Name Index

A

Abd-el-Kuder (c. 1808-1883) — Emir of Algeria, one of the Arab leaders in the national liberation wars of 1832-47 in Morocco and Algeria against the French conquerors.— 528, 529 Abd ur-Rahman II (c. 1790-1859) —Emperor of Morocco (1822-59).—528 Aeschylus (525-456 B.C.) — Greek dramatist.—179, 307 Alexander of Macedon (Alexander the Great) (356-323 B.C.) —soldier and statesman of the ancient world.— 489 Alison, Sir Archibald (1792-1867) — Scottish historian and economist, Tory.—436, 438, 440, 452 Alison, William Pulteney (1790-1859) — professor of medicine at Edinburgh University, Tory.— 451 Anacharsis (c. 600 B.C.) — Greek philosopher, Scythian by birth.— 180 Arago, Dominique François (1786-1853) — French astronomer, physicist and mathematician; politician, Republican.— 353 Arcelin — military surgeon, served in the French army in Algeria (1841-43).— 529 Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) —Greek philosopher.—137, 305 Arkwright, Sir Richard (1732-1792) — English industrialist, introduced

spinning-looms in production that were later named after him.— 442, 479, 480, 482 Ashley (Cooper, Anthony Ashley, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury) (1801-1885) —English politician, Tory philanthropist.— 447 Aumale, Henri Eugène Philippe Louis d'Orléans, Duc d' (1822-1897) — son of King of the French Louis Philippe; took part in the conquest of Algeria in the forties, one of the commanders in the French army.— 528, 529

B

Babeuf, François Noel (Gracchus) (1760-1797) — French revolutionary, advocate of Utopian equalitarian communism, organiser of the conspiracy of "equals".—393, 396, 397 Bacon, Francis, Baron Verulam, Viscount St. Albans (1561-1626) —English philosopher, naturalist and historian.— 193, 472, 490 Bairstow, Jonathan (born c. 1819) — participant in the Chartist movement, delegate to the Chartist Convention (1842).—398 Barbaroux, Charles Jean Marie (1767-1794) — leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Girondist.— 364, 365, 369, 370 Barère de Vieuzac, Bertrand ( 1755-1841) — French lawyer, leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, supported the Jacobins; subsequently took part in the Thermidorian coup.—197, 362, 369 Barmby, John Goodwyn (1820-1881)— English publicist, Christian Socialist, founder of the Communist Propaganda Society.— 414 Bauer, Bruno (1809-1882)—German philosopher, one of the Young Hegelians.—146-50, 152, 154, 157, 160, 168-72, 231, 232, 327, 356, 406, 462, 578 Bauer, Edgar (1820-1886)—German philosopher and publicist, Young Hegelian, brother and supporter of Bruno Bauer.—407 Bazire, Claude (1764-1794)—leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Danton's supporter.— 372 Beaumont de la Bonniniire, Gustave Auguste de (1802-1866)—French liberal publicist and politician, author of a number of works on slavery in the United States of America.— 150, 151, 159, 161, 171 Beltz, Peter— Kreuznach tailor, witness to the signing of the marriage contract between Karl Marx and Jenny von Westphalen.—572 Benkendorff, Alexander Christoforovich (1783-1844) — Count, closest assistant of Emperor of Russia Nicholas I, organiser of the secret police in Russia.— 524 Bentham, Jeremy (1748-1832)—English sociologist, theoretician of utilitar-ianism.—486, 502 Bergasse, Nicolas (1750-1832)—French lawyer and politician, monarchist. —287 Berthollet, Claude Louis, Comte de (1748-1822)—French chemist.—428 Biron, Armand Louis de Gontaut, Due

de (1747-1793)—leading figure in

the French Revolution, general, La Fayette's follower,— 370 Black, Joseph (1728-1799)—Scottish physicist and chemist.—470 Blackstone, Sir William (1723-1780)— English lawyer, advocate of constitutional monarchy.— 492 Blanc, Jean Joseph Louis (1811-1882)— French petty-bourgeois Socialist, historian.— 352 Bluntschli, Johann Caspar (1808-1881)— Swiss lawyer and conservative politician.—352, 403, 410 Boileau, Jacques (1752-1793)—leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Girondist.— 369 Boissy d'Anglas, François Antoine, Comte de (1756-1826)—leading figure in the French Revolution, lawyer and writer, deputy to the Convention, representative of the Marsh.— 362 Börne, Ludwig (1786-1837)—German critic and publicist.— 394 Bourbons—French royal dynasty (1589-1792, 1814-15 and 1815-30).—134, 371 Boi—see Dickens, Charles Bridgewater, Francis Egerton, Duke of (1736-1803) —powerful English landowner, builder of canals.— 485 Brougham and Vaux, Henry Peter, 1st Baron (1778-1868) —British statesman, lawyer and writer, Whig.— 243 Bûchez, Philippe Joseph Benjamin (1796-1865)—French politician, historian, Christian Socialist.—165 Buffon, Georges Louis Ledere, Comte de

