Name Index

A

Abélard, Pierre (1079-1142)—French philosopher and theologian.—278 Adam, Adolphe Charles (1803-1856)— French composer.—150 Aeschylus (525-456 B.C.)—Greek dramatist.—443 Alexander I (1777-1825)—Emperor of Russia (1801-25).—493 Alexander of Macedon (Alexander the Great) (356-323 B.C.)—general and statesman of antiquity.—154 Alexis, Willibald—see Horing, Georg Wilhelm Heinrich Alienstein, Karl (1770-1840)—Prussian Minister of Finance (1808-10) and Minister of Religious Worship, Education and Medicine (1817-38).—143, 197, 363 Aluenslehen, Ltidwig Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Gustav von (wrote under the pseudonym of Gusto« Seilen) (1800-1868)—German writer and journalist; one of the publishers and editors of the Zeitung für den Deutschen Adel (1840-42).—68, 146 d'AItiiella, Louis Coblet, Count — son of

the Belgian statesman Count d'Alviella; student of Bonn University (1841-42). — 547 Amdurgh, Isaac van (first half of the

19th cent.)—animal tamer.—91

Andrea, Friedrich Wilhelm — author of

heraldic researches.—352 Anno II (or Hanno) (c. 1010-1075)—

Archbishop of Cologne (1056-75), canonised in 1183.—132 Ansgarius (Ansgor) (801-865)—German

Archbishop, Christian missionary in Scandinavian countries.—120, 121, 126 Archimedes (c. 287-212 B.C.)—Greek mathematician and engineer.—128 Ariosto, Lodovico (1474-1533)—Italian poet of the Renaissance.—443

Aristophanes (c. 446-c. 385 B.C.)—Greek comic dramatist and poet.— 82 Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) —Greek philosopher.— 484 Arminius (Hermann)—chief of the German tribe of the Cherusci (17 B.C.-21 A.D.).—15, 51 Arndt, Ernst Moritz (1769-1860)—German writer, historian and philologist; took part in the liberation struggle against Napoleon's rule.—137-39, 141, 144, 145, 146-49, 528 Arnim, Elisabeth (Bettina) von (1785-1859)—German romantic writer.— 49, 411 Asposio (born c. 470 B.C.)—Greek courtesan.— 249 Attila (d. 453)—King of the Huns (433-53).—24 B

Baader, Franz Xaver von (1765-1841)— German philosopher, physician, expert in mining; professor of philosophy and theology at Munich University (1826-38).—296 Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685-1750)— German composer.—159 Bade, Karl—Prussian officer, military writer.—140 Bag—see Sack, Karl Heinrich Bagel—publisher and owner of a book-store in Wesel.—18 Ball, Hermann (1804-1860)—German Protestant pastor, first in Wülfrath and later in Elberfeld.—15, 426 Bärmann, Georg Nicolaus (1785-1850)— Hamburg author who wrote in High and Low German.—496 Bauer, Bruno (1809-1882)—German philosopher and writer, Young Hegelian; after 1866 became national-liberal.— 197, 270, 285, 313, 316-30, 334, 336, 338, 341, 345-51, 361, 366 Bauer, Caroline (1807-1877)—German actress.—102 Bauer, Edgar (1820-1886)—German philosopher and journalist, Young Hegelian; brother and associate of Bruno Bauer.—335, 337, 339, 346, 347 Beck, Karl Isidor (1817-1879) —German poet; exponent of "true socialism" in the mid-1840s — 41-46, 51, 71, 82, 89, 91-92, 411, 422, 449, 465-68, 473, 488 Becher, Nikolaus (1809-1845)—German poet.—148, 517, 527, 528 Beethoven, Ludwig van (1770-1827)—German composer.—44, 150, 159, 491, 530 Bellini, Vincenzo (1801-1835)—Italian composer.—44, 150 Beta, Karl (1807-1857) —Greek teacher at Elberfeld grammar school (1833-54).—20 Biranger, Pierre Jean de (1780-1857) — French poet, author of satirical songs on political subjects.— 83 Bergmann, Joh. H.—sugar broker in Bremen.—492

Bernhard—Frederick Engels' friend or relative in Barmen.— 531 Bettina—see Arnim, Elisabeth (Bettina) von Beurmann, Eduard (1804-1883)—German writer, member of the Young Germany literary group.—157, 158, 421, 422, 465, 471 Blank, Wilhelm (1821-1892)—Frederick

Engels' schoolmate, subsequently a merchant.—396, 416, 423, 426, 446, 449, 450, 476, 513, 530, 534 Bleek, Friedrich (1793-1859)—German Protestant theologian, professor of Bonn University.— 527 Blücher, Gebhard Leberecht von (1742-1819)—Prussian field marshal; took part in wars against Napoleonic France.—331, 339 Blum, Karl Ludwig (1786-1844)—German composer, theatrical artist and poet.—102, 103 Böhme, Jacob (1575-1624)—German craftsman, pantheist philosopher.— 395 Boileau-Despréaux, Nicolas (1636-1711)— French poet and theoretician of classicism.— 82 Börne, Ludwig (1786-1837)—German critic and writer.— 38, 42, 43, 45, 51, 54, 66, 72, 82, 86, 108, 137, 142-44, 266, 280, 288-92, 420, 448, 449, 455, 465, 467, 472, 477, 484, 485 Bourbons—royal family in France (1589-1792, 1814-15 and 1815-30).—358 Brandis, Christian August (1790-1867)— German historian of philosophy; took part in publishing Aristotle's works.— 328 Bredt, Wilhelm August (1817-1895)— Burgomaster (1855-57) and Chief Burgomaster of Barmen (1857-79).—550 Brinckmeier, Eduard (1811-1897) —German writer, editor of the Mitternachtzeitung (1835-39).—496 Brutus, Lucius Junius (6th cent. B.C.)— according to legend, founder of the Roman Republic, Roman Consul (509 B.C.); condemned his own sons to death for having conspired against the Republic — 249 Brutus, Marcus Junius (c. 85-42 B.C.) — Roman politician, republican, one of the initiators of the conspiracy against Julius Caesar.—414 Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de

(1707-1788)—French naturalist.—81 Buhl, Ludwig (1814-c. 1882)—German

writer, Young Hegelian, author of pamphlets in the Patriot series.—336, 346 Bulow-Cummerow, Ernst Gottfried Georg

von (1775-1851) — German writer and politician, exponent of the interests of the Prussian Junkers.— 271, 366 Bunsen, Carl (b. 1821)—student of the

law faculty at Bonn University (1841-42), later diplomat.—548 Byron, George Gordon Noel, Lord (1788-

1824) —English romantic poet.—101, 286, 450, 494, 497

C

Caesar, Gaius Julius (c. 100-44 B.C.)— Roman general and statesman.— 443 Calcar, Jan van—see Joest, Jan van Calderôn de la Barca, Pedro (1600-1681)— Spanish dramatist.—107, 110 Calvin, John (real name—Jean Chauuin) (1509-1564) —Swiss theologian, Protestant reformer.—30, 97, 126, 489 Camôes (Camoëns), Luiz de (1524-1580)— Portuguese poet of the Renaissance.— 445 Campe, Johann Julius Wilhelm (1792-1867) — German bookseller and publisher; head of the Hoffmann und Campe Publishing House in Hamburg. — 161 CapeUe, Ernst Friedrich Conrad (1790-1847)—Protestant pastor in Bremen, adherent of the rationalist trend in Lutheranism.— 515 Carrière, Moritz (1817-1895)—German philosopher, professor of aesthetics.— 21, 93 Cato, Marcus Porcius (95-46 B.C.)—Roman statesman, leader of the repub-licans; committed suicide, not wishing to survive the fall of the republic.— 249 Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de (1547-1616)—Spanish novelist.—450

Chamisso, Adelbert «on (1781-1838) — German romantic poet.— 53 Chapeau—student at Bonn University (1842).—548 Charles the Great (CharUmagne) (c. 742-814)—King of the Franks (768-800) and Roman Emperor (800-814).—38, 48 Charles X (1757-1836)—King of France (1824-30).—54, 199, 492, 493 Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106-43 B.C.)— Roman orator, statesman and philosopher.—172, 584 Cid, the (Campeador the Cid) (real name — Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar) (c. 1043-1099)—Spanish national hero, famous for his exploits in the wars against the Moors.—50, 142, 415 Claudius, Matthias (1740-1815) —German writer, author of a number of songs.— 508 Ciauren, Heinrich (pseudonym of Carl Heun) (1771-1854) —German novelist and official.—449 Ciausen, Johann Christoph Heinrich (1806-1877)—teacher of German language, history and geography at Elberfeld grammar school; later professor.—20

Cieners from Barmen.—440 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (1772-1834)— English romantic poet and literary critic — 497 Columbus, Christopher (1451-1506) — Italian navigator, discoverer of America.—538 Copernicus, Ntcofaus (1473-1543)—Polish scholar, founder of modern astrono-my.— 59 Corroenin, Louis Marie de la Haye, Vi-comte de (wrote under the pseudonym of Tiroon) (1788-1868)—French jurist and politician; opponent of the July monarchy.— 356, 357 Corneille, Pierre (1606-1684) —French dramatist, one of the founders of French classicism.—166 Cousin, Victor (1792-1867)—French philosopher.—294 Creizenoch, TTieodor (1818-1877)—German poet and literary historian.— 42, 82, 411-12, 471, 482 Cuvier, Georges Leopold Chrétien Frédéric

Dagobert, Baron de (1769-1832)— French naturalist, zoologist and pa-laeontologist, founder of comparative anatomy.— 222

D

Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)—Italian poet.—28, 542 Danton, Georges Jacques (1759-1794)— leading figure in the French Revolution; leader of the Right wing of the Jacobins.—320, 321, 341, 348 Daub, Karl (1765-1836) —German Protestant theologian.—486, 490 David (end of the 1 lth-first half of the 10th cent. B.C.)—King of Israel.—74 Delius, Nikolaus (1813-1888)—German philologist, Shakespeare scholar, professor of Bonn University from 1863. — 105 Derkhiem—employee at Leupold's trading firm in Bremen.— 502, 504, 510 Descartes, René (1596-1650)—French dualist philosopher, mathematician and naturalist.—186, 197 Diest, Otto Erich Heinrich—student of the law faculty at Bonn University (1841-42).—548 Diesterweg, Friedrich Adolf Wilhelm (1790-1866)—German teacher.—19 Diez. Friedrich Christian (1794-1876)— German philologist, author of the Grammatik der romanischen Sprachen, professor of Bonn University.— 508 Dingelstedt, Franz von (1814-1881)—German poet and novelist, dramatist of the court theatre from the mid-1840s. — 2 1 , 42, 422 Diogenes of Sinope (end of the 4th cent.-323 B.C.)—Greek philosopher, one of the founders of the Cynic school.— 394, 484, 485 Dombrowski (Dabrowski), Jan Henryk (1755-1818)—Polish general; took part in Napoleon's campaigns of 1806-07, 1809 and 1812.—154 Domitian (Titus Flavius Domitianus) (51-96)—Roman Emperor (81-96).—356 Donizetti, Gaetano (1797-1848)—Italian composer.—129, 150

