Name Index
A
Abd-el-Kader (1808-1883) —Emir of Algeria, one of the Arab leaders in the national liberation wars of 1832-47 in Morocco and Algeria against the French conquerors.— 469, 470, 471 Abd-ur-Rahman II (c. 1790-1859) —Emperor of Morocco (1822-59).—471 Abyberg, Johann Theodor (1795-1869) — leader of the Conservative Party in the Swiss canton of Schwyz.— 368 Ackersdijk, Jan (1790-1861) —Dutch economist, professor in Utrecht.— 286 Addison, Joseph (1672-1719) — English essayist and politician.— 252 Albert (pseudonym of Martin, Alexandre) (1815-1895) — French worker, member of secret revolutionary societies during the July monarchy, member of the Provisional Government (1848)..—558 Albert, Prince Consort of Queen Victoria (1819-1861).—414 Alembert, Jean Le Rond d' (1717-1783) — French philosopher and mathematician, Encyclopaedist and leading figure of the French Enlightenment of the 18th century.—399, 410
Alexander I (1777-1825) — Russian emperor (1801-25).—26, 622 Allard — French democrat, emigrated to
Belgium in 1840s for political reasons.— 568 Anders, Albert August — German journalist, emigrated to London, member of the Communist League and its plenipotentiary emissary to Norway and Sweden in June 1847.— 604
Anderson, Adam (c. 1692-1765) — Scottish economist, author of a treatise on the history of commerce.— 116 Antinous (d. 130 A.D.) — favourite of the Roman Emperor Hadrian (117-138), a youth of matchless beauty.— 371
Arago, Etienne Vincent (1802-1892) — French author, democrat, member of the Provisional Government in 1848.— 387, 395, 397 Arago, François Victor Emmanuel (1812-1896) — French politician, republican.— 401 Ariosto, Lodovico (1474-1533) — Italian poet of the Renaissance.— 324 Arkwright, Sir Richard (1732-1792) — English industrialist, invented the cotton spinning machine named after him.— 188 Arnott, John — a Chartist.— 391, 616, 622 Arnstein und Eskeles — representative of a banking firm, founded by Arnstein, Adam Isaak (1715-1785) and Eskeles, 533 Asher, Karl Wilhelm (1798-1864) —German lawyer and economist.— 286 Atkinson, William — English economist of the 1830s-50s, protectionist.— 137, 415 Aumale, Henri Eugene Philippe Louis
d'Orléans, duc d' (1822-1897) — son of Louis Philippe, king of the French, participated in the campaigns in Algeria in the 1840s as a general.— 470-71
B
Babbage, Charles (1792-1871) —English mathematician, mechanician and economist.— 186, 420 Babeuf, François Noël (Gracchus) (1760-1797) — French revolutionary, advocate of Utopian egalitarian communism, organiser of the conspiracy of "equals".—5, 6, 11, 321, 514, 576 Balliu, Felix (b. 1802) — Belgian democrat, treasurer of the Brussels Democratic Association.— 646 Barbaroux, Charles Jean Marie (1767-1794) — participant in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Girondist.— 10, 335 Barrot, Camille Hyacinthe Odilon (1791-1873)—French lawyer, leader of the liberal dynastic opposition during the July monarchy.—62, 216, 376, 378, 382, 385-87, 406, 439, 442, 443, 556. Bartels, Adolphe (1802-1862) —Belgian publicist, democrat ; editor of the newspaper Le Débat social from 1844 to 1846.—402, 403 Bartels, Jules Théodore (1815-1855) — Belgian lawyer and publicist, liberal.— 274 Bastiat, Frédéric (1801-1850)—French economist and politician.— 276, 283 BattailU, Arnold (d. 1858) —Belgian worker, participant in "the working-class movement, vice-secretary of the
646 Bandeau, Nicolas (1730-1792) — French abbot, economist, follower of the Physiocrats.— 162 Bauer, Bruno (1809-1882) —German philosopher, Young Hegelian.— 73 Bauer, Heinrich (b. 1813) — prominent figure in the German and international working-class movement, a leader of the League of the Just, member of the Central Authority of the Communist League, a shoemaker by trade.— 614-15, 654, 658 Beaumont de la Bonninière, Gustave Auguste de (1802-1866) — French liberal journalist and politician, author of works on slavery in the United States.— 378, 382 Beck, Karl Isidor (1817-1879) — German poet, in the mid-1840s "true socialist".— 235-48 Becquet—head of the passport office of Public Security in Belgium.— 653
Bentham, Jeremy (1748-1832) — English sociologist, theoretician of "utilitarian-ism".— 277
Béranger, Pierre Jean de (1780-1857) — French poet and song writer, author of political satires, democrat.— 395, 646 Bernard, H.—a Frenchman, emigrated to London, represented France in the committee of the Fraternal Democrats society in London.— 467 Berrier-Fontaine, Camille (born c. 1806) — French physician, democrat.— 11, 13 Billault, Adolphe Augustin Marie (1805-1863) — French politician, moderate monarchist, subsequently a Bonapar-tist.— 558 Blanc, Jean Joseph Louis (1811-1882) — French petty-bourgeois socialist, historian.—13, 381, 387, 397-400, 409-11,518,630 Blanqui, Jérôme-Adolphe (1798-1854) — French vulgar political economist.— 125, 252, 277, 278, 282 1849) — English writer with liberal leanings.— 59 Blum, P.—represented Russia on the committee of the Fraternal Democrats society in London in 1847-48.— 467 Boisguillebert, Pierre Le Pesant, sieur de
(1646-1714) — French economist, predecessor of the Physiocrats, founder of classical bourgeois political economy in France.—137, 151 Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, 1st Viscount (1678-1751) — English deist philosopher, politician.— 399, 410 Bonald, Louis Gabriel Ambroise, Vicomte de
(1754-1840) — French politician and journalist, ideologist of the reactionary aristocracy and monarch-ists during the Restoration.— 546 Born, Stephan (real name Buttermilch,
Simon) (1824-1898) —German type-setter, member of the Communist League; leaned towards reformism during the 1848-49 Revolution.— 306, 340, 609, 610, 654, 656 Börne, Ludwig (1786-1837) —German critic and writer.—41, 259, 273 Bornstedt, Adalbert von (1808-1851) — German journalist, founder and editor of the Deutsche-Brüsseler-Zeitung (1847-48), a leader of the German Democratic Society, member of the Communist League, expelled from the League in March 1848; agent provocateur of the Prussian police in the 1840s.— 626 Bourbon — French dynasty (1589-1792, 1814-1815, 1815-1830).— 372 Bowring, Sir John (1792-1872) — English politician, linguist and man of letters, follower of Bentham, a Free Trader.— 277, 282, 283, 285-87, 384, 416, 422, 450, 455, 458, 460-61, 622 Bray, John Francis (1809-1897) — English economist, Utopian socialist, follower of Robert Owen, developed the theory of "labour money"; printer by trade.—138-42, 144, 421 Bright, John (1811-1889) — English
24*
founder of the Anti-Corn Law League.—285, 450, 525-26 Brouckere, Charles de (1796-1860) — Belgian economist, participant in the 1830-31 revolution in Belgium; Minister of Finance (1830-31); Minister of the Interior and War (1831-35); Free Trader, professor at Brussels University.— 287 Brown, Sir William, Bart. (1784-1864) — English merchant and banker, Free Trader.— 282-83 Brunswick (Braunschweig), Karl Wilhelm