(1707-1788)—French naturalist.— 470 Bunsen, Christian Karl Josias, Baron von (1791-1860)—Prussian diplomat, publicist and theologian.— 210 Buonarroti, Filippo Michèle (1761-1837)— Italian revolutionary, Utopian Communist; a leader of the revolutionary movement in France in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Babeufs comrade-in-arms.— 393 Buret, Eugene ( 1811 -1842)—French economist, petty-bourgeois Socialist.—194, 196, 244, 245, 257 Burger, Wilhelm Christion Heinrich— Kreuznach notary.— 571, 572 Buss, Fronz—Oberbürgermeister of Kreuznach in 1843.—573, 574 Buiot, François Léonard Nicolas (1760-1793)—leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Girondist.—362, 364, 365, 369, 370, 371 Byron, George Gordon Noel, Lord (1788-1824)—English romantic poet.— 380

C

Cabet, Etienne (1788-1856) —French publicist, advocate of Utopian communism, author of Voyage en Icarie.—143, 297, 397, 398, 400, 402, 411-13 Caesar, Gains Julius (c. 100-44 B.C.)— Roman soldier and statesman.— 208, 489 Camfracerès, Jean Jacques Régis de (1753-1824) — took part in the French Revolution, lawyer, deputy to the Convention, Girondist; subsequently a statesman under Napoleon's rule.— 364, 369 Cambon, Pierre Joseph (1756-1820)— leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Montagnard.—364, 365, 369 Cancrin, Yegor Frantsevich (1774-1845) —Russian statesman, Minister of Finance under Nicholas I.— 524 Carlile, Richard (1790-1843) —English radical publicist.— 504 Carlyle, Thomas (1795-1881)—British writer, historian and philosopher, supported the Tories; preached views bordering on feudal socialism up to 1848; later a relentless opponent of the working-class movement.— 379, 444, 447, 449, 450, 452, 453, 455, 456, 457, 460-67, 476 Carnot, Lazare Nicolas Marguerite (1753-1823)—leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, an organiser of the revolutionary army.— 365

Cortoright, Edmund (1743-1823)—English inventor.—428, 479 Chaho«, François (1759-1794)—clergyman, took part in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Jacobin.—372 Charles 11 (1630-1685)—King of Great Britain and Ireland (1660-85).—457 Chevalier, Michel (1806-1879)—French engineer, economist and publicist, Saint-Simonist in the thirties, later a free trader.—203, 288, 310-11 elevens, Heinrich Balthasar Christian— petty official from Kreuznach, witness at the marriage of Karl Marx and Jenny von Westphalen.— 574 CoMen, Richard (1804-1865)—English manufacturer and politician, a leader of the free traders and founder of the Anti-Corn Law League.—445, 497 Colonna, Stefano (Stephen) (d. 1379)— member of the princely Roman family, senator, leader of the Ghibelline party; was in constant rivalry with the Orsini family; one of the opposition leaders against Cola di Rienzi; friend of Petrarch.—537-41, 543, 548-55, 557 Columbus, Christopher (1451-1506) —Italian navigator, discoverer of America. — 395 Considérant, Victor Prosper (1808-1893)— French publicist, Utopian Socialist, disciple and follower of Fourier.— 396, 413 Constant, Alphonse Louis (1816-1875)— French writer, abbot, Christian Socialist.— 414 Constant de Rebecque, Henri Benjamin (1767-1830)—French liberal politician, publicist and writer.—412, 414 Cooper, Thomas (1805-1892)—English poet and journalist; at the beginning of the forties was active in the Chartist movement; later propagated Christianity.— 383 Courier, Paul Louis (1773-1825)— French philologist and publicist, democrat.— 288 Cousin, Victor (1792-1867)—French philosopher.— 350 Couthon, Georges (1755-1794) —leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Jacobin, supporter of Robespierre.— 374 Crétet, Emmanuel (1747-1809) —French politician, Minister of Internal Affairs under Napoleon.— 196 Crochard — sub-lieutenant of the French army in Algeria (1841-43).—529 Crompton, Samuel (1753-1827) —English inventor.—442, 479, 480 Cromwell, Oliver ( 1599-1658) — one of the leaders of the English revolution; became Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1653.— 456, 473, 492

D

Danton, Georges Jacques (1759-1794) — leading figure in the French Revolution, leader of the Jacobin Right wing.—363, 364, 366-70, 373, 374 Davy, Sir Humphry (1778-1829) —English chemist and physicist.— 428, 440 Delaunay dAngers, Joseph (1746-1794) — leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Girondist.—370 Delolme, Jean Louis (1741-1806) — Swiss statesman, lawyer, advocate of constitutional monarchy.— 492 Desmoulins, Lucie Simplice Camille Benoît

(1760-1794) —French publicist, leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, belonged to the Jacobin Right wing.— 287, 374 Destutt de Tracy, Antoine Louis Claude,

Comte de (1754-1836) —French economist, philosopher, advocate of constitutional monarchy.—217, 288, 319 Dézamy, Théodore (1803-1850)—French publicist, advocate of Utopian communism.— 143 Dickens, Charles John Huffam (1812-1870) —English writer.—415 Dierig — manufacturer in Langenbielau (Silesia).—533 Doherty, Hugh—Irish philologist and philosopher, follower of Fourier.— 396