Döring, Karl August (1783-1844) —Protestant preacher in Elberfeld.— 16, 23-25, 30, 427 Droste-Hülshoff, Annette Elisabeth, Freiin

von (1797-1848)—German writer and poet.—101, 494, 497 Droste-Vischering, Clemens August, Baron von (1773-1845)—Archbishop of Cologne, cousin of Annette Elisabeth von Droste-Hülshoff.—363 Duchâtel, Charles Marie Tanneguy, Comte

(1803-1867)—French statesman, Orleanist, Minister of Trade (1834-36) and of the Interior (1839 and 1840-February 1848).—271 Duller, Eduard (1809-1853)—German romantic writer, author of historical novels.—25, 51, 413, 422 Dumas, Alexandre (Alexandre Davy de la

Pailleterie) (1802-1870)—French novelist and dramatist.— 49, 50 Duntze—Burgomaster of Bremen (1839). —424 Dürholt—clerk at Wittenstein's firm in Unter-Barmen.—25, 427

E

Eberlein—employee at Leupold's trading firm in Bremen.—386, 508, 511 Ebert, Karl Egon (from 1872 Ritter von)

(1801-1882)—Austrian romantic poet. — 422 Edelmann, Johann Christian (1698-1767)

— German theologian.—320, 348

Edward (1841-1910)—prince descended from the Hanover dynasty, future King Edward VII of Great Britain and Ireland (1901-1910).—537 Egen, Peter Casper Nicolaus (1783-1849) —teacher of mathematics and physics; headmaster of the Realschule in Elberfeld (1830-48).—19, 28 Eichhoff, Karl Johann Ludwig (1805-1882)—teacher of Greek and Latin in the Elberfeld grammar school.—20 Eichhorn, Johann Albrecht Friedrich (1779-1856)—Prussian statesman, Minister of Religious Worship, Education and Medicine (1840-48).—366, 586, 587 Eisenbart, Johann Andreas (1661-1727)—

German physician.—283 Elias, Wilhelm—Lutheran preacher in Halle, pietist.—495 Engelke—postman in Bremen.— 394, 410 Engelmann, Wilhelm (1808-1878)—owner

of a publishing house founded in Leipzig in 1811.—495, 497 Engels, Adeline (1827-1901)—Frederick

Engels' cousin.—385, 500 Engels, Anna (1825-1853)—Frederick Engels' sister.—391, 400, 424, 439-40, 517, 532, 535, 582 Engels, August (1797-1874)—Frederick

Engels' uncle, co-owner of the firm Caspar Engels and Sons in Barmen.— 534 Engels, August (1824-1855)—Frederick Engels' cousin, son of August Engels. —400, 441, 531, 579 Engels, Caspar (1753-1821)—Frederick

Engels' grandfather.— 580 Engels, Caspar (1792-1863)—Frederick

Engels' uncle.—386, 583 Engels, Elisabeth Francisca Mauritzia (née

«on Hoar) (1797-1873)—Frederick Engels' mother.—385, 388, 399, 438-42, 521, 534, 577-80 Engels, Elise (1834-1912)—Frederick Engels' youngest sister.— 533, 535, 581 Engels, Emil (1828-1884)—Frederick Engels' brother.—438-40, 533, 534, 581 EngeU, Emilie (1825-1906)—Frederick Engels' cousin.— 385 Engels, Frederick (1820-1895).—27-28, 103-04, 106, 112-20, 132-36, 170-80, 182-87, 201, 268-73, 353, 389, 393-95, 400-01, 402, 411-13, 415-16, 419-20, 424-27, 444-45, 448, 456-60, 462, 463-64, 466-67, 471-72, 474-75, 480, 485-88, 492-98, 501, 507, 527-30, 532-41, 543, 545-46 Engels, Friedrich (1796-1860)—Frederick

Engels' father.—387, 395", 402, 442, 492, 531, 579, 580, 583, 586 Engels, Hedwig (1830-1904)—Frederick

Engels' sister.—438-41, 533, 535, 581 Engels, Hermann (1822-1905) —Frederick Engels' brother.—390, 400, 406, 417-19, 441, 442, 492, 531, 533, 535, 546, 581

Engels, Ida (1822-1884)—Frederick Engels' cousin.—403, 507, 513, 542, 544 Engels, Julie (1821-1875)—Frederick Engels' cousin.—403, 535 Engels, Julius (1818-1883)—Frederick Engels' cousin.—583 Engels, Karl (1817-1840)—Frederick Engels' cousin.—385, 403 Engels, Louise—wife of August Engels

senior, Frederick Engels' uncle.— 579 Engels, Marie (1824-1901)—Frederick Engels' sister.—385-88, 390-92, 399, 401, 402-05, 418-20, 423, 424, 437-42, 447, 469, 498, 500, 501, 503, 507, 510, 516, 517, 519, 523, 528, 531, 532, 533, 536, 539, 542, 544, 545, 546, 582 Engels, Rudolf (1831-1903)—Frederick Engels' brother.—400, 438-40, 533, 535, 581 Erdmann, Johann Eduard (1805-1892)— German philosopher, Right-wing Hegelian.— 527 Ernst August (1771-1851)—King of Hanover (1837-51).—278, 389, 493 Euripides (c. 480-c. 406 B.C.)—Greek

dramatist.—585 Everaert—owner of a printshop in Cologne.— 394 Etuich, Johann Jakob (1788-1863)—German teacher, one of the founders of the Barmen municipal school.—18, 468 Eylert, RuUmann Friedrich (1770-1852)— German bishop, member of the State Council, confidant of Frederick William III.—492, 493

F

Faber—pseudonym of a contributor to the Dresden Afcend-Zeitung.—433 Feistkorn, G. W.—painter, Frederick Engels' friend in Bremen — 388, 399, 403, 518 Feldmann, Gustau (b. 1820)—Frederick

Engels' schoolmate-, subsequently President of the Chamber of Deputies in Saarbrücken.— 394 Ferdinand VII (1784-1833)—King of Spain (1808 and 1814-33).—493 Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas von (1804-1872)—German philosopher.—185, 197, 209, 219, 237, 285, 293, 295, 296, 337, 339, 340, 341, 345 Fichte, Immanuel Hermann von (1796-1879)—German philosopher and theologian, professor of philosophy at Bonn (1840-42) and Tübingen (1842-63), son of Johann Gottlieb Fichte.— 192, 328 Fichte, Johann Gottlùb (1762-1814)—German philosopher.—165, 166, 182, 183, 198, 214 Florencourt, Franz von (François Chassot de)

(1803-1886)—German writer, editor of a number of periodicals, first liberal and later conservative.— 142 Fouqué, Friedrich Heinrich Karl, Baron de

la Motte (1777-1843)—German romantic writer and journalist, advocated privileges for the nobility; editor-in-chief of the Zeitung für den Deutschen Adel (1840-43).—68, 69, 146, 431, 468 Francis II (1768-1835)—Holy Roman Emperor (1792-1806); Emperor of Austria as Francis I (1804-35).—493 Frankl, Ludwig August, Ritter von Hoch-wart (1810-1894)—Austrian romantic poet.—422 Frederick the Great (1712-1786)—King of Prussia (1740-86).—163 Frederick William III (1770-1840)— King of Prussia (1797-1840).—307, 360, 363, 471, 492, 493, 537 Frederick William IV (1795-1861)—King of Prussia (1840-61).—135, 199, 353, 360-66, 487, 526, 537, 540, 587 Freiligrath, Ferdinand (1810-1876)—German romantic poet; in later years wrote revolutionary poetry and joined the Communist League.—19, 21-23, 25, 42, 45, 51, 98, 100, 162, 288, 411, 422, 427, 468, 497, 527 Fry, Elizabeth (1780-1845)—English phi-lanthropist, especially noted as promot-er of a democratic prison reform.— 133

G

Gabler, Georg Andreas (1786-1853)— German Hegelian philosopher; in

1835 succeeded Hegel as lecturer at Berlin University.—270 Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)—Italian physicist and astronomer, founder of mechanics.—59 Gans, Eduard (c. 1798-1839)—German philosopher, professor of law at Berlin University, follower of Hegel.— 143, 185, 191, 452, 467, 491 Gerasimi (Gerasimo) (d. 475)—Christian priest; abbot of a monastery in Pal-estine-— 35 Gesenius, Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm (1786-1842)—German orientalist; Protestant theologian of the rationalist trend.—486 Gluck, Christoph Willibald (1714-1787)— German composer.—159 Godfrey of Bouillon (Godefroy de Bouillon) (c. 1060-1100)—Duke of Lower Lorraine (1089-1100), one of the leaders of the first crusade (1096-99).—35, 524 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832) — German poet and thinker, prominent figure of the Enlightenment.— 8, 19, 24, 35, 43, 77, 82, 88, 105, 129, 139, 162, 323, 394, 397, 400, 411, 420, 421, 427, 431, 445, 449, 465, 468, 472, 520 Goldmann, Karl Eduard (died c. 1863)— German writer, author of the book Die europäische Pentarchie.—54 Görres, Guido Moritz (1805-1852)—German Catholic writer, editor of the journal Historisch-politische Blätter für das katolische Deutschland.—63, 64 Görres, Johannes Joseph von (1776-1848) —German writer, philologist and historian; professor of history at Munich University.—33, 34, 38, 40, 87, 451 Gorrissen, Georg—Frederick Engels' fellow lodger in Bremen.—388 Gossner, Johannes (1773-1858)—German Catholic priest, converted to Protestantism in 1826, pietist.—472 Gottfried, Gesina (Gesche) (1785-1831)— woman poisoner from Bremen who was publicly executed.—514 Gottfried von Strassburg (end of the 12th-beginning of the 13th cent.)—German poet, author of the epic poem Tristan und Isolde.—38 Gottsched, Johann Christoph (1700-1766)— German writer and critic, representative of the early Enlightenment in Germany.— 52 Grabbe, Christian Dietrich (1801-1836)— German dramatist, member of the Young Germany literary group, author of historical tragedies.— 413 Graeber, Franz Friedrich (1784-1857) — pastor at the Reformed Church in Barmen-Gemarke (1820-46), father of Friedrich and Wilhelm Graeber.— 402 Graeber, Friedrich (1822-1895)—Frederick Engels' schoolmate, later pastor.— 388, 392, 394, 402, 403, 407, 414, 420, 423, 425, 445, 452, 457, 458, 459, 461, 463, 466, 467, 474-77, 487, 488, 513, 525 Graeber, Hermann (1814-1904)—brother of Friedrich and Wilhelm Graeber, teacher of ancient languages in the Barmen municipal school (1836-40), then a pastor.—402, 475 Graeber, Wilhelm (1820-1895)—Frederick