Ferdinand, Duke of (1735-1806) — Prussian general, participated in the wars against revolutionary and Napoleonic France.— 9 Bûchez, Philippe Joseph Benjamin (1796-1865) — French politician and historian, Christian socialist.— 253, 263 Buchfink — member of the Communist League in Paris.— 654 Bugeaud de la Piconnerie, Thomas Robert, Due d'Isly (1784-1849) —French marshal from 1843, Orleanist, during the July monarchy an organiser of the wars of conquest in Algeria and Morocco, in 1841-47, governor-general of Algiers.— 471 Buonarroti, Filippo Michèle (1761-1837) — Italian revolutionary, Utopian communist, a leader of the revolutionary movement in France in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Babeufs comrade-in-arms.—11, 321 German teacher and linguist, author of books for children and adoles-cents.— 336 Camphausen, Ludolf (1803-1890) — German banker, a leader of the Rhenish liberal bourgeoisie; Prime Minister of Prussia from March to June of 1848.— 333 Carlyle, Thomas (1795-1881) —British writer, historian, philosopher, Tory; preached views bordering on feudal socialism up to 1848; later relentless opponent of the working-class movement.— 10, 416 Carnot, Lazare Hippolyte (1801-1888) — French writer and politician.— 406, 443 Carnot, Lazare Nicolas (1753-1823) — French mathematician, political and military figure in the French Revolution, Jacobin; took part in the Thermidor coup in 1794.— 443 Carrel, Armand (1800-1836) — French journalist, moderate republican, a founder and editor of the newspaper Le National.— 214 Catherine II (1729-1796) — Russian em-press (1762-96).— 622 Charles I (1600-1649) — King of Great Britain and Ireland (1625-49), executed during the English revolution of the 17th century.— 233, 474
Charles II (1630-1685) — King of Great Britain and Ireland (1660-85).— 206
Charles V (1500-1558) — Holy Roman Emperor (151-9-56) and King of Spain as Charles I (1516-55).— 16 Charles X (1757-1836) — King of France (1824-30).—371
Charles Albert (Carlo Alberto) (1798-1849) —King of Sardinia (1831-49).— 522,541 Caritat, Marquis de (1743-1794) — French sociologist, Enlightener, participant in the French Revolution, Girondist.— 10 Constancio, Francisco Solano (1772-1846) — Portuguese physician, diplomat and writer, translated works of English economists into French.— 114,121 Conze, Alexander — German emigrant to the USA.—42, 50 Cooper, Thomas ( 1759-1840) — American economist and politician.— 153, 323 Cooper, Thomas (1805-1892) — English poet and journalist, a Chartist in the early 1840s, subsequently a non-conformist lay-preacher.— 8, 59 Couthon, Georges (1755-1794) — participant in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Jacobin, adherent of Robespierre.— 10 Crassier de—Chief Secretary of the Ministry of Justice of Belgium.— 650 Cubières, Amédée-Louis-Despans de (1786-1853) — French general, Orleanist, War Minister in 1839 and 1840, de-graded in 1847 for bribery and shady dealings.— 213
D
Dahlmann, Friedrich Christoph (1785-1860) — German liberal historian and politician.— 222, 520
Daire, Louis François Eugène (1798-1847) — French economist, publisher of works on political economy.— 137,152 Dairnvaell, G. M.— French worker, author of the pamphlet Histoire édifiante et curieuse de Rothschild l-er, roi des juifs.— 62 Cgmmunist League, emissary to Holland in the autumn of 1847.— 603, 608
Drouyn de Lhuys, Edouard ( 1805-1881) — French politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs (1848-49, 1851, 1852-55, 1862-66).— 378 Droz, François Xavier Joseph (1773-1850)
— French historian, philosopher and economist.— 125 Duchateau—French industrialist, protectionist.—277, 283 Duchâtel, Charles Marie Tanneguy, comte
(1803-1867) — French statesman, Orleanist, Minister of Trade (1834-36), Minister of the Interior (1839 and from 1840 till February 1848).—61, 213-19, 238, 365, 556, 565 Duesberg, Franz von (1793-1872) — Prussian Minister of Finance (1846-March 1848).— 230 Dumas, Jean Baptiste André (1800-1884)
— French chemist.— 251 Duncombe, Thomas Slingsby (1796-1861) — English politician, radical, participated in the Chartist movement in the 1840s.— 13, 213, 285, 414
Dunoyer, Barthélémy Charles Pierre Joseph (1786-1862) — French economist and politician.— 132, 278, 282
Dupin, André Marie Jacques (1783-1865) — French lawyer, politician; Orleanist.— 470 Dupont de l'Eure, Jacques Charles (1767-1855) — French politician, liberal, participant in the French revolutions of the 18th century and 1830; was close to the moderate republicans in the 1840s, President of the Council of Ministers in the Provisional Government in 1848.— 401, 558 Duquesnoy, Ernest Dominique François Joseph (1749-1795) — participant in the French Revolution, Jacobin.— 11 Duroy, Jean Michel (1753-1795) — participant in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Jacobin.— 11
1881) — French liberal politician and journalist.—376, 439
E
Edmonds, Thomas Rowe (1803-1889) — English economist, Utopian socialist, drew socialist conclusions from Ricardo's theory.— 138 Eichhorn, Johann Albrecht Friedrich (1779-1856) — Prussian statesman, Minister of Worship, Education and Medicine (1840-48).— 222, 233 Ellis, William—Chartist, was sentenced on August 6, 1842, to 20 years' deportation to Australia for participation in workers' disturbances.— 13 Engels, Frederick (1820-1895) — 8 , 14, 32, 35, 55, 56, 60, 70, 73, 274, 278, 310, 314-19, 330, 335-36, 338, 380, 385, 388, 391, 392, 414, 482, 563, 592, 609, 620, 621, 632, 644, 652 Engler—member of the Communist League in Paris.— 654 Epps, John (1805-1869) — English physician and public figure, radical.— 361-63 Eskeles — see Arnstein und Eskeles. Etrich, L.— member of the German Workers' Club in Paris founded in March 1848.— 658 Ewart, William ( 1798-1869) — English politician, Free Trader.— 277, 282, 283
F
Faider, Victor—Belgian lawyer and politician, moderate democrat.— 274-75 Faraday, Michael (1791-1867) — English scientist, physicist and chemist.— 251 Faucher, Léon ( 1803-1854) — French journalist, politician, moderate liberal.— 207 Ferdinand I (1793-1875) —Emperor of Austria (1835-48).—26, 366, 532, 553 Ferdinand II (1810-1859) —King of the Two Sicilies (1830-59).—372,523, 541 Ferguson, Adam (1723-1816) —Scottish historian, philosopher and sociologist.—181 Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas ( 1804-1872)— German materialist philosopher.— 73, 249, 256, 258, 292, 293
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb (1762-1814) — German classical philosopher of the late 18th century-early 19th century.—17
