Name Index
A
Abd-el-Kader ( 1807-1883) — Algerian emir, one of the Arab leaders in the national liberation struggle in Morocco and Algeria (1832-47) against the French conquerors. — 164
Aikin, John ( 1747-1822) — English physician, historian and radical publicist. — 71
Alexander of Macedon (Alexander the Great) (356-323 B.C.) —military leader and statesman of antiquity; King of Macedon (336-323 B.C.).— 67, 353, 428
Alexis, Willibald (pseudonym of Georg Wilhelm Heinrich Häring) (1798-1871) — German writer, author of many historical novels. — 336
Al Hussein, Abu Ali Ben Abdallah Ibn
(Ebn) Sina (Lat. Avicenna) — see Ibn
(Ebn) Sina, Abu Ali
Andromeda — see Otto (-Peters), Luise
Anneke, Friedrich (1818-1872) — Prussian artillery officer, discharged from the army for his political views; joined in the democratic and working-class movement, in the mid-forties a "true socialist".— 548, 573
.4 nselm of Canterbury ( 1033-1109) — medieval theologian and philosopher, early scholastic. — 381
Arago, Dominique François (1786-1853) — French astronomer, physicist and mathematician; politician, moderate republican.—151, 394
Argenson, Marc René de Voyer, Marquis
de (1771-1842) —French politician; took part in the French Revolution; follower of Babeuf.—508
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) —Greek philosopher.—138-40, 142, 143, 161, 461, 512
Arminius (Hermann) the Cheruscan (17 B.C.-A.D. 21) —leader of the resistance of Germanic tribes against Roman rule, annihilated a Roman army in the Teutoburg Woods in A.D. 9.—see Kriege, Hermann
Arndt, Ernst Moritz (1769-1860) — German writer, historian and philologist; took part in the German people's war of liberation against Napoleon.— 351
Arnim, Bettina (Elisabeth) von (1785-1859) — German writer of the Romantic school, also known as Bettina Brentano.— 336
Aston, Luise (1814-1871) — German writer.— 573 nus (63 B.C.-A.D. 14) —first Roman Emperor (27 B.C.-A.D. 14).—40
B
Babeuf, François Noël (Gracchus) (1760-1797) — French revolutionary, advocate of Utopian egalitarian communism, organiser of the "conspiracy of equals".—210, 226, 325, 552, 553
Bacon, Francis, Baron Verulam, Viscount St. Albans (1561-1626) —English philosopher, naturalist and historian.—172, 486
Bailly, Jean Sylvain (1736-1793) — French astronomer, prominent figure in the French Revolution, advocate of constitutional monarchy.— 198
Barère de Vieuzac, Bertrand (1755-1841) — French lawyer, leading figure in the French Revolution, member of the National Convention, Jacobin; later took part in the Thermidor coup d'état (July 1794).— 178, 198-99, 508
Baring, Alexander (1774-1848) —head of a banking house in London.— 544
Barmby, John Goodwyn (1820-1881) — English clergyman, advocate of Ch ristian socialism.— 461
Barreaux (Jacques Vallée, Sieur des) (1599-1673) —French poet.— 1 12
Barrot, Camille Hyacinthe Odilon (1791-1873) — French politician, leader of the liberal dynastic opposition during the July monarchy.— 546
Bauer, Bruno (1809-1882) —German philosopher, Young Hegelian.— 15-23, 29, 30, 39, 41, 42, 52-54, 56-59, 94-103, 111-16, 138, 165, 198, 210, 214, 235, 236, 238, 336, 355, 378, 432, 433, 441, 442, 447, 451, 572
Bauer, Edgar (1820-1886) —German philosopher and writer, Young
—336
Bayle, Pierre (1647-1706) —French sceptic philosopher, critic of religious dogmatism.— 98
Bayrhoffer, Karl Theodor (1812-1888) — German Hegelian philosopher.— 182
Bazard, Saint Amand (1791-1832) — French Utopian socialist, headed — together with Enfantin — the Saint-Simonian school.—484, 504, 507-09
Beaulieu, Claude François (1754-1827) — French historian and writer, royalist.—178
Beck, Karl Isidor (1817-1879) —Austrian poet; exponent of "true socialism" in the mid-forties.— 562, 567
Becker, August (1814-1871) —German writer, Utopian socialist, in the forties one of the leaders of the followers of Weitling in Switzerland.— 323, 336, 531-33, 536, 537
Becker, Nicolaus ( 1809-1845) — German poet.— 57
Bentham, Jeremy (1748-1832) —English sociologist, theoretician of utili-tarianism.—213, 243, 259, 409, 412-413
Béranger, Pierre Jean de (1780-1857) — French poet, wrote many satirical songs on political subjects.— 514
Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm (1784-1846) — German astronomer.— 393
Bettina — see Arnim, Bettina (Elisabeth) von
Rillaud-Varenne, Jean Nicolas (1756-1819) — French lawyer, played an active part in the French Revolution.— 508
Blanc, Louis (1811-1882) —French petty-bourgeois socialist, historian.— 197, 336, 491, 493, 508
Blanqui, Jérôme Adolphe (1798-1854) — French economist.— 546 Bluntschli, Johann Caspar (1808-1881) — Swiss lawyer and conserva tive politician, compiled a police report on the followers of Weit-ung.—210, 217, 226, 323, 336
Bodin (Bodinus), Jean (1530-1596) — French sociologist, ideologist of absolutism.—322
Boisguillebert, Pierre Le Pesant, Sieur de
(1646-1714) — French economist, precursor of the Physiocrats, founder of classical bourgeois political economy in France.— 197
Bonald, Louis Gabriel Ambroise, Vicomte de (1754-1840) —French politician and writer, one of the ideologists of the aristocratic and monarchist reaction in the Restoration period.— 346
Boniface, Winfrid or Wynfrith (c. 680-c. 755) — ecclesiastic of the early Middle Ages, Christian missionary.— 249
Bootes—see Semmig, Friedrich Hermann
Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne (1627-1704) — French theological writer and churchman, bishop, one of the ideologists of absolutism.— 522
Bouille, François Claude Amour, Marquis
de (1739-1800) —French general, fought against the English in the An-tilles; took part in the royalist conspiracy in France in 1791, counter-revolutionary émigré.— 493
Brissot de Warville, Jacques Pierre (1754-1793) — French journalist, took an active part in the French Revolution; member of the National Convention, one of the leaders of the Girondists.— 198
Broglie, Victor François (1718-1804) — Marshal of France; took part in the Seven Years' War; in 1789 commanded the troops that fought against the revolution; counter-revolutionary émigré.— 199
Browning, G.— British statistician.— 181
Bruno, Saint — see Bauer, Bruno
Bûchez, Philippe Joseph Benjamin (1796-1865) — French politician and historian, Christian socialist.— 226. 227