Engels' schoolmate, later pastor.— 388, 392, 394, 396, 402, 442, 448, 463, 464, 471, 474, 481, 513 Graeber—cousin of Friedrich, Wilhelm and Hermann Graeber.—402 Grave—employee at Leupold's trading firm in Bremen.—391, 392 Gregory VII (Hildebrand) (c. 1020-1085) —Pope from 1073 to 1085.—13 Grel—Frederick Engels' friend.— 513 Griesheim, Adolf von (1820-1894)—German factory owner; co-partner of Er-men and Engels firm, husband of Frederick Engels' sister Anna and after her death husband of Engels' sister

Elise.—531, 583 Griesheim, Friderike von (née van Haar)

(1789-1880)—Frederick Engels' aunt. — 385, 583 Grillparzer, Franz (1791-1872)—Austrian dramatist —422, 491 Grimm brothers—see Grimm, Jacob and

Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm, Jacob Ludwig Carl (1785-1863)—

German philologist, author of a histor-

ical grammar of the German language (Die deutsche Grammatik) and of folk-lore adaptations; professor in Göttingen and then in Berlin, liberal.— 39, 96, 389 Grimm, Wilhelm Carl (1786-1859)—German philologist, co-author of his brother's main works, professor in Göttingen and then in Berlin, liberal.— 39, 96, 133 Groening, Heinrich (1774-1839)—Burgomaster of Bremen from 1817.—423 Grosscreutz, A. von—contributor to the German literary newspaper Abend-Zeitung edited by Theodor Hell.—433 Grün, Anastasius (pseudonym of Auers-perg, Anton Alexander, Graf von) (1806-1876)—Austrian poet.—420, 422 Grün, Karl Theodor Ferdinand (wrote under the pseudonym of Ernst von der Haide) (1817-1887)—German writer; one of the principal spokesmen of "true socialism" in the mid-1840s.— 84, 93, 288, 483 Guizot, François Pierre Guillaume (1787-1874)—French historian and statesman; actually directed France's home and foreign policy from 1840 to the February revolution of 1848.— 355, 517 GüJI, Friedrich Wilhelm (1812-1879)— German poet, author of poems and songs for children.—23 Gutenterg, Johann (c. 1400-1468)—German inventor of printing from mov-able type.—56, 61, 62, 66, 103, 344, 497 Gutzkow, Karl Ferdinand (1811-1878)— German writer, member of the Young Germany literary group; editor of the journal Telegraph fur Deutschland (1838-42).—21, 47, 71-87, 89-92, 102, 285, 288-93, 411, 412, 415, 420-22, 427, 446, 449, 450, 455, 456, 462, 465, 468, 471, 472, 481, 485, 487, 496, 497

H

Haar, Bernhard van (1760-1837) — headmaster of the gymnasium in Hamm, Frederick Engels' grandfather, pietist. — 553 Haar, Franciska Christina van (b. 1758)— Frederick Engels' grandmother.— 385, 580 Haar, Ludwig van— Bernhard van Haar's son, Frederick Engels' uncle.— 582 Haase, Friedrich (1808-1867)—German philologist, Latin and Greek scholar.— 20 Haide, Ernst von der—see Grün, Karl Theodor Ferdinand Haller, Karl Ludwig von (1768-1854)— Swiss lawyer and historian, advocate of absolutism.—361 Hammerich, Johann Friedrich—head of a publishing house founded in Altona in 1789.—495, 496 Handel, George Frederick (1685-1759)— German composer.—159, 523 Hantschke, Johann Carl Leberecht (1796-1856) — senior teacher and acting director of the Elberfeld grammar school (1831-42), Frederick Engels' tutor.—20, 500, 520, 582, 585 Häring, Georg Wilhelm Heinrich (wrote under the pseudonym of Alexis, Willibald) (1798-1871)—German writer, author of a number of historical novels.—420 Hose—Bremen Senator (alderman).— 424 Hassel—publisher in Elberfeld.— 23 Haydn, Franz Joseph (1732-1809)— Austrian composer.—159 He—physician.— 398 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770-1831)—German philosopher.—42, 47, 50, 63-64, 66, 69, 83, 86, 88-89, 93, 99, 106, 122, 140-44, 157, 165, 168, 181-87, 191-99, 202-11, 213-17, 220, 222, 223, 226, 235, 236, 237, 243, 250, 257, 269-71, 281, 286, 289-95, 320-23, 328, 348-50, 362, 435-36, 451, 477, 483, 486, 489-91 Heine, Heinrich (1797-1856)—German revolutionary poet.—21, 42, 44, 49, 66, 81, 82, 84, 87, 90, 92, 137, 166, 290-92, 411, 420, 465, 473, 488 Heineken, H, A.—broker in Bremen.— 424 Heinrich der Löwe—see Henry the Lion Hell, Theodor—see Winkler, Karl Gottlieb

Theodor

Heller, Robert (1812-1871)—German writer and journalist.—422, 432 Helmes, Johann Jacob (b. 1788)—Barmen official.—577 Hengstenberg, Ernst Wilhelm (1802-1869) —German theologian, professor of Berlin University, editor of the Evangelische Kirchen-Zeitung; extreme conservative.—181, 315, 333, 346, 350, 421, 454, 460, 480, 487, 489, 526, 527 Henning, Leopold von (1791-1866)— German philosopher, professor of Berlin University, Hegel's pupil.—270 Henry IV (1050-1106)—Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (1056-1106).— 13, 511 Henry the Lion (1129-1195)—Duke of Saxony (1139-81) and Bavaria (1156-81).—34, 35 Herbart, Johann Friedrich (1776-1841)— German philosopher, psychologist and teacher.—295 Herloßsohn, Karl Georg Reginald (1804-1849)—German writer.—422, 432 Hermann—see Arminius Hermann, Reinhard (1806-1839) — pastor at the Reformed Church in Elberfeld. — 15, 416, 427 Herod (73-4 B.C.)—King of Judaea (40-4 B.C.).—251 Herwegh, Georg (1817-1875) —German democratic poet.— 174, 288 Hessel, Johann Jacob (1806-1891)—pastor at Münster near Kreuznach.—403 Heuser, Gustav—Frederick Engels' Elberfeld friend.—445, 473, 474, 491, 513 Hey, Wilhelm (1789-1854)—German priest, author of poems and fables for children.— 23 Hildebrand, Theodor (Hildebrandt, Th.)— pseudonym of Frederick Engels.—5, 6, 26, 419, 444, 445 Hinrichs, Hermann Friedrich Wilhelm (1794-1861)—German professor of philosophy, Right-wing Hegelian.— 296, 489 Hippocrates (c. 460-c. 377 B.C.)—Greek mathematician and physician, founder of medicine.— 485 Hirzei, Bernhard (1807-1847) —Swiss priest, orientalist.— 346 Hoffmann—see Campe, Johann Julius Wilhelm Hofmannswaldau, Christian Hofmann von

(1617-1679)—German poet.—51 Hohenstaufens—princely German family (1138-1254).—364, 508 Holbein, Hans (the Younger) (1497-1543)

—German painter and wood engraver of the Renaissance.—134, 170 Holler—friend of the Engels family.— 403 Höller from Solingen — Frederick Engels' acquaintance in Bremen.— 501 Homer—epic poet of Ancient Greece, author of Iliad and Odyssey.—35, 279, 443, 558, 585 Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus) (65-8

B.C.)—Roman poet.—23, 82, 466, 584 Hösterey—Barmen acquaintance of the Engels family.— 539 Hotho, Heinrich Gustav (1802-1873)— professor of aesthetics and history of art at Berlin University; follower of Hegel.—50 Houben, Philipp (died c. 1855)—notary

in Xanten, expert in ancient history, archaeologist.— 134 Houviald, Christoph Ernst, Freiherr von

(1778-1845)—German dramatist.— 449 Hub, Ignaz (wrote under the pseudonym

of Fran* » n Steinach) (1810-1880)— German poet and journalist; founder of the Rheinisches Odeon.— 422 Hugo, Victor Marie (1802-1885)—French

writer.—49

Hühnerbein. F. W.—German tailor, acquaintance of the Engels family; in later years a member of the Communist League.— 440 Hüllstett, G. Karl Anton—senior teacher in Düsseldorf, author of an anthology of German literature for gymnasium pupils.—413 Hülsmann, August (1822-1846)—pastor of a Lutheran community in Elberfeld; later a consistorial and school councillor in Düsseldorf.— 16, 24

Hülsmann, Eduard—brother of August Hülsmann; pastor in Dahl and from

1836 of a Lutheran church in Schwelm. — 16 Huskisson, William (1770-1830)—English statesman, Tory, President of the Board of Trade (1823-27).—271 HUM or Hus, Johnor Jan(c. 1369-1415)— Bohemian religious reformer and ideologist of the national movement; professor of Prague University from 1398, and rector of the same between October 1402 and April 1403; burnt at the stake as a heretic — 482 Hütten, Ulrich wm(1488-1523)—German poet, .supporter of the Reformation; participant in and ideological leader of the knights' uprising of 1522-23 — 171

I

Immermann, Karl Leberecht (1796-1840)— German writer, journalist, critic and prominent figure in the theatre.— 53, 83, 123-25, 161-68, 420, 449 Itistein, Johann Adam von (1775-1855)— German statesman, one of the leaders of the liberal opposition in the Baden Provincial Diet.—299

J

Jachmann, Karl Reinhold (d. 1873)—German theologian and writer.—277 Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich (1743-1819)— German fideist philosopher.—217 Jacoby, Franz Carl Joel (1810-1863)— German Catholic writer, opponent of the Hegelian school, harbinger of religious fanaticism.—63-65 Jacoby, Johann (1805-1877)—German radical writer and politician; in the 1870s was close to the Social-Democratic Party.—305, 307 Jahn, Friedrich Ludwig (1778-1852)— German writer and journalist, organis-er of Turnplatz (open-air gymnasiums) movement in Germany; took part in the struggle against Napoleon's rule.— 138, 141, 166 Jarcke, Karl Ernst (1801-1852)—German lawyer and writer, extreme monarchist.— 63 Jean Paul (pseudonym of Richter, Johann

Paul Friedrich) (1763-1825)—German satirist.—16, 473 Jemand, Wilhelm—see Langewiesche, Wilhelm Joest, Jan van (pseudonym—Calcar, Jan van) (c. 1460-1519)—Dutch painter.— 134 John—English acquaintance of Frederick