Dubois-Crancé, Edmond Louis Alexis (1747-1814) —leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Montagnard.— 372 Ducos, Roger (1747-1816) —leading figure in the French Revolution, chairman of the Jacobin Club (1794); subsequently took part in the Bona-partist coup (1799).—374 Dulaure, Jacques Antoine (1755-1835) — leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, representative of the Marsh.— 362 Dumouriez, Charles François du Verier (1739-1823) —leading figure in the French Revolution, general, closely associated with the Girondists, be-trayed revolutionary France in 1793. — 371, 372, 373 Duncombe, Thomas Slingsby (1796-1861) — English politician, radical, active in the Chartist movement in the forties.—381, 383, 497

E

Edward III (1312-1377)—King of England (1327-77).—194 Elizabeth I (1533-1603) —Queen of England (1558-1603).—194, 495, 503 Elizabeth (1801-1873) —wife of Frederick William IV.— 207 Engelmann, Karl—Kreuznach doctor, witness at the marriage of Karl Marx and Jenny von Westphalen.— 574 Engels, Frederick (1820-1895) —232, 290, 351-52, 354, 375, 381, 387, 392, 397, 398, 404, 407, 410-13, 414, 446, 448, 449, 455, 456, 458, 459, 460, 490, 492, 514, 532 Eules, Betty — sentenced to death for mur-dering her children to save them from dire poverty and starvation.— 449 Ewerbeck, August Hermann (1816-1860) — German doctor and man of letters, leader of the Paris communities of the League of the Just, later member of the Communist League.— 354 F

Ferrand, William Bushfield — English landowner, Tory supporter, member of the Young England group.— 447 Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas von (1804-1872) — German philosopher.— 144, 232-34, 303, 327-29, 339, 349-52, 354-57, 406, 427, 461, 462, 463 Fichte, Johann Gottlieb (1762-1814) — German philosopher.— 404 Fleming, George Alexander—editor of the Owenist journal The New Moral World (1837-44); in 1845 founded the journal The Moral World which appeared for a few months.— 407 Fonblanque, Albany William (1793-1872) — English liberal journalist.— 509 Fourier, François Marie Charles (1772-1837)—French Utopian Socialist.— 143, 294, 355, 392, 394-96, 398, 412, 413, 435 Fournier-Lhéritier, Claude (called Fournier

l'Américain) (1745-1825) —leading figure in the French Revolution, Cordelier.—372 Frankenthaler— friend of Marx's family in Trier.— 578 Frederich William III (1770-1840)—King of Prussia (1797-1840).— 139-40 Frederick William IV (1795-1861) — King of Prussia (1840-61).—134, 138-40, 184, 189-91, 193, 195-97, 199, 207-10, 406, 515, 516, 530, 571, 580 Frobel, Julius (1805-1893) —German radical publicist and publisher of progressive literature.— 351-53 Funck — Trier notary.— 574 funke, Georg Ludwig Wilhelm—German theologian, Right-wing Hegelian.— 287

G

Ganilh, Charles (1758-1836) —French economist and politician, epigone of mercantilism.— 288 Gensonné, Armand (1758-1793) — leading figure in the French Revolution,

deputy to the Convention, a Girondist leader.— 365 George I (1660-1727)—King of Great Britain and Ireland (1714-27).—478, 491 George III (1738-1820)—King of Great Britain and Ireland (1760-1820).— 478 Gerhard — Bonn official.— 574 Gibson, Thomas Milner (1806-1884) — English politician and statesman, free trader.— 503 Girard, Philippe Henri de (1775-1845) — French engineer, inventor.— 481 Gladstone, William Ewart (1809-1898) — British politician and statesman, Tory and later Peelite, leader of the Liberal Party and head of.a number of Liberal cabinets in the latter half of the 19th century.— 382 Godwin, William (1756-1836) —English writer and publicist, one of the founders of anarchism.— 486 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832) —German poet.—134, 323, 324, 458, 461, 465 Gorsas, Antoine Joseph (1751-1793) — leading figure in the French Revolution, publicist, publisher of the newspaper Courrier de Versailles à Paris et de Paris à Versailles, deputy to the Convention, Girondist. — 372 Go'rtz — Oberbürgermeister of Trier in 1844.—574, 582 Graham, Sir James Robert George (1792-1861) — English statesman, Home Secretary in Peel's Cabinet (1841-46). — 381, 382, 500 Grégoire, Henri (1750-1831) —priest, took part in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Jacobin.— 363, 368 Gruppe, Otto Friedrich (1804-1876) —German publicist and philosopher, opponent of the Young Hegelians, attacked Bruno Bauer in 1842.—327 Guadet, Marguerite Elie (1758-1794) — leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Girondist.—365, 367, 370, 373, 374 Guerrier—French Socialist, close associate of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels in the 1840s.—354, 584 Gurowski, Adam (1805-1866)—Polish publicist, took part in the Polish uprising (1830-31); subsequently betrayed the national liberation movement and emigrated to the United States in 1849.—519