Buhl. Ludwig Heinrich Franz (1814-1880) — German writer, Young Hegelian.—197
Bull—see Liining, Otto
Bulwer—see Lytton, Edward George
Buonarroti, Filippo Michèle (1761-1837) — Italian revolutionary, Utopian communist; played a leading part in the revolutionary movement in France at the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries; comrade-in-arms of Babeuf.—508
Bürger, Gottfried August ( 1747-1794) — German poet.— 573
C
Cabarrus, François, Comte de (1752-1810) — Minister of Finance in Spain during Joseph Bonaparte's reign (1809-10).—495
Cabet, Etienne (1788-1856) —French writer, lawyer, Utopian communist, author of the Utopian romance Voyage en Icarie.— 226, 227, 461, 462, 491, 519-29, 530, 552
Caesar, Gains Julius (c. 100-44 B.C.) — Roman general and statesman.— 444
Calderon de la Barca, Pedro (1600-1681)
— Spanish dramatist.— 450
Camoens (Camôes), Luis Vaz de (c. 1524-1580) —Portuguese poet.— 428, 429
Capet dynasty—dynasty of French kings (987-1328).—146
Carnot, Lazare Nicolas (1753-1823) — French mathematician; leading politician and general in the French Revolution, a Jacobin; participated in the Thermidor coup d'état (July 1794).—508 Carrière (Carrière), Moriz (1817-1895)
— German idealist philosopher, professor of aesthetics.— 336 Cato, Marcus Porcius (95-46 B.C.) — Roman philosopher and statesman, republican.— 508
Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de (1547-1616) — Spanish writer.— 207, 235, 238, 239, 271, 274, 283, 307, 324, 369, 400, 423, 443, 444, 450
Chamisso, Adelbert von (1781-1838) — German poet and naturalist.— 318
Charlemagne (Charles the Great) (c. 742-814) —King of the Franks (768-800) and Holy Roman Emperor (800-814).—85, 220, 496, 497
Charles X( 1757-1836) — King of France (1824-30).—314, 527
Chastellux, François Jean, Marquis de
(1734-1788) — French general and writer.— 461
Cherbuliez, Antoine Elisée (1797-1869)
— Swiss economist, tried to combine Sismondi's theory with elements of Ricardo's theory.— 86
Chevalier, Michel ( 1806-1879) — French engineer, economist and writer; in the thirties follower of Saint-Simon, later Free Trader.—303, 388, 502, 509
Child, SirJosiah (1630-1699) —English economist (mercantilist), banker and merchant.— 197
Churoa—see Rochau, August Ludwig von
Clavelin, G.— French historian, together with Fr. Marie Kerverseau he wrote the Histoire de la Révolution de
1789, et de l'établissement d'une Constitution en France.... Published under the pseudonym of Deux amis de la liberté.— 178
Clement of Alexandria (Titus Flavius Clemens Alexandrinus) ,(c. 150-c. 215) — Christian theologian,and philosopher.— 142
Cobbett, William (1763-1835) —English radical politician and writer.— 464
politician, manufacturer, a leading advocate of Free Trade and founder of the Anti-Corn Law League.— 445
Comte, François Charles Louis (1782-1837) — French liberal writer and economist.— 308
Condé, Louis Henri Joseph de Bourbon, Prince de (1756-1830) —French prince; emigrated at the beginning of the French Revolution and fought in the émigré army against the French Republic. In 1825 he received compensation for estates of his which had been confiscated during the Revolution.— 527
Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de
Caritat, Marquis de (1743-1794) — French sociologist, Enlightener; played an active part in the French Revolution, Girondist.— 526, 527
Confucius (K'ung Fu-tse) (551-479 B.C.)
— Chinese philosopher.— 521
Constant de Rebecque, Henri Benjamin (1767-1830) —French liberal politician and writer.— 347
Cooper, Thomas (1759-1840) —American economist and politician.— 392, 489
Courier de Mere, Paul Louis (1 772-1825)
— French philologist and writer, democrat.— 464
Crab—see Helmich, Julius
Croesus—King of Lydia (c. 560-546 B.C.).—353
D
Dähnhardt, Marie Wilhelmine (1818-1902) — wife of Max Stirner, member of "The Free", a Young-Hegelian circle in Berlin.— 179, 191, 205, 283, 300, 364, 369, 398, 401, 442
Dalton, John (1766-1844) — English chemist and physicist, set forth the atomic theory of chemical composi-tion.—141 Danton, Georges Jacques (1759-1794) — leader of the Right wing of the Jacobins during the French Revolution.— 338
Decazes et de Glücksberg Elie, Duc (1780-1860) — French statesman of the Restoration period, entrepreneur, mine-owner.— 544
Delavigne, Germain (1790-1868) — French playwright.— 468
Democritus of Abdera (c. 460-c. 370 B.C.) — Greek philosopher, one of the founders of the atomistic theory.— 141
Descartes, René (in Latin: Renatus Carte-sius) (1596-1650) — French philosopher, mathematician and scientist.— 172
Desmoulins, Lucie Simplice Camille Be-
noist (1760-1794) — French writer; played an active part in the French Revolution, Right-wing Jacobin.— 485
Destutt de Tracy, Antoine Louis Claude,
Comte de ( 1754-1836) — French economist, philosopher; advocate of constitutional monarchy.— 228, 231
Deux amis de la liberté— see Clavelin, G. and Kerverseau, Fr. Marie
Dézamy, Théodore (1803-1850) — French writer, revolutionary Utopian communist.— 526
Diogenes Laertius (3rd century A.D.) — Greek historian of philosophy, compiled a large work on the ancient philosophers.— 139-40
Dronke, Ernst (1822-1891) —German writer, at first a "true socialist", then follower of Marx and Engels.— 570-72
Duchâtel, Charles Marie Tanneguy, Comte
(1803-1867) —French statesman, Minister of Trade (1834-36) and Minister of the Interior (1839, 1840-February 1848), Malthusian.—359
Dumas, Alexandre (Dumas père) (1803-1870)—French writer.—571
Dunoyer, Barthélémy Charles Pierre Joseph (1786-1862) — French economist and politician.— 63, 445
Dupin, André Marie Jacques (1783-1865) — French lawyer and politician, Orleanist.—507
Duvergier de Hauranne, Prosper (1798-1881) — French liberal politician and writer.— 163
E
Eck, Karl Gottlieb (b. 1823) —German artisan, poet, "true socialist".— 575
Eden, Sir Frederick Morton (1766-1809) — English economist and historian, disciple of Adam Smith.— 220
Edmonds, Thomas Rowe (1803-1889) —
English economist; Utopian socialist who drew socialist conclusions from Ricardo's theory.— 461
Edward VI (1537-1553) —King of England (1547-53).—204
Eichhorn, Johann Albrecht Friedrich (1779-1856) — Prussian statesman, Minister of Ecclesiastical Affairs, Education and Medicine (1840-48).—367