Engels in Bremen.—424, 425 Jonghaus, Peter (1816-1884)—Frederick

Engels' schoolmate, later pastor.— 389, 398, 410, 411, 427, 445, 463, 468, 475 Jung— headmistress of the Mannheim Institute for Young Ladies.—498, 544, 546 Jung, Alexander (1799-1884)—German writer, literary historian, journalist; associated with the Young Germany literary group.—284-90, 293-97, 543, 546 Jung, Georg Gottlob (1814-1886)—German writer, Young Hegelian, one of the managers of the Rheinische Zeitung.—336, 347, 546 Jung, Johann Heinrich (wrote under the pseudonym of Heinrich Jung-Stilling) (1740-1817) —German writer, pietist.— 25 Jürgens—itinerant preacher, adventur-ist.—11

K

Kampermanns—textile manufacturers in Barmen.—388 Kampermann, Laura (b. 1827)—friend of Frederick Engels' sisters.—438-41 Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804)—German philosopher.—42, 69, 122, 128, 129, 165, 182, 186, 202, 218, 455 Karl Theodor (1724-1799)—Elector of

Pfalz (1733-99) and Bavaria (1777-99). — 18 Kirchner—friend of the Engels family.— 388

Klein, Julius Leopold (1810-1876)— German dramatist and theatre critic.— 288 Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb (1724-1803) —German poet, representative of the German Enlightenment.— 315, 411 Knapp, Albert (1798-1864)—German poet, author of church songs and hymns, pietist.—101, 315, 398 Knebel, H.—director of a grammar school in Duisburg, author of Französische (ScftuJ-) Grammatik für Gymnasien und Progymnasien.— 18 Kock, Charles Paul de (1794-1871)— French novelist and dramatist.—21 Kohl, Albert (1802-1882)—Protestant pastor in Elberfeld, pietist.—14, 15, 416, 426, 427 Kohlmann, Johann Melchior (1795-1864)— pastor from Horn near Bremen.— 515 Koppen, Karl Friedrich (1808-1863)— German radical writer and historian, Young Hegelian.—143, 335, 337, 339, 345, 347 Köster, Heinrich (1807-1881)—German philologist and teacher.—19, 21 Kostlin, Christian Reinhold (I813-1856)— German jurist and poet.—162 Kossmaly, Karl (1812-1873)—German musical critic, professor of music, conductor.— 159 Köttgen, Gustav Adolf (1802-1882)—German painter and poet, in later years was close to the "true socialists".— 542 Kotzebue, August Friedrich Ferdinand von (1761-1819)—German writer and journalist, extreme monarchist.—3, 129, 393, 395, 397 Krabbe—publisher in Stuttgart.—495 Kreutzer, Konradin (1780-1849)—German composer.—400 Kristine—maidservant at Consul Leupold's in Bremen.— 505 Krug, Friedrich Wilhelm (b. 1799)— German theologian, author of poems, fiction and autobiographical works.— 25 Krummacher, Emil (1798-1886)—pastor in Duisburg, then in Bonn; son of Friedrich Adolf Krummacher.—17 Krummacher, Friedrich Adolf (1767-1845) —German pedagogue, pastor in Bremen (1824-43), religious writer; brother of Gottfried Daniel Krummacher. — 12, 106, 126, 127,416, 427 Krummacher, Friedrich Wilhelm (1796-1868)—German preacher and religious writer, leader of the Wuppertal pietists; son of Friedrich Adolf Krummacher.—12-17, 29-31, 121, 122, 126, 127-28, 155, 156, 157, 158, 315, 346, 361, 416, 423, 446, 472, 514 Krummacher, Gottfried Daniel (1774-1837) —German Protestant preacher and religious writer, pastor in Elberfeld; brother of Friedrich Adolf Krummacher.—12 Krusbecker, Jan—broker in Bremen.— 447 Kruse, Karl Adolf Bernhard (1807-1873)— teacher of the Elberfeld Realschule.— 19 Kühne, Ferdinand Gustav (1806-1888)— German writer, member of the Young Germany literary group, editor of the Zeitung für die elegante Welt and the journal Europa.—42, 50, 71, 77, 78, 80-84, 88-91, 92, 286, 288, 290, 292,411,421,472

L

Lais—one of the Greek courtesans in the latter half of the 5th and the beginning of the 4th century B.C.— 249 Lange—shipowner from Vegesack.—104 Langewiesche, Wilhelm (pen-name— William Jemand) (1807-1872)—writer and bookseller in Barmen.—23, 468 Laube, Heinrich (1806-1884)—German writer, member of the Young Germany literary group; later, theatre director, producer of Vienna theatres. —82, 84, 87, 89, 97, 285, 286, 288, 290-92, 411, 422, 473 Lavater, Johann Kaspar (1741-1801)— Swiss clergyman and writer, physiog-nomist.—454 Lenau, Nikolaus (pseudonym of Niembsch von Strehlenau) (1802-1850)—Austrian poet.—42, 45, 288, 420, 422, 508

Leo, Heinrich (1799-1878)—German historian and writer, extreme monarchist, ideologist of Junkerdom.— 64, 187, 196, 270, 281-83, 293, 296, 315, 340, 345, 361, 365, 435, 436, 451, 452, 462, 467, 477, 489, 526, 527 Leo, Leonarde^Leonardo Oronzo Salvatore

de Leo) (1694-1744)—Italian composer.—474 Le Sage, Alain René (1668-1747)— French writer.—547 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim (1729-1781)— German writer, critic, philosopher and Enlightener.— 82, 411, 449, 472 Leupolds—family of Heinrich Leupold, owner of a trading firm in Bremen.— 386, 404, 529 Leupold—wife of Consul Heinrich Leupold.—396, 401, 438 Leupold, Elisabeth—daughter of Consul Heinrich Leupold.—401 Leupold, Heinrich (d. 1865)—Consul, owner of a trading firm in Bremen in which Engels worked from mid-July 1838 to the end of March 1841.— 389, 391, 396, 404, 406, 410, 418, 500, 502, 507, 510, 511, 520, 524, 529 Leupold, Karl—son of Consul Heinrich

Leupold, junior co-owner of his father's firm.—419 Leupold, Ludwig (Loin)—son of Consul

Heinrich Leupold.—401 Leupold, Siegfried—son of Consul Heinrich Leupold.—401 Leupold, Sophie—daughter of Consul Heinrich Leupold.—511 Leupold, Wilhelm—son of Consul Heinrich Leupold.—505, 508, 520, 524, 525 Leupoldt, Johann Michael (1794-1874)— German psychiatrist, author of several works on medicine.— 281 Lewald, August (1792-1871)—German writer close to the Young Germany literary group, editor of the journal Europa (1835-46).—22, 422 Lieth, Ludwig Theodor (1776-1850)— headmaster of the Elberfeld gymnasium for girls, author of poems for children.—23 Liszt, Franz (1811-1886)—Hungarian composer and pianist.—541 Livy (Titus Livius) (59 B.C.-17 A.D.)— Roman historian, author of History of Rome (Ab urbe condita librt).—584 Lohenstein, Daniel Caspar von (1635-1683) —German poet, representative of aristocratic literature.—51 Lou« XI (1423-1483)—King of France (1461-83).—357 Louis XIV (1638-1715)—King of France (1643-1715).—48, 50 Louis XV (1710-1774)—King of France (1715-74).—163 Louis Philippe I (1773-1850)—Duke of Orleans, King of the French (1830-48).—355, 360 Loyola, St. Ignatius of(Inigo Lopez de Loyola) (1491-1556)—Spanish nobleman, founder of the Society of Jesus.— 51, 64, 413 Ludwig (Louis) III (c. 880-928)—King of the Western Franks.—42 Ludwig (Louis) I (1786-1868)—King of Bavaria (1825-48).—353, 527 Luise—maid in the house of Frederick

Engels' parents.—439 Luther, Martin (1483-1546)—leader of the Reformation, founder of Protestantism (Lutheranism) in Germany, ideologist of the German burghers.— 66, 404, 486

M

Machiavelli, Niccolo (1469-1527) —Italian politician, historian and writer.— 360 Maien—see Meyen, Eduard Maintenon, Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise

de (1635-1719)—mistress and, from 1685, wife of Louis XIV.—49, 51 Mallet, Friedrich Ludwig (1792-1865)— German theologian, Protestant pastor in Bremen, publisher of several religious journals, pietist.—106, 157, 346, 491, 515, 516 Manz, Georg Joseph (1808-1894)—German publisher; founded a publishing firm in Landshut which was trans-ferred to Regensburg in 1835.— 63 Marat, Jean Paul (1743-1793)—French writer, a Jacobin leader in die French Revolution.—63, 341, 348

Marbach, Oswald (1810-1890)—German writer and journalist, author of adaptations of German medieval epics and publisher of German Volksbücher (popular books).—33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 490 Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (121-180)— Roman Emperor (161-80), Stoic philosopher.—249 Marggraff, Hermann (1809-1864)—German writer and journalist.—88, 473 Marheineke, PhilippKonrad(1780-1846)— German Protestant theologian, philosopher and historian of Christianity, follower of Hegel.—268-70, 452 Märklin, Christian (180 7-1849)—German theologian, follower of Hegel; in 1839-40 wrote three pamphlets against pietism.—460 Marryat, Frederick (1792-1848)—English naval officer and novelist.—21 Martin, Henri (1793-1882)—French animal tamer.—91 Marx, Karl (1818-1883).—336, 338-39, 347 Mathy, Karl (1807-1868)—Baden journalist, official and politician, moderate liberal.—299 Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Jakob Ludwig Felix (1809-1847)—German composer and conductor.—159, 523 Mengs, Anton Raphael (1728-1799)— German painter.—471 Menken, Gottfried (1768-1831)—German Protestant theologian, pastor in Bremen.— 515 Menzel, Wolfgang (1798-1873)—German conservative writer and literary critic. —43, 64, 141, 420, 421, 431, 452, 472, 482, 496 Mercadante, Giuseppe Saverio Raffaelle (1797-1870)—Italian composer, author of operas and religious music.—129 Meyen, Eduard (1812-1870)—German journalist, Young Hegelian.—296, 335, 345-46, 348 Meyer, Albertus—editor of the Bremer Stadtbote.—418 Meyer, G. C. A.—publisher in Brunswick.—496 Meyer, Thérèse—fiancée of Wilhelm Leupold.—525 Meyer (Stick-Meyer) — father of Thérèse

Meyer, fiancée of Wilhelm Leupold.— 525 Meyerbeer, Giacomo (real name — Jakob

Liebmann Meyer Beer) (1791-1864)— German composer, pianist and conductor.—542 Micheiet, Karl Ludwig (1801-1893) — German philosopher, follower of Hegel, professor of Berlin University.— 191, 435, 436, 451, 452, 467 Miesegans, Timoleon — Bremen resident. — 515 Miguel, Maria Evarist (Miguel Maria Evaristo de Bragaraa) (1802-1866)— King of Portugal (1828-34).—493 Mohammed Ali (1769-1849)—ruler of Egypt (1805-49), carried out several progressive reforms.—148 Mohr, Karl Friedrich Gottlieb (1803-1888) —member of the Bremen Senate, Burgomaster of Bremen (1857-73).— 425 Molineus, Albert (1814-1889) —Barmen manufacturer, husband of Ida Engels. —542, 544 Montanus Eremita—see Zuccalmaglio, Vincent Jakob von Montholon, Charles Tristan, Comte de (1783-1853) — general-aide-de-camp of Napoleon I; condemned to impris-onment for participating in an abortive Bonapartist coup d'état in 1840.—154 Morison, James (1770-1840)—English entrepreneur who amassed big wealth through the sale of so-called Morison pills.— 278 Morvell, C. F. (real name— Vollmer, C. F.)