H

Hagen, Karl (1810-1868)—German historian and politician, Privatdocent at Heidelberg University.— 352 Haller, Karl Ludwig von (1768-1854)— Swiss lawyer and historian, supporter of absolutism.— 287 Hamilton, Thomas (1789-1842)—English writer, author of Men and Manners in North America.—151, 153, 170 Hargreaves, James (d. 1778)—English inventor.—442, 479 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770-1831) — German philosopher.— 4-16, 19-39, 41, 42, 44-57, 58-74, 75-80, 82-104, 107, 108, 111-17, 121-25, 128-29, 130, 153, 155, 163, 175, 181, 231-33, 313, 326-34, 338-45, 404-06, 457, 461, 463, 486 Heine, Heinrich (1797-1856) — German revolutionary poet.— 579, 580 Heine, Mathilde (1815-1883)—Heinrich

Heine's wife.— 579 Herwegh, Georg (1817-1875)—German democratic poet.—146, 406, 577, 584 Hess, Moses (1812-1875)—German radical publicist, one of the chief representatives of "true socialism" in the mid-forties.—232, 300, 352, 406 Heubel, Carolina—see Westphalen, Caroline von Hoffmann von Fallersieben, August Heinrich (1798-1874)—German poet and philologist.— 515 Holbach, Paul Henri Dietrich, Baron a" (1723-1789) —French philosopher, Enlightener.—380 Hume, David (1711-1776)—British philosopher, historian and economist.— 472 Huntoman, Benjamin (1704-1776)— English inventor.— 484

J

Jettchen—see Simons, Henriette Jonson, Benjamin (c. 1573-1637) — English dramatist.— 451, 465 Joseph Egalité—see d'Orléans, Louis Philippe Joseph Jung, Georg Gottlob (1814-1886) —German publicist, Young Hegelian, one of the managers of the Rheinische Zeitung.— 583

K

Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804)—German philosopher.—404, 406 Kapp, Christian (1790-1874)—German philosopher, Young Hegelian, friend of Ludwig Feuerbach.— 350, 352 Kay-Shuttlemorth, Sir James Phillips (1804-1877)—English physician, public figure.—193 Keller, Valentin—witness at the marriage of Karl Marx and Jenny von Westphalen.—574 Kepler, Johann (1571-1630)—German mathematician and astronomer.— 459 Kersaint, Armand Gui Simon de Coet-nempren, Comte de ( 1742-1793) — leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Girondist. — 363, 368 Kosegarten, Wilhelm (1792-1868)—German publicist.— 287

L

Lacroix, Jean François (1754-1794)— leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, one of Damon's supporters.— 369, 374 La Fayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch

Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de (1757-1834)—leading figure in the French Revolution, one of the leaders of the moderate constitutionalists (Feuillants); fled to Holland in 1793.— 362 Laffitte, Jacques (1767-1844)—French banker and liberal politician, headed the government in the early period of the July monarchy (1830-31).—527, 528 Lamartine, Alphonse Marie Louis de (1790-1869)—French poet, historian and politician, one of the leaders of the moderate Republicans in the forties.—132, 353 Lamennais, Hugues Félicité Robert de (1782-1854) —French abbot, publicist, Christian Socialist.—132, 399 Lameth, Alexander, Comte de (1760-1829)—leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Constituent Assembly, one of the leaders of the moderate constitutionalists (Feuillants); fled to Austria in 1793.—363, 367 Lameth, Charles, Comte de (1757-1832)— leading figure in the French Revolution, brother of Alexander Lameth, deputy to the Constituent Assembly, Feuillant; fled to Germany after August 10, 1792.—363, 367 Landzolle, Karl Wilhelm von Deleuze de

(1796-1871)—German lawyer, author of works on the history of the German states.—287 Lanjuinais, Jean Denis, Comte (1753-1827)—leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Girondist.— 365, 370 Larivière, Pierre François Joachim Henri

de (1761-1838)—leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Girondist, after 9 Thermidor supporter of the restoration of monarchy.— 370 La Source, Marie David Albin (1762-1793)—leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Girondist.— 372, 373

Lauderdale, James Maitland, 8th Earl of (1759-1839)—British politician and economist, criticised Adam Smith's theories.—309

Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent (1743-1794)—

French chemist.— 470 Lehmann—friend of Heinrich Marx's and Ludwig von Westphalen's families in Trier.—576, 579 Leiimiz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Baron von

(1646-1716)—German philosopher and mathematician.—404 Leo, Heinrich (1799-1878)—German historian and publicist, ideologist of Junkerdom.— 287 Le Peletier (or Lepelletier), de Saint-

Fargeau, Louis Michel (1760-1793)— leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Jacobin.—366, 371