Encke, Johann Franz (1791-1865) — German astronomer.— 393
Enfantin, Barthélémy Prosper (also Père Enfantin, Father Enfantin) (1796-1864) — French Utopian socialist, a disciple of Saint-Simon; headed — together with Bâzard — the Saint-Simonian school.— 484, 507, 508
Engels, Frederick (1820-1895).— 6, 8, 11, 15, 17, 19, 24, 46, 78, 86, 90, 113-14, 540, 550, 580
Epicurus (c. 341-c. 270 B.C.) —Greek atomistic philosopher.—141-42
Ewald, Johann Ludwig (1747-1822) — German theologian and moralist.— 122
Ewerbeck, August Hermann (1816-1860) —-German physician and writer, leader of the Paris communities of the League of the Just.— 577
F
Fatouville, Nolant de (d. 1715) — French playwright.— 430
Faucher, Julius (Jules) (1820-1878) — German writer, Young Hegelian.— 110, 113
Fauchet, Claude (1744-1793) — French bishop, played an active part in the French Revolution, sided with the Girondists.— 198
Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas (1804-1872)
— German philosopher.— 3-13, 16, 19-23, 27-30, 38-41, 56-59, 78, 94, 95, 99-107, 114-17, 130, 134, 136, 138, 146, 160, 192, 233-37, 253, 257, 284, 336, 366, 380, 444, 446, 448, 449, 456, 467, 486, 490, 491, 512, 529, 572 Fichte, Johann Gottlieb (1762-1814) — German philosopher.— 98, 106
Fiêv'ee, Joseph (1767-1839) —French conservative writer and journalist.— 346
Fourier, François Marie Charles (1772-1837) — French Utopian socialist.— 206, 256, 415, 461, 462, 481, 484. 492, 510, 511-13, 518, 519, 535. 543. 551
Francis 7(1494-1547) — King of France (1515-47).—274, 335
Franche, August Hermann (1663-1727)
— German theologian and teacher, founder of schools, an orphanage, etc., in Halle.—249
Frederick William IV (1795-1861) — King of Prussia (1840-61 ) —330, 339"365. 54 1
Freiligrath, Ferdinand (1810-1876) — German poet; he began as a romantic poet, later wrote revolutionary poems.— 560, 569, 570, 572
Fulchiron, Jean Claude (1774-1859) — French capitalist and conservative politician.— 544
G Cellert, Christian Fürchtegott (1715-1769) —German fabulist.—382
George, Saint—see Kuhlmann, Georg
Gerhard, Wilhelm Christoph Leonard (1780-1858) —German poet and translator.— 569
Gessner, Salomon (1730-1788) — Swiss poet and painter.— 568
Godwin, William (1756-1836) —English writer and philosopher, one of the founders of anarchism.— 402, 412 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832) —German poet.—40, 119, 330, 414, 434, 550, 554, 556, 560, 561, 563
Greaves, James Pierrepont (1777-1842) — English educationist, drew up pro-jects for the organisation of the work of agricultural labourers.—461
Gregory VII (Hildebrand) (c. 1020-1085) — Pope (1073-85).—177 Grosvenor, Richard, Marquis of Westminster (1795-1869) — big English landowner.— 544
Grotius, Hugo (1583-1645) —Dutch scientist, lawyer, one of the founders of the natural law theory.— 522
Grün, Karl (1817-1887) —German writer, in the mid-forties a "true socialist".—484-531, 540, 551 Guizot, François Pierre Guillaume (1787-1874) — French historian and statesman; directed the home and foreign policv of France from 1840 until the February revolution of 1848.— 146, 220, 311, 336, 399, 489, 520, 545, 546 Gutzkow, Karl Ferdinand (1811-1878) — German writer, member of the Young Germany literary group.— 549. 552
H
Halm, Friedrich (pseudonym of Elegius Franz Joseph, Reichsfreiherr von Münch-Bellinghausen) (1806-1871) — Austrian poet and playwright.— 302
Hampden, John (1594-1643) —English statesman, one of the leaders of the parliamentary opposition to the king during the English revolution of the seventeenth century.— 197
Hannibal (c. 247-183 B.C.) —Cartha-ginian general.— 163
Harney, George Julian (1817-1897) — one of the leaders of the Left wing of the Chartist movement.— 461
Hartmann, Moritz (1821-1872) — Austrian writer; in the mid-forties a "true socialist".— 562
Hatzfeld, Sophie, Countess (1805-1881) — German aristocrat who broke with her husband, later friend and sup-porter of Lassalle.— 573
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770-1831) — German philosopher.— 16, 24, 29, 41, 55, 61-62. 99-102, 105, 106, 112-15, 121, 129-30, 134, 137, 138, 142, 145, 147, 149, 150, 153-54, 157-58, 159, 164, 166, 168-76, 177, 181, 182, 184, 185, 186, 190, 192, 193, 197, 203, 208, 234, 236> 241, 254, 264, 266, 269, 272, 277, 278, 305, 306, 318, 323, 326, 328, 336, 337, 348, 353, 408, 410, 434, 456. 458, 461, 473, 480, 484, 489, 491, 530 Heme, Heinrich (1797-1856) — German revolutionary poet.— 117, 333, 406, 460, 467, 470, 485, 510, 574
Heinrich LXXIl (1797-1853; —ruler of the tiny German principality of Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf (1822-48).—271
Helmich, Julius—Westphalian publisher and bookseller, 'true socialist" — 541
Helvétius, Claude Adrien (1715-177 i ) — French philosopher, atheist, Enlightener.—243, 409, 410, 411
Henri, Joseph (born c. 1795) — French merchant; on July 29, 1846, he made
an unsuccessful attempt on the life of Louis Philippe and was condemned to penal servitude for life.— 546
Henry VIII (1491-1547) —King of England (1509-47).—69
Heraclitus (c. 540-c. 480 B.C.) —Greek philosopher.— 139 Herschel, Sir John Erederick William (1792-1871) — English astronomer. — 393
Herwegh, Georg Friedrich (1817-1875)— German poet.— 466, 561
Hess, Moses (1812-1875) —German radical writer, one of the leaders of the "true socialists" in the mid-forties.—96, 114, 115, 117, 209, 236, 260, 336, 339, 415, 416, 446, 459, 466-68, 486, 491-93, 513 Hiller — a German who, driven to desperation caused by poverty, killed his five children in June 1845.— 575, 579
Hinrichs, Hermann Friedrich Wilhelm
(1794-1861) — German professor of philosophy, Right-wing Hegelian.— 16, 113, 115, 336
Hobbes, Thomas (1588-1679) —English philosopher.—321, 328, 381, 409, 411, 412, 473, 522
Hobson, Joshua — English journalist, Chartist.—212, 461
Hoffmann von Fallersleben, August Heinrich (1798-1874) —German poet and philologist.— 185, 561
Holbach, Paul Henri Dietrich, Baron d' (1723-1789) —French philosopher, atheist, Enlightener.— 409-12, 461
Holyoake, George Jacob (1817-1906) — English writer; played a prominent pari in the r^-operative movement, in the thirties and forties Owenite and Chartist.— 46!