(d. 1864)—German writer, author of historical novels.—422 Mosen, Julius (1803-1867)—German romantic writer.—23, 288, 411

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756-1791) —Austrian composer.— 89, 150, 159, 400, 471 Mügge, Theodor (1806-1861)—German writer and journalist, Young Hegelian.—332 Müller—a novice in 1839, lived in the house of Pastor Treviranus in Bremen.—472

Müller, Julius (1801-1878)—German Protestant theologian.—345, 347 Müllner, Amadeus Gottfried Adolf (1774-1829)—German poet, dramatist and literary critic.—496 Munch, Ernst Hermann Joseph von (1798-1841)—German historian and writer. —86 Mundt, Theodor (1808-1861)—German writer, member of the Young Germany literary group; professor of literature and history at Breslau and Berlin.— 21, 36, 42, 50, 79, 82-88, 90, 92, 285, 286, 288, 290-93, 411, 421, 422, 462, 465, 473, 488 Mural, Joachim (1767-1815)—French marshal, participant in Napoleon's campaigns; King of Naples (1808-15). — 154

N

Napoleon I Bonaparte (1769-1821)— Emperor of the French (1804-14 and 1815).—21, 50, 66, 139-41, 153-54, 166, 271, 283, 320, 348, 358, 464, 491, 493, 517 Neander, Johann August Wilhelm (1789-1850)—German Protestant theologian, historian of Christianity and the Church, pietist.—235, 454, 455, 462, 466, 486, 491, 527 Nero (Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus) (37-68)—Roman Emperor (54-68).—279, 356 Nestroy, Johann Nepomuk (1801-1862)— Austrian dramatist and actor, author of vaudevilles.—21 Neuburg—shop assistant in the Barmen publishing house of Wilhelm Langewiesche.—468 Neuiandt— Frederick Engels' acquaintance in Bremen.— 424, 425 Newton, Sir Isaac (1642-1727)—English physicist, astronomer and mathematician, founder of classical mechanics. —60, 96 Ney, Michel (1769-1815)—French mar-shal, participant in Napoleon's campaigns in 1808-11.—154 Nicholas I (1796-1855)—Emperor of Russia (1825-55).—360, 491, 493, 537 Niusch, Karl Immanuel (1787-1868)— German Protestant theologian and preacher, professor of theology at Bonn and Berlin.—346, 527 Noltenius, J. Daniel (1779-1852)—Burgomaster of Bremen (from 1839).— 423, 424, 446 Nork, Friedrich (real name—Korn, Friedrich) (1803-1850)—German writer, well known for his adaptations of Greek myths.—432 Nösselt, Friedrich August (1781-1850)— German pedagogue, author of textbooks on history, geography and German literature.—18

O

Oswald, Friedrich (F. O., S. Oswald)— pseudonyms of Frederick Engels.— 31, 40, 46, 52, 70, 335, 337, 339, 347, 543 Otto I (1815-1867)—Prince of Bavaria, King of Greece (1832-62).—484 Otto, Friedrich Wilhelm—head of a publishing firm founded in 1797.— 352

P

Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da (c. 1525-1594)—Italian composer.—523 Paniel, Karl Friedrich Wilhelm (1803-1856)—German Protestant theologian, pastor in Bremen, supporter of the rationalist trend in Lutheranism.— 127-28, 155-56, 514, 515 Patkul, Johann Reinhold (1660-1707)—Li-vonian nobleman; from 1702 was in Russian service as Privy Councillor and general.—292 Paulus, Heinrich Eberhard Gottlob (1761-1851)—German Protestant theologian, representative of the rationalist trend in Lutheranism.—14, 127, 128 Peel, Sir Robert (1788-1850)—English statesman, Prime Minister (1841-46); in 1846 repealed the Corn Laws.—357, 376, 377

Pergolese (Pergolesi), Giovanni Battista (1710-1736)—Italian composer.—523, 530 Pericles (c. 490-429 B.C.)—Athenian statesman.—484 Petrarch or Petrarca, Francesco (1304-1374)—Italian poet of the Renaissance — 24, 172, 443 Pfizer, Gustav (1807-1890) —German lyrical poet and critic, belonged to the Swabian school of romanticists.— 42, 497 Philip—see Philippi, Friedrich Adolf Philippi, Friedrich Adolf (1809-1882)— German Protestant theologian.—322, 323, 478 Pilate, Pontius (died c. 37) —Roman proc-urator of Judaea (26-36).— 170 Pindar (c. 522-443 B.C.)—Greek lyric poet.—20 Platen (Platen-Hallermünde), August, Graf von (1796-1835)—German poet and dramatist.—23, 54, 96, 420 Plato (c. 427-c. 347 B.C.)—Greek philosopher.—585 Plümacher, Friedrich (1819-1905) —Frederick Engels' schoolmate, later pastor. — 389, 410, 427, 461, 513 Poitiers, Guillaume de (1071-1127) — French troubadour.—146 Pol Johann—Protestant pastor in Heedfeld (near Wuppertal), author of religious poems.—24, 25, 30, 415 Poniatowski, Joseph Anthony (1763-1813) —Polish politician and general, took part in Napoleon's campaigns in 1809-13.—154 Prutz, Robert Eduard (1816-1872)— German poet, journalist and literary historian, was connected with the Young Hegelians.—332, 528 Pückler-Muskau, Hermann, Prince (1785-1871)—German writer.—288, 289 Püttmann, Hermann (1811-1894)—German radical poet and journalist, representative of "true socialism".— 22, 495, 496, 497

Q

Quintana, Manuel Jose' (1772-1857)— Spanish writer and poet.— 55 R

Rachel (real name—Félix, Elizabeth) (1821-1858)—French actress.—49 Racine, Jean Baptiste (1639-1699)— French dramatist, representative of French classicism.— 50 Radewell, Friedrich—German writer.— 292 Radge, Edgar—see Bauer, Edgar Ranke, Leopold von (1795-1886)— German historian, professor of Berlin University, ideologist of Junker-dom.—491 Raumer, Friedrich Ludwig Georg von (1781-1873)—German historian and politician; representative of the narrative-romantic trend; professor at Berlin and Breslau universities.— 508 Raupach, Ernst Benjamin Salomo (1784-1852) — Prussian poet and dramatist.—51, 129, 427, 449 Reichardt, Johann Friedrich (1752-1814) —German composer, author of songs to Goethe's words.—473 Reinhold—Barmen physician.—536 Rettig—deputy of the Baden Provincial Diet.—299 Richter, Heinrich (1800-1847)—inspector of the Rhenish missionary society and the mission-house in Barmen.— 17 Riedel, Carl (1804-1878)—German radical journalist, follower of Hegel.— 185 Riem, Friedrich Wilhelm (1779-1857)— German musician, composer and organist.—159 Riepe, Rudolf—teacher in the Barmen municipal school (1835-58), then in the Elberfeld high school for girls.— 19, 400, 417 Rindeschwender—deputy of the Baden Provincial Diet.— 299 Ringseis, Johann Nepomuk (1385-1880)— German physician and theologian, professor of Munich University, advocate of religious orthodoxy.—282 Ripoll, Cayetano—teacher in Rizaffo, Spain; executed as a heretic on July 26, 1826.—493

Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore de (1758-1794)—active participant in the French Revolution; Jacobin leader, head of the revolutionary government (1793-94).— 341, 348, 349 Rochow, Gustav Adolf Rochus von (1792-1847) — Prussian statesman, Minister of the Interior (1834-42).—366 Rosenkranz, Johann Karl Friedrich (1805-1879)—German Hegelian philosopher and literary historian.—50, 277, 284, 491 Rossini, Gioacchino Antonio ( 1792-1868)— Italian composer.—150 Roth, Richard (1821-1858)—comrade of the young Engels, later manufacturer.—424, 447, 470, 501, 503, 508, 515, 529, 530, 534 Rothe, Moritz (1800-1888)—Protestant pastor in Bremen.— 515 Rothschilds—dynasty of financiers with banks in many countries of Europe.— 70 Rötscher, Heinrich Theodor (1803-1871)— German art theoretician, theatre critic, follower of Hegel.— 50

Rotteck, Karl Wenzeslaus von (1775-1840)—German historian and liberal politician.—493 Rousseau, Jean Jacques (1712-1778)— French democratic writer and philosopher, representative of the Enlightenment.— 127 Rtg — see Rutenoerg, Adolf Rückert, Friedrich (1788-1866)—German romantic poet and translator of oriental poetry.—23, 397, 411, 420, 422, 537 Ruge, Arnold (1802-1880)—German radical journalist and philosopher, Young Hegelian.—143, 185, 196, 296, 331, 334-38, 340, 341, 345-47, 348, 350, 351, 487, 491, 526, 543, 545-46 Runkei, Martin — German conservative journalist, editor of the Elberfelder

Zeitung in 1839-43.—22, 27-28, 446 Russe«, John Russell, 1st Earl (1792-1878)—British statesman, Whig leader, Prime Minister (1846-52 and 1865-66) and Foreign Secretary (1852-53 and 1859-65).—376, 377 Rutenberg, Adolf (Rtg) (1808-1869)— German journalist, Young Hegelian, member of the editorial board of the Rheinische Zeitung in 1842.—337, 347 Ruyter—captain of the ship Maria.— 119

S

Sack, Karl Heinrich (1789-1875)—German Protestant theologian, professor at Bonn, advocate of religious orthodoxy.—329-30, 332, 338, 342, 346-49, 351 Sand, George (pseudonym of Aurore Du-

pin, baronne Dudevant) (1804-1876)— French authoress, representative of the democratic trend in romanticism.— 101, 286 Sander, Immanuel Friedrich (1797-1859)— Lutheran pastor in Elberfeld, pietist.— 16, 24 Sass, Friedrich (pseudonym—Alexander Soltwedet) (1819-1853)—German journalist, Young Hegelian, later "true socialist".—158 Saul (11th cent. B.C.)—King of Israel.—74 Schadow, Friedrich Wilhelm (1788-1862)— German painter, director of the Academy of Arts in Düsseldorf (1826-59).—134 Schebest, Agnese (1813-1869)—German opera singer.—102 Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von

(1775-1854)—German philosopher.— 165, 181-87, 191-95, 198-202, 206-18, 219, 220, 221-30, 234-37, 243-57, 258-60, 269, 294, 295, 538, 543 Schifflin, Philipp—teacher of modern languages in the Barmen municipal school.—18 Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich von