Fischer, F.— member of the Communist League in Brussels.— 652 Flocon, Ferdinand (1800-1866) — French politician and journalist, democrat, an editor of the newspaper La Réforme.— 385, 386, 387, 397, 400, 438, 442, 558, 649 Florian, Jean Pierre Claris de (1755-1794) — French fabulist and dramatist, author of a poem about William Tell.—368 Folien, August Adolf Ludwig (1794-1855) — German journalist and poet, participated in the war against Napoleonic France, was close to the student movement after 1815.— 554 Fontaine — see Berrier-Fontaine, Camille Forsell, Carl Daniel—member of the Communist League in Sweden.— 605 Forster, Johann Georg (1754-1794) — German democratic writer, founder of the Jacobin Club in Mainz, member of government of the Mainz Republic of 1792; emigrated to France where he took part in revolutionary events.— 27 Fould, Achille (1800-1867) —French banker and politician, Orleanist, subsequently Bonapartist.— 61, 375 Fourier, François Marie Charles (1772-1837) — French Utopian socialist.— 256, 514, 516, 517, 576 Franz (Francis) 7(1768-1835) — Emperor of Austria (1804-35), the last emperor of the Holy Roman Empire known as Franz II (1792-1806).—21, 530, 532, 534, 535 Frederick VII (Frederik Carl Christian VII)
(1808-1863) —King of Denmark (1848-63) — 542, Frederick William II (1744-1797) — King of Prussia (1786-97).— 264 Frederick William III (1770-1840)— King of Prussia (1797-1840).—23, 26, 27, 31, 64 Frederick William IV ( 1795-1861 ) — King of Prussia (1840-61).— 23, 52, 55, 57, 64, 65, 69, 71, 92, 93, 232, 233, 333, 521, 522, 526, 542 Freiligrath, Ferdinand (1810-1876) — German romantic and later revolutionary poet, member of the Communist League.— 292 Fröbel, Julius (1805-1893) —German radical writer and publisher of progressive literature.— 298 Frost, John (1784-1877) —English radical; joined the Chartist movement in 1838, sentenced to deportation for life to Australia for organising a miners' uprising in Wales in 1839, was par-doned in 1856 and returned to England.—13 Fulchiron, Jean .Claude (1774-1859) — French big capitalist and conservative politician.— 365, 375 Fussel, John A.— a Chartist leader in Birmingham.— 473
G
Garnier-Pagès, Etienne Joseph Louis (1801-1841)—French politician, headed the republican opposition after the revolution of 1830, brother of Gamier-Pages, Louis Antoine.— 440 Garnier-Pagès, Louis Antoine (1803-1878) — French politician, moderate republican, in 1848 member of the Provisional Government.— 406, 438, 439, 442, 443, 558 Gérard, Etienne Maurice, comte (1773-1852) — Marshal of France and statesman, Orleanist.— 557 Gervinus, Georg Gottfried (1805-1871) — German historian, liberal.— 222 Gescheidtle, Karl — a German worker from Baden, emigrated to the USA.— 49 poet and artist.— 318
Gigot, Philippe Charles (1819-1860)— participant in the Belgian working-class and democratic movement, member of the Communist League, close to Marx and Engels in the 1840s.— 35, 55, 56, 60, 562, 565, 601, 652
Girardin, Alexandre, comte de (1776-1855) — French general, father of Emile de Girardin.— 215
Girardin, Emile de ( 1806-1881 ) —French journalist and politician, editor of La Presse; lacked principles in politics; in 1847 opposed the Guizot Government.— 213-16, 375, 439 Glass — a house-owner in Paris.— 658 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832) —German poet.—17, 249-52, 255-73, 316
Graham, Sir James Robert George (1792-1861) —English statesman, a Whig at the beginning of his political career; later supported Peel; Home Secretary (1841-46) in Peel's Cabinet.— 33,213,217 Greg, William Rathbone (1809-1881) — English manufacturer and journalist, a Free Trader.— 454, 455, 464 Grün, Karl Theodor Ferdinand (pen name Ernst von der Haide) (1817-1887) — German writer, became a "true socialist" in the mid-1840s.— 72-74, 250-58, 260-73, 300, 338, 513, 590-93, 605, 609, 610 Guasco, Charles Theodore de (b. 1812) — member of the Belgian democratic and working-class movement; a joiner by trade.—562 Gudin, Charles Gabriel César (1798-1874) — adjutant of Louis Philippe; from 1846 Marshal of France; was dismissed from his post in 1847 for swindling.— 213
Guizot, François Pierre Guillaume (1787-1874) — French historian and statesman; from 1840 up to the February revolution of 1848 actually directed the foreign and domestic policy of
438-40, 468, 469, 472, 481, 521, 538, 539, 546, 556-58, 618 Gülich, Gustav von (1791-1847) — German historian and economist; protectionist.— 279, 280, 573
H
Hansemann, David Justus (1790-1864) — German capitalist, one of the leaders of Rhenish liberal bourgeoisie; Minister of Finance of Prussia from March to September 1848.— 333 Harcourt, François Eugène Gabriel, duc d'
(1786-1865) — French politician and diplomat, liberal, advocate of Free Trade.— 287 Hardenberg, Karl August von, Prince (1750-1822) — Prussian statesman, Minister of Foreign Affairs (1804-06, 1807), Chancellor (1810), one of the sponsors of moderate reforms, supported the policy of the Holy Alliance after 1815.— 23 Harney, George Julian (1817-1897) — prominent figure in the English labour movement, a leader of the Chartist Left wing.—8-11. 13, 308, 363, 392, 413, 414, 466, 467, 473, 474-75, 486, 619, 621, 647 Harring, Harro Paul (1798-1870)— German writer, radical, emigrated in 1828 and lived in various countries of Europe and America, including the USA.— 46, 47, 50 Harvey, William (1578-1657) — English physician, one of the founders of scientific physiology, discovered the circulation of the blood.— 194 Haussy de — Belgian Minister of Justice in 1848.— 650 Haxthausen, August Franz Ludwig Maria,
Freiherr von (1792-1866) — Prussian official and economist, author of Studien über die innern Zustände des Volkslebens, und insbesondere die ländlichen Einrichtungen Russlands.— 482 Hébert, Michel Pierre Alexis (1799-1887)
leanist, Minister of Justice (1847-February 1848).— 217, 556 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770-1831) — German classical philosopher.—4, 17, 161, 164-68, 169, 254, 256, 258, 265, 270, 292, 317
Heilberg, Louis (Lazarus) (b. 1818) — German journalist, emigrated to Brussels, member of the Brussels Communist Correspondence Committee in 1846.— 35 Heine, Heinrich (1797-1856) — German revolutionary poet.— 244 Heinrich LXXII (1797-1853) —sovereign of the German principality Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf (1822-48).— 339 Heimen, Karl (1809-1880) — German journalist, Radical.— 291-306, 312-22, 324-26, 328, 330-40, 610, 611 Henri, Joseph (b. about 1795) — French merchant; attempted on Louis Philippe's life on July 29, 1846, and was sentenced to penal servitude for life.—61
Hermann — member of the Communist League, member of the German Workers' Club in Paris founded in March 1848.— 654, 655, 658 Hess, Moses (1812-1875) — German radical journalist, one of the main representatives of "true socialism" in the mid-1840s.— 256, 626 Hilditch, Richard — English economist in the mid-19th century.— 203 Hobbes, Thomas (1588-1679) —English philosopher.— 233 Hobhouse, John Cam, Baron Broughton de
Gyfford (1786-1869) — British statesman, liberal.— 58 Hobson, Joshua — English journalist, Chartist.— 8 Hodgskin, Thomas ( 1787-1869) — English economist and journalist, Utopian socialist, drew socialist conclusions from the Ricardian theory.— 138
Hody, Alexis Guillaume, baron (1807-1880) — chief of the secret police in