Horace, Quintus Horatius Flaccus (65-8 B.C.) —Roman poet.—140, 544
Hume, David (1711-1776) — Scottish philosopher, historian and economist.—172, 412 I
Ihn (Ebn) Sina, Abu Ali (Latinised form: Avicenna) (c. 980-1037) — medieval philosopher, physician and poet; Tajik by birth.— 163
Innocent III (c. 1161-1216) —Pope (1198-1216).—177
J
Jay, Antoine (1770-1854) —French writer.— 519
Jean Paul (pseudonym of Johann Paul
Friedrich Richter) (1763-1825) —German writer.— 138, 195
Joseph II (1741-1790) —Holy Roman Emperor (1765-90).—562
Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de (1748-1836)
— French botanist.— 461
Juvenal, Decimus Junius (born in the 60s
— died after 127) — Roman satirical poet.—172, 225
K
Kant, Immanuel ( 1724-1804) — German philosopher.—181, 193, 195, 196, 491
Kats, Jacob (1804-1886) —Belgian worker, writer, played an active part in the working-class movement, was influenced by Utopian socialism.— 490-91
Kaulbach, Wilhelm von (1805-1874) — German painter.— 94
Kerverseau, Fr. Marie—French historian, together with G. Clavelin he wrote the Histoire de la Révolution de
1789, et de l'établissement d'une Constitution en France.... Published under the pseudonym of Deux amis de la liberté.— 178
Kett (Ket), Robert (executed in 1549) — leader of the peasant rising in England in 1549.—204
Kind, Friedrich (1768-1843) — German poet and playwright.— 102, 149, 398
Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb (1724-1803) — German poet.—285, 312
Köhler, Ludwig (1819-1862) —German writer; in the mid-forties a "true socialist".— 574
Körner, Karl Theodor (1791-1813) — German romantic poet and dramatist; was killed in the war of liberation against Napoleon.— 249
Konrad von Würzburg (d. 1287) — German poet.— 449
Kotzebue, August Friedrich Ferdinand von (1761-1819) — German writer and journalist, extreme monarchist.— 572
Kriege, Hermann (1820-1850) —German journalist, "true socialist"; founder and editor of the New York newspaper Der Volks-Tribun.— 541, 543
Krummacher, Friedrich Wilhelm (1796-1868) — German clergyman, Calvin-ist, leader of the pietists in Wupper-tal.—236
Kuhlmann, Georg (b. 1812) — secret in-former in the service of the Austrian Government; in the forties preached the ideas of "true socialism" among the German artisans, followers of Weitling in Switzerland; used religious phraseology and claimed to be a prophet.— 377, 392, 531-38
L
Lafayette (La Fayette), Marie Joseph Paul, Marquis de( 1757-1834) — prominent figure in the French Revolution, one of the leaders of the moderate consti-tutionalists (Feuillants); fled to Holland in 1793; subsequently took part in the July Revolution of 1830.— 198
Lafontaine, August Heinrich(1758-1831) — German writer, author of many sentimental novels.— 568 Lamartine, Alphonse Marie Louis de ( 1790-1869) — French poet, historian and politician; in the forties a liberal, one of the leaders of the moderate republicans.— 520 Lamennais (La Mennais), Félicité Robert
de (1782-1854) —French abbot, writer, one of the ideologists of Christian socialism.— 534, 535
Lancizolle, Karl Wilhelm (1796-1871) — German jurist, historian of law.— 346
Langbein, August Friedrich Ernst (1757-1835) — German poet.— 211 La Vauguyon, Paul François, Duc de
(1746-1828) — French diplomat, am-bassador in Holland and Spain.— 494
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646-1716)
— German philosopher and mathematician.—98, 179,442 Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) — Italian painter, sculptor, scientist, archi-tect and engineer.— 393
Lerminier, Jean Louis Eugene (1803-1857) — French lawyer and writer.— 489
Leroux, Pierre (1797-1871) — French writer; Utopian socialist, representative of Christian socialism.— 231
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim (1729-1781)
— German dramatist, critic and phi-
losopher.—336, 491 Levasseur de la Sarthe, René( 1747-1834)
— French physician; leading figure in the French Revolution, member of the Convention, Jacobin; author of memoirs on the French Revolution.—178,508
Licinius (Gains Licinius Calvus Stolo) (4th cent. B.C.) — Roman statesman. — 33
Linguet, Simon Nicolas Henri (1736-1794) — French lawyer, writer, historian and economist, critic of the Physiocrats.— 198
Linné, Carl von ( 1707-1778) — Swedish botanist, devised a system for the clas-
sification of plants and animals.— 461
Lion — see Kriege, Hermann
Lloyd, Samuel Jones, Baron Overstone (1796-1883) —British banker and economist, follower of Ricardo.— 544
Locke, John (1632-1704) —English philosopher.—409, 411-12, 522
Louis XIV (1638-1715) —King of France (1643-1715).—496
Louis XVI (1754-1793) —King of France (1774-92); guillotined.— 146, 514, 525
Louis XVIII (1755-1824) —King of France (1814-15 and 1815-24).—527
Louis Philippe 7(1773-1850) — Duke of Orleans, King of the French (1830-48).—489
Lourdoueix, Jacques Honoré Lelarge, Baron de (1787-1860) —French writer Royalist, editor of the Gazette de France.— 346
Louvet de Couvray, Jean Baptiste (1760-1797) — French writer, prominent figure in the French Revolution, Girondist.—178
Lucian (c. 120-c. 180) — Greek satirical writer.—143, 187
Lucretius (Titus Lucretius Carus) (c. 99-c. 55 B.C.) — Roman philosopher and poet.—139, 142
Ludwig I (1786-1868) —King of Bavaria (1825-48), wrote pretentious and pompous poems.—577
Liming, Otto (1818-1868) —German physician and writer, in the mid-forties a "true socialist", publisher of the Weser-Dampfboot (1844) and the
Westphälische Dampfboot (1845-48) — 540-43, 545, 546, 548, 549, 556
Luther, Martin (1483-1546) — German theologian and writer, prominent figure of the Reformation, founder of Protestantism (Lutheranism) in Germany.—142, 147, 171, 358, 504