(1759-1805)—German poet, historian and philosopher, professor of history at Jena University.—3, 16, 33, 43, 77, 105, 115, 116, 124, 129, 199, 279, 393, 395, 397, 411, 427, 448, 465, 467, 468

Schlegel, August Wilhelm von (1767-1845) — German romantic poet, translator, literary historian and critic.— 25 Schleiermacher, Friedrich Daniel Ernst (1768-1834)—German philosopher, theologian and preacher.— 269, 457, 462, 463, 486, 490 Schlichthorst, J. D — pastor.— 128 Schlippenbach— Countess.— 541

Schmits, Peter Gottfried—Barmen official.—577 Schmitt, Jacob—acquaintance of the Engels family.— 470 Schneller, Ferdinand Alexander August (1809-1853)—German writer.—422 Schornstein, Johannes—teacher of music and singing at the Elberfeld grammar school (1824-44), organist of a reformed community.— 406, 500 Schröder-Devrient, Wilhelmine (1804-1860)—German opera singer.—102 Schubarth, Karl Ernst (1796-1861)— German conservative writer, teacher at the Hirschberg gymnasium.—66, 187, 452, 453 Schücking, Levin (1814-1883)—German writer, contributor to the Kölnische Zeitung from 1845.—101, 422, 494-96 Schumacher, Balthasar Gerhard (1755-1801)—German jurist, author of the song on which the Prussian National Anthem was based.—144 Schumann, Robert Alexander (1810-1856) —German composer and musical critic.—159 Schiinemann, Karl—owner of a publishing house founded in Bremen in 1817.—494-95, 497 Schwab, Gustav (1792-1850)—German romantic poet, author of adaptations of German epics and classical myths.— 34, 157, 416 Scott, Sir Walter (1771-1832)—Scottish writer.—431 Scribe, 'Augustin Eugène (1791-1861)— French dramatist.—150 Sealsfield, Charles (pseudonym—Postl, Karl Anton) (1793-1864) —Austrian writer.— 295 Seydelmann, Karl (1793-1843) —German actor.— 129 Seyffert—Prussian official, Privy Councillor.— 308 Shakespeare, Wiüiam (1564-1616)— English poet and dramatist.—72, 76, 77, 78, 100, 166, 418, 449, 483 Shelley, Mary WollsUmecraft (1797-1851)— English authoress, second wife of Percy Bysshe Shelley.—101, 496 Shelley, Percy Bysshe (1792-1822)— English poet, revolutionary romantic. —95, 101, 107, 467, 494, 495, 497 Siebel, Christian Hermann (1808-1879)— Barmen manufacturer, relative of Frederick Engels'.—531, 544 Simons — lieutenant, acquaintance of Frederick Engels'.—445 Simrocfc, Karl Joseph (1802-1876)— German poet and philologist, author of adaptations of the works of medieval literature and folk epics, publisher of German VoiksWfcher.—33, 36, 39 Sinck von Sinnes—see Müller, Julius Smidt, Johann (1773-1857)—Burgomaster of Bremen (1821-48 and 1853-57).—424, 514 Smith, Adam (1723-1790)—British econ-omist.—271 Smitt, Friedrich von (Fyodor Ivanovich) (1787-1865)—Russian military historian.—471 Snethlage, Karl Wilhelm Moritz (1792-1871)—relative of the Engels family; Protestant pastor in Unter-Barmen (from 1822) and court preacher in Berlin (from 1842).—578-79, 586-87 Snethlage, Luise (1822-1878)—daughter of Karl Snethlage, Frederick Engels' cousin, wife of Christian Hermann Siebel from 1841.—531, 544 Socrates (c. 470-399 B.C.)—Greek philosopher.—165, 218, 390, 394 Sollwedel, Alexander—see Sass, Friedrich Soltyk, Roman, Count (1791-1842)— Polish officer, participant in the 1830-31 insurrection.—471 Sophocles (c. 497-406 B.C.)—Greek dramatist.—73, 483 Souit, Nicolas Jean de Dieu, Duke of Dalmatia (1769-1851)—French mar-shal and statesman, in 1808-14 com-manded French troops in Spain; War Minister (1830-34 and 1840-45), For-

eign Minister (1839-40) and Prime Minister (1832, 1834, 1839-40 and 1840-47).—517 Spinoza (Baruch or Benedictus) de (1632-1677)—Dutch philosopher.—221, 222, 455 Stahl, Friedrich Julius (1802-1861)— German jurist and politician, extreme monarchist, professor of Berlin University from 1840.—181, 200 Stahr, Adolf Wilhelm Theodor (1805-1876)—German writer, author of historical novels and essays on the history of art and literature.—105 Stamm — owner of a hotel in Bonn.— 548 Steffens, Henrik (1773-1845)—German naturalist, writer, philosopher, follower of Schelling, Norwegian by birth.— 141 Stegmayer, Ferdinand (1803-1863)—German composer and conductor, in 1839 conductor at the Bremen theatre.— 159 Steinhaus, Johann Friedrich—Barmen publisher.—23 Stephan, Martin (1777-1846)—preacher of a Bohemian community in Dresden; in 1838 emigrated to America together with his 700 followers.—103 Sternberg, Alexander (1806-1868)— German writer who idealised the Middle Ages.—49, 146 Stieglitz, Heinrich (1801-1849)—German poet.—411 Stier, Rudolf Ewald (1800-1862)— German Protestant theologian and pastor, known also for his adaptations of Schiller's poems in the church fashion.—16, 28,427,476 Stilling, Johann Heinrich—see Jung, Johann Heinrich Stirner, Max (real name—Schmidt, Johann Caspar) (1806-1856)—German philosopher, Young Hegelian.— 336, 339, 346 Strauss, David Friedrich (1808-1874)— German philosopher and writer, Young Hegelian, author of Das Leben Jesu.— 14, 50, 74, 106, 122, 143, 157, 173, 185, 196, 219, 234, 237, 285, 286, 293, 296, 321, 346, 425, 454, 455, 460, 462, 471, 480, 486, 489-90, 526, 527 Strücker, F. W.—Frederick Engels' Elberfeld friend.—392-94, 398-400, 406, 468, 502, 544 Stuhr, Peter Feddersen (1787-1851)—German historian, author of works on the history of religion, professor of philosophy at Berlin University.— 228 Stüve, Johann Karl Bertram (1798-1872)—German liberal politician, Minister of the Interior in Hanover (1848-50).—152 Szczepansky, Gustav L. Fr. H. W. von— student at Bonn University (1839-42).—548

T

Tacitus, Cornelius (c. 55-c. 120)—Roman historian and orator.—15, 354 Taglioni, Maria (1804-1884)—Italian ballet dancer.—411 Thiersch, Bernhard (1794-1855)—German pedagogue and poet.—97 Tholuck, Friedrich August Gottreu (1799-1877)—German Protestant theologian, pietist.—157, 486, 490, 491, 526, 527 Thucydides (c. 460-c. 395 B.C.)—Greek historian, author of The History of the Peloponnesian War.—471 Thümmel, Hans Adolf von—Hofmarschall of the Electorate of Hessen.—424 Thuringus—pen-name of a member of the Dresden Abend-Zeitung editorial board.—433 Tichatschek, Joseph Alois (1807-1886)— German opera singer.—102 Tieck, Johann Ludwig (1773-1853)— German writer and philologist, representative of romanticism, author of adaptations of German medieval literature and folk-lore.— 34, 37, 40, 411, 413 Tiele, Johann Nikolaus (1804-185.6)— Protestant pastor at Bremen, pietist.— 127, 476 Toel, F. A.—one of the editors of the Bremer Kirchenbote. Eine Zeitschrift.— 106

Torstrick, Johann Adolf (1821-1877)— Frederick Engels' Bremen friend, later teacher and researcher on Aristotle.— 474, 475, 485 Treviranus, Georg Gottfried (1788-1868)— Bremerf pastor in whose house Frederick Engels lived from 1838 to 1841.— 105-06, 386, 387, 399, 406, 445, 500, 501, 524 Treviranus, Marie—daughter of pastor Georg Gottfried Treviranus.— 403, 522 Treviranus, Mathilde—wife of pastor Georg Gottfried Treviranus.— 399, 404, 522 Triboni, Joachim—Genoa resident who made a trip to the Swiss Alps.—173 Tripsteert, Crischan—pen-name of a member of the editorial board of the Bremisches Unterhaltungsblatt.—106 Tromlitz, August von (real name— Witzleben, Karl August, Freiherr von) (1773-1839)—German writer, author of novels and short stories on historical themes.— 21, 422, 431 Troost, Henriette (Jettchen) (1826-1853)— Marie Engels' friend.— 399

U

Uhland, Johann Ludwig (1787-1862)— German romantic poet, head of the Swabian school.—22, 74, 411, 422, 431

V

Varnhagen von Ense, Karl August (1785-1858)—German writer and literary critic of the liberal trend.— 85, 88, 289, 473 Varnhagen von Ense, Rahel Antonie Fred-erike (née Levin) (1771-1833)—wife of Karl August Varnhagen von Ense, well known for her literary salon in Berlin.—411 Venedey, Jakob (1805-1871)—German radical writer and politician.—480, 484 Vernet, Horace (1789-1863)—French battle-scene painter.— 537 Victor I (St. Victor)—Pope (189-198).— 132 Victoria (1819-1901)—Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901).— 360 Virgil (Publius Vergiiius Maro) (70-19 B.C.)—Roman poet.—103, 584 Voigt, H. L.—Königsberg publisher.— 277 Voltaire, François Marie Arouet de (1694-1778) — French deist philosopher, writer, historian, representative of the Enlightenment.—18, 82, 127, 321, 335, 348, 350 Voss, Johann Heinrich (1751-1826)—German poet, translator of Homer, Virgil and other ancient authors.— 25

W

Wachsmann, Karl Adolf von (1787-1862) — German writer and journalist, moderate liberal, member of the editorial boards of the Dresden Abend-Zeitung and the Zeitung für die elegante Welt.—422, 432 Walesrode, Ludwig Reinhold (pseudonym— Emil Wagner) (1810-1889)— German writer, democrat, publisher of the Demokratische Studien.—277, 278, 280 Wadenstcin, Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von

(1538-1634)—general at the time of the Thirty Years' War, commander of the imperial army in 1618-30 and 1632-34.—415 Wallmüller—owner of a café in Berlin.— 540 Wallraf, Ferdinand Franz (1748-1824)— German scientist, professor of natural science and aesthetics at Cologne University (1786), its rector (from 1794), founder of a museum in Cologne, author of a work on the city's history.—134 Weber, Wilhelm Ernst (1790-1850)— headmaster of a humanitarian school in Bremen; author of works on philosophy, pedagogics and aesthetics, translator of ancient authors.—104, 105, 127, 157