Brussels in the 1840s.—567, 568, 581 Hofer, Andreas (1767-1810) — leader ol guerrilla warfare against the French army in Tirol in 1809.—26 Höger, Wilhelm—member of the Communist League in Paris.— 654 Holbach, Paul Henri Dietrich, baron d' (1723-1789) — French philosopher of the Enlightenment, atheist.— 251, 254, 255 Holm, Peter—Danish socialist; in 1847-48 member of the committee of the Fraternal Democrats society, secretary for Scandinavia.— 467
Homer— semi-legendary Greek epic poet.—314, 315 Hope, George (1811-1876) — English farmer, Free Trader.— 454, 464 Home—member of the Communist League and German Workers' Society in Paris.— 654 Hornschuh—member of the League of the Just, Weitlingian.— 611-12 Huskisson, William (1770-1830) — British statesman, Tory, Secretary of the Board of Trade (1823-27).—209
I
Iff land, August Wilhelm (1759-1814) — German actor, dramatist and theatri-cal manager.— 247 Imbert, Jacques (1793-1851) —French journalist, democrat and socialist, participant of the July revolution of 1830; in 1847 vice-president of the Brussels Democratic Association.— 618, 626 Itzstein, Johann Adam von (1775-1855) — German statesman, a leader of the liberal opposition in the Baden Diet.— 265
J
Jackson, Charles Thomas (1805-1880) — American physician, chemist, discovered anaesthetic effect of ether.— 260 Jacoby, Johann (1805-1877) —German radical journalist and politician, physician, was close to the Social-Democrats in the 1870s.— 297 Jefferson, Thomas (1743-1826) —US statesman and author, Enlightener, ideologist of democratic circles during the War of Independence, President of the USA (1801-09).— 325 Jerrold, Douglas William (1803-1857) — English author, dramatist and wit.— 59 Jones, Ernest Charles (1819-1869) —a leading figure in the English working-class movement, proletarian poet and journalist, a leader of the Left Chartists, friend of Marx and Engels.—13, 362, 391, 413, 467, 473, 616, 617 Joseph II (1741-1790) — German Emperor (1765-90).—293, 330 Jottrand, Lucien Leopold (1804-1877) — Belgian lawyer and journalist, democrat; in 1847 President of the Brussels Democratic Association.— 561, 565, 618, 626, 642, 646 Junge, Adolf Friedrich — German worker, member of the League of the Just and the Communist League; emigrated to America early in 1848.— 601 Juvenal (Decimus Junius Juvenalis) (b. c. 60 A.D.-d. after 127) —Roman sa-tirist and poet.—131
K
Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804) — German
philosopher.— 17, 182, 259 Keen, Charles — Chartist, a leader of the
Fraternal Democrats society.— 392, 413, 467, 473, 620 Kleist, Bernd Heinrich Wilhelm von (1777-
1811). — German romantic poet and dramatist.— 242 Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb ( 1724-1803) — German poet, representative of the German Enlightenment.— 256 Koch, Heinrich (1800-1879) — German Utopian Communist, emigrated to the USA, published several radical and atheist newspapers, Der Antipfaff among them.— 48, 50
berg.— 5
Konstantin Pavlovich (Constantine) (1779-1831) — Russian grand duke, brother of Emperor Nicholas I, army com-mander-in-chief in Warsaw and actually viceroy of the Kingdom of Poland from 1814.—617 Köttgen, Gustav Adolf ( 1805-1882) — German artist and poet; took part in the working-class movement in the 1840s, was close to "true socialism".— 54, 55 Kotzebue, August Friedrich Ferdinand von (1761-1819) —German writer and journalist, extreme monarchist.— 247 Krell, H. (from Lucerne) — member of the Fraternal Democrats society in London, secretary for Switzerland.— 467 Kriege, Hermann (1820-1850)—German journalist, "true socialist", founder and editor of the New York emigrant newspaper Der Volks-Tribun.— 37, 39-51, 593 Kuhlmann, Georg (b. 1812) — agent provocateur of the Austrian government; preached "true socialism" in the 1840s among the German Weitlingian artisans in Switzerland, using religious terminology and passing himself off as a "prophet".— 594
L
Labiaux, J. L.— Belgian commercial traveller, democrat, member of the Brussels Democratic Association.— 646 Lacave-Laplagne, Jean Pierre Joseph (1795-1849) — French Minister of Finance in 1837-39, 1842-47.—470 La Fayette, Marie Joseph Paul Ives Roch
Gilbert Motier, marquis de (1757-1834) — prominent figure in the French Revolution, one of the leaders of the moderate constitutionalists (Feuillants); subsequently participated in the July revolution of 1830.— 9 Laffitte, Jacques (1767-1844) —French banker and liberal politician, Prime monarchy.—31,61,238 Lagentie de Lavaïsse—translator of English authors, Lauderdale in particular, into French.—114 Lally-Tollendal, Trophime Gerard, marquis
de (1751-1830)—French politician, during the French Revolution belonged to a group of moderate royalists in the Constituent Assembly.— 333 Lamartine, Alphonse Marie Louis de (1790-1869) — French poet, historian and politician; one of the leaders of the moderate republicans in the 1840s; Minister of Foreign Affairs and de facto head of the Provisional Government in 1848.— 364-66, 395, 404,405, 558 Lamennais, Hugues Félicité Robert de (1782-1854) —French abbot, writer, Christian socialist.— 41, 49,401 La Sagra, Ramon de ( 1798-1871 ) — Spanish economist, historian and naturalist; liberal.— 282 Lassalle, Ferdinand (1825-1864) — German writer and lawyer, petty-bourgeois socialist, founder of the General Association of German Workers (1863), a founder of the opportunist trend in German Social-Democracy.—125
Lauderdale, James Maitland, 8th Earl of (1759-1839) —British politician and economist, criticised Adam Smith's theory from the viewpoint of vulgar political economy.— 114, 123, 156-57 Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre Auguste (1807-1874) — French writer and politician, a petty-bourgeois democratic leader, editor of the newspaper La Réforme; in 1848, Minister of the Interior in the Provisional Government.— 385, 386, 387, 393, 395, 397, 400, 438, 441-43, 518,568 Le Hardy de Beaulieu, Jean Charles Marie Joseph (1816-1871) —Belgian economist, professor of mineralogy; Free Trader.—274,539 Lelewel, Joachim (1786-1861) — Polish his-
in the Polish insurrection of 1830-31, a leader of the democratic wing of the Polish emigrants in 1847-48, a Committee member of the Brussels Democratic Association.— 551, 618-20, 626, 644, 646 Lemontey, Pierre Edouard (1762-1826) — French historian and economist.— 180,190 Leopold I (1790-1865) —King of the Belgians (1831-65).—564, 565, 567-70, 650 Leopold II (1797-1870) —Grand Duke of Tuscany (1824-59).—522 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim (1729-1781) — German writer, dramatist, critic and philosopher; early Enlightener.— 256, 257 Leverrier, Urbain Jean Joseph (1811-1877) —French astronomer.—260 Liebig, Justus von, baron (1803-1873) — German scientist, agrochemist.— 251
List, Friedrich (1789-1846) —German economist, adherent of protectionism.—279, 280, 287, 324, 573 Louis XI (1423-1483) —King of France
(1461-83).—398, 400, 410, 411 Louis XIV (1638-1715) — King of France