Lycurgus — legendary Spartan law-giver, who is supposed to have lived in the ninth century B.C.— 520
Lytton, Edward George Earle Lytton, Bulwer-Lytton ( 1803-1873) — English writer and politician.— 570
M
Mably, Gabriel Bonnot de ( 1709-1785) — French sociologist, advocate of Utopian egalitarian communism.—198, 523
McCulloch, John Ramsay (1789-1864) — British economist who vulgarised Ricardo's theory.— 366 Machiavelli, Niccolo (1469-1527) —Italian statesman, historian and writer. — 321
Maistre, Joseph Marie, Comte de (1753-1821) — French writer, monarchist, an ideologist of aristocratic and clerical reaction.— 346
Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766-1834) — English clergyman and economist, author of a theory of population.— 359
Marat, Jean Paul (1743-1793) —outstanding figure in the French Revolution, one of the leaders of the Jacobins.—198
Marx, Karl (1818-1883) — 3 , 6, 15-19, 24, 38, 41, 42, 43-48, 49-52, 55, 60, 62, 70, 76-77, 82, 88, 91, 92, 111-15, 218, 248, 251, 252
Matthäi, Rudolph — German writer, "true socialist".— 470-83
Mauguin, François (1785-1854) — French lawyer and politician; one of the leaders of the liberal dynastic opposition (until 1848).— 507
Max, Saint—see Stirner, Max
Mayer, Charles Joseph (1751-c. 1825) — French writer.— 336
Meissner, Alfred (1822-1885) — German democratic writer; in the mid-forties a "true socialist", subsequently a liberal.—560-68
Mercier, Louis Sébastien (1740-1814) — French writer of the Enlightenment; joined the Girondists during the French Revolution.— 198
Mettemich, Clemens Wenzel Lothar, Fürst von (1773-1859) — Austrian statesman and diplomat, Minister of Foreign Affairs (1809-21) and Chan-cellor (1821-48), one of the organisers of the Holy Alliance.— 314 Meyer, Julius (d. 1867) — Westphalian businessman and writer; "true socialist" in the mid-forties.— 541 Meyerbeer, Giacomo (Jacob Liebmann
Beer) (1791-1864) — composer, con-ductor and pianist, one of the creators of the French grand opera.— 468 Michelet, Karl Ludwig (1801-1893) — German Hegelian philosopher, professor at Berlin University.—121, 181, 182 Mill, James (1773-1836) —Scottish philosopher (follower of Bentham) tnd economist, adherent of Ricardo's theory.— 412 Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Victor Riqueti,
Comte de (1749-1791) —prominent figure in the French Revolution, was in favour of a constitutional monarchy.—526 Mohammed Ali (1769-1849) —Viceroy of Egypt (1805-49); introduced a series of progressive reforms.— 163
Monteil, Amans Alexis (1769-1850) — French historian.— 220, 343, 548
Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondât,
Baron de la Brède et de (1689-1755) — French philosopher and sociologist, Enlightener.— 286, 520, 523
Montgaillard, Guillaume Honoré Roques
(1772-1825) —French abbot, historian, royalist.—178 Montjoie, Félix Christophe Louis (1746-1816) — French royalist writer.— 178 More, Sir Thomas (1478-1535) —English statesman, Lord Chancellor (1529-32), humanist writer, one of the earliest Utopian communists, author of Utopia.—461
Morelly (18th cent.) — French advocate
of Utopian egalitarian communism.— 528 Morgan, John Minier (1782-1854) —
English writer, follower of Owen.— 461 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus ( 1756-1791) — Austrian composer.— 392, 485, 559
Mundt, Theodor ( 1808-1861) — German writer, belonged to the Young Germany literary movement; professor of literature and history at the uni-versities of Breslau and Berlin.— 484
N
Napoleon I (Bonaparte) (1769-1821) — Emperor of the French (1804-14 and 1815).—51, 136, 137, 146, 163, 195, 277, 353, 362, 398,445, 526, 553
Nauwerck (Nauwerk), Karl Ludwig Theodor (1810-1891) — German writer, member of "The Free", a Young-Hegelian circle in Berlin.— 110, 336
Neuhaus, Gustav Reinhardt (1823-1892) — German poet, a "true socialist" in the mid-forties.— 576
Newton, Sir Isaac (1642-1727) —English physicist, astronomer and mathematician.— 72, 500
Nougaret, Pierre Jean Baptiste (1724-1823) — French writer and historian.—178
O
O'Connell, Daniel (1775-1847) —Irish lawyer and politician, leader of the liberal wing of the Irish national liberation movement.— 249, 288, 529
Oelckers, Hermann Theodor (1816-1869) — German democratic writer.— 456 Opitz, Theodor— German writer, Young Hegelian.— 549, 575 Orion—see Meissner, Alfred Otto I (Otto the Child) (1815-1867) — Prince of Bavaria and from 1832 to 1862 King of Greece.— 353
Otto (-Peters), Luise (1819-1895) — German writer; in the mid-forties a "true socialist".— 560
Owen, Robert (1771-1858) —English Utopian socialist.— 7, 216, 392, 461
P
Parny, Evariste Desire de Forges, Vicomte de (1753-1814) —French poet.— 483 Peltier, Jean Gabriel (1765-1825) — French royalist writer.— 178
Péreire, Isaac (1806-1880) —French small broker, later banker; follower of Saint-Simon; Bonapartist, author of works on credit.— 232
Pericles (c. 490-429 B.C.) —Athenian statesman, leader of the democratic party.—138
Perseus — see Schnake, Friedrich
Persiani, Fanny (1812-1867) — Italian singer.— 440
Petty, Sir William (1623-1687) —English economist and statistician, founder of the classical school of bourgeois political economy in Britain.—197 Pfeffel, Gottlieb Konrad (1736-1809) — German writer of fables, poet and pedagogue.— 299 Pf ister, Johann Christian (1772-1835) — German churchman and historian.— 239 Philippson, Ludwig (1811-1889) —rabbi in Magdeburg, fought to secure equality for the Jews.— 114 Pilate, Pontius (died c. 37) — Roman procurator of Judaea (26-36); according to Christian tradition, or-dered the crucification of Jesus.— 138, 143 Pinto, Isaac (1715-1787) —Dutch economist and stockjobber.— 71, 361
Plato (c. 427-c. 347 B.C.) —Greek philosopher.— 143, 173