Wedell, von—captain, commander of the 12th Foot Company of the Guards Artillery Brigade where Engels was in military service from October 1, 1841, to September 30, 1842.—547, 588 Wegscheider, Julius August Ludwig (1771-1849)—German Protestant theologian of the rationalist trend, professor of philosophy and theology. —486 Weinirenner, August — teacher of music, organist of a Lutheran community in Elberfeld.—542 Weiss«, Christian Hermann (1801-1866)— German philosopher, opponent of the Hegelian school.—466 Weicker, Karl Theodor (1790-1869)— German jurist and writer, liberal, deputy of the Baden Provincial Diet.—298, 299 Wemhöners—family in Barmen.— 531

Wemho'ner, Emil—graduate of the Barmen municipal school (1839), later merchant.— 531 Wemhöner, Mathilde — member of the Wemhöner family.— 535 WendeJ — clerk in the office of Frederick Engels' father.—439, 440 Werder, Karl (1806-1893)—German poet, literary critic and philosopher, follower of Hegel.— 538 Wichelhaus, Johannes (1819-1858)— Protestant theologian, studied with Frederick Engels at the Elberfeld grammar school.—465 Wich«Ihausen, Peter — Deputy of the Parish of Barmen.—577 Wieland, Christoph Martin (1733-1813)— German writer of the Enlightenment, translator of Shakespeare and ancient authors.—394, 411 Wienfcarg, Ludolf (1802-1872)—German writer and critic, member of the Young Germany literary group.— 42, 74, 81, 84, 87, 106, 288, 290, 421, 465, 472 Wigand, Otto (1795-1870)—German publisher and bookseller, owner of a firm in Leipzig, published works by radical writers.—331, 332, 340, 342, 344, 346, 347 WM, Ludwig (1807-1882)—German writer and critic close to the Young Germany literary group.—81, 82, 91, 422 WUhelmine—probably the name of the wife of the German poet Wülfing who wrote an elegy on the occasion of her death entitled Wühelmine, schönster aller Namen!—24 William of Poitiers—see Poitiers, Guillaume Winkler, J. Ch. F.—missionary, author of a collection of poems entitled Harfenklänge.—17 Winkler, Karl Gottlieb Theodor (pen-name — Theodor Hell) (1775-1856)— German conservative writer and journalist, publisher of the Abend-Zeitung.— 420, 422, 433, 434 Wittenstein—owner of a firm in Unter-Barmen — 427 Wolf (Wolff), Christian (1679-1754)— German philosopher and naturalist, economist and jurist.—156

Abner—a biblical character; also a character in the tragedies König Saul by Karl Gutzkow and Saul by Karl Beck.—45, 77 Achilles—the greatest of the Greek heroes in Homer's Iliad.—554 Achilles—a character in Jean Racine's tragedy Iphigénie en Aulide.—50 Adam (Bib.).—83, 164, 477, 479 Adrastus (Gr. Myth.)—King of Argos; a character in Aeschylus' tragedy Seven against Thebes.—572, 573 Aegeus (Gr. Myth.)—King of Athens, the father of Theseus.—553 Agenor (Gr. Myth.)—King of Phoenicia, father of the founder of Thebes, Cadmus.—553, 572 Ahasuerus—the name given by tradition to the Wandering Jew; a character in German folk tales and numerous poetic works based on them.—35, 36, 412, 482 Alberich (Oberon)—a character in the Nibelungenlied, a dwarf who guarded

Wülfing, Friedrich Ludwig (b. 1807)— German poet.—23 Wurm, Gustav (1819-1888)—Frederick

Engels' schoolmate, subsequently a philologist.—389, 394, 396, 398, 399, 410, 417, 437, 445, 450, 453, 463, 464, 465, 474, 475, 513, 516

Z

Zedlitz, Joseph Christian von (1790-1862)—Austrian romantic poet.— 421, 422 Ziegler und Kliphausen, Heinrich Anshelm

(1663-1696)—German poet, representative of aristocratic literature.— 51 Zuccalmaglio, Vincenz Jakob von (pen-name— Montanus Eremita) (1806-1876) —German poet and researcher of legends.—24

the Nibelungs' treasure and was killed by Siegfried.—133 Amphiaraus (Gr. Myth.)—King of Argos;

a character in Aeschylus' tragedy Seven against Thebes.—572 Andronicus — the title character in A Story

of the Slave Andronicus, attributed to Gerasimi, the abbot of a Palestinian monastery (5th cent.).— 35 Antigone — daughter of Oedipus, King of

Thebes; a character in Sophocles' tragedies Oedipus at Colonus and Antigone.—73 Aphrodite (Gr. Myth.)—goddess of love

and beauty.— 24 Apollo—Greek god of the arts.— 82 Arethusa (Gr. Myth.)—a nymph of springs.—155 Argeia (Gr. Myth.)—daughter of Adrastus, King of Argos, wife of Polynices; a character in Aeschylus' tragedy Seven against Thebes.—572 Argus (Argos) (Gr. Myth.)—a hundred-eyed monster set to watch Io.— 553

INDEX OF LITERARY AND MYTHOLOGICAL NAMES Ariadne (Gr. Myth.)—daughter of Minos,

King of Crete; Theseus' mistress.— 227, 553 Arminius — one of the title characters

in Lohenstein's novel Grossmüthiger

Feldherr Arminias.—51 Arthur — a character in Karl Gutzkow's

novel Seraphine.—89 Astharoth—a character in Karl Gutzkow's

tragedy König Saul.—79 Athalia—the title character in Jean Racine's tragedy.—49

Baal (Oriental Myth.)—god of the sky, sun and fertility; his cult was widespread in Phoenicia, Syria and Palestine in the 20th-10th centuries B.C.—192 Banise—the title character in Heinrich Ziegler und Kliphausen's novel Asiatische Banise.—51 Belial—the Hebrew name of the spirit of evil; one of the biblical names of the devil.—249 Belle Isle, Mademoiselle de—the title character in the drama by Alexandre Dumas père.— 50 Black Knight — a character in Friedrich

Schiller's tragedy Die Jungfrau von

Orleans.—76-77 Blasedow—the main character in Karl Gutzkow's novel Blasedow und seine Söhne.—79, 84, 89, 96, 450 Busiris (Gr. Myth.)—King of Egypt.— 279

Cadmus (Gr. Myth.)—son of Agenor, King of Phoenicia, founder of the city of Thebes.— 553 Capaneus (Gr. Myth.)—King of Argos; a character in Aeschylus' tragedy Seven against Thebes.—572 Cardenio—the title character in Karl Immermann's tragedy Cardenio und Celinde.—449 Celinde — a character in Karl Gutzkow's novel Blasedow und seine Söhne.—89 Cercyon (Gr. Myth.)—a giant killed by Theseus.— 553 Childe Harold—the title character in Byron's poem Childe Harold's Pilgrimage.—450

Christ, Jesus (Bib.).—15, 134, 209, 229-35, 241, 243, 247-49, 251-58, 260, 261, 263, 327, 400, 412, 415, 416, 426, 454, 458, 461, 466, 477-79, 485, 486, 526, 543, 555 Claudius—a character in the German popular book Kaiser Octavianus.—38 Clemens—a character in the German popular book Kaiser Octavianus.—38 Clio (Gr. Myth.)—the muse of history.—24 Columbus—the title character in Karl Werder's tragedy.—538

Damocles—according to a Greek legend, a courtier of the Syracusian tyrant Dio-nysius (4th cent. B.C.).—151 Danaus (Danaos) (Gr. Myth.)—King of Argos, by whose order his daughters killed their husbands.—553 Daniel (Bib.).—273 David (Bib.)—King of Israel; a character in the tragedies Saul by Karl Beck and König Saul by Karl Gutzkow.— 24, 45, 63, 74, 77-79, 315, 416 Diana (Rom. Relig.)—goddess of hunting and chastity; since the 5th century B.C. she was identified with the Greek goddess Artemis.—134 Dionysus (Bacchus) (Gr. and Rom. Relig.) —god of wine and fertility.— 229 Don Carlos—the title character in Schiller's tragedy.—279 Don Quixote — the title character in Cervantes' novel.—38, 78, 79, 278, 450, 554 Dorothea—the main character in Goethe's poem Hermann und Dorothea. —402-03 Dulcinea del Toboso—a character in Cervantes' novel Don Quixote.—24

Eckart—according to medieval German legends, a devoted servant and trust-worthy watchman.—137, 464, 468 Edmund—a character in Karl Gutzkow's novel Seraphine.—89 Elijah (Bib.X — 192, 247, 257, 349, 432, 458 Ernst — the title character in the German popular book Herzog Ernst.— 35 Eteocles (Gr. Myth.)—a son of Oedipus, who usurped power in Thebes; a character in Aeschylus' tragedy Seven against Thebes.—572, 573, 574 Eulenspiegel, Till—a character in German folk tales and numerous literary works based on them.—34, 36, 390, 394 £z<*iW (Bib.),—315

Faust—the title character in a German popular book and in Goethe's tragedy; a character in Karl Gutzkow's dramatic essays Hamlet in Wittenberg.—35, 36, 72, 73, 395, 412, 414, 427, 481-82, 554 Fierabras—the title character in a German popular book whose plot goes back to a medieval French epic.— 39 Florens—a character in the German popular book Kaiser Octavianus.—37 Fortuna primigenia (Rom. Myth.)—goddess of maternity and creativity.— 224 Fortunat—the title character in a German popular book.— 34, 39

Ganymede (Class. Myth.)—a beautiful boy carried up to Olympus by the gods, Zeus' lover and cup-bearer.—473 Genovefa—the title character in a German popular book.— 34, 37 George, Saint—mythological dragon-killer.—192, 526 Ghismonda—the title character in Karl Immermann's tragedy Die Opfer des Schweigens.—167 Gideon (Bib.).—346 Giselher—a satyrical character in Engels' article "Requiem for the German Adelszeitung".—67 Götz von Berlichingen—the title character in a drama by Goethe.—465 Graf von Thai—the title character from a ballad by Annette Elisabeth von Droste-Hülshof f.—494 Griseldis—the title character in a German popular book, personification of toler-ance and love.— 37-39, 80 Gustav—a character in Theodor Mundt's

novel Madonna. Unterhaltungen mit einer Heiligen.— 88

Haimon (Heymon)—the title character in the German popular book

Haimonskinder, whose plot goes back to a medieval French epic.— 34, 38, 395 Haimon's Children (Haimonskinder)—the four sons of Duke Haimon, the title character in a German popular book.— 34, 38, 395 Hamlet—the title character in Shakespeare's tragedy and in Karl Gutzkow's dramatic essays Hamlet in Wittenberg.— 44, 72, 76, 79, 85, 397, 449 Helena—the heroine of a Greek epic and of the German popular book Die schöne Helena based on it; also a character in numerous literary adaptations.—37, 394 Hera (Gr. Relig.)—supreme female deity, goddess of clouds, storms, thunder and lightning; protectress of marriage and the family; sister and wife of Zeus.—573 Heracles (Hercules) (Class. Myth.)—son of Zeus, who possessed enormous strength and courage.— 391, 415, 485, 553 Hermes (Gr. Relig.)—pastoral god, protector of cattle; god of roads, trade, gymnastics and eloquence.—118 Hippomedon (Gr. Myth.)—one of the seven leaders of the expedition against Thebes; a character in Aeschylus' tragedy Seven against Thebes.—572 Hirlanda—the title character in a German popular book whose plot goes back to French folk-lore of the early 17th century.—37 Hof er, Andreas—the title character in Karl Immermann's tragedy.—448

