Fire Protection¶
Fire Protection: 1 General¶
Aircraft fire protection system includes: - Detection for: o Each engine nacelle fire o Right nacelle overheat (on ground only) o Each cargo compartment and toilets smoke o Avionics compartment smoke. - Extinguishing for: o Each engine o Toilets waste bin. - Portable fire extinguishers (manual operation) for: o Cockpit and cabin o FWD and AFT cargo bay.
Fire Protection: 2 Engine Fire Detection System¶
Each engine is equipped with a fire detection system which consists of: - Two identical detection loops (A and B) mounted in parallel - A fire detection control unit. The detection principle is based on the variation of resistance and capacitance of the detection cable (fire signal). If there is only a change in resistance, associated loop will be reported failed by the fire detection control unit (fault signal). ENG FIRE appears on EWD when: - Fire signal detected by both loops A and B, or - Fire signal detected by one of the loops if the other one is selected OFF.
Fire Protection: 3 Nacelle Overheat Detection System¶
Right Nacelle Overheat Detection System The right nacelle includes an overheat detector. On ground, when the right nacelle temperature exceeds 170 °C, a red NAC OVHT label appears on EWD, and the FWS activates the NAC OVHT warning with the associated Master Warning light and CRC sound.
Fire Protection: 4 Cargo And Toilets Smoke Detection¶
Forward and aft cargo each include one photoelectric smoke detector. Reflection measurement monitors ambient transmittance. Toilets include a photoelectric smoke detector.
In case of smoke detection, "SMOKE" signal is sent to FWS through the MFC.
Fire Protection: 5 Avionics Smoke Detection¶
The avionics extract air duct includes a smoke detection device (ionization type), connected with the FWS. Smoke detection between the avionics compartment and the extract fan activates a “ELEC SMK” red alert on EWD.
COCKPIT / FWD CARGO air -----------+
v
FLIGHT DECK air -> [AVIONICS COMPARTMENT] -> [SMOKE DETECTOR] -> [EXTRACT FAN]
| | |
| +--> [FWS] +--> AFT U/F
| |
+--> [EXTRACT AIR FLOW VALVE] +--> [U/F]
+-------------------------------------------> [OVBD]
Smoke detection sends the smoke signal to FWS; extraction routing uses the
underfloor/overboard path shown in the source.
Fire Protection: 6 Engine Fire Extinguishing System¶
The system includes two extinguisher bottles. Each bottle can be used for engine 1 or engine 2. The bottles are in the wing-to-fuselage junction fillet on each side of the fuselage. Dual squibs are installed in the discharge head of each bottle. Nitrogen pressurizes the fire extinguishing agent in the bottles. To extinguish a fire, pull the fire handle to arm the squibs (the corresponding “SQUIB” lights come on), then press the corresponding AGENT pb on the ENG FIRE panel, to ignite squibs and discharge the fire extinguishing agent.
FIRE PULL SQUIB TEST TEST LOOP B AGENT 2 FIRE ENG DISCH SQUIB AGENT 1 LOOP A FAULT TOWARD LEFT ENGINE TOWARD RIGHT ENGINE EXTINGUISHER BOTTLES 1 FAULT OFF DISCH SQUIB FAULT OFF
Fire Protection: 7 Cockpit, Cabin, and Aft Cargo Compartment Fire Extinguishing¶
System Cockpit, Cabin, and Aft Cargo Compartment Fire Extinguishing System Portable extinguishers are intended for manual use (for location, Refer to EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT).
Fire Protection: 8 Toilets Wastebin Fire Extinguishing System¶
The fire extinguishing system operates automatically when the temperature in the wastebin exceeds 77 °C.
Fire Protection: 1 ENG FIRE Panel¶
FIRE SQUIB TEST TEST LOOP B AGENT 2 AGENT 1 LOOP A FAULT 1 2 3 3 4 5 4 FAULT OFF DISCH SQUIB DISCH SQUIB FAULT OFF PULL FIRE ENG 1 Two identical ENG FIRE panels with fire handles are provided for control of fire detection and extinguishing. One panel controls ENG 1, the other controls ENG 2.