Plutarch (c. 46-c. 125) — Greek moralist writer and philosopher.— 142
Proudhon, Pierre Joseph (1809-1865) — French writer, economist and sociologist, one of the founders of anarchism.—179, 225, 336, 353, 364, 380, 423, 491-93, 511, 518, 529-30, 535
Prutz, Robert Eduard (1816-1872) — German poet and historian of literature.— 561
Ptolemy—name of a dynasty of Egyptian kings (305-30 B.C.).—163
Pufendorf, Samuel, Freiherr von (1632-1694) — German scholar, jurist and historian, expounded a theory of natural law.—522, 523
Püttmann, Hermann (1811-1894) — German radical poet and journalist, a "true socialist" in the mid-forties.—553-56, 558, 573-74, 577-80
Pythagoras (c. 571-497 B.C.) —Greek mathematician and philosopher.— 520
R
Rabelais, François (c. 1494-1553) — French humanist writer.— 191
Ram — see Weydemeyer, Joseph
Ranke, Leopold von (1795-1886) —German historian, professor at Berlin University.— 301
Raphael (Raffaello Santi) (1483-1520) — Italian painter.—390, 392-93
Régnier d'Estourbet, Hippolyte (pseudonym M. R.) (1804-1832) —French writer and historian.— 178
Reichardt, Carl Ernst—a Berlin bookbinder, follower of Bruno Bauer,
contributed to the Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung.— 110, 220, 232
Reinhardt, Richard (1 829-1 898) —German poet, emigrated to Paris, Heine's secretary.— 577
Rempel, £udo//( 1815-186.8) — German entrepreneur, in the mid-forties a "true socialist".— 541
Reybaud, Marie Roch Louis (1799-1879)
— French writer and economist, liberal.—493-95, 496, 498, 500, 503-07, 509, 519, 530
Ricardo, David (1772-1823) —English economist.— 403
Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de (1758-1794) —leading figure in the French Revolution, leader of the Jacobins; head of the revolutionary government (1793-94).— 177-79, 243, 249, 338, 403, 485
Rochau, August Ludwig von (pseudonym Churoa) (1810-1873) —German liberal writer and historian.— 510
Rochow, Friedrich Eberhard von (1734-1805) — German teacher, author of moralising books for young people. — 568
Rodrigues, Benjamin Olinde ( 1794-1851)
— French financier, disciple of Saint-Simon, one of the founders and leaders of the Saint-Simonian school.—493, 500
Rohmer, Friedrich (1814-1856) —German philosopher.— 536
Roland de la Platière, Jeanne Marie ou Manon Phlipon (1754-1793) — French writer, played an active part in the French Revolution, Girondist.—178
Rosenkranz, Johann Karl Friedrich (1805-1879) — German philosopher and historian of literature, follower of Hegel.—508
Rothschild, James ( 1792-1868) — head of the Rothschild banking house in Paris.—353, 544 Rotteck, Karl Wenzeslaus Rodecker von (1775-1840) — German historian and liberal politician.— 353
Rousseau, Jean Jacques (1712-1778) — French philosopher and writer of the Enlightenment.—80, 199, 334, 402, 523, 524 Ruge, Arnold (1802-1880) —German radical writer and philosopher, Young Hegelian.—96, 236, 247
Rumford—see Thompson, Benjamin
Rutenberg, Adolf (1808-1869) —German writer, Young Hegelian.— 336
S
Saint-Just, Louis Antoine Léon de (1767-1794) — one of the leaders of the Jacobins in the French Revolution.— 177-79, 243, 338, 403
Saint-Simon, Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de (1760-1825) —French Utopian socialist.— 464, 474-75, 484, 491, 493-508
Sancho, Saint—see Stirner, Max Sand, George (pseudonym of Amandine Lucie Aurore Dupin, Baronne Dude-vant) ( 1804-1876) — French writer.— 179
Sarran (Sarrans), Jean Raimond Pascal (1780-1844) — French royalist writer.—346
Sass, Friedrich (1819-1851) — German writer, "true socialist".— 573
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von (1775-1854) — German philosopher. — 134, 491
Scherr, Johannes (1817-1886) — German liberal historian and writer.— 575
Schikaneder, Emanuel (1751-1812) — Austrian actor, producer and playwright.— 485
Schiller, Friedrich von (1759-1805) — German poet, historian and philosopher.— 105, 113, 489, 522, 523, 544, 553, 559, 561, 574
Schirges, Georg Gottlieb (1811-1879) — German writer; in the mid-forties a "true socialist".— 543, 544
Schlegel, August Wilhelm von (1767-1845) — German romantic poet, translator, critic and historian of literature.— 406
Schlosser, Friedrich Christoph (1776-1861) — German historian, democrat.—336
Schlüssel, G. — editor and publisher of the journal Veilchen (1846-47), "true socialist".— 559
Schmidt, Johann Caspar.— see Stirner, Max
Schnake, Friedrich — German journalist; in the mid-forties a "true socialist".— 542, 549, 550-52, 555, 559
Schweitzer, Joseph— German poet, "true socialist".— 575, 576
Schwerdtlein, Rudolf — German poet, "true socialist".— 578 Scribe, Eugene (1791-1861) — French playwright.— 468
Semmig, Friedrich Hermann (1820-1897) — German writer, in the mid-forties a "true socialist".— 458, 556-61, 575
Senior, Nassau William (1790-1864) — English economist, vulgarised Ricardo's theory.— 360
Shakespeare, William ( 1564-1616) — English dramatist and poet.— 106, 230, 231, 326, 561
Sieyès, Emmanuel Joseph (1748-1836) — French abbot, played an active part in the French Revolution.— 520, 526
Sigismund I (c. 1361-1437) —Holy Roman Emperor (1410-37).—274
Sismondi, Jean Charles Léonard Simonde de (1773-1842) — Swiss economist, representative of economic romanticism.—86, 202, 509
Smith, Adam (1723-1790) —Scottish economist.—72, 392, 525 Socrates (c. 469-c. 399 B.C.) —Greek philosopher.—138, 147, 154
Sophocles (c. 497-c. 406 B.C.) —Greek dramatist.—137
Southwell, Charles (1814-1860) —English Utopian socialist, follower of Owen.— 461 Spartacus (d. 71 B.C.) — leader of the greatest slave revolt in ancient Rome (73-71 B.C.).—220