Leroux, Pierre (1797-1871)—French publicist, Utopian Socialist.— 350, 399, 400 Levasseurde la Sarthe, Rene'(1747-1834)— physician, leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Jacobin, author of the memoirs on the French Revolution.— 361, 371, 374 Ltetig, Justus von, Baron (1803-1873)— German chemist.— 428, 440 Linné', Cari von (1707-1778)—Swedish naturalist, first devised the classi-fication systems for plants and animals.—470 List, Friedrich (1789-1846) —German vulgar economist, advocated protectionism.—179, 421 Locke, John (1632-1704)—English dualist philosopher and economist.—478, 490 Lolme, de—see Delolme, Jean Louis Loudon, Charles (1801-1844)—English doctor, member of the Commission for Investigating Factory Labour.— 244 Louis XVI (1754-1793)—King of France (1774-92).—361, 371 Louis XVIII (Louis le Désiré) (1755-1824)—King of France (1814-15, 1815-24).—130 Louis Philippe I (1773-1850) —Duke of Orleans, King of the French (1830-48).—130, 255, 391, 527, 528 Louvet de Couvrai, Jean Baptiste (1760-1797) — French writer, political figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Girondist. — 365, 369, 370, 371 Lucian (c. 120-c. 180)—Greek satirist.— 179 Ludwig I Karl August (1786-1868) — King of Bavaria (1825-48).—518, 521, 522 Luther, Martin (1483-1546) —outstanding figure of the Reformation, founder of Protestantism (Lutheranism) in Germany, German burghers' ideologist.—182, 290, 291, 400, 401, 422

M

McAdam, John Loudon (1756-1836) — Scottish inventor, who revolutionised road-building.— 484 McCulloch, John Ramsay (1789-1864) — British economist who vulgarised David Ricardo's theories.—192, 288, 375, 420, 424 Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766-1834) — English clergyman and economist, founder of the misanthropic theory of population.— 194, 309, 380, 420, 437-40, 452 Marat, Jean Paul (1743-1793) —leading figure in the French Revolution, prominent Jacobin.—363-65, 368-70, 372-74 Marcus—pseudonym used by an author of pamphlets propagating Malthus' theory, published in England in the 1830s.—437 Marius, Gaius (c. 156-86 B. C.) — Roman soldier and statesman, consul (107, 104-100, 86).—492 Marshall, John (1783-1841) —British economist and statistician.— 254 Martin du Nord, Nicolas Ferdinand Marie Louis Joseph (1790-1847) —French lawyer and politician, Minister of

Justice and Cults during the Julv monarchy (since 1840).— 149 Marx, Caroline (1824-1847) —sister of Karl Marx.— 577 Marx, Heinrich (1777-1838)—father of Karl Marx.— 573 Marx, Henriette (née Pressburg) (1787-1863) —mother of Karl Marx.— 573, 577, 583 Marx, Henriette — see Simons, Henriette Marx, Jenny (née von Westphalen) (1814-1881) —wife of Karl Marx.—351, 357, 571-84 Marx, Jenny (1844-1883) —daughter of Karl Marx.—576, 577, 579, 581, 582, 584 Marx, Karl (1818-1883).— 132, 133, 134, 139, 141-43, 188, 189, 202, 231, 232, 349-57, 406, 416, 571-84 Marx, Sophie — see Schmalhausen, Sophie Maurer, Friedrich Wilhelm German (1813-c. 1882) —German writer, democrat, member of the League of Outlaws, later of the League of the Just.—351-53 Mayer, Elias — witness at the marriage of Karl Marx and Jenny von Westphalen.— 574 Metternich-Winneburg, Clemens Wenzel Lothar, Fürst von (1773-1859) —Austrian statesman and diplomat, Minister for Foreign Affairs (1809-21), Chancellor (1821-48), one of the or-ganisers of the Holy Alliance.— 209 Michel — cousin of Jenny Marx.— 583 Michelet, Jules (1798-1874) —French historian.— 411 Mill, James (1773-1836) —British economist, and philosopher.— 211, 224, 284, 288, 291, 311, 312, 319, 321, 375, 420, 486 Mohammed Seghir—Caliph of Algeria, who headed Abd-el-Kader's troops in the 1840s.—529 Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondât,

Baron de la Brede et de (1689-1755) — French philosopher and sociologist, Enlightener.—5, 138 Morison, James (1770-1840) —English entrepreneur who amassed his wealth through the sale of so-called Morison's pills.—456, 457, 466 Moser, Justus (1720-1794) —German historian and politician, one of the founders of the conservative-roman-ticist trend in historiography.— 287 Mundt, Theodor (1808-1861) —German writer, belonging to the Young Germany literary group, professor of literature in Breslau and Berlin.— 415 Miinier, Thomas (c. 1490-1525) — leader of the urban mob and the poor peasants during the Reformation and the Peasant War in Germany, preached Utopian equalitarian communism.—172, 400

N

Napoleon I Bonaparte (1769-1821) — Emperor of the French (1804-14 and 1815).—138, 196, 199, 393, 473 Nauwerck, Karl Ludwig Theodor (1810-1891)—German publicist, Young Hegelian.— 515 Newton, Sir Isaac (1642-1727) —English physicist, astronomer and mathematician.—459, 470, 478 Nicholas I (1796-1855) —Emperor of Russia (1825-55).—140, 210, 515, 519, 520, 524 Noailles du Gard, Jacques Barthélémy (17 58-1828) — French politician, member of the Legislative Corps (1807-15).— 196