(1643-1715).—151,271 Louis XV (1710-1774) —King of France
(1715-74).—161,219 Louis XVI (1754-1793) — King of France
(1774-92), guillotined during the French Revolution.—9, 232-34, 333, 371 Louis Philippe I (1773-1850) —Duke of
Orleans, King of the French (1830-•48).—62, 213, 215, 219, 238, 376-78, 386-87, 397, 400, 411, 438, 472, 530, 557,618 Lubliner, Ludwik Ozeasz (1809-1868) — Polish revolutionary, emigrated to Brussels; a lawyer by profession.— 644 Lucas, T.— democrat, participant in the international meeting on November 29, 1847 in London to mark the 17th anniversary of the Polish insurrection of 1830.—619 B.C.) — Roman philosopher and poet.—166
Ludwig (Louis) I (1786-1868) —King of Bavaria (1825-48).—236, 243, 257
Ludwig (Louis) 1 (1753-1829) —Land-grave of Hesse-Darmstadt; from 1806 to 1829 — Grand Duke of Hesse and Rhein.— 25
Luneau, Sébastien (1800-1880) —French politician, member of the Chamber of Deputies in 1831 -48.— 470 Luntberg, J.— member of the Fraternal Democrats society, secretary for Scandinavia.— 467
M
Mably, Gabriel Bonnot de (1709-1785) — French sociologist, representative of Utopian egalitarian communism.— 334 MacAdam — secretary of the royal society for the improvement of flax-growing in Ireland, Free Trader.— 286 MacCulloch, John Ramsay (1789-1864) — British economist who vulgarised David Ricardo's theories.— 252,416 MacGrath, Philip—Chartist, member of the Executive Committee of the National Chartist Association.— 362 Maistre, Joseph Marie, comte de (1753-1821) — French writer, monarchist, an ideologist of aristocratic and clerical reaction.— 546 Malouet, Pierre Victor, baron (1740-1814) — French politician, during the French Revolution belonged to the group of moderate royalists in the Constituent Assembly.— 333 Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766-1834) — English clergyman, economist, founder of the misanthropic theory of population.—290,426,428 Marat, Jean Paul ( 1743-1793) — a Jacobin leader in the French Revolution.— 6, 11,386 Marie de Saint-Georges, Alexandre Thomas (1795-1870)—a French lawyer and
can, in 1848 member of the Provisional Government.—378, 387 Marie Louise (1791-1847) — daughter of Francis I of Austria; was married to Napoleon I in 1810.—21 Marrast, Armand (1801-1852) —French journalist and politician, leader of moderate republicans, editor of Le National; in 1848 member of the Provisional Government and Mayor of Paris.—558 Marx, Edgar (1847-1855) —Karl Marx's son.— 562 Marx, Jenny (née von Westphalen) (1814-1881) —Karl Marx's wife.—562, 565-66 Marx, Jenny (1844-1883) —Karl Marx's eldest daughter.— 562 Mane, Karl (1818-1883) — 34-37, 55, 56, 60,72-74,125, 287,298,300,331,391, 560-62, 565-66, 601, 618-19, 626, 639, 642-44,646,649-58 Marx, Laura (1845-1911) —Karl Marx's second daughter.— 562 Masaniello, properly Tommaso Anielb (1620-1647) —an Italian fisherman; leader of the popular anti-feudal revolt in July 1647 against the Spanish Viceroy of Naples.— 395 Maurer, Georg Ludwig (1790-1872) — German historian, studied the social system of ancient and medieval Germany.— 482 Maynz, Karl Gustav (1812-1882) — German lawyer, professor at Brussels University, member of the Brussels Democratic Association.— 626,646 Mellinet, François Aimé (1768-1852) — Belgian general, participant in the democratic movement and the revolution of 1830 in Belgium, honorary president of the Brussels Democratic Association.— 618-20,626,646 Mentel, Christian Friedrich (b. 1812) — German tailor, member of the League of the Just; was arrested by the Prussian authorities and betrayed the organisation.— 593,595 Menzel, Wolfgang (1798-1873) — German tic— 259,273 Meredith, William Morris (1799-1873) — American lawyer, held several state offices, Secretary of the Treasury in 1849-50.—323 Metternich-Winneburg, Clemens Wenzel Lothar, Fürst von (1773-1859) — Austrian statesman and diplomat, Minister of Foreign Affairs (1809-21), Chancellor (1821-48), an organiser of the Holy Alliance.— 366, 481, 520, 530, 534,535,541,542,549,618,628,629 Meyen, Eduard (1812-1870) —German writer, Young Hegelian; in 1847, Berlin correspondent of the Trier'sche Zeitung.— 72-7'4 Michelot, Jean A.— French democrat, emigrated to London, in 1847-48 secretary for France in the Fraternal Democrats society.— 391, 467,617 Mieroslawski, Ludwik (1814-1878) — prominent figure in the Polish national liberation movement, participant in the insurrection of 1830-31, in the preparation of a revolt in Poland in 1846 and the revolution of 1848-49; later, a leader of the moderate wing among the Polish democratic emigrants, sided with Bonapartism.— 621, 623
Mill, James (1773-1836) —English economist and philosopher, adherent of Ricardo's theory, follower of Bentham in philosophy.— 203 Mill, John Stuart (1806-1873) —English economist, utilitarian and positivist philosopher.—152 Milton, John (1608-1674) — English poet and journalist, prominent figure in the 17th-century English revolution.— 399,410 Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Victor Riqueti
comte de (1749-1791) — a leading figure in the French Revolution, constitutional monarchist.— 10, 333 Mole, Louis Mathieu, comte (1781-1855) — French statesman, Orleanist, Prime Minister (1836-37, 1837-39).—219, 468,558
German and international working-class movement, a leader of the League of the Just, member of the Central Authority of the Communist League; participant in the 1848-49 revolution; a watchmaker by trade.— 467, 591,614, 623,654, 658 More, Sir Thomas (1478-1535) — English statesman, Lord Chancellor (1529-32), humanist writer, representative of Utopian communism.— 254 Morgan, Lewis Henry (1818-1881) — American ethnographer, archaeologist and historian of primitive societv. — 482 Morse, Arthur — English Free Trader.— 454,464 Mounier, Jean Joseph (1758-1806) — French politician, headed a group of moderate royalists in the Constituent Assembly during the French Revolution.— 333 Müller, Johannes von (1752-1809) — Swiss conservative historian.— 368 Münzer, Thomas (c. 1490-1525) — leader of the urban plebeians and poor peasants during the Reformation and the Peasant War in Germany, advocated ideas of egalitarian Utopian communism.— 27 Murner, Thomas (1475-1537) — German satirist, theologian, opponent of the Reformation.—313
N
Napoleon I Bonaparte (1769-1821) — Emperor of the French (1804-14,1815).— 10, 19-24, 26, 27, 28, 80, 81, 167, 254, 259,394,523,530, 534, 536, 622, 628 Nelson, Horatio Nelson, Lord (1758-1805)
— English admiral.— 371 Nicholas I (1796-1855) —Emperor of Russia (1825-55).—366, 542 Niles, Hezekiah (1777-1839)— American journalist, publisher of Niles' Weekly Register.— 323 Noakes, John — English radical journalist.—307-08 O