Spence, Thomas (1750-1814) —English Utopian socialist, advocated the abolition of private ownership of land and the establishment of a kind of agrarian socialism.— 461
Spinoza, Baruch (or Benedict) de (1632-1677) —Dutch philosopher.—98, 106, 178, 179, 321
Stehely — owner of a café in Berlin; members of "The Free" used to meet there in the forties.—324
Stein, Heinrich Friedrich Karl, Baron
vom und zum (1757-1831) — Prussian statesman, held high government office between 1804 and 1808, helped to introduce moderate reforms.— 352
Stein, Lorenz von (1815-1890) —German lawyer and historian, author of works on the socialist movement, sup-porter of a "social monarchy".— 210, 456, 484, 493-504, 506-11, 528, 530, 535
Steinmann, Friedrich Arnold (1801-1875) —German writer.—549, 550
Stirner, Max (pseudonym of Johann Caspar Schmidt) (1806-1856) — German philosopher, Young Hegelian, one of the ideologists of individualism and anarchism"— 19-23, 29, 30,54, 55-59, 62, 65, 76, 83, 95, 97, 99-100, 102, 106, 107, 114-21, 123, 124, 126, 129, 133, 134, 136-330, 332-43, 345-452, 455, 463, 467, 572
Stratton, Charles Sherwood (1838-1883) — American dwarf who appeared in circus shows under the
name of "General Tom Thumb".— 116
Strauss, David Friedrich (1808-1874) — German philosopher and writer, Young Hegelian.— 27, 29, 175
Sue, Eugene (1804-1857) —French writer, author of sentimental novels on social themes.— 571
Szeliga — see Zychlinski, Franz Zychlin von
T
Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles Maurice de
(1754-1838) — French diplomat and statesman; Bishop of Autun (1788-91); Minister of Foreign Affairs (1797-99, 1799-1807 and 1814-15), represented France at the Congress of Vienna (1814-15).—198-99
Tertullian (Quintus Septimha Florens Tertullianus) (c. 150-c. 222) —Christian theologian and writer.— 163
Teste, Charles (d. 1848) —French Utopian communist, follower of Babeuf, took part in the republican movement during the July monarchy.— 508
Themistocles (c. 525-c. 460 B.C.) — Athenian statesman and general at the time of the Persian wars.— 353
Thiers, Louis Adolphe (1797-1877) — French historian and statesman. Prime Minister (1836-40), after 1848 leader of the Orleanists, organised the suppression of the Paris Commune; President of the Republic (1871-73).—546, 547
Thompson, Benjamin, Count Rumford (1753-1814) —English officer of American descent; was for a time in the service of the Bavarian government; organised workhouses for beggars and compiled recipes for paupers' broths made up of cheap substitutes.—235, 272 Thomposon, William (c. 1785-1833) — Irish economist, arrived at socialist conclusions on the basis of Ricardo's theory; follower of Owen.—461
Timon of Phlius (c. 320-c. 230 B.C.) — Greek sceptic philosopher.—138, 143
Titian (Tiziano Vecellio) (1477-1576) — Italian painter of the Venetian school.—393 Tom Thumb—see Stratton, Charles Sherwood Trajan (Marcus Ulpius Nerva Trajanus) (c. 53-117) —Roman Emperor (98-117).—458
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, Baron de l'Aulne (1727-1781) — French economist and statesman; Physiocrat; Controller-General of Finance (1774-76).—514, 523-25
Twins—see Rempel, Rudolf and Meyer, Julius
Tyler, Wat(d. 1381) —leader of the English peasant revolt of 1381.— 204
Tyrtaeus (7th cent. B.C.) — Greek poet.— 485
U
Ursa Major— see Püttmann, Hermann
V
Venedey, Jakob (1805-1871) —German radical writer and politician; became a liberal after the revolution ol 1848.—57 Vernet, Jean Horace (1789-1863) — French painter of battle scenes.— 393
Victoria ( 1819-1901 ) — Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901).— 542
Villegardelle, François (1810-1856) — French writer, follower of Fourier, later Utopian communist.— 528
Vincke, Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm Philipp, Freiherr von (1774-1844) — Prussian statesman.— 352 Virgil (Vergil) (Publius Vergilius Maro) (70-19 B.C.) —Roman poet.—423 Voltaire, François Marie Arouet (1694-1778) — French philosopher, writer and historian of the Enlightenment.— 525
W
Wackenroder, Wilhelm Heinrich (1773-1798) — German romantic writer.— 471 Wade, John (1788-1875) — English writer, economist and historian.— 202
Washington, George (1732-1799) — American statesman and general, Commander-in-Chief of the North-American forces during the American War of Independence (1775-83); first President of the U.S.A. (1789-97).—493
Watts, John (1818-1887)— English Utopian socialist, follower of Owen.— 212, 461
Weber, Carl Maria von (1786-1826) — German composer.—102, 149, 398
Weerth, Georg (1822-1856) — German proletarian poet and journalist; a friend of Marx and Engels.— 574
Weitling, Wilhelm Christian ( 1808-1871) — leader of the German working-class movement in its early period, one of the theoreticians of Utopian egalitarian communism; a tailor by trade.—206, 226,461
Westminster— see Grosvenor, Richard Weydemeyer, Joseph (1818-1866) — leader of the German and American working-class movements; in 1846-47 he was under the influence of the "true socialists", subsequently he became a comrade-in-arms of Marx and Engels; later one of the first to propagate Marxism in the U.S. A.— 541-46, 548, 556 Wigand, Otto (1795-1870) —German publisher and bookseller, owner of a firm in Leipzig which published works by radical writers.— 117
Woeniger, August Theodor— German writer.—220, 232
Z
Zeno (c. 430-491) — Byzantine Emperor (474-91).—204
Abigail (Bib.) — the wife of Nabal, a wealthy owner of herds of sheep.— 158
Abraham (Bib.).—201
Adam (Bib.).—110, 515
Amadis of Gaul — hero of a medieval Spanish romance of chivalry.— 342
Amon (Bib.) — a king of Judah.— 108 Antigone — in Greek legend, daughter
of Oedipus, King of Thebes; heroine of Sophocles' tragedy Antigone.— 137 Baal — chief deity of the Phoenicians.