O

Oastler, Richard (1789-1861) —English politician, Tory, philanthropist.— 447 O'Connell, Daniel (1775-1847) —Irish lawyer and politician, leader of the Liberal wing of the national liberation movement.—379, 389-91, 505, 506 O'Connor, Feargus Edward (1794-1855) — a leader of the Chartist Left, editor-in-chief of The Northern Star.— 379, 383, 384

d'Orléans, Louis Philippe Joseph, Due (called Philippe Égalité') (1747-1793) — cousin of the King of France Louis XVI, sided with the Revolution in 1789, deputy to the Convention.— 364, 365, 368, 370, 371 Orsini— member of the princely Roman family which was in constant rivalry with the Colonna family; leader of the Guelph party.— 539-40, 545, 548, 549, 554 Owen, Robert (1771-1858) —British Utopian Socialist.—297, 386, 387, 398

P

Pache, Jean Nicolas (1746-1823) — leading figure in the French Revolution, Jacobin, Minister of War and Mayor of Paris (October 1792-May 1794).—365, 371, 372 Paine, Thomas (1737-1809) —English publicist, Republican, took part in the American War of Independence and in the French Revolution.— 387 Parisot, Jacques Théodore — translator of James Mill's Elements of Political Economy into French.— 211 Paulus, Heinrich Eberhard Gottlob (1761-1851) — German Protestant theologian, supporter of the rationalist trend in Lutheranism.— 350 Pecqueur, Constantin (1801-1887) — French economist, Utopian Socialist. — 243, 254 Peel, Sir Robert (1788-1850) —English statesman, Tory, Prime Minister (1841-46), repealed the Corn Laws in 1846.—382, 390-91, 445, 491 Pelisse — sergeant of the French army in Algeria during the campaign in the 1840s.—529 Pétion de Villeneuve, Jérôme (1753-1794) — leading figure in the French Revolution, Mayor of Paris in 1792, deputy to the Convention, Girondist.— 362, 363, 365, 367, 368, 370 Petitgand — lieutenant of the French Army in Algeria, Commandant of Biskra in 1844.—529 Phalaris (c. 571-555 B.C.) —tyrant of Agrigentum in ancient Sicily; according to legend, burned his opponents in a brazen bull.—454 Philippeaux, Pierre Nicolas (1754-1794) — leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Right Jacobin, one of Damon's supporters.—364, 369, 374 Plato (c. 427-c. 347 B.C.)—Greek philosopher.— 59 Pompery, Edouard de (1812-1895)— French writer and publicist, follower of Fourier whose ideas he propa-gated in the thirties and forties.— 355 Poppey—friend of Heinrich Marx's and

Ludwig von Westphalen's families in Trier.— 579 Porter, George Richardson (1792-1852)— English economist and statistician.— 485 Pressburg, Henriette—see Marx, Henriette Priestley, Joseph (1733-1804)—English chemist and materialist philosopher, public figure.—470 Proudhon, Pierre Joseph (1809-1865)— French publicist, economist and sociologist, one of the founders of anarchism.—143, 201, 241, 280, 294, 313, 316, 317, 356, 399, 412

Q

Quesnay, François (1694-1774)—French

economist, doctor, founder of the physiocratic school.— 292 Quinet, Edgar (1803-1875)—French historian, attacked Strauss' Das Leben Jesu.—411

R

Raumer, Friedrich Ludwig Georg von (1781-1873)—German historian and politician, professor at the universities of Berlin and Breslau.— 490 Rebecqui, François Trophime (1760-1794)—leading figure in the French

Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Girondist.— 364, 369 Reverchon—friend of Heinrich Marx's and Ludwig von Westphalen's families in Trier.— 579 Ricardo, David (1772-1823)—English economist.—192, 211, 256, 284, 288, 291, 309-11, 321, 375, 420, 424, 428 Rickes, Johann Anton—witness to the signing of the marriage contract between Karl Marx and Jenny von Westphalen in Kreuznach.— 572 Rienzi, Cola di (more correctly, Rienzo) (1313-1354)—Italian statesman and leader (people's tribune) of the Roman Republic (1347) and ruler (senator) of Rome (1354); looked for support from the masses in the struggle with the feudal aristocracy.— 537, 541, 542, 546-48, 550, 553, 555-57, 559-65 Robespierre, Augustin Bon Joseph (1763-1794)—leading figure in the French Revolution, Jacobin, brother of Ma-ximilien Robespierre.—165 Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de (1758-1794) —leading figure in the French Revolution, leader of the Jacobins, head of the revolutionary government (1793-94).— 199, 363-65, 367, 369, 370, 371, 373, 473, 492 kocholl—uncle of Theodor Simons.— 583 Roland de la Platière, Jean Marien (1734-1793)—leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Minister of the Interior, a leader of the Girondists.— 364, 365, 369, 370, 371 Rousseau, Jean Jacques (1712-1778)— French philosopher and writer of the Enlightenment.—167, 380,'387 Roux-Lavergne, Pierre C«festin(1802-r874) —French historian and philosopher. — 165 Ruge, Arnold (1802-1880) —German radical publicist and philosopher, Young Hegelian.—132, 133, 134, 141, 189-93, 195, 196, 199-206, 349, 352, 406, 416, 583 Russell, John Russell, 1st Earl (1792-1878)—British statesman, Whig leader, Prime Minister (1846-52 and 1865-65), Foreign Secretary (1852-53 and 1859-65).—445, 503, 517