1 ENG FIRE handle The handle integrates an ENG FIRE warning light. The light comes on red and the FWS is activated as long as the respective engine fire warning is activated (independently of handle position). Light goes off when the temperature detected by the loops drops below warning threshold. The handle has two positions - Normal position (mechanically locked) - Pulled Pulling the handle electrically causes for the respective engine: o PROPELLER: Feathering o FUEL: ENG LP VALVE closure When the engine fuel low pressure shutoff valve closes, the fuel supply to the associated engine is stopped (Fire handle: backup means to shut down the engine). o AIR: BLEED VALVE and HP VALVE closure o DE ICE: DE ICE VALVE and ISOLATION VALVE closure o ELEC: ACW and DC GEN deactivation o EXTINGUISHER BOTTLES: Squibs arming (SQUIB lights illumination). 2 SQUIB TEST pb SQUIB TEST pb controls the test of the squibs in the discharge heads and their electrical circuits. When pressed with the respective ENG FIRE handle in normal position, the two SQUIB lights come on if squibs and circuits are operative. 3 AGENT pushbuttons AGENT pushbuttons control the ignition of squibs and resultant discharge of fire extinguisher bottles: SQUIB The lights come on white when the ENG FIRE handle is pulled to indicate that the squibs are armed (ready for bottle percussion) and to facilitate identification of the AGENT pushbuttons that can be activated. DISCH The light comes on amber when the related fire extinguisher bottle is depressurized after discharge. Note The discharge light also comes on the non affected ENG FIRE panel to facilitate identification of the depressurized bottle.
4 LOOP pb LOOP pb enables the activation of aural and visual alerts when the fire detection control unit for the related loop generates a fire signal (FIRE) or a fault signal (LOOP). (pb pressed in) Aural and visual alerts are activated when a fire or a fault signal is generated by the fire detection control unit of the related loop. OFF Aural and visual alerts are inhibited for the related loop. The OFF light comes on white. LOOP label is displayed on EWD. FAULT The light comes on amber and the FWS is activated when the associated pb is selected ON and a fault signal is generated by the fire detection control unit. LOOP alert is displayed on EWD with associated “LOOP" label. Master caution light is flashing with Single Chime. 5 TEST sw (Spring-loaded in neutral position) The TEST sw enables to test the detection of fire and fault signals when set to FIRE or FAULT position with the LOOP A pb and LOOP B pb pressed in. FAULT - FAULT lights of both LOOP A and LOOP B pb come on - FWS is activated, LOOP alert is displayed on EWD with associated “LOOP" label. Master caution light flashing with aural SC. FIRE - ENG FIRE red light comes on in associated fire handle - FWS is activated, ENG FIRE alert is displayed on EWD with associated “FIRE" label. Master warning light flashing with aural CRC - ENG FIRE on engine primary parameters page on EWD - FUEL SO light comes on in associated Condition Lever if not in fuel shutoff position.
Fire Protection: 2 CL Fuel Light¶
Comes on red when receives fire signal from associated engine. Goes off after CL is set to fuel shutoff position or if fire detection signal is no longer sensed.
Fire Protection: 3 Cargo Compartment and Toilet Smoke Detection¶
2 1 LAV DET FANS COMPT SMK 34VU SMK TEST R M O N AFT COMPT/ FAULT ALTN
1 AFT COMPT/LAV DET FANS pb NORM (pb pressed in) One fan runs. FAULT The fan is out of order. FAULT comes on amber and the FWS is activated. ALTN (pb released) The alternate fan runs, ALTN light comes on cyan. Associated pictograms simultaneously appear on SD cabin page as displayed in the table below: 0 6 8 0 2000 0 2000 AUTO 21 °C RECIRC PACK AUTO HIGH FLOW AIR PACK OXY SUPPLY CREW P PSI 8.00 VS FT/MIN MAN ALT TARGET CAB ALT FT FT 5200 5200 FULL OPEN EXHAUST VENT PAX
1 MFD ITEM DISPLAY COLOR DISPLAY DESCRIPTION 1 (GREEN) AFT COMPT/LAV pb PRESSED DET FANS (AMBER) ENERGIZED FAN FAULT ALTN DET FANS (CYAN) AFT COMPT/LAV pb RELEASED
2 SMK TEST pb Tests the smoke detectors. “ELEC SMK”, “FWD SMK”, “AFT COMPT SMK” and “LAV SMK” warnings appear on the SD cabin page and associated alerts appear on EWD.
