

Taxes, taxation— 329, 487-88, 537-38 Terror— 325, 329, 344, 348, 350-51, 461, 481, 497, 503, 511, 529, 531, 549 See also June 1848 uprising of the Paris proletariat—establishment of Cavaignac's military dictatorship, suppression of the uprising by the bourgeoisie; Paris Commune of 1871—counter-revolutionary terror Third Republic (France)—see France. Third Republic (after the defeat of the Paris Commune) Trade unions, trade-union movement— 279, 295, 428, 558, 603, 614, 615 See also England (Great Britain)— trade unions

U

United States of America, the—379-82, 536, 587, 618 See also Civil War in the USA, 1861-65; War of Independence in North America, 1775-83 Uprising, armed

— national, popular — 201, 341, 469, 485 — proletarian — 339, 386, 588

See also June 1848 uprising of the Paris proletariat; Paris Commune of 1871; Revolution, proletarian, socialist

V

Voltairianism—336, 460

W

War(s)

— general characteristics — 165, 193, 574, 583 — economic causes of their origin— 337-38, 492-93 — under feudalism — 330 — under capitalism — 319, 343, 492 — and politics — 3, 265-66, 495, 576, 577 — consequences of wars, their influence on economic and social development — 496-97, 574 — and revolution and revolutionary movement — 261

— and foreign policy of the working class — see Working class—struggle for peace, against militarism, wars of conquest and annexations — revolutionary — 350 — national liberation — 97, 129, 353 — guerrilla warfare — 137, 164, 165, 173, 182, 188, 195, 199-201, 254 — defensive — 6, 126, 214, 264 — of conquest — 3, 6, 106, 126, 195, 214-15, 266 — local, localised — 267 — laws (rules) of warfare — 132-33, 164, 199 — threat of war in the last third of the 19th cent.—261, 267, 577, 583 — elimination of wars in communist society — 7 See also Anglo-Franco-Chinese war of 1856-60; Austro-Italo-French war of 1859; Austro-Prussian war of 1866; Civil War in the USA, 1861-65; Crimean war of 1853-56; Danish war of 1864; Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71; Napoleonic wars; Patriotic war of 1812 in Russia; War of Independence in North America, 1775-83; Wars of the First French Republic

War of Independence in North America, 1775-83 — 165-66

Wars of the First French Republic (end of the 18th-beginning of the 19th cent.)—35, 47, 65, 265, 266, 269 Women's question and women's movement— 341, 350, 424, 567 Working class

— its world historic mission — 335, 486, 499, 590, 601-03 — historical necessity of turning it into the ruling class — 335, 416, 417, 426-27, 494, 601-02 — development of its class consciousness — 335, 499, 505 — as a leading class, expressing the interests of all people — 335-36, 486, 495, 496, 591 — and the peasantry — 337-38, 426, 488, 493-95 — and the petty urban bourgeoisie— 336, 486, 496, 591 — struggle for peace, against militarism, wars of conquest and annexa-tions — 3, 6, 7, 261-62, 268-70, 272, 573-84, 619-20 Working class in England—573, 574, 578-81, 602, 617, 620, 634 Working class in France

— during the revolution of 1848 and the Second Republic — 330-31, 461, 522, 548-49, 571, 634 — during the Second Empire — 4, 5, 330, 331, 486, 536, 550, 556, 601; see also Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71—and the French working class — during the Third Republic — 269-70, 311, 321, 437-38, 451, 481, 515-16, 526-27, 532, 547

Working class in Germany—267, 268, 577, 578, 582, 602, 619, 620; see also Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71—and the German working class Working class in Ireland—620 Working-class movement

— its immediate and ultimate aims— 278, 416, 417, 426-27, 491, 494, 498-500, 601-03 — struggle for the emancipation of the working class — 3, 275, 278, 426, 460, 461, 500, 534, 595, 602, 633-34 — significance of its unity — 278, 427, 602-03 — its origin and conditions of development — 494, 499 — stages of its development — 277-78, 498 — necessity to unite the economic and political struggle of the working class — 426-27, 601-02 — and the revolutionary theory— 277, 499-500, 605

— internationalism as its essential feature — 3, 268, 278, 421, 430, 501, 602, 603, 614 — struggle for democratic demands — 278, 415, 417-18, 587, 617 — struggle for the elimination of national oppression — 267-68 — combination of legal and illegal forms of political struggle — 278, 600-02 See also Class struggle; International Working Men's Association; Party, proletarian Working-class movement in England— 269, 573-74, 577 See also International Working Men's Association in England Working-class movement in Germany— 261-62; see also Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71 — and the Paris Commune — 599, 620 See also International Working Men's Association in Germany Working-class movement in the USA— 554, 560, 587, 589, 590, 606, 614-15 See also International Working Men's Association in the USA Working-class and socialist movement in

France— 443, 497, 554, 558 — between the revolution of September 4, 1870 and the Paris Commune — 324, 437-38, 445, 481, 527, 590 — during the Paris Commune — see Paris Commune of 1871 See also International Working Men's Association in France Working-class and socialist movement in Italy— 621 See also International Working Men's Association in Italy