— 108, 535
Balaam (Bib.) — a prophet.— 103
Ben Himmon (Bib.)—108
Cain (Bib.) — a son of Adam and Eve; murderer of Abel, his brother.— 103
Charon (Gr. Myth.) — ferryman who conveyed the souls of the dead across the river Styx.— 102
Christ—see Jesus Christ
Clavileno — a toy-horse in Cervantes' Don Quixote.— 369, 388
Crispinus — a character from Juvenal's satire.—172, 225 Danaides (Gr. Myth.) — the daughters of King Danaus who murdered their husbands at their father's command;
Zeno of Citium (c. 336-264 B.C.) —. Greek philosopher, founder of the Stoic school.—140 Zychlinski, Franz Zychlin von (1816-1900) — Prussian officer, Young Hegelian; contributed to Bruno Bauer's periodicals under the pseudonym of Szeliga.—117, 121, 122, 123, 149, 150-53, 154-55, 160, 170, 190-92, 224, 238, 246, 269-71, 277, 285, 295, 316, 343, 344, 345, 366, 369, 386, 397, 398, 447, 448-49.
they were condemned by the gods eternally to fill bottomless vessels with water.— 157
Dioscuri (Gr. Myth.) — Castor and Pollux, the twin sons of Zeus, by whom they were turned into the constellation Gemini (the Twins); as such they were considered to be the patrons of seamen.— 234
Don Quixote de la Mahcha — hero of Cervantes' Don Quixote; see Zychlinski (Szeliga)
Dottore Graziano — a personage in the Italian Commedia dell'arie, pseudo-scholar and pedant; see Ruge, Arnold
Dulcinea del Toboso — a character in Cervantes' Don Quixote; see Dähnhardt, Marie Wilhelmine
Eckart—à hero of German medieval legends, the "prototype of a staunch friend and trustworthy guardian.— 149
Emanuel—a character in Jean Paul's novel Hesperus oder 45 Hundspost-tage.— 138
Eumenides (Gr. Myth.) — goddesses of revenge.— 122
Eve (Bib.).— 110
Ezekiel (Bib.) — a prophet, author of the Book of Ezekiel.— 103
INDEX OF LITERARY AND MYTHOLOGICAL NAMES Faust—hero of Goethe's tragedy Faust.— 330, 415, 434
Gines de Passamonte — a character in Cervantes' Don Quixote.— 346
Gorgon (Gr. Myth.) — one of three snake-haired sisters, the sight of whom turned the beholder into stone.— 553
Habakkuk (Bib.) — a prophet.— 354
Humanus—a mysterious wise man and hero in Goethe's unfinished poem "Die Geheimnisse".— 415
Isaiah (Bib.) — a prophet, author of the Book of Isaiah.—233, 343
Jacob (Bib.) — traditional ancestor of the people of Israel.— 104
Jacques le bonhomme (Jack the Simpleton)— name given to the French peasant; see Stirner, Max
James (Bib.) — one of the twelve apostles of Jesus.—327, 331 Jehovah (Yahweh, Yahve) (Bib.) — principal name of God in the Old Testament.— 108
Jeremiah (Bib.) — a prophet who in his Lamentations mourns the destruction of Jerusalem.— 108
Jesus Christ (Bib.).—154, 158, 188, 253, 381, 426, 565
Job (Bib.) — a patriarch.— 241
John (the Apostle) (Bib.) — one of the twelve apostles of Jesus; he is regarded as the author of the fourth Gospel and of the Revelation (Apocalypse).—128, 150, 153, 185, 222, 317, 377, 381, 431, 460
Joshua (Bib.) — leader of the Israel-ites.— 186
Josiah (Bib.) — a prophet.—-108
Jude (Bib.) — one of the twelve apostles of Jesus.— 103
Knight of the mirror—a character in Cervantes' Don Quixote; see Schnake, Friedrich
Korah (Bib.) — headed an unsuccessful revolt against Moses and perished.— 103
Luke (Bib.) — according to Christian tradition, author of the third Gospel and of the Acts of the Apostles.— 215, 294, 509
Malambruno — a magician, a character in Cervantes' Don Quixote.— 369
Malvolio — a character in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night, a rather stupid and arrogant steward.— 106
Maritornes — a character in Cervantes' Don Quixote; see Däknhardt, Marie
Wilhelmine
Mark (Bib.) — according to Christian tradition, author of the second Gospel.—137, 244, 317, 377
Mary (Bib.).—16
Matthew (Bib.) — one of the twelve apostles of Jesus; according to Christian tradition, author of the first Gospel.—104, 149, 152, 162, 188, 192, 288, 327, 381, 385, 472, 483
Merlin — a soothsayer and magician in medieval English legend.— 207, 341
Minos (Gr. Myth.) — King of Crete and wise judge.— 520
Moor, Karl — one of the principal characters in Schiller's drama Die
Räuber, a high-minded robber.— 489, 562, 563, 565, 568
Moor, Karl, the Second — see Meissner,
Alfred
Moses (Bib.) — a prophet.— 110, 406, 424
Nabal (Bib.) — wealthy owner of herds of sheep.—158
Nante the loafer — a character in Karl von Holtei's play Ein Trauerspiel in Berlin and in a popular farce "Der Eckensteher Nante im Verhör", a garrulous, philosophising wag, who seizes every opportunity to crack stale jokes.— 272 i\emesis (Gr. Myth.) — goddess of retribution.— 549, 553
Noah (Bib.) — a patriarch.— 485
Paul (Bib.) — Christian saint and apostle.—142
Peter (Bib.) — one of the twelve apostles of Jesus.— 188
Phaëthon (Gr. Myth.) — son of Helios, the Sun-god.—369
Polynices (Gr. Myth.) — son of Oedipus, King of Thebes, and brother of Eteocles. The two brothers killed each other fighting for power. Polynices was buried by his sister Antigone against the command of the new king. (This is described by Sophocles in his tragedy Antigone.) — 137
Poseidon (Gr. Myth.) — god of the sea. — 122, 299
Rhadamanthus (Gr. Myth.) — stern and incorruptible judge.— 484
Rudolph, Prince of Geroldstein (Gerol-stein)— main character of Eugène Sue's novel Les Mystères de Paris.— 16
Sancho Panza — a character in Cervantes' Don Quixote; see Stirner, Max
Sarastro — a character in Mozart's opera Die Zauberflöte, good magician.— 485
Schweizer—a character in Schiller's drama Die Räuber, an upright, honest and courageous man.— 562
Sesostris—- the name of three Egyptian pharaohs of the 20th and 19th centuries B.C. The Sesostris mentioned by the Greek historians Herodotus and Diodorus shows traits of all three pharaohs.—136
Solomon (Bib.) — King of Israel, reput-ed very wise.—310, 421, 427
Spiegelberg — a character in Schiller's drama Die Räuber, an inveterate criminal devoid of all moral principles.—562
Timothy (Bib.) — according to Christian tradition, a disciple of the Apostle Paul — 103 Torralva — a character in Cervantes' Don Quixote; see Dähnhardt, Marie Wilhelmine
Ursula, St.—legendary Christian saint. — 283
Werther—the main character of Goethe's novel Die Leiden des jungen Werthers.— 563
Zeus (Gr. Myth.)—the principal god of the Greeks.—108
Zoroaster (or Zarathustra) (6th cent. B.C.) — legendary founder of the ancient Persian religion.— 521