Fire Protection: 1 Electrical Supply¶
EQUIPMENT DC BUS SUPPLY (C/B) AC BUS SUPPLY (C/B) ENG 1 Loop A DC EMER BUS (on lateral panel C/B LOOP A) NIL Loop B DC EMER BUS (on lateral panel C/B LOOP B) NIL Fire handle DC EMER BUS (on lateral panel C/B FIRE HANDLE) NIL CL light DC EMER BUS (on lateral panel C/B CLA) NIL ENG 2 Loop A DC EMER BUS (on lateral panel C/B LOOP A) NIL Loop B DC EMER BUS (on lateral panel C/B LOOP B) NIL Fire handle DC EMER BUS (on lateral panel C/B FIRE HANDLE) NIL CL light DC EMER BUS (on lateral panel C/B CLA) NIL Left extinguisher bottle squibs DC EMER BUS (on lateral panel C/B SQUIBS) HOT MAIN BAT BUS (on lateral panel C/B SQUIBS) NIL Right extinguisher bottle squibs DC EMER BUS (on lateral panel C/B SQUIBS) HOT MAIN BAT BUS (on lateral panel C/B SQUIBS) NIL Forward cargo smoke detector DC ESS BUS (on lateral panel C/B FWD SMOKE DETECTOR) NIL Aft cargo smoke detector DC ESS BUS (on lateral panel C/B AFT SMOKE DETECTOR) NIL
EQUIPMENT DC BUS SUPPLY (C/B) AC BUS SUPPLY (C/B) Avionics smoke detector DC ESS BUS (on lateral panel C/B ELEC SMK DET) NIL Toilets smoke detector DC ESS BUS (on lateral panel) NIL Aft cargo and toilets ventilation fans PWR NIL AC STBY BUS (on lateral panel C/B FANS PWR) Aft cargo and toilets ventilation fans CTL DC ESS BUS (on lateral panel C/B AFT FANS IND) NIL Forward cargo ventilation fans PWR NIL AC STBY BUS (on lateral panel ) Forward cargo Fire exting CTL DC ESS BUS (on lateral panel ) NIL AUX aft compartment bay smoke detector (if installed) DC ESS BUS (on lateral panel C/B COMPT SMK AUX AFT C/B COMPT SMK DET) NIL AUX aft compartment two position valve control and PWR DC ESS BUS (on lateral panel ) NIL
Fire Protection: 1 AFT SMOKE - Alert¶
CONDITION VISUAL AURAL Smoke detected in the aft cargo compartment - OR - Smoke detected in the lavatory - MW light flashing red - AFT SMK red message on EWD - LAV SMK red message or AFT COMPT SMK red message reverse video on Cabin SD page CRC
Fire Protection: 2 AFT SMOKE - Alert - Cargo Version Only¶
CONDITION VISUAL AURAL Smoke detected in the aft cargo compartment - MW light flashing red - AFT SMK red message on EWD - AFT SMK red message reverse video on Cabin SD page - If a container smoke detector detect smoke, associated CNTNR SMK red LT comes on on overhead panel CRC
Fire Protection: 3 ELECTRICAL SMOKE - Alert¶
CONDITION VISUAL AURAL Smoke detected in the avionics ventilation circuit - MW light flashing red - ELEC SMK red message on EWD - ELEC SMK red message reverse video on Cabin SD page CRC
Fire Protection: 4 FWD SMOKE - Alert¶
CONDITION VISUAL AURAL Smoke detected in the forward cargo compartment - MW light flashing red - FWD SMK red message on EWD - Associated FWD SMK red indication on SD cabin page CRC
Fire Protection: 5 FWD SMOKE - Alert - Cargo Version Only¶
CONDITION VISUAL AURAL Smoke detected in the forward cargo compartment - MW light flashing red - FWD SMK red message on EWD - Associated FWD SMK red indication on SD Cabin page - If a container smoke detector detect smoke, associated CNTNR SMK red LT comes on on overhead panel CRC
Fire Protection: 6 SMK DET FANS FAULT - Alert¶
CONDITION VISUAL AURAL Smoke detectors fans failure - MC light flashing amber - AIR AFT (FWD) DET FAN amber message on EWD - AFT COMPT/LAV DET FANS FAULT amber light on overhead panel - Associated DET FANS amber indication on SD Cabin page SC