Oborski, Ludwik (1787-1873) —Polish political emigrant resident in London, member of the Fraternal Democrats society.— 392,467,621 Ochsenbein, Johann Ulrich (1811-1890) — Swiss general, leader of the radicals and liberals, head of the Federal Government (1847-48).—534 O'Connell, Daniel (1775-1847) —Irish lawyer and politician, leader of the liberal wing in the national liberation movement.— 445-46,448, 549 O'Connell, John (1810-1858) —Irish politician, liberal, third son of Daniel O'Connell, head of the Repeal Association after his father's death.— 445, 446, 449 O'Connell, Maurice (1803-1853) —Irish liberal, eldest son of Daniel O'Connell.— 445 O'Connell, Morgan (1804-1885) —Irish politician, second son of Daniel O'Connell. opposed the campaign for the repeal of the Union of 1801.— 445 O'Connor, Feargus Edward ( 1794-1855) — a leader of the Left wing in the Chartist movement, editor of the newspaper The Northern Star.— 8, 13, 58, 59, 285, 308,358-62,383,412,413,446-49,641 Owen, Robert (1771-1858) —British Utopian socialist.— 514, 517, 576
P
Paine, Thomas (1737-1809) —English author, republican, participant in the American War of Independence and the French Revolution.— 13, 27 Palmerston, Henry John Temple, 3rd Vis-count (1784-1865) — British statesman, Foreign Secretary (1830-34, 1835-41, 1846-51), Home Secretary (J852-55) and Prime Minister ( 1855-58 and 1859-65); a Tory at the beginning of his career, from 1830 onwards, a Whig.— 308,438,472,542,618 Parny, Evariste Désiré de Forges, vicomte de
(1753-1814) —French poet.—273
statesman, moderate Tory, Prime Minister (1841-46), in 1846 repealed the Corn Laws.—521, 538, 539 Pellering, Jean (1817-1877) —member of the working-class movement in Belgium and of the Brussels Democratic Association; a shoemaker by trade.— 626,646 Pericles (c. 490-429 B.C.) — Greek statesman, head of the Athenian democrats.— 365 Petersen, Niels Lorenzo (1814-d. after 1889) — Danish socialist, Weitlingian in the 1840s, later member of the Communist League; active member of the First International; subsequently, one of the leaders of the Left-wing Danish Social-Democrats.— 611 Petit — tax collector in Corbeil (department of Seine-et-Oise).— 469, 470 Petit, Madame — wife of M. Petit.— 469 Petty, Sir William (1623-1687) — English economist and statistician, founder of English classical political economy.— 206
Philip I (c. 1052-1108) — King of France (1060-1108).—148,149 Picard, Albert — Belgian lawyer, member of the Brussels Democratic Association.—618,642
Pitt, William (1759-1806) —British statesman, Tory; Prime Minister (1783-1801 and 1804-06).— 9 Pius IX (Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti) (1792-1878) — Pope (1846-78).— 521, 522,541 Plato (c. 427-c. 347 B.C.) —Greek philosopher.— 365
Playfair, Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron (1818-1898) — British chemist, liberal politician.— 251 Pohse, Carl — in 1847-48 representative of Russia on the committee of the Fraternal Democrats society.— 467 Proudhon, Pierre Joseph (1809-1865) — French journalist, economist and sociologist, one of the founders of 123-37, 138, 142, 144-73, 177-84, 186-88, 190-99, 201-09, 260, 268, 305, 426, 434, 513, 590, 591, 609-10
Q
Quesnay, François (1694-1774) — French economist, founder of the school of Physiocrats; a physician by profession.—161,462
R
Ricardo, David (1772-1823) —English classical economist.—113, 114, 120-25, 127, 128, 135, 138, 150-51, 156, 161, 176, 198-202, 289, 290, 329, 337, 457, 462 Richelieu, Armand Jean Du Plessis, duc de
(1585-1642) — French statesman during the period of absolutism, Cardinal. — 398, 410
Riedel, Richard—German upholsterer, emigrated to Brussels, member of the Democratic Association and the German Workers' Society, member of the Communist League from 1847.— 626 Rietz (Ritz) — valet of Frederick William II of Prussia.— 264 Rittinghausen, Moritz (1814-1890) —German journalist and politician, petty-bourgeois democrat, participant in the revolution of 1848-49, later a member of the German Social-Democratic Party — 276, 283 Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de (1758-1794) —a leading figure, in the French Revolution, Jacobin leader, head of the revolutionary government (1793-94)—5, 10. 386 Roebuck, John Arthur (1801-1879) — British radical politician and publicist.— 213 Rogier, Charles Latour (1800-1885) — Belgian Minister of the Interior ( 1848-52), liberal.— 564, 567, 568 Roland de la Platière, Jean Marie (1734-1793) — a leading figure in the French
Minister of the Interior, a Girondist leader.—10
Roland de la Platière, Jeanne Marie (Manon
Phlipon) ( 1754-1793) — French authoress, participant in the French Revolution, Girondist.—10
Romme, Gilbert (1750-1795) —participant in the French Revolution, Jacobin.— 11 Ronge, Johannes (1813-1887) — German pastor, a founder of the "German Catholics" movement.— 248
Rossi, Pellegrino Luigi Edoardo, Count 1787-1848) — Italian economist, lawyer, politician; in 1848, head of government in the Papal states.—125, 195, 421, 426, 434
Rothschilds—dynasty of bankers.— 5, 235-41 Rothschild, Jacob (James), baron de (1792-1868) — head of the Rothschild banking house in Paris.— 61-63, 219, 365, 375 Rothschild, Charles (Karl Mayer) (1788-1855) member of the Rothschild banking house.— 535 Rothschild, Salomon Mayer (1774-1855) — head of the Rothschild banking house in Vienna.— 533, 542 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712-1778) — French philosopher, writer of the Enlightenment.—278, 334, 399, 410
Rowcliffe William (1803-1874) —English radical, sided with the Chartists in the 1840s.—308 Ruge, Arnold (1802-1880) —German radical journalist and philosopher, a Young Hegelian.— 222, 292, 293, 3Q1, 302, 336, 338 Rumigny, Marie Hippolyte Gueilly, marquis
de (1784-1871) —French diplomat.— 559 Russell, John Russell, 1st Earl of (1792-1878) — British statesman, leader of the Whigs, Prime Minister (1846-52 and 1865-66), Foreign Secretary (1852-53 and 1859-65).—473 Sadler, Michael Thomas (1780-1835) — English economist and politician, philanthropist, sided with the Tory party.—153 Saint-Just, Antoine Louis Léon de (1767-1794) — a Jacobin leader in the French Revolution.— 6, 10
Saint-Simon, Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de ( 1760-1825) — French Utopian socialist.— 514, 576 Sand, George (pseudonym of Amandine Lucie Aurore Dupin, baronne Dudevant) (1804-1876) — French novelist, representative of the democratic trend in romanticism.— 212
Sauzet, Jean Pierre (1800-1876) — French politician, Orleanist, chairman of the Chamber of Deputies ( 1839-February 1848).— 238 Sax — member of the Communist League in Paris.— 657 Say, Horace Emile (1794-1860) — French economist, son of Jean Baptiste Say.— 282 Say, Jean Baptiste (1767-1832) — French economist, one of the founders of the "three production factors" theory, an apologia of capitalist exploitation.— 115, 121, 129, 151, 180, 181,282,289 Scaevola, Gaius Mucins—legendary Roman warrior in the struggle of the Romans against the Etruscans (late 6th-early 5th century B.C.); to prove his fortitude and scorn for death he was said to have held his right hand in the fire until it was consumed under the eyes of the king of Etruria. Hence his nickname Scaevola ("left-handed").— 238