Inachus (Gr. Myth.)—founder of the town of Argos.—485 Iphigenia (Gr. Myth.)—daughter of King Agamemnon; the title character in Jean Racine's tragedy Iphigénie en Aulide.—49 Isaiah (Bib.).—227, 247, 252, 255 Isidor—one of the main characters in Ernst Raupach's tragedy Die Lei-beigenen, oder Isidor und Olga.—448 Isolde—the main character in the medieval romance Tristan and Isolde, in the German popular book of the same title and in numerous literary adaptations.—38

James (Bib.).—235, 257, 345, 347 Janossyk—a robber in Karl Beck's ballad

Ungarischen Melodien.—45 Jason (Gr. Myth.)—the leader of the

Argonauts' expedition to obtain the Golden Fleece.—553 Jehovah (Bib.).—74, 75 Job (Bib.).—390 John Bull—the title character in John Arbuthnot's book The History of John Bull (18th cent.). His name is often used to personify England.—132 John, Saint, the Apostle (Bib.).—235, 251,

258, 261, 262, 264, 315, 327, 344, 426, 461, 476, 479, 494 John, Saint, the Baptist (Bib.).—257, 290 Jonah (Bib.).—343 Jonathan—a biblical character; also a character in the tragedies Saul by

Karl Beck and König Saul by Karl Gutzkow.—77-78 Joseph (Bib.) — son of Jacob, sold by his

brothers as a slave into Egypt where he became the Pharaoh's courtier through his wisdom and beauty.— 426, 454, 457, 458, 466 Joshua (Bib.).—29, 477 Judas Iscariot (Bib.).—36, 251 Judith (Bib.).—77 Juliet—one of the title characters in Shakespeare's tragedy Romeo and Juliet.—100

Lazarus—a character from Robert Heller's story "Die Schwestern des Lazarus".— 432 Lear—the title character in Shakespeare's tragedy King Lear.—79, 415 Lot—a character in the Old Testament (Genesis) who was rescued by God from the burning city of Sodom.— 97 Loyola—the title character in Eduard Duller's novel,— 51 Lucrezia Borgia—the title character in Victor Hugo's drama.—49, 50 Luke (Bib.).—243, 350, 416, 453, 458, 466, 476

Magelone—the title character in a German popular book.— 37 Marino Falieri—the title character in an unfinished tragedy by Karl Gutzkow.—71, 72 Mark (Bib.).—350, 476 Mary (Bib.).—254, 350, 417, 426, 458, 479 Matthew (Bib.).—250, 257, 261, 263, 264, 390, 454, 461, 466, 476 Melusina—the title character in the German popular book Die schöne Melusina.— 34, 37 Menelaus (Gr. Myth.) — King of Sparta; took part in the Trojan War.— 394 Mephistopheles—one of the names of Satan; a character in Goethe's tragedy Faust and in Karl Gutzkow's dramatic essays Hamlet in Wittenberg.—72, 73, 129 Merlin—an enchanter in old Welsh sagas; the title character in Karl Immermann's drama.—167 Merob—a character in Karl Beck's tragedy Soul.—45 Michael—according to biblical tradition, one of the seven archangels.—126, 344, 350 Michal—a character in Karl Gutzkow's tragedy König Soui.—77, 90 Michel—a German name personifying a maladroit and dull-witted philistine. —278 Minotaur (Gr. Myth.)—fabulous monster living on Crete and fed with human flesh.—553 Moab—a character in Karl Beck's tragedy Saul.—45 Moloch—the Sun-god in Carthage and Phoenicia, whose worship was accompanied by human sacrifices.—45, 324 Morgan le Fay (Celtic Myth.)—one of the nine fairies protecting the Celts.— 136 Morolf (Marcolf)—one of the title characters in the German popular book Salomon und Morolf.—34, 36 Moses (Bib.).—25, 67, 86, 119, 257, 322, 324, 455 Münchhausen—the title character in Karl Immermann's novel Münchhausen, eine Geschichte in Arabesken.—162, 167

Nibelungs— mythological dwarfs who possessed a famous treasure; the medieval German epic Nibelungenlied was named after them.—75, 132

Octavianus—the title character in the German popular book Kaiser Octavianus and in Ludwig Tieck's comedy.— 34, 37, 395 Odysseus—the title character in Engels'

lost work Odysseus Redivivus.—472, 488 Oedipus (Gr. Myth.)—King of Thebes; the title character in Sophocles' tragedies Oedipus Rex (Tyrannus) and Oedipus at Colonus.—23, 96, 572, 573, 574 Olga—one of the main characters in Ernst Raupach's tragedy Die Leibei-genen, oder Isidor und Olga.—448 Ophelia—a character in Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet and in Karl Gutzkow's dramatic essays Hamlet in Wittenberg.— 72

Pallas Athena (Gr. Myth.)—goddess of war; personification of wisdom; protec-tress of arts and crafts.— 24, 237, 573 Pan (Gr. Relig.)—god of pastures and woods, protector of shepherds and cattle.—95 Parthenopaeus (Gr. Myth.) — one of the seven leaders of the expedition against Thebes; a character in Aeschylus' tragedy Seven against Thebes.—572 Patkul—the title character in Karl Gutzkow's drama.—292 Po«i (Bib.).—14, 122, 126, 127, 157, 229, 235, 243, 257-61, 263, 476 Pegasus (Gr. Myth.)—a winged horse.— 506 Peter (Bib.).—235, 257-58, 261-63, 456, 542, 544 Phèdre (Gr. Myth.)—wife of Theseus; the title character in Jean Racine's tragedy Phèdre.—50

Philipp—a character in Schiller's tragedy

Don Carlos.—129, 279 Polynices (Gr. Myth.)—son of Oedipus,

took part in the war against Thebes; a character in Aeschylus' tragedy Seven against Thebes.—572, 573 Pontus—one of the title characters in the

German popular book Pontus und Sido-nia.—39 Posa, Marquis—a character in Schiller's

tragedy Don Carlos.—279, 467 Priam (Gr. Myth.)—King of Troy.—

558 Prometheus (Gr. Relig.)—one of the titans.—131 Python (Gr. Myth.)—a huge serpent which lived at Delphi and was killed by Apollo.—473

Queen Mab—the title character from a lyrical poem by Shelley.—107, 495, 497

Reinald—one of the sons of Duke Haimon in the German popular book Haimonskinder.—3 7 Roland—the hero of the French epic Chanson de Roland.—192, 389, 415, 515 Romeo—one of the title characters in

Shakespeare's tragedy Romeo and Juliet. — 100 Ruy Bias—the title character in Victor

Hugo's drama.— 50

Samson—a biblical hero known for his supernatural strength and courage.— 347 Samuel—a biblical prophet; a character in Karl Gutzkow's drama König Saul.— 73-78 Sancho Panza—a character in Cervantes' Don Quixote.—450 Satan—in a number of religions, the evil spirit who opposed God.— 229, 248, 321, 350 Saturn (Rom. Relig.)—god of sowing.— 55 Saul—a biblical character; also the title character in the tragedies Saul by Karl Beck and König Saul by Karl Gutzkow.—46, 69, 71, 73, 74, 78-79, 90, 91, 92, 471 Savage, Richard—the title character in Karl Gutzkow's drama Richard Savage oder der Sohn einer Mutter.—71, 73-77, 80, 91, 102, 103 Schildbürger—characters in a German popular book of the same name, famous for their stupidity.— 34, 36, 395 Seraphine—the title character in Karl Gutzkow's novel.—89 Shylock—a character in Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of Venice.— 129 Sibyl—one of the women in ancient times believed to possess prophetic powers.—252, 395 Siegfried—one of the main characters in an ancient German epic and in the medieval epic Nibelungenlied; the title character in Engels' tragicomedy Der gehörnte Siegfried.—34, 37, 39, 132, 135, 136, 394, 415, 428-37, 554 Sieghard—a character in Engels' tragicomedy Der gehörnte Siegfried.—428, 429 Siegmuni — father of Siegfried, the hero of an ancient German epic and of the medieval epic Nibelungenlied.—132 Siegwart von der Neige—a satirical character in Engels' article "Requiem for the German Adelszeitung".—67 Siglint—mother of Siegfried, the hero of an ancient German epic and of the medieval epic Nibelungenlied.—132 Solomon (Salomon)—a biblical character; also one of the title characters in the German popular book Salomon und Morolf.—34, 36, 416

Tannhäuser—a character in German folk-lore; the title character of Heine's poem.—137 Tell, Wilhelm—the title character in Schiller's drama.—448, 467, 554 Theoderich von der Neige—a satirical character in Engels' article "Requiem for the German Adelszeitung".—67-68 Theophilus—a character in the New Testament.—458

Theseus (Gr. Myth.)—King of Athens and founder of the Athenian state.—553 Thusnelda—one of the main characters in Lohenstein's novel Grossmiithiger

Feldherr Arminius.—51 Timothy—according to Christian tradition, a disciple and colleague of St. Paul.—263 Tobianus—a character in Karl Gutzkow's novel Blasedow und seine Söhne.—450 Tristan — a character in a medieval epic; the main character in the medieval romance Tristan and Isolde, in a German popular book and in numerous literary works based on them.— 37-39, 167, 445 Tydeus (Gr. Myth.)—one of the seven leaders of the expedition against Thebes; a character in Aeschylus' tragedy Seven against Thebes.—572

Uranus (Gr. Myth.)—personification of Heaven; husband of the earth-goddess, Ge, father of the Titans, Cy-clopes and Hecatoncheires, hundred-armed giants.— 231

Venus (Rom. Relig.)—goddess of love and beauty.—137, 467

Wahlheim—the title character in Friedrich Wilhelm Krug's story Kämpfe und

Siege des jungen Wahlheim.—25 Wally—the title character in Karl Gutzkow's novel Wally, die Zweiflerin.— 38, 79, 84, 89, 420 Wolter, Markgraf—a character in the German popular book Griseldis.—88, 473 Werner — the title character in Karl Gutzkow's drama Werner, oder Herz und Welt.—80, 292

Zeruiofc — a character in Karl Gutzkow's

tragedy König Soul.—77, 79 Zeus (Gr. Relig.)—the supreme deity.—

85, 573