S

Saint-Simon, Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de (1760-1825)—French Utopian Socialist.—214, 288, 294, 394, 396, 398 Salles, Jean Baptiste (1760-1794)—leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Girondist.—370 Sand, George (pseudonym of Aurore Du-pin, Baronne Dudevant) (1804-1876)— French writer, representative of the democratic trend in romanticism.— 399, 415 Sanum, Antoine Joseph (1752-1809)— leading figure in the French Revolution, Commander of the Paris National Guard (1792-93), Girondist supporter.— 372 Say, Jean Baptiste (1767-1832)—French economist, one of the founders of the "three production factors" theory.— 247, 250, 259-61, 284, 291, 310, 319-21, 375, 424-26 Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von (1775-1854)—German philosopher. —349-51, 404. 450, 461, 463 Schenk—Cologne official.— 574 Schleicher, Rofcert—Trier doctor, friend of Karl Marx's family.—571, 578, 579 Schmalhausen, Sophie (1816-1883)—sister of Karl Marx.—577, 579 Schütter— Düsseldorf publisher.— 352 Schufz-Bodmer, Wilhelm (1797-1860)— German publicist, democrat.—242, 254, 258 Servan de Gerbey, Joseph (1741-1808) — leading figure in the French Revolution, general, Minister of War in 1792, Girondist.—365, 371 Shakespeare, William (1564-1616)— English poet and dramatist.— 87, 180, 323, 324, 465

Shelley, Percy Bysshe (1792-1822)— English poet, revolutionary romantic—380, 387 Siebenkäs—friend of Karl Marx's family in Paris.—579 Sieyès, Emmanuel Joseph (1748-1836)— leading figure in the French Revolution, abbot, deputy to the Convention, moderate constitutionalist (Feuillant).—362 Sillery, Charles Alexis Pierre Brulart, Comte de Genlis, Marquis de (1737-1793)— leading figure in the French Revolution, general, deputy to the Convention, Girondist.— 371 Simons, Henriette (1820-c. 1856)—sister of Karl Marx.—577, 582, 583 Simons, Theodor (b. 1813)—architect, husband of Henriette Marx.— 582 Sismondi, Jean Charles Leonard Simonde

de (1773-1842)—Swiss economist, representative of economic romanticism.—257, 287 Skarbek, Frédéric Florian (1792-1866) — Polish economist and writer, follower of Adam Smith.—319-21 Smith, Adam (1723-1790) —British economist.—217, 235, 237, 239, 247, 252, 257-65, 284, 285, 290-92, 317, 319, 320, 375, 380, 420, 422, 428, 470, 485-86 Southmell, Charles (1814-1860)—English Utopian Socialist, follower of Robert Owen.—386, 388 Spinoza, Baruch (or Benedict) (1632-1677) —Dutch philosopher.— 463 Stae'l, Madame de (Anne Louise Germaine, Baronne de Staël-Holstein, née Necker) (1766-1817) — French romantic writer.—412 Stein, Lorenz von (1815-1890)—German lawyer and historian, author of works on the socialist movement, supporter of "social monarchy".— 388 Steinmann, Friedrich (1801-1875)— German publicist and man of letters.— 517 Strauss, David Friedrich (1808-1874)— German philosopher and publicist, Young Hegelian.—169, 327, 380, 404, 446, 447, 461, 517 Stuarts — royal dynasty in Scotland (1371-

1714) and in England (1603-1714).— 134 Sue, Eugène Marie Joseph (1804-1857) —

French writer, author of sentimental social novels.— 415 Sulla, Lucius Cornelius (138-78 B.C.) —

Roman soldier, dictator.— 492

T

Tallien, Jean Lambert (1767-1820) — leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, representative of the Marsh, one of the chief participants in the Thermidori-an coup.— 372 Thanisch — Trier official.— 574 Thompson, Thomas Perronet (1783-1869) — English politician and economist, free trader.— 428 Thuriot de La Rosière, Jacques Alexandre (1753-1829) —leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, for a time supported the Jacobins.— 369 Tocqueville, Alexis Charles Henri Maurice Cle'rel de (1805-1859) — French liberal historian and politician.— 151 Tooke, John Home (1736-1812) —English radical politician.— 487 Tschech, Heinrich Ludwig (1789-1844) — Prussian official, democrat, burgomaster of Storkow in 1832-41; executed for an attempt on the life of Frederick William IV.— 580