Schabelitz, Jacob (1827-1899) —Swiss publisher and bookseller; from 1846, member of the Fraternal Democrats society, member of the Communist League.— 467
Schapper, Karl (c. 1812-1870) —prominent figure in the German and international working-class movement, a leader of the League of the Just,
Central Authority; participant in the revolution of 1848-49; after the revolution a leader of a sectarian group in the Communist League, later a member of the General Council of the First International.—103, 391-92, 413, 467, 588, 600, 614, 617-19, 622, 638, 654-58 Schard — a house-owner in Paris.— 658 Scharnhorst, Gerhard Johann David von (1755-1813) — Prussian general and politician, War Minister (1807-10) and Chief of Staff (1807-13), reorganised the Prussian army.— 23 Scheuffer—a house-owner in Paris.— 658 Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich von
(1759-1805) — German poet, historian and philosopher.—17, 241, 243, 256, 257, 259, 368, 371 Schilling — German emigrant resident in Paris, member of the Communist League.— 654 Schlegel, August Wilhelm von (1767-1845)
— German romantic poet, translator, literary historian and critic.— 314 Schön, Heinrich Theodor von (1773-1856)
— Prussian statesman, helped to carry out moderate reforms.— 23 Seidel — member of the German Workers' Club in Paris founded in March 1848.— 658 Seiler, Sebastian (c. 1810-c. 1890) —German journalist, in 1846 member of the Brussels Communist Correspondence Committee, member of the Communist League, participant in the revolution of 1848-49 in Germany.— 35 Senior, Nassau William (1790-1864) — English economist, vulgarised Ricardo's theory, opposed shortening the working day.— 152, 329 Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3rd Earl of (1671-1713) —English moral philosopher, politician, Whig.— 399, 410 Shakespeare, William (1564-1616) — English playwright, poet.—250, 313, 314, 325 French abbot, took an active part in the French Revolution, moderate con-stitutionalist (Feuillant).— 48
Signard (Signart), Nicolas (1803-1889) — French physician and politician, democrat.— 397
Sina — representatives of a banking house in Vienna founded by Sina, Georg Simon, Freiherr von (1782-1856).— 533 Sismondi, Jean Charles Leonard Simonde de
(1773-1842) — Swiss economist, exponent of economic romanticism.— 114, 135, 137, 181, 509
Skelton, John—Chartist.— 473
Smith, Adam (1723-1790) —British classical economist.—113, 120-22, 128, 147, 176, 180, 186, 189, 196,289,329, 337
Sollta — German emigrant resident in New York, follower of Hermann Kriege— 40, 41, 44
Soubrany, Pierre Amable or Soubrany de
Benistant (1752-1793) — took an active part in the French Revolution, Jacobin.— 11 Spilthoorn, Charles Louis (1804-1872) — Belgian lawyer, republican, member of the Brussels Democratic Association, Chairman of the Democratic Association in Ghent.— 626, 646
Stallwood—Chartist, member of the Executive Committee of the National Charter Association.— 616, 620
Stauffacher, Werner— semi-legendary hero in the liberation war of the Swiss against the Hapsburgs in the late 18th and early 19th centuries; according to tradition one of the founders of the Swiss Confederation.— 371, 372
Steffens, Henrik (1773-1845) —German naturalist, writer, philosopher; Norwegian by birth.— 371
Stein, Heinrich Friedrich Karl, Baron vom und zum (1757-1831) — Prussian statesman, initiated and helped to carry out moderate reforms.— 23
mann (born c. 1817) — German house decorator, emigrated to Brussels, member of the Communist League.— 652 Sterbitzki — member of the Communist League in Paris.— 654, 655 Stern, Johann—German worker from Mecklenburg, emigrated to the USA. — 49 Steuart, Sir James, afterwards Denham (1712-1780) — British economist, one of the last representatives of mercan-tilism.— 196 Stirner, Max (real name Johann Caspar Schmidt) (1806-1856) —German philosopher, Young Hegelian, one of the ideologists of individualism and anarchism.— 73, 292 Storch, Heinrich Friedrich von (1766-1835)
— Russian economist, statistician and historian; German by birth.— 117 Stumpf, Paul (c. 1827-1913) — figure in the German working-class movement, i n 1847 member of the German Workers' Society in Brussels and of .the Communist League, participant in the revolution of 1848-49 in Germany, subsequently member of the First International.— 658 Sydney (or Sidney) Algernon (1622-1683)
— English writer and politician, participant in the English revolution, constitutional monarchist.— 399, 410
T
Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles Maurice de
(1754-1838) —French diplomat, Minister of Foreign Affairs (1797-99, 1799-1807, 1814-15), France's representative at the Congress of Vienna (1814-15).— 530 Tedesco, Victor André (1821-1897) — Belgian lawyer, socialist, an organiser of the Brussels Democratic Association; in 1847-48, an associate of Marx and Engels, member of the Communist League.—392, 562, 621 c. 159 B.C.) — Roman writer of come-dies.—215
Tex, Cornellis Anne den (1795-1854) — Dutch lawyer, also studied problems of political economy.— 286 Thiers, Louis Adolphe (1797-1877) — French historian and statesman, Prime Minister (1836-40), head of the Orleanist monarchist party after 1848, hangman of the Paris Commune, President of the Republic (1871-73).— 62, 219, 386, 387, 439, 443, 468 Thompson, Thomas Perronet (1783-1869) — British politician and economist, Free Trader.—278, 282, 283, 384 Thompson, William (c. 1785-1833) — Irish economist, drew socialist conclusions from Ricardo's theory, follower of Owen.—138 Thorvaldsen, Bertel (1768-1844) —Danish sculptor.— 372
Tooke, Thomas (1774-1858) —English economist, adherent of the classical school in political economy.— 152 Tschudi, Giles or Aegidius (1505-1572) — Swiss historian and politician, opponent of Reformation.— 368 Tyler, Wat (or Walter) (d. 1381) — leader of the peasant revolt in England in 1381.— 295
U
Ure, Andrew (1778-1857) —English chemist and economist, Free Trader. — 188-89, 420, 461
V
Van de Casteele — manufacturer in Lille, France, Free Trader.— 286 Venedey, Jakob (1805-1871) —German journalist and politician, at first radical, and after the 1848 revolution, liberal.— 292, 654 Victoria (1819-1901) —Queen of England (1837-1901).—413
vicomte de (1784-1850) —French politician and economist, an ideologist of feudal socialism.— 174 Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro) (70-19 B.C.) —Roman poet.—137 Vogel—member of the Communist League and of the German Workers' Club in Paris founded in March 1848.— 654 Vogler — German worker, emigrated to Paris, member of the Communist League.— 654 Voltaire, François Marie Arouet de (1694-1778) — French philosopher, historian of the Enlightenment.—148, 197, 278, 410
W
Wade, John (1788-1875) —English publicist, economist and historian.— 419