U

Vre, Andrew (1778-1857) —English chemist and economist, free trader.— 443

V

Valazé, Eléonor Bernard Anne Christophe

Zoa du Friche, Baron de (1751-1793) — leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, Girondist.—369

Valence, Cyrus Marie Alexandre de Tim-burne-Timbronne, Comte de (1757-1822) — leading figure in the French Revolution, general, Dumouriez's comrade-in-arms.— 370 Vergniaud, Pierre Victurnien (1753-1793)

— leading figure in the French Revolution, deputy to the Convention, one of the Girondist leaders.— 362, 364, 369, 371 Villegardelle, François (1810-1856) — French publicist, follower of Fourier. — 297 Vincke, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig, Baron

von (1774-1844) — Prussian statesman.—287 Voltaire, François Marie Arouet de (1694-1778) — French philosopher, writer and historian of the Enlightenment. — 380, 387

W

Wade, John (1788-1875) —English publicist, economist and historian.— 433, 441, 507, 509 Wallace, Sir William (c. 1270-1305) — leader of the Scottish uprising against British domination.— 528 Walter, John (1776-1847) —English politician, associated with the Tories.— 447 Watt, James (1736-1819) —Scottish engineer, inventor of the steam-engine.—428, 479, 480, 482 Watts, John (1818-1887) —English Utopian Socialist, follower of Robert Owen.—385-88, 398 Wedgwood, Josiah (1730-1795) —English pottery manufacturer, who devised improved pottery techniques. — 479 Weill, Alexandre (Abraham) (1811-1899)

— German journalist, democrat, lived as an émigré in France in the forties.—352 Weitling, Wilhelm Christian (1808-1871)

— one of the early leaders of the working-class movement in Germany, tailor by trade, one of the theoreticians of Utopian equalitarian communism.—143, 201, 232, 401-03, 409, 410, 412 Wekker, Karl Theodor (1790-1869)— German lawyer, liberal publicist, Landtag deputy in Baden.— 517 Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of (1769-1852)—British general and statesman, Tory, Prime Minister (1828-30).—445 Westphalen, Caroline von (d. 1856) — mother of Jenny Marx.—357, 572-78 Westphalen, Edgar von (1819-c. 1890)—

brother of Jenny Marx.— 576, 578,

581, 584

Westphalen, Jenny—see Marx, Jenny Westphalen, Johann Ludwig von (1770-

1842) — father of Jenny Marx, Privy Councillor in Trier.—573, 574, 575 Wettendorf—friend of Marx's family in Trier.—576

Zöpfl, Heinrich (1807-1877) —German lawyer.—137 Zwanziger—German textile manufacturer, owner of a factory in Peterswalden (Silesia).— 532

INDEX OF LITERARY AND MYTHOLOGICAL NAMES

Adam (Bib.).—455 Apollo—the god of the arts (Gr. Relig.).— 449

Battista—a character in Frederick Engels' drama Cola di Rienzi.— 537-42, 546, 557-60, 562 Beelzebub—a biblical name for the Devil, the spirit of evil.— 456 Belial—the Hebrew name for the spirit of evil, one of the biblical names of the Devil.— 456

Faust—the title and hero of a tragedy by Goethe.—323

Janus—an ancient Roman deity represented with two opposite faces.— 86

Laocobn—Trojan priest of Apollo who incensed the gods and was destroyed with his two sons by two huge ser-pents (Class. Myth.).—170

Camilla—a character in Frederick Engels' drama Cola di Rienzi; daughter of Stefano Colonna.— 543-46, 548-55, 564-68 Cedric the Saxon—a character in Walter Scott's Ivanhoe.—455 Christ, Jesus (Bib.).—85, 152, 212, 328, 356, 400, 446, 463, 548 Cinderella—the heroine of a popular European tale.— 202 Cronus—a Titan, father of Zeus (Gr. Myth.).—242

Diana—the goddess of hunting (Rom. Relig.).—323 Don Quixote—the title and hero of a Spanish romance written by Cervan-tes.—287

Mars—the god of war (Rom. Relig.).— 324 Mary—the mother of Jesus (Bib.).— 33, 543, 561, 562, 580 Medusa—one of the three snake-haired Gorgons, whose terrifying aspect turned the beholder to stone (Gr. Myth.).—432 Mephistopheles—a character in Goethe's Faust.—323 Midas—a king of Phrygia who turned to gold everything he touched; insulted by him, Apollo changed his ears into ass's ears (Gr. Myth.).— 448, 449 Montreal, Walter—a character in Frederick Engels' drama Cola di Rtenzi.— 543-50, 553, 555-57, 559-65 Moses (Bib.).—177 Nemesis—the goddess of retributive justice (Gr. Relig.).—234 Nina—a character in Frederick Engels'

drama Cola di Rienzi; wife of Cola di Rienzi.—556, 557, 561-63, 565-67

Orlando—a character in Frederick Engels' drama Cola di Rienzi; son of Orsini.—539, 540

Prometheus—a Titan who stole fire from Olympus and gave it to man (Gr. Relig.).—179, 307

Shylock—a character in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice.—177, 214 Snug—a character in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream.—86