Wakley, Thomas (1795-1862) —English physician and politician, radical.— 445 Wallau, Karl (1823-1877) — German emigrant resident in Brussels, in 1848 member of the Central Authority of the Communist League, chairman of a workers' union in Mainz.— 626, 644, 658 Walpole, Sir Robert, Earl of Oxford (1676-1745) — British Prime Minister (1721-42), Whig.— 286 Weerth, Georg (1822-1856) — German poet and writer, member of the Communist League; one of the founders of proletarian poetry in Germany.— 55, 275, 283-87, 618, 626 Weitling, Wilhelm Christian (1808-1871) — one of the early leaders of the working-class movement in Germany, theoretician of Utopian egalitarian communism, a tailor.—11, 13, 35, 338, 426, 576, 590-92, 605, 606, 608, 610
Welcker, Carl Theodor (1790-1869) — German lawyer and journalist, liberal, deputy to the Baden Provincial Diet.— 265 West — Chartist in Macclesfield. - 473 Westphalen, Edgar von (1819-c. 1890) — brother of Jenny Marx; from 1846, member of the Brussels Communist Correspondence Committee.— 35 Wieland, Christoph Martin (1733-1813) — German writer.— 256 William of Orange (1650-1702) —stadt-holder of the Netherlands (1672-1702), King of England (1689-1702). — 196 William, Zephaniah (c. 1794-1874) — Chartist, an organiser of the miners' revolt in Wales in 1839, sentenced to life deportation to Australia.— 13
Wilson, Isaac — Chartist.— 392, 622
Wilson, James (1805-1860) —British economist and politician, Free Trader, founder and editor of the newspaper The Economist.— 282, 283, 287
Winkelried, Erni (Arnold) (d. 1386) — semi-legendary hero in the liberation
war of the Swiss against the Hapsburgs; tradition has it that he secured victory over Duke Leopold of Austria at the cost of his life in the battle of Sempach (1386).— 367, 369-72 Witt, John de (1625-1672) —Dutch statesman, actually ruler of the Province of Holland (1653-72).—286 Wolff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1809-1864) — German proletarian revolutionary, leading figure in the Communist League; in 1848-49 an editor of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung; friend and associate of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels.—36, 55, 103, 559, 562, 581, 582, 588, 598/600, 601, 604, 626 Wolowski, Louis François Michel Raymond (1810-1876) — French economist and politician; professor of law; Polish by birth.—276, 277, 282, 283, 286, 287 Wyatt, John (1700-1766) —English inventor.—188
INDEX OF LITERARY AND MYTHOLOGICAL NAMES
Achilles (Greek myth.) — a Greek warrior during the Trojan War, a character in Homer's Iliad and Shakespeare's tragedy Troilus and Cressida.— 313, 314 Adam (Bib.) —400
Ajax Telamonian (Greek myth.) — hero of the Trojan War, one of the main characters in Homer's Iliad; a character in Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressi-da.— 314, 335 Aladdin—a character from the Arabian Nights, owner of a magic lamp.— 240 Augeas, Augeias or Augias (Greek myth.) — King of Elis, at whose order Hercules performed one of his exploits — cleaned his stables.— 259
Berowne (or Biron) — a character in Shakespeare's comedy Love's Labour's Lost.— 313 Bottom — a character in Shakespeare's comedy A Midsummer Night's Dream and Goethe's poem Warnung; a weaver.— 273 Boyet—a character in Shakespeare's comedy Love's Labour's Lost.— 313
Cato — the title character in a tragedy by
Joseph Addison.— 253 Charybdis — see Scylla and Charybdis. Christ, Jesus (Bib.) — 237, 262, 455 David — according to biblical legend,
slew the Philistine giant Goliath; later King of Judah.— 314 Don Quixote — the title character in Miguel Cervantes' novel.— 313, 521 Dorothea — a character in Goethe's poem Hermann und Dorothea.— 265 Dumaine — a character in Shakespeare's comedy Love's Labour's Lost.— 313
E
Enceladus (Greek myth.) — one of the giants who made war on the Olympian gods.—236
Eve (Bib.) —400
F
Falstaff, Sir John—a character in Shakespeare's history play Henry IV and his comedy The Merry Wives of Windsor. — 325
Faust — doctor, a character in medieval legend and the title character of the tragedy by Goethe.— 258, 270, 271
Fixlein, Quintus — the main character in the satirical novel by Jean Paul, Life of Quintus Fixlein; a schoolteacher.— 315
G
Götz von Berlichingen — the title character of a drama by Goethe.— 258 Goliath — the Philistine giant reputed in the Bible to have been slain by David.— 314, 335
H
Hector (Greek myth.) — a son of the Trojan King Priam, defender of Troy, one of the main characters in Homer's Iliad.— 313, 314
Hereules (Heracles) (Greek and later Roman myth.) — famous for his enormous strength and courage.—188, 264, 266. 335, 338
I
Isegrim—a wolf in Goethe's poem Reineke the Fox.— 316, 338
J
Jesus — see Christ, Jesus John, Saint (the Apostle) — according to the New Testament one of the twelve aDostles of Christ, author of one of the Gospels and the Revelation of John (Apocalypse).— 270
L
Lazarus (Bib.) — 646
Lotta — a character in Goethe's novel Leiden des Jungen Werthers.— 261
M
Marcolph (Markolf)—one of the title characters in the German Volksbuch Solomon und Marcolph.— 313 Mary (Bib.) — mother of Jesus Christ.— 236 Meister, Wilhelm — the main character in Goethe's novel Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre.— 262, 268, 270-72 Mephistopheles—a character in Goethe's
tragedy Faust.— 258 Minos (Greek myth.) — a legendary king
of Crete and a wise judge.— 260
P
Pandora — a character in Greek mythology who, out of curiosity, opened a box which contained all human evils and let them out.— 214 the New Testament.— 631
Prometheus (Greek myth.) — a Titan who stole fire for men from the Olym-pus.—157-59, 160, 254, 258, 260
R
Reineke—the fox, the main character in Goethe's Reineke the Fox.— 316, 338 Robinson Crusoe—the title character of Daniel Defoe's novel. The name was later used to denote an individual isolated from society.— 112, 143
S
Sancho Panza (Pansa)—a character in Cervantes' Don Quixote.— 313
Saul—a biblical character; also the title character in the tragedy by Karl Beck.—236
Scylla and Charybdis (Greek myth.) — two female monsters living on either side of narrow straits (Gibraltar) and bringing death to all mariners.— 533
Solomon — one of the title characters in the German Volksbuch Solomon und Marcolph.— 313
a warrior endowed with an extraordi-narily loud voice.— 297
T
Tell, William (Wilhelm)—a legendary hero in stories about the liberation war waged by the Swiss against the Hapsburgs in the late 13th and early 14th centuries; the title character in works by Schiller and Florian.—367-69, 371, 372, 374 Thersites — a character in Homer's Iliad and Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressi-da; embodiment of querulousness and abusiveness.— 314, 335 Thraso — a character in Terence's comedy Eunuchus; a stupid, boastful soldier.— 312 Titania — a character in Shakespeare's comedy A Midsummer Night's Dream and Goethe's poem Warnung; the queen of the fairies.— 273
W
Werner—a character from Goethe's novel Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre.— 262
Werther—the main character in Goethe's novel Leiden des Jungen Werthers.—251, 252, 261, 262